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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5e79\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u51fa\u767a\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u6642\u5236\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e09\u5358\u73fe\u306e\u5c48\u6298\u8a9e\u5c3e\u3084\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u5909\u5316\u3092\u542b\u3080\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u7bc0\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8a9e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u7bc0\u69cb\u9020\u3084\u4fee\u98fe\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8aa4\u8aad\u306b\u76f4\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f62\u614b\u8ad6\u7684\u8a3c\u62e0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u8b58\u5225\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5b9a\u7740\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u5f62\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u540c\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u306f\u300c\u5358\u8a9e\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u899a\u3048\u308b\u6d3b\u7528\u8868\u306e\u6697\u8a18\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u5206\u8a5e\u3084\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u308f\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u306e\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e\u307f\u304c\u5358\u72ec\u3067\u6642\u5236\u3092\u793a\u3059\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u6cd5\u539f\u7406\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u8a9e\u5c3e\u5909\u5316\u3084\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u5909\u5316\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u8a3c\u62e0\u304b\u3089\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u898f\u5247\u5909\u5316\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u540c\u5f62\u3092\u6210\u3059\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3084\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7d71\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u753b\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u5c48\u6298\uff08-s, -ed\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8a9e\u5e79\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u6d3b\u7528\u5f62\uff08\u539f\u5f62\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u306e\u5019\u88dc\u3092\u6d17\u3044\u51fa\u3059\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u4e3b\u683c\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u6642\u5236\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3084\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u914d\u5217\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u306e\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u5358\u72ec\u3067\u6587\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u4fee\u98fe\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9806\u6b21\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u4fee\u98fe\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9577\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u7bc0\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u8aa4\u308a\u306a\u304f\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The researcher discovered the anomalous data during the experiment.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e discovered \u306f\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306b -ed \u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u4f34\u308f\u305a\u4e3b\u8a9e The researcher \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The empirical evidence obtained from several independent trials confirms the hypothesis.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001obtained \u3068 confirms \u3068\u3044\u3046\u3075\u305f\u3064\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002obtained \u306f\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5 from \u3092\u4f34\u3044\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u6b20\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f8c\u7f6e\u4fee\u98fe\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u5c48\u6298\u8a9e\u5c3e -s \u3092\u6301\u3064 confirms \u304c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The committee approved the newly proposed regulations concerning academic integrity.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001proposed \u3092\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001approved \u3068\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u76f4\u524d\u306e newly \u306b\u3088\u308b\u4fee\u98fe\u3068 regulations \u3078\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u4fee\u98fe\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001approved \u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u306e\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001proposed \u306f\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u4e3b\u8ff0\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;These findings provide a solid theoretical foundation for further investigation.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e These findings \u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b provide \u306f\u8907\u6570\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e a solid theoretical foundation \u3092\u5f93\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236\u3092\u793a\u3059\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u7d71\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u304b\u3089\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u4e09\u5358\u73fe\u306e-s\u304a\u3088\u3073\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u5c48\u6298\u3068\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306f\u300c\u5358\u6570\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u306f-s\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u521d\u6b69\u7684\u306a\u898f\u5247\u300d\u3068\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3089\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9593\u306b\u9577\u3044\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3001\u5206\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5c48\u6298\u8a9e\u5c3e\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u4fee\u98fe\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u98db\u3073\u8d8a\u3048\u3066\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u9006\u7b97\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e -s \u3084\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e\u5c48\u6298\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6570\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4eba\u79f0\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u6a19\u8b58\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u753b\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u30d8\u30c3\u30c9\u3068\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4fee\u98fe\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305a\u306b\u7bc0\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3068\u4e3b\u8ff0\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306b -s \u304c\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u8907\u6570\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u539f\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u7279\u6027\uff08\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570\u304b\u3001\u8907\u6570\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u30fb\u4e8c\u4eba\u79f0\u304b\uff09\u3092\u5272\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u524d\u65b9\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u7fa4\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u9664\u5916\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u4e3b\u683c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u5f97\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u540d\u8a5e\uff08\u30d8\u30c3\u30c9\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u8981\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u540d\u8a5e\u304b\u3089\u52d5\u8a5e\u76f4\u524d\u307e\u3067\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u62ec\u5f27\u3067\u304f\u304f\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u8ff0\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u9577\u5927\u306a\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u628a\u63e1\u304c\u8fc5\u901f\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The gradual transformation of social structures in developing nations requires careful analysis.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001requires \u306b\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u305f -s \u304b\u3089\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3057\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e nations \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u4e3b\u8981\u540d\u8a5e The gradual transformation \u3068\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u8ff0\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Several factors influencing the economic stability of the region remain unidentified.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001remain \u304c\u539f\u5f62\uff08\u8907\u6570\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u5358\u6570\u540d\u8a5e the region \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5206\u8a5e\u53e5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4fee\u98fe\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e Several factors \u304c\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;A detailed investigation into the causes of the recent industrial accidents demonstrate the necessity of reform.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e demonstrate \u306e\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3066 industrial accidents \u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u6587\u982d\u306e\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e A \u3092\u4f34\u3046\u5358\u6570\u540d\u8a5e A detailed investigation \u304c\u4e3b\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092 demonstrates \u3078\u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4e3b\u8ff0\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u7f60\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;The criteria used for evaluating academic performance vary significantly across institutions.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001vary \u306f\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001used for evaluating academic performance \u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u53e5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4fee\u98fe\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e The criteria\uff08\u5358\u6570\u5f62 criterion \u306e\u8907\u6570\u5f62\uff09\u3068\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u4e3b\u8ff0\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u628a\u63e1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u5f62\u614b\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"21579\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u9032\u884c\u5f62\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5ebe\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e be \u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\uff08-ing\uff09\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4e8c\u8a9e\u306e\u9023\u9396\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e be \u304c\u6642\u5236\u3092\u62c5\u3044\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5206\u696d\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e be \u3084\u5206\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u5206\u985e\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u8b58\u5225\u529b\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u52a9\u52d5\u8a5ebe\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ff0\u8a9e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306f\u300cbe\u52d5\u8a5e\uff0b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306eing\u5f62\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9a\u578b\u53e5\u306e\u6697\u8a18\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001be\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u7cfb\u8f9e\uff08\u9023\u7d50\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b -ing \u5f62\u304c\u4e3b\u683c\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3084\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3001be \u304c\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6587\u578b\u5224\u5b9a\u3084\u610f\u5473\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u72c2\u3044\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e be \u306f\u6642\u5236\u6a19\u8b58\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236\uff08is\/am\/are\uff09\u3084\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\uff08was\/were\uff09\u3092\u5177\u73fe\u5316\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3068\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u4e00\u4f53\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e be + -ing \u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3066\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001be\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u304b\u3089\u6642\u5236\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u3068\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u4eba\u79f0\u30fb\u6570\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u6587\u306e\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u57fa\u70b9\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b -ing \u5f62\u304c\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u5f93\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068 -ing \u5f62\u306e\u610f\u5473\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u30fb\u904e\u7a0b\u3092\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306e\u8907\u5408\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u53d9\u8ff0\u7528\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The technological infrastructure is expanding rapidly throughout the country.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001is \u306f\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e expanding \u304c\u526f\u8a5e rapidly \u3092\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u8907\u5408\u4f53 is expanding \u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8b58\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The legal framework was undergoing significant revisions during that decade.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001was \u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e undergoing \u304c\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e significant revisions \u3092\u5f93\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001was undergoing \u304c\u4e00\u4f53\u306e\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The primary objective of the committee is developing sustainable energy solutions.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001is developing \u3092\u3072\u3068\u307e\u3068\u3081\u306e\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e The primary objective \u304c\u80fd\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u300c\u958b\u767a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u306a\u610f\u5473\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u9665\u308b\u3002developing sustainable energy solutions \u5168\u4f53\u304c\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u88dc\u8a9e\uff08C\uff09\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u7b2c\uff12\u6587\u578b\u306e SVC \u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8a02\u6b63\u30fb\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;The global economy was experiencing unprecedented fluctuations at that moment.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001was experiencing \u306f\u904e\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306e\u8907\u5408\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e The global economy \u306b\u3088\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e unprecedented fluctuations \u306e\u7372\u5f97\u3092\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u652f\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e be \u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u6210\u3059\u8ff0\u8a9e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u9032\u884c\u5f62\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u52d5\u4f5c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5224\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u9069\u683c\u6027\u306f\u300c\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u89a7\u6697\u8a18\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u304c\u300c\u958b\u59cb\u3068\u7d42\u4e86\u3092\u5185\u5305\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u904e\u7a0b\u300d\u3092\u5207\u308a\u53d6\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u539f\u7406\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u9593\u3092\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08know, belong, consist \u7b49\uff09\u306f\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u6642\u9593\u7684\u306a\u6301\u7d9a\u6027\u3092\u5185\u5305\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08run, write, build \u7b49\uff09\u306f\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u6301\u3064\u305f\u3081\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u3092\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7bc4\u7587\u3068\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u5f97\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u300c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u610f\u5fd7\u306b\u3088\u308b\u958b\u59cb\u30fb\u4e2d\u65ad\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u304b\u300d\u300c\u6642\u9593\u306e\u7d4c\u904e\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u5909\u5316\u3092\u542b\u3080\u304b\u300d\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u7684\u7279\u6027\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u77e5\u899a\u30fb\u611f\u60c5\u30fb\u6240\u5c5e\u30fb\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u306b\u5c5e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u3092\u3068\u3089\u305a\u5358\u7d14\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u30fb\u5358\u7d14\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u591a\u7fa9\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08have, think, look \u7b49\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u7528\u6cd5\uff08\u6240\u6709\u3001\u610f\u898b\u3001\u5916\u89b3\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u8868\u3059\u7528\u6cd5\uff08\u98f2\u98df\u3001\u601d\u8003\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u8996\u899a\u52d5\u4f5c\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u8981\u7d20\u304b\u3089\u5224\u5225\u3057\u3001\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306e\u53ef\u5426\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The modern research facility belongs to the prestigious institute.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001belong \u306f\u6240\u5c5e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9759\u7684\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u72b6\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9032\u884c\u5f62 *is belonging \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The chemical compound consists of three fundamental elements.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001consist of \u304c\u69cb\u6210\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5358\u7d14\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3001\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u5316\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The senior economist is having an extensive collection of historical documents.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001is having \u3092\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5bb9\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u300c\u6240\u6709\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u72b6\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u898f\u5247\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002have \u304c\u6240\u6709\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5834\u5408\u306f\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u4e0d\u53ef\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081 has \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5358\u7d14\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8b58\u5225\u3055\u308c\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\uff08\u98df\u4e8b\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u8868\u3059\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u7528\u6cd5\u3068\u306e\u5883\u754c\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;The committee is currently considering several innovative proposals.