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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u5831<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u8a66\u9a13\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u8a66\u9a13\u6642\u9593<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u5927\u554f\u69cb\u6210<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u4e3b\u305f\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u5f62\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u4e00\u822c\u9078\u629c<\/td><td>90\u5206<\/td><td>8\u5927\u554f<\/td><td>\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u30fb\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\uff08\u8a18\u8ff0\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u5ea6: \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u6a19\u6e96\u301c\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u767a\u5c55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7279\u7b46\u3059\u3079\u304d\u70b9: \u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30af\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u6d88\u8cbb\u3068\u306e\u985e\u6bd4\uff08\u30a2\u30ca\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u5bb3\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u5371\u6a5f\u611f\u3084\u6279\u5224\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u304c\u8272\u6fc3\u304f\u8868\u308c\u305f\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c2\u554f\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u683c\u5dee\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u306a\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u300c\u6df1\u3044\u8aad\u307f\uff08deep reading\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3068\u3001SNS\u7b49\u306e\u30d7\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u300c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\uff08poverty of attention\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8aad\u89e3\u306e\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u3067\u306f\u6bd4\u55a9\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3084\u6587\u8108\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u9078\u629e\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c3\u554f: \u6559\u80b2\u3068\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u9632\u885b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u653f\u6cbb\u30fb\u6b74\u53f2\u8ad6\u8aac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u5185\u5bb9: \u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08authoritarianism\uff09\u304c\u3044\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u6559\u80b2\u30fb\u79d1\u5b66\u30fb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30fb\u82b8\u8853\u3092\u653b\u6483\u3057\u3001\u5927\u8846\u3092\u7121\u77e5\u306b\u7559\u3081\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u308c\u306b\u6297\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u8aac\u304f\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0f\u554f\u69cb\u6210: \u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u51453\u554f\uff08\u9078\u629e\u80a220\u301c22\uff09\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u30fb\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u89e3\u91c8\u30fb\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u9078\u629e7\u554f\uff08\u9078\u629e\u80a223\u301c29\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u5ea6: \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u6a19\u6e96\u301c\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u767a\u5c55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7279\u7b46\u3059\u3079\u304d\u70b9: \u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30aa\u30fc\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u306e\u300e1984\u300f\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e5\u3064\u306e\u653b\u6483\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u5217\u6319\u3059\u308b\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u69cb\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5927\u554f\uff14\u301c\uff18\u306f\u7701\u7565\u3057\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u3067\u554f\u308f\u308c\u305f\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\uff08\u5927\u554fI\u301cIII\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u9ad8\u3044\u7d14\u5ea6\u3067\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5408\u81f4\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u300c\u9806\u63a5\u300d\u300c\u9006\u63a5\u300d\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u300d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u7d71\u8a9e\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u5224\u5b9a\u539f\u7406\u306e\u767a\u52d5\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3057\u305f\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3084\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u300c\u30ba\u30ec\u300d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u304c\u52dd\u8ca0\u3092\u5206\u3051\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u5f59\u554f\u984c\uff08\u5927\u554fIV\u3001V\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u77ac\u6642\u306e\u898b\u6975\u3081\u3068\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\uff08\u5927\u554fVII\u3001VIII\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u306e\u610f\u5473\u540c\u5b9a\u3068\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u6642\u5236\u3001\u614b\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u5f62\u614b\u5909\u5316\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u9042\u884c\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u5f97\u70b9\u529b\u3092\u5de6\u53f3\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u6642\u9593\u914d\u5206\u306e\u5b9f\u614b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u9665\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u4e00\u81f4\u300d\u3078\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5927\u554fI\u301cIII\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3082\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u591a\u304f\u7528\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7167\u5408\u3092\u6020\u3063\u305f\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u7f60\u306b\u9665\u308b\u8a2d\u8a08\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5927\u554fVII\u30fbVIII\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u6642\u5236\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u3084\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\uff09\u3001\u614b\uff08\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\uff09\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5f62\u614b\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u30df\u30b9\u3084\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u96f6\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u591a\u767a\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6642\u9593\u914d\u5206\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u524d\u534a\u306e\u9577\u65873\u984c\u306b\u6642\u9593\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u30fb\u8a18\u8ff0\u7cfb\u554f\u984c\u306b\u5341\u5206\u306a\u6642\u9593\u3092\u5272\u3051\u305a\u306b\u767d\u7d19\u3084\u30b1\u30a2\u30ec\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u3092\u9023\u767a\u3059\u308b\u300c\u6642\u9593\u5207\u308c\u300d\u304c\u6700\u5927\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u30fb\u8a18\u8ff0\u7cfb\u554f\u984c\uff08\u5927\u554fIV\u30fbV\u30fbVII\u30fbVIII\uff09\u3092\u5148\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u3001\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3092\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u6295\u8cc7\u3059\u308b\u6226\u7565\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u30ab\u30ea\u30ad\u30e5\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u69cb\u6210<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u306e\u5404\u5927\u554f\u306f\u3001\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u90e8 \u500b\u5225\u8b1b\u5ea7\u306e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c1\u554f: [\u500b\u5225 M01-\u9577\u6587\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u306e\u6587\u8108\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u8ffd\u8de1]\u3001[\u500b\u5225 