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001consider \u306f\u300c\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u601d\u8003\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u4f5c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9032\u884c\u5f62 is considering \u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u59a5\u5f53\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u52d5\u4f5c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5ehave\u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7d50\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e have \u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3068\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u5e30\u7d50\u3092\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e have \u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6642\u5236\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\u30fb\u672a\u6765\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u62c5\u3044\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001have been + \u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306e\u91cd\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u9023\u9396\u3092\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3068\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u3092\u542b\u3081\u305f\u78ba\u56fa\u305f\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u628a\u63e1\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. have + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u9023\u9396\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306f\u300chave\uff0b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u300d\u3068\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e have \u304c\u62c5\u3046\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3068\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u975e\u5b9a\u5f62\u306e\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u5cfb\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001have \u304c\u672c\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u6240\u6709\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u7b2c\uff15\u6587\u578b\u3084\u7b2c\uff13\u6587\u578b\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3059\u308b\u5371\u967a\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b have \u306f\u6642\u5236\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236 have\/has\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236 had\uff09\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u6587\u6cd5\u6a19\u8b58\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3068\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u753b\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5e79\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u306e\u5fc5\u9808\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e have + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u9023\u9396\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3066\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e have\/has\/had \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u631f\u307e\u305a\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u526f\u8a5e\u985e\u306e\u307f\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306b\u305d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001have + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001have \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08O\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\uff08C\uff09\u304c\u5f8c\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4f7f\u5f79\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u306e\u69cb\u6587\uff08have + O + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u3068\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The specialized research team has completed the comprehensive investigation.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001has \u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e The specialized research team \u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e completed \u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e the comprehensive investigation \u3068\u76f4\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af has completed \u304c\u753b\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The economic analysts had anticipated the market decline long before the crisis occurred.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001had \u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e anticipated \u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6642\u70b9\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306b\u751f\u3058\u305f\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u8868\u3059\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u8ff0\u8a9e had anticipated \u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The laboratory had the sophisticated instruments calibrated by an external agency.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001had + calibrated \u306e\u9023\u9396\u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3068\u65e9\u5408\u70b9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3046\u3002had \u3068 calibrated \u306e\u9593\u306b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e the sophisticated instruments \u304c\u4ecb\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f have + O + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\uff08\u4f7f\u5f79\u30fb\u4f7f\u5f79\u7684\u53d7\u52d5\uff09\u306e\u7b2c\uff15\u6587\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8a02\u6b63\u30fb\u5224\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;Several prominent scholars have recently published groundbreaking papers on quantum mechanics.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u526f\u8a5e recently \u304c\u4ecb\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001has\/have \u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e published \u306e\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\u306f\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001have published \u304c\u4e00\u4f53\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e have \u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bhave been + \u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u968e\u5c64<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306f\u300chave been \u301cing \u3068\u3044\u3046\u9577\u3005\u3057\u3044\u516c\u5f0f\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u6697\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u300c\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\uff08have + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u9032\u884c\u76f8\uff08be + \u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3075\u305f\u3064\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff08have been + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u3068\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u898b\u5206\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e have \u304c be\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e been \u306e\u5f62\u306b\u5c48\u6298\u3055\u305b\u3066\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u305d\u306e been \u304c\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e -ing \u306b\u5c48\u6298\u3055\u305b\u3066\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8907\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u78ba\u5b9a\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001have been \u3092\u542b\u3080\u8907\u5408\u7684\u306a\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u5074\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e have\/has\/had \u304b\u3089 been \u307e\u3067\u306e\u9023\u9396\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001been \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u614b\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\uff08-ing\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\uff08-ed\/\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u5f62\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u306e\u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u53d7\u52d5\u306e\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ff0\u8a9e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The meteorological institute has been monitoring seismic activity in the coastal area.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001has been \u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b monitoring \u304c\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e seismic activity \u3092\u5f93\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Archaeologists had been searching for the ancient ruins for decades before the breakthrough.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001had been + searching \u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u304c\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u307e\u3067\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8b58\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The historical documents have been examining by the preservation committee.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001have been examining \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e The historical documents \u304c\u300c\u8abf\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u300d\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u5ba2\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u3064\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62 have been examined \u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u7b87\u6240\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u9032\u884c\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u6df7\u540c\u304c\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;International organizations have been collaborating on global health initiatives since the outbreak.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e collaborate \u304c\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066 been \u3068\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5 on&#8230; \u3092\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u9069\u6cd5\u306a\u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u304c\u6301\u3064\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"21579\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u9023\u52d5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3092\u3068\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3082\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u300d\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u6642\u5236\u6c7a\u5b9a\u304c\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u62d8\u675f\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u672c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u9023\u52d5\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u771f\u7406\u3084\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u306a\u3044\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u4e3b\u7bc0\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306f\u300c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306a\u3089\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u3082\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306a\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u898f\u5247\u300d\u3068\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u898f\u5247\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u6642\uff08\u73fe\u5728\uff09\u304b\u3089\u904e\u53bb\u3078\u3068\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u304c\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u3082\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u306b\u540c\u671f\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff08said, thought, discovered \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u3068\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3078\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3084\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff08\u5927\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u3078\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e will, can, may \u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c would, could, might \u3078\u3068\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u9023\u52d5\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7bc0\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u306b\u5373\u3057\u3066\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u6642\u5236\u5909\u5316\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u30fb\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8907\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u7bc0\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u5236\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6642\u5236\u62d8\u675f\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001that \u7bc0\u306a\u3069\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u307e\u305f\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3078\u306e\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u304c\u9069\u6cd5\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08would, could \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3001\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u904e\u53bb\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u76f4\u8aac\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u4e3b\u7bc0\u3068\u306e\u6642\u9593\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The lead investigator announced that the experimental results confirmed the original theory.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e announced \u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e confirmed \u306f\u4e3b\u7bc0\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u540c\u6642\u7684\u4e8b\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306b\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u5206\u6790\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The committee recognized that the economic crisis had severely impacted small businesses.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e recognized\uff08\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u524d\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5148\u884c\u4e8b\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62 had severely impacted \u3078\u306e\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The spokesperson claimed that the company will launch the new product next month.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e claimed \u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u3067\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e will \u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u306b\u9023\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u3066 would launch \u3068\u904e\u53bb\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3079\u304d\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;Economists believed that the international trade agreement would promote regional stability.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e believed\uff08\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e will \u304c would \u3078\u3068\u904e\u53bb\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8abf\u548c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u3068\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u9593\u3067\u9023\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u771f\u7406\u30fb\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u5f62\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u306f\u300c\u4f8b\u5916\u4e8b\u9805\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e38\u6697\u8a18\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306a\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u300d\u3068\u7121\u6279\u5224\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u306a\u305c\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5165\u8a66\u9577\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3084\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u771f\u306e\u6587\u8108\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u81ea\u7136\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3084\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u771f\u7406\u306f\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u3092\u8d85\u8d8a\u3057\u3066\u5e38\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306f\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u4e0a\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u4e8b\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3078\u306e\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u305a\u5358\u7d14\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u6642\u5236\u62d8\u675f\u3088\u308a\u3082\u4e8b\u8c61\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7d76\u5bfe\u6027\u304c\u512a\u5148\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3001\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u771f\u7406\u3001\u3053\u3068\u308f\u3056\u300d\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5e74\u53f7\u3084\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u300d\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5206\u985e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u8005\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236\u304c\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The professor explained that light travels faster than sound in any medium.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e explained \u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u300c\u5149\u306f\u97f3\u3088\u308a\u901f\u304f\u9032\u3080\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305a\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 travels \u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The textbook stated that the industrial revolution began in Britain in the eighteenth century.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e stated \u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7523\u696d\u9769\u547d\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u306f\u5e74\u4ee3\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5927\u904e\u53bb had begun \u3068\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u5358\u7d14\u904e\u53bb\u5f62 began \u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The ancient philosopher taught that virtue was knowledge.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0 taught\uff08\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3066\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62 was \u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u300c\u5fb3\u306f\u77e5\u8b58\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u666e\u904d\u7684\u502b\u7406\u547d\u984c\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 is \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;Scientists demonstrated that water boils at a lower temperature at high altitudes.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6a19\u9ad8\u3068\u6cb8\u70b9\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3044\u3046\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0 demonstrated\uff08\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u3067\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 boils \u304c\u9069\u683c\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4f8b\u5916\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u672a\u6765\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6642\u30fb\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3067\u8868\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u4e0a\u3067\u306e\u6975\u3081\u3066\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\uff08when, if, as soon as, unless \u7b49\uff09\u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u672a\u6765\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e will \u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u540c\u5f62\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u5c0e\u304f\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3084\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff09\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u3068\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3001\u7bc0\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u6a5f\u80fd\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u672a\u6765\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u53ef\u5426\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u6642\u30fb\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306b\u3088\u308b\u672a\u6765\u4ee3\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u672a\u6765\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u300c\u6642\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3067\u306fwill\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6697\u8a18\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u6271\u308f\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u6642\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u7bc0\u304c\u300c\u5c06\u6765\u305d\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u72b6\u6cc1\u300d\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u524d\u63d0\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3064\u70b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u3084\u610f\u5fd7\uff08will\uff09\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u304c\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3064\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u30fb\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u571f\u53f0\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u4e88\u6e2c\u3092\u8868\u3059 will \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u30fb\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u91cd\u8907\u3068\u306a\u308a\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8981\u8acb\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u6587\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u5206\u6790\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u30fb\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\uff08when, if, before, after, until, as soon as \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7bc0\u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e will \u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u305b\u305a\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\uff08\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570\u73fe\u5728 -s \u3092\u542b\u3080\uff09\u307e\u305f\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u672a\u6765\u8868\u73fe\uff08will, shall, \u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u7b49\uff09\u3068\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3068\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9023\u52d5\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;We will commence the formal negotiations as soon as the representatives arrive in Geneva.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001as soon as \u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u7bc0\u306f\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e will commence \u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u6642\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u5230\u7740\u3092\u8868\u3059\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 arrive \u304c\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The project will not proceed to the next phase unless the director approves the budget.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e unless \u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u884c\u70ba\u304c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 approves \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9069\u6cd5\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;If the climate will continue to deteriorate, agricultural production will decrease significantly.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e if \u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e will \u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001if the climate continues to deteriorate \u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;The regulatory authority will release the final report when the independent investigation is completed.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e when \u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 is completed \u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u672a\u6765\u5b8c\u4e86\u7684\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u6642\u9593\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u628a\u63e1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6642\u30fb\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u904b\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u30fb\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bwill\u306e\u751f\u8d77\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5224\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">when \u3084 if \u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b will \u306e\u53ef\u5426\u306f\u300cwhen\u3084if\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3089\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306b\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e71\u66b4\u306a\u5358\u7d14\u5316\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8aa4\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u983b\u767a\u3059\u308b\u9818\u57df\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002when \u7bc0\u3084 if \u7bc0\u304c\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7bc0\u306f\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u306a\u4e8b\u8c61\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u53d9\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e will \u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u5fc5\u9808\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u7bc0\u304c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\uff08S, O, C \u3068\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304b\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304b\uff09\u3092\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001when\/if \u7bc0\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3057 will \u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001when\/if \u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08know, ask, wonder, doubt \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u4fee\u98fe\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u6642\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\uff08the time, the day \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u3044\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u6587\u578b\u304c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u304b\u3001\u6587\u578b\u304c\u5b8c\u7d50\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u8868\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e will \u304c\u9069\u683c\u306b\u751f\u8d77\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The committee has not yet decided when they will publish the annual financial report.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001when \u7bc0\u306f\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e decided \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u516c\u8868\u4e88\u5b9a\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e will \u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9069\u6cd5\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The delegates asked if the proposed treaty will resolve the long-standing dispute.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001if \u7bc0\u304c\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e asked \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08\u300c\u301c\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4e88\u6e2c\u3068\u3057\u3066 will resolve \u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u751f\u8d77\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;I will inform you of the decision when the board of directors will conclude the meeting.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001when \u7bc0\u304c\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e inform \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08\u300c\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u6642\u306b\u300d\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e will conclude \u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001concludes \u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;There will come a day when renewable energy will replace fossil fuels entirely.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001when \u7bc0\u306f\u5148\u884c\u8a5e a day \u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u53d9\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081 will replace \u306e\u751f\u8d77\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u59a5\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5206\u6790\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u7bc0\u69cb\u9020\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u30fb\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u672a\u6765\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5224\u5225\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6642\u5236\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u5f62\u3068\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u30fb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\uff08\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u3068\u6642\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u540c\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M12]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e have \u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u6210\u3059\u8ff0\u8a9e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u3068\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9023\u9396\u898f\u5247\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\uff08\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u30fb\u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u5206\u6790\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3084\u5426\u5b9a\u30fb\u5012\u7f6e\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u30fb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u898f\u5247\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\uff08\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u76f8\u306e\u8907\u5408\u8ff0\u8a9e\u8b58\u5225\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"21579\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u610f\u5473\uff1a\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3068\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u89e3\u91c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u4f53\u7cfb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6642\u5236\uff08Tense\uff09\u3068\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\uff08Aspect\uff09\u306f\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u4e0a\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5185\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5ea6\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306b\u7ffb\u8a33\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3092\u4e00\u5f8b\u306b\u300c\u301c\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3092\u4e00\u5f8b\u306b\u300c\u301c\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3068\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u8868\u3059\u6642\u9593\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3084\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u30fb\u672a\u6765\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u898f\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u30fb\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u6349\u3048\u65b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7d71\u8a9e\u5c64\u3067\u7fd2\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u8b58\u5225\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3001\u6642\u5236\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3001\u76f8\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e4\u7528\u6cd5\u306e\u6839\u5e95\u306b\u3042\u308b\u5171\u901a\u610f\u5473\u57fa\u76e4\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u610f\u5473\u5c64\u3067\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91c8\u529b\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u8a9e\u7528\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3084\u767a\u8a71\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u63a8\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u571f\u53f0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u8868\u3059\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u30fb\u7fd2\u6163<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u79f0\u306f\u300c\u3044\u307e\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u52d5\u4f5c\u300d\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3068\u8aa4\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u304c\u3001\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u300c\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u3092\u542b\u3080\u7121\u6642\u9593\u7684\u30fb\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u300d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u6301\u305f\u305a\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u30fb\u73fe\u5728\u30fb\u672a\u6765\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u3084\u898f\u5247\u7684\u306a\u53cd\u5fa9\u7fd2\u6163\u3092\u8868\u3059\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u96fb\u8eca\u306e\u6642\u523b\u8868\u3084\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u78ba\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u306a\u305c\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u5f97\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u767a\u8a71\u6642\u3092\u8d85\u8d8a\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u30fb\u53cd\u5fa9\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u306e\u8868\u51fa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306f\u300c\u3044\u307e\u73fe\u5728\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5f62\u5f0f\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u9032\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u4f5c\u306f\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304c\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u300c\u6628\u65e5\u3082\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u3082\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u660e\u65e5\u3082\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u9593\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff08\u7121\u6642\u9593\u6027\uff09\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u3001\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u771f\u7406\u3001\u8077\u696d\u3084\u6240\u5c5e\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u898f\u5247\u7684\u306b\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5883\u754c\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u6301\u3064\u3053\u306e\u300c\u6052\u5e38\u6027\u30fb\u666e\u904d\u6027\u300d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u57fa\u76e4\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u9375\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u610f\u5473\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u610f\u5473\uff08\u72b6\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u304b\u52d5\u4f5c\u52d5\u8a5e\u304b\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u7684\u6301\u7d9a\u6027\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u983b\u5ea6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\uff08always, usually, regularly \u7b49\uff09\u3084\u4e00\u822c\u6cd5\u5247\u3092\u793a\u3059\u6587\u8108\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u30fb\u53cd\u5fa9\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u306e\u307f\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u547d\u984c\u3092\u6349\u3048\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u6642\u5236\u306b\u3068\u3089\u308f\u308c\u305a\u306b\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3084\u53cd\u5fa9\u7fd2\u6163\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius under standard atmospheric pressure.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e freezes \u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306f\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u30fb\u73fe\u5728\u30fb\u672a\u6765\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5e38\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u30fb\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The professor lectures on constitutional law every Tuesday morning.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001\u983b\u5ea6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5 every Tuesday morning \u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 lectures \u304c\u5171\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5358\u767a\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u53cd\u5fa9\u7684\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u8077\u52d9\u304c\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Look! The train arrives at the platform right now.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u9032\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u5358\u7d14\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 arrives \u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3044\u307e\u76ee\u6483\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u52d5\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u884c\u5f62 is arriving \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u4e8b\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8a02\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u6052\u5e38\u6027\u3068\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306e\u4e00\u6642\u6027\u306e\u5883\u754c\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;Digital encryption algorithms secure sensitive financial transactions across global networks.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 secure \u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u53d6\u5f15\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u306b\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u628a\u63e1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u6301\u3064\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u30fb\u666e\u904d\u7684\u610f\u5473\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e88\u5b9a\u3092\u8868\u3059\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u76e4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u8868\u3059\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u3057\u3066 will \u3084 be going to \u304c\u60f3\u8d77\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u304c\u3001\u516c\u5f0f\u306a\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3084\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6642\u9593\u8868\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u300c\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u65e2\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u304c\u306a\u3044\u65e2\u5b9a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3084\u6642\u523b\u8868\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3084\u4e88\u6e2c\uff08will\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3086\u3048\u306b\u3001\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u8c61\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u76e4\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3067\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u672a\u6765\u3092\u793a\u3059\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\uff08tomorrow, next week, at 8:00 PM \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u5171\u8d77\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304a\u3088\u3073\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8868\u3059\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u300c\u4ea4\u901a\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u30c0\u30a4\u30e4\u3001\u516c\u7684\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u88c1\u91cf\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u5909\u66f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6c72\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u3001\u78ba\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\u3092\u8868\u3059\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The international symposium opens on October 15th according to the official schedule.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 opens \u304c\u672a\u6765\u671f\u65e5\u3092\u793a\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3001\u516c\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u65e2\u5b9a\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u53d9\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The express train for London departs from platform four at nine tomorrow morning.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001departs \u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u6642\u523b\u8868\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u4ea4\u901a\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3001\u5909\u66f4\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u304c\u306a\u3044\u78ba\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;I decide to accept the job offer next Monday.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u79c1\u7684\u306a\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 decide \u3067\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u610f\u5fd7\u3084\u4e88\u5b9a\u306f will decide \u307e\u305f\u306f am going to decide \u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u6587\u8108\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u9069\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e88\u5b9a\u306e\u5883\u754c\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;The fiscal year ends on March 31st, whereupon the annual audit begins.