M02-\u9577\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7167\u5408\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u691c\u8a3c]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u7a7a\u6240\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u691c\u8a3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c2\u554f: [\u500b\u5225 M01-\u9577\u6587\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u306e\u6587\u8108\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u8ffd\u8de1]\u3001[\u500b\u5225 M03-\u8ad6\u8aac\u9577\u6587\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u7279\u5b9a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u6df1\u3044\u8aad\u307f vs \u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\uff09\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u307e\u305f\u3044\u3060\u8ffd\u8de1\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c3\u554f: [\u500b\u5225 M02-\u9577\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7167\u5408\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u691c\u8a3c]\u3001[\u500b\u5225 M10-\u9577\u6587\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u6307\u793a\u6a19\u8b58\u3068\u610f\u5473\u63a8\u6e2c]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u5217\u6319\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306e\u6574\u7406\u3068\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u53e5\u3084\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306e\u6587\u8108\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306e\u63a8\u6e2c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c4\u554f: [\u500b\u5225 M04-\u56db\u80a2\u9078\u629e\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u691c\u8a3c\u3068\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5224\u5b9a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u77ed\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bSVOC\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3068\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u30fb\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u30fb\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u691c\u8a3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c5\u554f: [\u500b\u5225 M05-\u5b9a\u5f62\u8868\u73fe\u30fb\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u6587\u8108\u88dc\u5b8c]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6587\u8108\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u30fb\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u6163\u7528\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u306e\u5373\u6642\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c6\u554f: [\u500b\u5225 M07-\u77ed\u6587\u8ad6\u7406\u8aad\u89e3\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u30fb\u524d\u63d0\u8b58\u5225]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u77ed\u6587\u30d1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3068\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u524d\u63d0\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c7\u554f: [\u500b\u5225 M08-\u52d5\u8a5e\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u6587\u8108\u540c\u5b9a\u3068\u5f62\u614b\u5909\u5316]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6642\u5236\u30fb\u76f8\u30fb\u614b\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c8\u554f: [\u500b\u5225 M09-\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u6587\u8108\u540c\u5b9a\u3068\u5f62\u614b\u5909\u63db]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u540c\u5b9a\u3068\u3001\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\u4ed8\u52a0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u5f62\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5168\u5927\u554f\u5171\u901a\uff08\u6a2a\u65ad\u6280\u80fd\uff09: [\u500b\u5225 M06-\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316]\u3001[\u500b\u5225 M12-\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u62bd\u51fa\u3068\u51e6\u7406\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u3068\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u8a18\u9332\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff08Genealogy and Material Culture\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\uff08\u8840\u7d71\u3084\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u63a2\u6c42\uff09\u306f\u3001\u304b\u3064\u3066\u306f\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u5c64\u306e\u7279\u6a29\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6280\u8853\u3084DNA\u691c\u67fb\u306e\u666e\u53ca\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5927\u8846\u5316\uff08\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\uff09\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u306a\u5074\u9762\u306b\u306e\u307f\u6ce8\u76ee\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u304c\u5199\u672c\uff08manuscripts\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u751f\u7523\u30fb\u4fdd\u5b58\u30fb\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6df1\u5c64\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3002\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u5199\u672c\u306f\u56fa\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6700\u7d42\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u518d\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u751f\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\uff08living texts\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5e38\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u3084\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u76e4 M50-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u30dd\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30b7\u30fc\u3068\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff08Post-literacy and Cognitive Processing\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9577\u6587\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u8aad\u3080\u80fd\u529b\uff08deep reading \/ long-form literacy\uff09\u306f\u751f\u5f97\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u591a\u5927\u306a\u52aa\u529b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u306b\u7372\u5f97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8a8d\u77e5\u6a5f\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u74b0\u5883\u3084SNS\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3092\u596a\u3044\u3001\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7d30\u5207\u308c\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u300c\u62fe\u3044\u8aad\u307f\uff08skimming\uff09\u300d\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u6df1\u3044\u601d\u8003\u529b\u304c\u5931\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3078\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5bcc\u88d5\u5c64\u3068\u3001\u4f9d\u5b58\u306b\u9665\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u5c64\u3068\u306e\u9593\u3067\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u683c\u5dee\uff08\u30dd\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30b7\u30fc\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u793e\u4f1a\u554f\u984c\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u76e4 M49-\u8a9e\u7528]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u30dd\u30d4\u30e5\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u6559\u80b2\u30fb\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\uff08Authoritarianism and the Attack on Education\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u3084\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u30dd\u30d4\u30e5\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u6279\u5224\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5927\u8846\u3092\u6700\u5927\u306e\u8105\u5a01\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u6539\u3056\u3093\uff09\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u5f62\u9ab8\u5316\uff08\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0\u5316\uff09\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\uff08\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u3001\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u5f3e\u5727\uff08\u30d5\u30a7\u30a4\u30af\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u6d41\u5e03\uff09\u3001\u82b8\u8853\u306e\u653b\u6483\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u5f3e\u5727\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u624b\u6bb5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3001\u516c\u8846\u306e\u601d\u8003\u3092\u7d71\u5236\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u653b\u6483\u306b\u6297\u3057\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u6559\u80b2\u3084\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u771f\u7406\u3092\u64c1\u8b77\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u76e4 