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001ends \u304a\u3088\u3073 begins \u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306f\u3001\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u898f\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u65e5\u7a0b\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u78ba\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\u3092\u8868\u3059\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u904b\u7528\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u8868\u3059\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u3068\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u65ad\u7d76<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306f\u5358\u306b\u300c\u6614\u306e\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u306f\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u3068\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u9593\u9818\u57df\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u300d\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u6587\u6cd5\u6a19\u8b58\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u6301\u3064\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u3068\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u65ad\u7d76\u300d\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3068\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u3092\u793a\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u306e\u5171\u8d77\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7fd2\u6163\u3084\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u65e2\u306b\u7d42\u606f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u904e\u53bb\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e8b\u8c61\u3068\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u975e\u95a2\u9023\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306f\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8868\u3059\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u300e\u301c\u3057\u305f\u300f\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3082\u306e\u300d\u3068\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u6301\u3064\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u5b8c\u7d50\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u3068\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u9593\u7684\u65ad\u7d76\u306e\u5ba3\u8a00\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u306b\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u5bc4\u305b\u308b\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306f\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u6642\u9593\u67a0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5c01\u3058\u8fbc\u3081\u308b\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u306b yesterday, in 1990, when I was young \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u6642\u3092\u793a\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u8a9e\u53e5\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e\u307f\u304c\u5171\u8d77\u3092\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3053\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u65ad\u7d76\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u70b9\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08ago, last year, then \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u67a0\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8868\u3059\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u3068\u306f\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a00\u53ca\u3092\u542b\u307e\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3068\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u6301\u7d9a\u3084\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u6b8b\u5b58\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u305f\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u547d\u984c\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The prominent architectural firm designed the municipal library in 1985.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62 designed \u306f in 1985 \u3068\u3044\u3046\u78ba\u5b9a\u904e\u53bb\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3001\u8a2d\u8a08\u884c\u70ba\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u7684\u306b\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The diplomat lived in Geneva for ten years before moving to Paris.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001lived \u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30b8\u30e5\u30cd\u30fc\u30d6\u3067\u306e\u5c45\u4f4f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u614b\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u305d\u3053\u306b\u5c45\u4f4f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u9593\u7684\u65ad\u7d76\u304c\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The government has enacted the comprehensive tax reform law two years ago.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001two years ago \u3068\u3044\u3046\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u70b9\u3092\u793a\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62 has enacted \u3092\u5171\u8d77\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3092\u72af\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3092\u904e\u53bb\u5f62 enacted \u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u3068\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u904e\u53bb\u4e8b\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u304c\u56de\u5fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;During the nineteenth century, steam engines powered the majority of industrial manufacturing plants.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001powered \u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u52d5\u529b\u6e90\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u53d9\u8ff0\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u52d5\u529b\u4e8b\u60c5\u3068\u306f\u65ad\u7d76\u3057\u305f\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u6301\u3064\u6642\u9593\u7684\u65ad\u7d76\u306e\u610f\u5473\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u30fb\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u628a\u63e1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u53cd\u5fa9\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3084\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4e00\u56de\u9650\u308a\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e00\u5b9a\u671f\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u3082\u306f\u3084\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u4e8b\u5b9f\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002used to \u3084 would \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5358\u7d14\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6587\u8108\u3084\u983b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7fd2\u6163\u3084\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3082\u6839\u5e95\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u3068\u306e\u65ad\u7d76\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u5f53\u6642\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u4eca\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u542b\u610f\u304c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u30fb\u7fd2\u6163\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u3092\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u9577\u6587\u306e\u6587\u8108\u628a\u63e1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u8868\u3059\u7fd2\u6163\u30fb\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u671f\u9593\uff08in those days, during his tenure \u7b49\uff09\u3084\u53cd\u5fa9\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8868\u3059\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5b9a\u5e38\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u3084\u53cd\u5fa9\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u56de\u7684\u306a\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3084\u7fd2\u6163\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u65e2\u306b\u7d42\u4e86\u30fb\u6d88\u6ec5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u6587\u8108\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6642\u9593\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;During his presidency, the administration maintained strict fiscal discipline across all departments.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001maintained \u306f\u5728\u4efb\u671f\u9593\u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u9593\u67a0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6301\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u30fb\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;In the pre-digital era, researchers gathered empirical data through manual field surveys.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001gathered \u304c\u304b\u3064\u3066\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u53cd\u5fa9\u7684\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u6cd5\u30fb\u7fd2\u6163\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3068\u306f\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u6163\u884c\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;She loved classical literature when she was a university student, and she still reads it every day.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u534a\u306e loved \u306f\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u611b\u8aad\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u5358\u7d14\u904e\u53bb\u5f62 loved \u304c\u73fe\u5728\u3068\u306e\u65ad\u7d76\u3092\u5f37\u304f\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u55dc\u597d\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u6587\u8108\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8abf\u6574\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u5206\u6790\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;The ancient civilization flourished along the fertile river valley for several centuries.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001flourished \u306f\u6570\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u6301\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u7e41\u6804\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u9589\u3058\u305f\u6642\u9593\u9818\u57df\u5185\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d9\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u8868\u3059\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7fd2\u6163\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"21579\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c\u6349\u3048\u308b\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u7d99\u7d9a\u3068\u672a\u5b8c\u4e86\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9032\u884c\u76f8\uff08be + -ing\uff09\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u4e0a\u306e\u300c\u5916\u5074\u300d\u304b\u3089\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u773a\u3081\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u300c\u5185\u5074\u300d\u306b\u5165\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u305d\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u4e2d\u306e\u52d5\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3092\u5207\u308a\u53d6\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u300c\u4e00\u6642\u6027\uff08\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\uff09\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u672a\u5b8c\u4e86\u6027\uff08\u307e\u3060\u7d42\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\uff09\u300d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5358\u7d14\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3068\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u3084\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u8fd1\u63a5\u672a\u6765\u3084\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u3092\u8868\u3059\u62e1\u5f35\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u306e\u610f\u5473\u57fa\u76e4\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u8996\u70b9\u3068\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u5c55\u958b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306f\u300c\u5358\u306b\u301c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u300d\u3068\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u70b9\u3068\u7d42\u4e86\u70b9\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300c\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u300d\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u308b\u5185\u90e8\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u30fb\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5358\u7d14\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3068\u306f\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306b\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u306f\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u7d42\u4e86\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u9593\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306b\u5185\u5305\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u304c\u767a\u8a71\u6642\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u73fe\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u4e2d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u304b\u3064\u672a\u5b8c\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u3053\u306e\u52d5\u7684\u30fb\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u6a19\u8b58\uff08be + -ing\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u8996\u70b9\u304c\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u6d3b\u52d5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u307e\u305f\u306f\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u672a\u5b8c\u4e86\u306e\u307e\u307e\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u52d5\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5358\u7d14\u5f62\u3068\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3057\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u5909\u5316\u30fb\u8a66\u307f\u30fb\u904e\u6e21\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The pharmaceutical corporation is currently developing a novel vaccine to combat the infection.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001is developing \u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u958b\u767a\u884c\u70ba\u304c\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u306e\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u306b\u5411\u3051\u305f\u904e\u6e21\u7684\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;When the inspector entered the facility, the technicians were conducting a routine safety audit.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001were conducting \u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c\u3001\u8abf\u67fb\u5b98\u306e\u7acb\u3061\u5165\u308a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u77ac\u9593\u7684\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u76e3\u67fb\u4f5c\u696d\u304c\u5f53\u6642\u672a\u5b8c\u4e86\u306e\u307e\u307e\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u52d5\u7684\u5834\u9762\u3092\u518d\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The Earth is revolving around the Sun once every 365 days.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5730\u7403\u306e\u516c\u8ee2\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3092\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u884c\u76f8 is revolving \u3067\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5929\u4f53\u306e\u904b\u884c\u3092\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u904e\u6e21\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63cf\u5199\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5358\u7d14\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 revolves \u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;Due to ongoing renovations, the museum is operating under modified business hours this month.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001is operating \u306f\u4eca\u6708\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u671f\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5909\u5247\u7684\u55b6\u696d\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c\u6301\u3064\u5185\u90e8\u8996\u70b9\u3068\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u7d99\u7d9a\u306e\u610f\u5473\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u8fd1\u63a5\u672a\u6765\u306e\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u4e88\u5b9a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u9032\u884c\u76f8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u8fd1\u63a5\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e88\u5b9a\u3084\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u611f\u60c5\uff08\u9a5a\u304d\u3001\u975e\u96e3\u3001\u82db\u7acb\u3061\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u62e1\u5f35\u7684\u306b\u904b\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672a\u6765\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u5b9f\u73fe\u306b\u5411\u3051\u305f\u6e96\u5099\u3084\u624b\u914d\u304c\u300c\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u65e2\u306b\u9032\u884c\u30fb\u7a3c\u50cd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u611f\u899a\u306b\u6839\u3056\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u610f\u5fd7\u672a\u6765\u3088\u308a\u3082\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001always \u3084 constantly \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u983b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u5171\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u898f\u5247\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u306e\u67a0\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u300c\u3042\u307e\u308a\u306b\u3082\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u614b\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u6349\u3048\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u672a\u6765\u526f\u8a5e\u304c\u5171\u8d77\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f always \u306a\u3069\u306e\u5f37\u8abf\u526f\u8a5e\u304c\u5171\u8d77\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672a\u6765\u526f\u8a5e\u304c\u5171\u8d77\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u4e8b\u524d\u306e\u624b\u914d\u30fb\u6e96\u5099\u304c\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u8fd1\u63a5\u672a\u6765\u4e88\u5b9a\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u983b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u304c\u5171\u8d77\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u53cd\u5fa9\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u9a5a\u304d\u3084\u82db\u7acb\u3061\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u771f\u610f\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The Prime Minister is meeting the foreign ambassadors tomorrow morning to finalize the treaty.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001is meeting \u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c tomorrow morning \u3068\u5171\u8d77\u3057\u3001\u4f1a\u8ac7\u306b\u5411\u3051\u305f\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u304c\u65e2\u306b\u5b8c\u4e86\u30fb\u9032\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u8fd1\u63a5\u672a\u6765\u4e88\u5b9a\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The software development team is releasing the updated security patch tonight.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001is releasing \u304c\u4eca\u591c\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u624b\u914d\u6e08\u307f\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;He constantly complains about the administrative procedures.&#8221; \u3068 &#8220;He is constantly complaining about the administrative procedures.&#8221; \u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u306e\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u6587\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u53cd\u5fa9\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u969b\u9650\u306e\u306a\u3044\u4e0d\u5e73\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u56f0\u60d1\u3084\u975e\u96e3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u3092\u542b\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u5206\u6790\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;My colleagues are flying to Tokyo next week to attend the international trade convention.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u5238\u306e\u624b\u914d\u3084\u65e5\u7a0b\u8abf\u6574\u304c\u65e2\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u672a\u6765\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u304c\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u304d\u751f\u304d\u3068\u53d9\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u4e88\u5b9a\u3084\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u89e3\u91c8\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u304c\u8868\u3059\u5148\u884c\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u95a2\u9023\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\uff08have + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\u30fb\u672a\u6765\uff09\u3088\u308a\u3082\u300c\u524d\u306b\u300d\u751f\u3058\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3084\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u300c\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u6b8b\u5b58\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8868\u3059\u6587\u6cd5\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u6587\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u30664\u7528\u6cd5\uff08\u5b8c\u4e86\u30fb\u7d50\u679c\u30fb\u7d4c\u9a13\u30fb\u7d99\u7d9a\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u6839\u5e95\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300c\u5148\u884c\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u610f\u5473\u57fa\u76e4\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304a\u3088\u3073\u672a\u6765\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u5b8c\u4e86\u30fb\u7d50\u679c\u30fb\u7d99\u7d9a\u30fb\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e4\u7528\u6cd5\u306e\u5171\u901a\u610f\u5473\u57fa\u76e4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306f\u300c\u5b8c\u4e86\u30fb\u7d50\u679c\u30fb\u7d99\u7d9a\u30fb\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e4\u3064\u306e\u516c\u5f0f\u3092\u4e38\u6697\u8a18\u3057\u3066\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u3081\u308b\u3082\u306e\u300d\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u30894\u3064\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u5225\u500b\u306b\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u610f\u5473\u30fb\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u539f\u7406\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u95a2\u9023\u6027\uff1aCurrent Relevance\uff09\u304b\u3089\u6d3e\u751f\u3057\u305f\u5c40\u9762\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u304c\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300c\u5b8c\u4e86\u30fb\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u307e\u3067\u53ca\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300c\u7d99\u7d9a\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300c\u7d4c\u9a13\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5171\u901a\u57fa\u76e4\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u67d4\u8edf\u3067\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u8aad\u89e3\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u3092\u5206\u6790\u30fb\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e have\/has + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u3088\u308a\u4ee5\u524d\u306b\u751f\u8d77\u3057\u305f\u5148\u884c\u4e8b\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5171\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\uff08already, just, ever, for ten years, since \u7b49\uff09\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u3001\u5148\u884c\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u6b8b\u5b58\u300d\u300c\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u300d\u300c\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u84c4\u7a4d\u300d\u306e\u3069\u306e\u5c40\u9762\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u300c\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The regulatory commission has published the revised safety guidelines.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001has published \u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6539\u8a02\u6307\u91dd\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6587\u66f8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u300d\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The senior researcher has lived in this remote region for more than two decades.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001for more than two decades \u3068\u3044\u3046\u671f\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u5728\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u5c45\u4f4f\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u9014\u5207\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u7d99\u7d9a\u300d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304c\u8868\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;I have seen the historical solar eclipse when I was a child.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001when I was a child \u3068\u3044\u3046\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e00\u6642\u70b9\u3092\u9650\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3092\u5171\u8d77\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u898f\u5247\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u3092\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u5834\u5408\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u904e\u53bb\u5f62 saw \u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;The global economy has undergone profound transformations since the inception of digital commerce.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001since \u53e5\uff08\u8d77\u70b9\uff09\u306b\u652f\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u8d77\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u5728\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306e\u5909\u9769\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u30fb\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u84c4\u7a4d\u3092\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e4\u7528\u6cd5\u306e\u6839\u5e95\u306b\u3042\u308b\u73fe\u5728\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304a\u3088\u3073\u672a\u6765\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3068\u610f\u5473\u89e3\u91c8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff08had + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u3084\u672a\u6765\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff08will have + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u306f\u3001\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u304b\u3089\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u70b9\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u672a\u6765\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u70b9\u300d\u3078\u3068\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3055\u3089\u306b\u524d\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u5148\u884c\u4e8b\u8c61\uff08\u5927\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u304c\u305d\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5f71\u97ff\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3001\u672a\u6765\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306f\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u5b8c\u4e86\u30fb\u7d99\u7d9a\u30fb\u7d4c\u9a13\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u7684\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6587\u8108\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u9593\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u904e\u53bb\u3078\u3068\u9061\u308b\u6642\u9593\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u8996\u70b9\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304a\u3088\u3073\u672a\u6765\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u6642\u9593\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u8108\u5185\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u3092\u793a\u3059\u6a19\u8b58\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u672c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001by next year \u306a\u3069\u306e\u672a\u6765\u671f\u65e5\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u4e0a\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u70b9\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001had + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u307e\u305f\u306f will have + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u305d\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u70b9\u3088\u308a\u3082\u524d\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u5148\u884c\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6642\u9593\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u6b8b\u5b58\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u3001\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u6587\u8108\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;By the time the rescue team arrived at the site, the floodwaters had submerged the entire residential district.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62 had submerged \u306f\u3001\u6551\u52a9\u968a\u306e\u5230\u7740\u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\uff08arrived\uff09\u3088\u308a\u3082\u524d\u306b\u51a0\u6c34\u304c\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u9593\u7684\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;By the end of this fiscal year, the manufacturing corporation will have completed the transition to renewable energy.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001will have completed \u304c\u4eca\u5e74\u5ea6\u672b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672a\u6765\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5909\u9769\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u5b8c\u4e86\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u4e88\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;When the conference began, the keynote speaker had already delivered his address.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4f1a\u8b70\u306e\u958b\u59cb\uff08began\uff09\u3088\u308a\u3082\u524d\u306b\u57fa\u8abf\u8b1b\u6f14\u304c\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u306a\u6642\u9593\u8a2d\u5b9a\u306f\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u793a\u3059\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u5148\u884c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;The archeological team had analyzed hundreds of ancient artifacts before they published their final monograph.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30e2\u30ce\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u51fa\u7248\uff08published\uff09\u306b\u5148\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u5206\u6790\u6d3b\u52d5\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304a\u3088\u3073\u672a\u6765\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u6642\u9593\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M21]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u6587\u8108\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u6642\u5236\u3068\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\uff08\u6587\u8108\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u9078\u629e\u3068\u6642\u9593\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u540c\u5b9a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M22]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u591a\u7fa9\u8a9e\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u7279\u6027\u3068\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u306e\u5171\u8d77\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\uff08\u591a\u7fa9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u7fa9\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3068\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u5224\u5225\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M24]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u672a\u77e5\u306e\u8a9e\u7fa9\u3092\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u63a8\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6642\u5236\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\uff08\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u610f\u5473\u63a8\u8ad6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"21579\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8a9e\u7528\uff1a\u6587\u8108\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u767a\u8a71\u610f\u56f3\u3068\u6642\u9593\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u6642\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u6307\u793a\u8a18\u53f7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u307f\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5bfe\u8a71\u6587\u3084\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u611f\u3084\u4e01\u5be7\u3055\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6587\u8108\u3084\u5bfe\u4eba\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3084\u767a\u8a71\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u63a8\u8ad6\u3057\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u542b\u610f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u610f\u5473\u5c64\u3067\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u6642\u5236\u30fb\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u304c\u6301\u3064\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u5316\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u8868\u51fa\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u304c\u5e2f\u3073\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u610f\u56f3\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u8a9e\u7528\u5c64\u3067\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6\u529b\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u8ac7\u8a71\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3084\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u8efd\u91cd\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u5206\u6790\u624b\u6bb5\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u304c\u6301\u3064\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3068\u4e01\u5be7\u8868\u73fe\u30fb\u5a49\u66f2\u8868\u73fe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u306a\u305c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e01\u5be7\u306a\u4f9d\u983c\u3084\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306a\u610f\u898b\u8868\u660e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u3044\u306f\u3001\u6642\u5236\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u4e0a\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u306e\u307f\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u304c\u3064\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u300c\u73fe\u5b9f\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u5316\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5a49\u66f2\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u771f\u610f\u3092\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u914d\u616e\u3084\u614e\u91cd\u306a\u63a8\u91cf\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u65ad\u5b9a\u3084\u6307\u793a\u3068\u6df7\u540c\u3059\u308b\u8aad\u89e3\u4e0a\u306e\u5931\u6557\u3092\u62db\u304f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6587\u8108\u7684\u8a3c\u62e0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u614b\u5ea6\u63a8\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5b9a\u7740\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306b\u3088\u308b\u73fe\u5b9f\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u5316\u3068\u4e01\u5be7\u306a\u4f9d\u983c\u30fb\u7591\u554f\u8868\u73fe<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306f\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u751f\u8d77\u3057\u305f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u6642\uff08\u73fe\u5728\uff09\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u73fe\u5b9f\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u308c\u308b\u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u300d\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4f9d\u983c\u3084\u8cea\u554f\u3092\u884c\u3046\u969b\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8981\u6c42\u304c\u76f8\u624b\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u4ecb\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u306a\u5f37\u5236\u529b\u3084\u4e0d\u8ebe\u306a\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u304b\u306d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff08wanted, wondered, was hoping \u7b49\uff09\u306b\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u3092\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u73fe\u5b9f\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f8c\u9000\u3057\u305f\u4eee\u60f3\u7684\u30fb\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u9818\u57df\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3001\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5727\u8feb\u3092\u7de9\u548c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u5316\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u4e01\u5be7\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u8aad\u89e3\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u4e01\u5be7\u30fb\u5a49\u66f2\u306e\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u63a8\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08wondered, wanted, hoped \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u53d9\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6587\u8108\u306b\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u5bfe\u8a71\u30fb\u8981\u6c42\u306e\u5834\u9762\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u304b\u3089\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u5bfe\u8a71\u5834\u9762\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u8981\u6c42\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3057\u3001\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u65ad\u308b\u4f59\u5730\u3092\u6b8b\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u5316\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u306e\u300c\u301c\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u53d9\u8ff0\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u3082\u3057\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u301c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u305f\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u4e01\u5be7\u306a\u4f9d\u983c\u30fb\u4f3a\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767a\u8a71\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;I wondered if you could review this draft proposal before tomorrow&#8217;s conference.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001wondered \u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u601d\u8003\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u5831\u544a\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8ca0\u62c5\u3092\u8efd\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u305f\u4e01\u5be7\u306a\u4f9d\u983c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;We were hoping that you might join our research consortium as a principal advisor.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u5f62 were hoping \u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u8981\u6c42\u3092\u5a49\u66f2\u5316\u3057\u3001\u76f8\u624b\u306e\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u627f\u8afe\u3092\u4fc3\u3059\u6975\u3081\u3066\u4e01\u5be7\u306a\u52e7\u8a98\u610f\u56f3\u304c\u8868\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;I wanted to ask you a question regarding the revised budget.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001wanted \u3092\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u8cea\u554f\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u4eca\u306f\u8cea\u554f\u3057\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5bfe\u8a71\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u898b\u5931\u3046\u3002\u767a\u8a71\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u8cea\u554f\u3092\u884c\u304a\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u6027\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u767a\u8a71\u610f\u56f3\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;Did you want me to prepare the statistical summary for the board meeting?&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e did \u306b\u3088\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306f\u3001\u76f8\u624b\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u610f\u5411\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u554f\u3044\u8a70\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u907f\u3051\u3001\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u914d\u616e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u4e01\u5be7\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u63a8\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff08could, would, might\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u63a8\u91cf\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3068\u5a49\u66f2\u8868\u73fe<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u306a\u305c\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff08could, would, might\uff09\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306a\u63a8\u91cf\u3084\u63d0\u6848\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u304c\u6301\u3064\u300c\u73fe\u5b9f\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u5316\u300d\u304c\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u300c\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u30fb\u65ad\u5b9a\u6027\u306e\u6e1b\u6bba\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\uff08can, will, may\uff09\u304c\u300c\u73fe\u5b9f\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u30fb\u610f\u5fd7\u300d\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff08could, would, might\uff09\u306f\u300c\u4eee\u306b\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u6574\u3048\u3070\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u30fb\u975e\u73fe\u5b9f\u7684\u306a\u4e16\u754c\u3078\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u5185\u5305\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u81ea\u5df1\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u8a3c\u62e0\u304c\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u306a\u63a8\u91cf\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306f\u65ad\u5b9a\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7de9\u885d\u6750\u3068\u3057\u3066\u904b\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5e30\u7d50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3068\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e could, would, might \u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u3084\u7fd2\u6163\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u30fb\u672a\u6765\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u63a8\u91cf\u3084\u63d0\u6848\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u30fb\u672a\u6765\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a00\u53ca\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u65ad\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u5f31\u3081\u3001\u53cd\u8ad6\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a00\u53ca\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u306e\u4f4e\u3055\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u30fb\u516c\u7684\u306a\u614e\u91cd\u3055\u306e\u8868\u51fa\u3068\u3057\u3066\u547d\u984c\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The experimental results would seem to suggest an alternative explanation for the anomaly.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001would \u306f\u65ad\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08suggests\uff09\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u56de\u907f\u3057\u3001\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u66ab\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u898b\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u5a49\u66f2\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;This methodological approach could provide a viable framework for analyzing complex social phenomena.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001could \u304c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3001\u4e07\u80fd\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3068\u3057\u3066\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3059\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3068\u3057\u3066\u614e\u91cd\u306b\u63d0\u6848\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The committee could implement the proposed policy immediately.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001could \u3092\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u5b9f\u65bd\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u77ed\u7d61\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u8a00\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u307e\u305f\u306f\u672a\u6765\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5b9f\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u63d0\u6848\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u8ad6\u8b70\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u614e\u91cd\u306a\u614b\u5ea6\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;Under certain circumstances, such regulatory interventions might lead to unintended economic distortions.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001might \u306f\u767a\u751f\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u65ad\u5b9a\u3092\u907f\u3051\u3066\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3092\u767a\u3059\u308b\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3068\u5a49\u66f2\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6\u624b\u9806\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"21579\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u4e00\u6642\u6027\u3068\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u8868\u51fa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u975e\u96e3\u3001\u82db\u7acb\u3061\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u914d\u616e\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u3068\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u306e\u4ea4\u5dee\u70b9\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c\u6301\u3064\u300c\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u8cea\u304c\u6587\u8108\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3084\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u3078\u3068\u62e1\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u53d9\u8ff0\u3068\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u308b\u5371\u967a\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6587\u8108\u7684\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u529b\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u6052\u5e38\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u30fb\u904e\u6e21\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u5316\u306f\u3001\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u306a\u9759\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u30fb\u904e\u6e21\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u614b\u3078\u3068\u8ee2\u63db\u3055\u305b\u308b\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u72b6\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u3092\u3068\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u300c\u305d\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u6052\u4e45\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u306b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3066\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001be\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u9032\u884c\u5f62\uff08is being + \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff09\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u5185\u5728\u7684\u306a\u6027\u683c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u3044\u307e\u73fe\u306b\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u614b\u5ea6\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u4f5c\u70ba\u30fb\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u3092\u8868\u51fa\u3057\u3001live \u3084 work \u3092\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u300c\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u4eee\u4f4f\u307e\u3044\u3084\u904e\u6e21\u7684\u52e4\u52d9\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u542b\u610f\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3084\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u63a8\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6765\u306f\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08be, live, understand, feel \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u9032\u884c\u76f8\uff08be + -ing\uff09\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c\u300c\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u904e\u6e21\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u30fb\u4f5c\u70ba\u7684\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u300d\u3092\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6587\u8108\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6052\u4e45\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3068\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3001\u300c\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u300d\u300c\u4eca\u3060\u3051\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u69d8\u5f0f\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767a\u8a71\u306e\u542b\u610f\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The professor is living in a temporary residence near the campus until the renovation is complete.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001is living \u3068\u3044\u3046\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u6052\u5e38\u7684\u306a\u5b9a\u4f4f\uff08lives\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6539\u4fee\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u5c45\u4f4f\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The negotiator is being extraordinarily cautious during this phase of the international talks.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001is being cautious \u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4ea4\u6e09\u8005\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3064\u304d\u614e\u91cd\u306a\u6027\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u5c40\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u614e\u91cd\u306a\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8868\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;He is being foolish to reject the compromise.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001is being \u3092\u300c\u5f7c\u306f\u611a\u304b\u306a\u4eba\u9593\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6052\u4e45\u7684\u306a\u4eba\u683c\u306e\u65ad\u5b9a\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u59a5\u5354\u6848\u3092\u62d2\u7d76\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u611a\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u6279\u5224\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;I am understanding the complex theoretical principles much better as the lecture series progresses.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001is understanding \u306f\u7406\u89e3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u72b6\u614b\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u304c\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306b\u9032\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u52d5\u7684\u30fb\u904e\u6e21\u7684\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u751f\u304d\u751f\u304d\u3068\u63cf\u5199\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u30fb\u4f5c\u70ba\u7684\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u611f\u60c5\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u3084\u6279\u5224\u30fb\u82db\u7acb\u3061\u3092\u542b\u610f\u3059\u308b\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306e\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u3068\u983b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u306e\u5171\u8d77\u306f\u300c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u9ad8\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u53cd\u5fa9\u52d5\u4f5c\u300d\u3068\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001always, constantly, forever \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u983b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u304c\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u3068\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u306f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u8a18\u9332\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u300c\u975e\u96e3\u3001\u82db\u7acb\u3061\u3001\u56f0\u60d1\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5f37\u3044\u8cde\u8cdb\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u3002\u5358\u7d14\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u898f\u5247\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u3092\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306f\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u3042\u305f\u304b\u3082\u9593\u65ad\u306a\u304f\u76ee\u306e\u524d\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5185\u90e8\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u300c\u5ea6\u3092\u8d8a\u3057\u3066\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u98fd\u548c\u611f\u304c\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u983b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u304b\u3089\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u542b\u610f\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b always, constantly, perpetually \u7b49\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u3068 be + -ing \u306e\u7d50\u5408\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u304c\u8a71\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u4e8b\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u8ff7\u60d1\u30fb\u4e0d\u90fd\u5408\u306a\u4e8b\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e0d\u90fd\u5408\u306a\u4e8b\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u300c\u6b62\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306e\u306a\u3044\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u82db\u7acb\u3061\u3084\u975e\u96e3\u300d\u3001\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u4e8b\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u300c\u9a5a\u5606\u3084\u597d\u610f\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u53d9\u8ff0\u3068\u5cfb\u5225\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The junior analyst is constantly raising irrelevant objections during our strategic meetings.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001is constantly raising \u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u767a\u8a00\u983b\u5ea6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4f1a\u8b70\u306e\u9032\u884c\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u308b\u57f7\u62d7\u306a\u7570\u8b70\u7533\u3057\u7acb\u3066\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u82db\u7acb\u3061\u3068\u6279\u5224\u3092\u542b\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;She is always helping underprivileged students without seeking any formal recognition.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001is always helping \u304c\u8cde\u8cdb\u3059\u3079\u304d\u5229\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u7d76\u3048\u9593\u306a\u3044\u7d99\u7d9a\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u6df1\u3044\u656c\u610f\u3068\u611f\u52d5\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The old machinery is always breaking down when we face tight production deadlines.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u6545\u969c\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u306e\u306f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7de0\u3081\u5207\u308a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u5c40\u9762\u3067\u983b\u767a\u3059\u308b\u6545\u969c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u4e0d\u6e80\u3068\u7d76\u671b\u611f\u304c\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8868\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;My roommate is forever forgetting to lock the front entrance after returning late at night.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001is forever forgetting \u306f\u9632\u72af\u4e0a\u306e\u4e0d\u5b89\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u53cd\u5fa9\u7684\u904e\u5931\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u5ea6\u91cd\u306a\u308b\u56f0\u60d1\u3068\u975e\u96e3\u3092\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u4f1d\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306e\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u767a\u8a71\u6642\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u3092\u898f\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u306e\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540c\u3058\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u306a\u305c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u3044\u306f\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u3069\u3053\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u6301\u3064\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u300d\u304c\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u8ee2\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7dca\u6025\u306e\u5831\u544a\u3001\u6210\u679c\u306e\u5f37\u8abf\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5bfe\u8a71\u76f8\u624b\u3078\u306e\u914d\u616e\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u4f1d\u9054\u3059\u308b\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u52d5\u6a5f\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u8a18\u9332\u3068\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u8a00\u53ca\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u8aad\u89e3\u529b\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u306e\u7dca\u6025\u6027\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3068\u306e\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u5bfe\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u6642\u9593\u7684\u306b\u9589\u3058\u305f\u9818\u57df\u306b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u8a18\u9332\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u306b\u3044\u307e\u3069\u3046\u3044\u3046\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u3042\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u767a\u8a71\u306e\u4e3b\u773c\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5bfe\u8a71\u3084\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u5831\u9053\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u4eca\u3059\u3050\u5bfe\u5fdc\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u4e8b\u614b\u300d\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 &#8220;I lost my passport.&#8221; \u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7d1b\u5931\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001&#8221;I have lost my passport.&#8221; \u306f\u300c\u3044\u307e\u624b\u5143\u306b\u306a\u304f\u3001\u56f0\u7aae\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u7dca\u6025\u4e8b\u614b\u3092\u8a34\u3048\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6642\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u4f1d\u9054\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5358\u7d14\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304c\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3088\u308a\u3082\u300c\u305d\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u30fb\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u306b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u304c\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u5834\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4f55\u304c\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3092\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u88dc\u5b8c\u3057\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u771f\u610f\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The security system has detected an unauthorized access attempt in the mainframe.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001has detected \u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u691c\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u5371\u967a\u306b\u6652\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7dca\u6025\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3092\u4f1d\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The lead negotiator has finally signed the comprehensive bilateral trade agreement.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001has signed \u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u3001\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u4ea4\u6e09\u306e\u672b\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u5354\u5b9a\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6210\u679c\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u6027\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The research team discovered a significant flaw in the original data set.&#8221; \u3068 &#8220;The research team has discovered a significant flaw in the original data set.&#8221; \u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u524d\u8005\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u53f2\u306e\u8a18\u9332\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u306f\u300c\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u5206\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u898b\u76f4\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76f4\u8fd1\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3078\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u3092\u542b\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u5206\u6790\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;We have updated the server software to prevent further vulnerabilities.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001have updated \u306f\u66f4\u65b0\u4f5c\u696d\u306e\u5b8c\u4e86\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u304c\u5b89\u5168\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u56de\u5fa9\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b89\u5fc3\u611f\u3092\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u6587\u8108\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u7dca\u6025\u6027\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u306e\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u904b\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u7d4c\u9a13\u30fb\u5b8c\u4e86\u306e\u5b8c\u4e86\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5e2f\u3073\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3068\u6587\u8108\u7684\u542b\u610f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u306a\u305c\u8a71\u8005\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e00\u56de\u7684\u306a\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u306e\u300c\u7d4c\u9a13\u300d\u3084\u300c\u5b8c\u4e86\u300d\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u8a9e\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u81ea\u5df1\u306e\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u8cc7\u683c\u3001\u77e5\u898b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u72b6\u614b\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001&#8221;I have read that report.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u767a\u8a71\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u8aad\u4e86\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u544a\u3052\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u81ea\u5206\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u719f\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u8cc7\u683c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001already \u3084 yet \u3092\u4f34\u3046\u5b8c\u4e86\u8868\u73fe\u306f\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u4e8b\u614b\u306e\u9032\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u62b1\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u4e88\u60f3\u3088\u308a\u65e9\u3044\u300d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u671f\u5f85\u306b\u53cd\u3057\u3066\u9045\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5e30\u7d50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u6587\u8108\u7684\u542b\u610f\u3068\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u7d4c\u9a13\uff08have ever\/never \u7b49\uff09\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5b8c\u4e86\uff08already, yet \u7b49\uff09\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u304c\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u306e\u6709\u8cc7\u683c\u6027\u30fb\u77e5\u898b\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u300d\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u4e8b\u614b\u306e\u9032\u6357\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u300c\u671f\u5f85\u3068\u306e\u4e56\u96e2\uff08\u6e80\u8db3\u3084\u4e0d\u6e80\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u81ea\u5df1\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3084\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The senior economist has experienced multiple severe financial crises during her extensive career.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001has experienced \u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u5217\u6319\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5f7c\u5973\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u6df7\u4e71\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5353\u8d8a\u3057\u305f\u898b\u8b58\u3068\u52a9\u8a00\u8cc7\u683c\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7acb\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The special committee has already submitted its final recommendations to the prime minister.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001already \u3092\u4f34\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u3001\u4e8b\u614b\u306e\u8fc5\u901f\u306a\u9032\u5c55\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6e80\u8db3\u611f\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u5074\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u72b6\u6cc1\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The regulatory board has not yet released the environmental assessment report.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001has not yet released \u3092\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u306a\u672a\u5b8c\u4e86\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u6349\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u516c\u8868\u304c\u9045\u5ef6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u6279\u5224\u7684\u61f8\u5ff5\u3084\u3001\u8fc5\u901f\u306a\u958b\u793a\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u5727\u529b\u304c\u542b\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;I have examined the statistical methodology employed in this study, and find it sound.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001have examined \u306f\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\uff08find it sound\uff09\u3092\u4e0b\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5341\u5206\u306a\u691c\u8a3c\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u306e\u5c65\u884c\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5e2f\u3073\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3068\u6587\u8108\u7684\u542b\u610f\u3092\u63a8\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M37]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3084\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5a49\u66f2\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u9593\u63a5\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\uff08\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u767a\u8a71\u610f\u56f3\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u3068\u8ddd\u96e2\u5316\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M40]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u9032\u884c\u76f8\u3084\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u542b\u610f\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u542b\u610f\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u533a\u5225\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\uff08\u6587\u8108\u7684\u542b\u610f\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u3068\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u540c\u5b9a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M43]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u4e01\u5be7\u3055\u3084\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u306e\u6642\u5236\u9078\u629e\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5834\u9762\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u8868\u73fe\u9078\u629e\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6587\u8108\u3068\u5f85\u9047\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u7167\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"21579\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8ac7\u8a71\uff1a\u6bb5\u843d\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3068\u69cb\u9020\u628a\u63e1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u3054\u3068\u306b\u6642\u5236\u304c\u63a8\u79fb\u3057\u3001\u56de\u60f3\u3084\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u304c\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u70b9\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3046\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306b\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u500b\u3005\u306e\u6587\u306e\u6642\u5236\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3092\u884c\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8ac7\u8a71\u6a19\u8b58\u3084\u6642\u5236\u30fb\u76f8\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6642\u9593\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u72c2\u3044\u306a\u304f\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u8a9e\u7528\u5c64\u3067\u7fd2\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u30fb\u8996\u70b9\u79fb\u52d5\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u529b\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3001\u8ac7\u8a71\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3001\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u89e3\u9664\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ac7\u8a71\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3001\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u6642\u5236\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u7684\u7d71\u5408\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u628a\u63e1\u529b\u306f\u3001\u5165\u8a66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8907\u6587\u3084\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u8fc5\u901f\u304b\u3064\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u6226\u7684\u904b\u7528\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u5b9f\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u8ac7\u8a71\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3068\u6642\u5236\u306e\u63a8\u79fb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9577\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6642\u5236\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u672a\u6765\u3078\u3068\u63a8\u79fb\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u3069\u3053\u304c\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u63b4\u3080\u4e0a\u3067\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u3084\u7269\u8a9e\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u305f\u308b\u53d9\u8ff0\u6642\u5236\uff08\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u3084\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u73fe\u5728\uff09\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u624b\u9806\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3046\u3068\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u73fe\u72b6\u8a8d\u8b58\u3068\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3059\u308b\u8aad\u89e3\u4e0a\u306e\u5931\u6557\u3092\u62db\u304f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8ac7\u8a71\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u7269\u8a9e\u30fb\u8ad6\u8aac\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u57fa\u672c\u6642\u5236\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u53d9\u8ff0\u3068\u904e\u53bb\u53d9\u8ff0\uff09\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u3068\u8ac7\u8a71\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6642\u5236\u306e\u628a\u63e1\u306f\u300c\u500b\u3005\u306e\u6587\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8ac7\u8a71\u5206\u6790\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6642\u5236\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u7d71\u62ec\u3059\u308b\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u53d9\u8ff0\u6642\u5236\uff08Story-Now \/ Discourse-Baseline\uff09\u300d\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3084\u666e\u904d\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3092\u57fa\u70b9\u3068\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u5728\u53d9\u8ff0\u304c\u57fa\u672c\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u7269\u8a9e\u6587\u3084\u6b74\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u57fa\u70b9\u3068\u3059\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u53d9\u8ff0\u304c\u57fa\u672c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u57fa\u672c\u53d9\u8ff0\u6642\u5236\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6642\u9593\u7684\u306b\u524d\u5f8c\u30fb\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u308b\u8996\u70b9\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u6642\u5236\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6642\u5236\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8cab\u304f\u57fa\u672c\u53d9\u8ff0\u6642\u5236\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\uff08\u8ad6\u8aac\u57fa\u70b9\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff08\u53d9\u4e8b\u57fa\u70b9\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u6642\u5236\u304c\u57fa\u672c\u6642\u5236\u304b\u3089\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u7b87\u6240\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u304b\u3089\u904e\u53bb\u3078\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u8aac\u660e\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u5728\u3078\u306e\u7dcf\u62ec\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u6642\u5236\u3092\u30a2\u30f3\u30ab\u30fc\uff08\u9328\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3001\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u8ac7\u8a71\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3042\u308b\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u304c &#8220;Modern societies face profound environmental challenges.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236\u3067\u958b\u59cb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u53d9\u8ff0\u6642\u5236\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff08&#8221;In the nineteenth century, factories released&#8230;&#8221;\uff09\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u76f8\u5bfe\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8ad6\u8003\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 &#8220;The revolution transformed the administrative structure of the nation.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u304c\u57fa\u672c\u53d9\u8ff0\u6642\u5236\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u8ffd\u8de1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u57fa\u672c\u6642\u5236\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u3067 &#8220;Scientists currently understand this mechanism as&#8230;&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u304c\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u969b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u8aa4\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u304c\u5d29\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u4e16\u754c\u304b\u3089\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3078\u3068\u8ac7\u8a71\u304c\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u308f\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u77e5\u898b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u518d\u8a55\u4fa1\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u53ca\u3076\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5c0e\u5165\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236\u304b\u3089\u7b2c\uff12\u30fb\u7b2c\uff13\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\uff08\u5b9f\u9a13\u30fb\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff09\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236\uff08\u7d50\u8ad6\u30fb\u63d0\u8a00\uff09\u3078\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9aa8\u683c\u304c\u9bae\u660e\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u53d9\u8ff0\u6642\u5236\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u56de\u60f3\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u633f\u5165\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5927\u904e\u53bb\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\uff09\u306e\u8ac7\u8a71\u6a19\u8b58\u6a5f\u80fd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u904e\u53bb\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff09\u306f\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8868\u3059\u6587\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u300d\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u6697\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff08had + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u306e\u771f\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u3092\u57fa\u672c\u6642\u5236\u3068\u3059\u308b\u7269\u8a9e\u3084\u8ad6\u8ff0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672c\u7b4b\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u4e2d\u65ad\u3057\u300c\u56de\u60f3\u30fb\u5148\u884c\u539f\u56e0\u30fb\u80cc\u666f\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3092\u633f\u5165\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u8ac7\u8a71\u6a19\u8b58\uff08Discourse Marker\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u50cd\u304f\u70b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u672c\u7b4b\u306e\u6642\u9593\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u304b\u3089\u904e\u53bb\u3078\u3068\u9061\u884c\u3057\u305f\u80cc\u666f\u8aac\u660e\u306b\u5165\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u518d\u3073\u5358\u7d14\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306b\u623b\u3063\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u672c\u7b4b\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3078\u5fa9\u5e30\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u8ac7\u8a71\u306e\u4e3b\u7b4b\u3068\u633f\u5165\u80cc\u666f\u3092\u5cfb\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3067\u9032\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 had + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\u3092\u6355\u6349\u3057\u3001\u672c\u7b4b\u306e\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u304c\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3093\u505c\u6b62\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u9023\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u62ec\u5f27\u3067\u304f\u304f\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u672c\u7b4b\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u300c\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u539f\u56e0\u3001\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7d4c\u7def\u300d\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u633f\u5165\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5358\u7d14\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306b\u5fa9\u5e30\u3057\u305f\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u672c\u7b4b\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u304c\u518d\u958b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u8ac7\u8a71\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The diplomat arrived in the capital in July. He had spent three years preparing for the summit in London, where negotiations had stalled repeatedly.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001had spent \u304a\u3088\u3073 had stalled \u306f\u672c\u7b4b\uff08\u5230\u7740\uff09\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306e\u6e96\u5099\u3068\u4ea4\u6e09\u306e\u7d4c\u7def\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u633f\u5165\u80cc\u666f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;When the expedition reached the summit, they discovered that an earlier team had left scientific equipment there decades before.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001had left \u304c\u672c\u7b4b\u306e\u5230\u9054\uff08reached, discovered\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5148\u884c\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;She realized her mistake. She had ignored the initial warnings issued by the safety inspectors.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001had ignored \u3092\u672c\u7b4b\u306e\u300c\u6c17\u3065\u3044\u305f\u300d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u52d5\u4f5c\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3059\u308b\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u6c17\u3065\u304d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u904e\u5931\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;The archaeological team published their findings in 2020. They had conducted extensive excavations across the valley between 2010 and 2018.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c2020\u5e74\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u7b4b\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u5148\u884c\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u8ac7\u8a71\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u628a\u63e1\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"21579\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u8907\u6587\u30fb\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3068\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u79fb\u52d5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bb5\u843d\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3084\u3001\u305d\u306e\u898f\u5247\u304c\u7834\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300c\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u89e3\u9664\u300d\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u529b\u70b9\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u9023\u52d5\u3068\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u3068\u3057\u3066\u666e\u904d\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3044\u547d\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u89e3\u9664\u3059\u308b\u8ac7\u8a71\u7684\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u898b\u89e3\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u8b58\u5225\u529b\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u30fb\u5f15\u7528\u7bc0\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u540c\u671f\u3068\u8996\u70b9\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3092\u3068\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306b\u9023\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u300c\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u6642\u70b9\u306b\u540c\u671f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001&#8221;Smith argued that the mechanism was unstable.&#8221; \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u300c\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u6c0f\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ffd\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u304c\u3053\u3053\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u7bc0\u3084\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u6642\u5236\u9023\u52d5\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u3068\u5f15\u7528\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08argued, claimed, concluded, suggested \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u307e\u305f\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6349\u3048\u3001\u547d\u984c\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u6642\u70b9\u306b\u67a0\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u898b\u89e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u5168\u9762\u7684\u306b\u652f\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5b66\u8aac\u53f2\u306e\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u76f8\u5bfe\u5316\u3057\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5f8c\u7d9a\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;Early economists believed that market mechanisms automatically eliminated systemic inefficiencies.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e was \/ eliminated\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff09\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u521d\u671f\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u306e\u67a0\u5185\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u898b\u89e3\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u81ea\u660e\u8996\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The survey conducted in 2000 indicated that the majority of respondents supported the proposed constitutional amendment.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001supported \u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0 indicated\uff08\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u306b\u540c\u671f\u3057\u30012000\u5e74\u6642\u70b9\u306e\u4e16\u8ad6\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The ancient astronomers claimed that the planets revolved around the Earth in perfect circles.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001revolved \u304c\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u300c\u60d1\u661f\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u516c\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3068\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u306e\u306f\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u904e\u53bb\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;The investigation report concluded that the engineering failure resulted from inadequate stress testing.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001resulted \u306f\u4e3b\u7bc0 concluded \u306e\u8996\u70b9\u306b\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u3001\u4e8b\u6545\u539f\u56e0\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8abf\u67fb\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u898b\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f1d\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u9023\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u8996\u70b9\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u89e3\u91c8\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u666e\u904d\u7684\u547d\u984c\u30fb\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u89e3\u9664\u3068\u8ac7\u8a71\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3b\u7bc0\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u5236\u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u89e3\u9664\uff08Non-sequence of Tenses\uff09\u300d\u306f\u3001\u8ac7\u8a71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3084\u767a\u8a00\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\uff08&#8221;Smith proved that gravity follows an inverse-square law.&#8221;\uff09\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u767a\u898b\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u7b46\u8005\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3082\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u771f\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u8ffd\u8a8d\u5ba3\u8a00\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u7834\u68c4\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u540c\u5b9a\u306b\u76f4\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u304b\u3089\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\uff08showed, demonstrated, concluded \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8907\u6587\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u305a\u3001\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570\u73fe\u5728\u5f62 -s \u3092\u542b\u3080\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u300d\u304b\u3089\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3057\u3001\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u30fb\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ac7\u8a71\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;Newton demonstrated that the force of gravity decreases with the square of the distance.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0 demonstrated\uff08\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0 decreases\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\uff09\u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u529b\u306e\u9006\u4e8c\u4e57\u5247\u304c\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u8ffd\u8a8d\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The historical analysis confirmed that economic prosperity depends fundamentally on institutional stability.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001depends \u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u3082\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u59a5\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u666e\u904d\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The twentieth-century philosopher argued that human beings are fundamentally free to determine their own values.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001are \u3092\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u3057\u3066 were \u306b\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u77ed\u7d61\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5b9f\u5b58\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3092\u73fe\u4ee3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u691c\u8a0e\u306b\u5024\u3059\u308b\u666e\u904d\u7684\u30c6\u30fc\u30bc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;Recent medical research proved that regular aerobic exercise enhances cognitive performance in elderly populations.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001enhances \u306f\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u304c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u9bae\u660e\u306b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6642\u5236\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u89e3\u9664\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ac7\u8a71\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u624b\u9806\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u6587\u8108\u6307\u6a19\u30fb\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u9023\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u6210<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9577\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u526f\u8a5e\u3084\u6642\u9593\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u304c\u6642\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u3068\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5354\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u901f\u8aad\u3068\u7cbe\u8aad\u3092\u4e21\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u308b\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08meanwhile, subsequently, hitherto, currently \u7b49\uff09\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6642\u5236\u30fb\u76f8\u304c\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u3068\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306e\u9023\u52d5\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u6a2a\u65ad\u7684\u306a\u6642\u9593\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u529b\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u30fb\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u6642\u5236\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306e\u9077\u79fb\u628a\u63e1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u8aad\u89e3\u306f\u300chowever=\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001therefore=\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u4ed8\u3051\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u308a\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u8ac7\u8a71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08initially, subsequently, hitherto, thereafter \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u6642\u5236\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5354\u8abf\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u898f\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001initially\uff08\u5f53\u521d\u306f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u3067 however \u3084 subsequently \u3092\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3084\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u6539\u5584\u30fb\u65b0\u77e5\u898b\uff09\u3078\u3068\u8ee2\u63db\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e88\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u6642\u5236\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u611f\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u5148\u8aad\u307f\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u6642\u5236\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u9023\u52d5\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u5148\u8aad\u307f\u30fb\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u3084\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08previously, at first, over the past decade, henceforth \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u6642\u5236\u5f62\u614b\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3001\u672a\u6765\u8868\u73fe\u7b49\uff09\u3068\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u4e0a\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u304c\u4e88\u544a\u3059\u308b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u901a\u8aac vs \u73fe\u5728\u306e\u65b0\u77e5\u898b\u300d\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u8a66\u307f vs \u73fe\u5728\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u300d\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u60f3\u8d77\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u6bb5\u843d\u3078\u306e\u9077\u79fb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;Initially, researchers assumed that the genetic sequence was non-functional; however, subsequent studies have demonstrated its critical regulatory role.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001Initially + \u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff08assumed\uff09\u304b\u3089 subsequent studies + \u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff08have demonstrated\uff09\u3078\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u304c\u3001\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u8aa4\u8a8d\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u65b0\u767a\u898b\u3078\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9a\u756a\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Hitherto, the industry has relied heavily on fossil fuels, but recent policy changes will accelerate the adoption of renewable alternatives.&#8221; \u3067\u306f\u3001Hitherto + \u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u5728\u307e\u3067\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u7dcf\u62ec\u3057\u3001but \u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u672a\u6765\u8868\u73fe\uff08will accelerate\uff09\u3078\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u652f\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Over the last century, urban populations expanded rapidly.&#8221; \u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3057\u3066 &#8220;Presently, policymakers must address the infrastructure strain.&#8221; \u3068\u7d9a\u304f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u524d\u534a\u306e\u62e1\u5927\uff08\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u3068\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u8ab2\u984c\uff08\u73fe\u5728\uff09\u306e\u6642\u5236\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3068\u3001\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u7dca\u8feb\u6027\u304c\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e Presently \u3068\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e must \u306e\u9023\u52d5\u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: &#8220;Previously, data collection required months of manual field surveys; currently, satellite remote sensing provides real-time atmospheric measurements.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001Previously\uff08\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u3068 currently\uff08\u73fe\u5728\uff09\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u304c\u6280\u8853\u9769\u65b0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u9bae\u3084\u304b\u306b\u63cf\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u6642\u5236\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306e\u9077\u79fb\u628a\u63e1\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\uff08\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u5e30\u7d50\uff09\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u6642\u5236\u30fb\u76f8\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u7d71\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u9577\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\uff08\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u5e30\u7d50\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u6210\u3059\u300c\u6642\u5236\u3068\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u73fe\u72b6\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\uff09\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u5206\u6790\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8981\u56e0\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff09\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8fd1\u5e74\u306e\u6539\u5584\u306e\u8a66\u307f\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62\uff09\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u5c55\u671b\uff08\u672a\u6765\u8868\u73fe\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9aa8\u683c\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5f62\u4f5c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u6642\u5236\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u4fef\u77b0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u500b\u3005\u306e\u6587\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\u306b\u57cb\u6ca1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u8ad6\u8a3c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7acb\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9577\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6642\u5236\u30fb\u76f8\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u6642\u5236\u3068\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u4e00\u89a7\u5316\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u2192\u904e\u53bb\u2192\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u2192\u672a\u6765\u300d\u7b49\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\uff09\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u901a\u8aac\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u53cd\u8a3c\u3001\u73fe\u72b6\u3068\u5c06\u6765\u4e88\u6e2c\uff09\u304c\u6642\u5236\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3068\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6642\u5236\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3068\u8ac7\u8a71\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u305d\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7d50\u8ad6\u30fb\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u5c04\u7a0b\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306a\u6c34\u4e0d\u8db3\u306e\u73fe\u72b6\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\uff09\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u904e\u53bb\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u904e\u5270\u958b\u767a\u3068\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u306e\u7d4c\u7def\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff09\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u8fd1\u5e74\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6d77\u6c34\u6de1\u6c34\u5316\u6280\u8853\u306e\u6210\u679c\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff09\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u6c34\u8cc7\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u3078\u306e\u63d0\u8a00\uff08\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u5236\u9023\u9396\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u8d77\u304b\u3089\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u8ad6\u8a3c\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u7d4c\u6e08\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u306e\u5206\u6790\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff09\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u5e02\u5834\u52d5\u614b\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u884c\u5f62\uff09\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\uff08will + \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff09\u304c\u6642\u5236\u3054\u3068\u306b\u6bb5\u843d\u5206\u5272\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u304c\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u3042\u308b\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8ad6\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff09\u304c\u9577\u3005\u3068\u5f15\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u7a81\u7136\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff08&#8221;Such classical perspectives have failed to account for digital realities.&#8221;\uff09\u304c\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u969b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u7d9a\u304d\u3068\u8aad\u3080\u306e\u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u4ee3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u7dcf\u62ec\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u72ec\u81ea\u898b\u89e3\u3078\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u8aac\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u9650\u754c\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff09\u3068\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u5b87\u5b99\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u89b3\u6e2c\u6d3b\u52d5\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u9032\u884c\u5f62 has been observing\uff09\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u308b\u65b0\u767a\u898b\uff08may reveal\uff09\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u304c\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u6700\u524d\u7dda\u3092\u7acb\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u4f1d\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u6642\u5236\u30fb\u76f8\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3066\u9577\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M47]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\uff08\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3068\u6642\u5236\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u5206\u6790\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M48]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\uff08\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u8d77\u30fb\u80cc\u666f\u30fb\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u8ffd\u8de1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M49]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 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[]).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d71\u8a9e\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u540c\u5b9a\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3001\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e be \u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e have 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