M20-\u610f\u5473]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5927\u554f\u5225\u89e3\u8aac<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff11\u554f \u89e3\u8aac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u3068\u5199\u672c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8ad6\u8aac\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u628a\u63e1\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7cbe\u7dfb\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u6a19\u6e96\u301c\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u767a\u5c55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 20\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u304c\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u5316\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u53e4\u304f\u304b\u3089\u5199\u672c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u751f\u7523\u30fb\u66f4\u65b0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5b9f\u8df5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064700\u8a9e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3054\u3068\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d\u306f\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u306e\u73fe\u72b6\u3068\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u6982\u89b3\u3001\u7b2c2\u301c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306f\u5199\u672c\u306e\u7269\u8cea\u6027\u3068\u52d5\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u3001\u7b2c4\u301c5\u6bb5\u843d\u306f\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306e\u66d6\u6627\u3055\u3068\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5404\u7a7a\u6240(1)\u301c(4)\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff08However, While, In fact \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593:30\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a7a\u6240(1): Given the enormous richness of genealogy&#8217;s history&#8230; it is challenging to identify (1) features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3001\u300c\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3084\u8c4a\u304b\u3055\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u25cb\u25cb\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u300c\u5171\u901a\u306e\u3001\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b shared \u304c\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a7a\u6240(2): Even the very existence of genealogical manuscripts is no historical necessity. (2) genealogy and genealogical handwriting have been present across many different cultures&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u306e\u6587\u3067\u300c\u5199\u672c\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306f\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff08\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3064\u3064\u3001\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u6587\u3067\u300c\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6587\u5316\u3067\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u300d\u3068\u9006\u63a5\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Nonetheless \u304c\u8a72\u5f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u554f\u984c\uff085\u301c10\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6392\u9664\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u767a\u52d5\u3057\u3001\u8a00\u3044\u904e\u304e\uff08overstatement\uff09\u3084\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u6301\u3064\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u8a2d\u554f(5): &#8220;genealogy has become more democratic&#8221; \u306e\u610f\u5473\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\uff1d\u7279\u6a29\u968e\u7d1a\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u8846\u3078\u306e\u666e\u53ca\u3002\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d\u306e &#8220;Long seen as the privilege of elite groups, it is now a beloved pastime for people from very different walks of life.&#8221; \u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a24\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u8a2d\u554f(6): &#8220;Genealogical manuscripts&#8221; \u306e\u5171\u901a\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3002\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\u4ee5\u964d\u306e &#8220;They are &#8216;living&#8217; texts, constantly in need of reinterpretation&#8230;&#8221; \u306a\u3069\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u6587\u5316\u306b\u5e83\u304f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6587\u8108\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a22 &#8220;high prominence and wide presence across many different cultures&#8221; \u304c\u8a72\u5f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u8a2d\u554f(7): NOT\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3002\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\u3067 &#8220;genealogy as a set of continuous activities&#8221; \u3084 &#8220;social practice&#8221; \u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001&#8221;A set of disconnected and discontinued activities with a local perspective&#8221; (\u9078\u629e\u80a22) \u306f &#8220;continuous activities&#8221; \u3068\u771f\u9006\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u8aa4\u308a\uff08\u9006\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u8a2d\u554f(8): \u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u3068\u300c\u6642\u9593\u300d\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3002\u7b2c5\u6bb5\u843d\u306e &#8220;Since genealogy-as-a-practice extends over time and space, it has relied frequently on intermediate steps of writing down preliminary results. These could be stored and transmitted to other participants in the process, especially to new generations&#8230;&#8221; \u3088\u308a\u3001\u767a\u898b\u304c\u6b21\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u3078\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u66f4\u65b0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a21\u304c\u5408\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(5) 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(6) 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(7) 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(8) 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(9) 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(10) 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) \u306f &#8220;It would be wrong, however, to assume that people simply know about their families. (3) casual and habitual family knowledge is often limited.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u8108\u3002\u524d\u306e\u6587\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u300c\u305d\u308c\u3069\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3001\u5168\u304f\u9006\u3067\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u306a\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u9650\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001Quite the contrary\uff08\u305d\u308c\u3069\u3053\u308d\u304b\u5168\u304f\u9006\u3067\uff09\u304c\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(10) \u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8cab\u304f\u4e3b\u984c\uff08\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u306e\u901a\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u30fb\u7570\u6587\u5316\u9593\u306e\u63a2\u6c42\uff09\u3092\u6700\u3082\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b &#8220;Genealogical Perspectives: Cross-Cultural and Trans-Epochal Explorations&#8221; (\u9078\u629e\u80a21) \u304c\u6b63\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(5)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a22\u300cDNA\u691c\u67fb\u304c\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u3082\u4ed6\u3068\u5909\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u300d\u306f\u3001democratic\uff08\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\uff09\u3092\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u30fb\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u5e73\u7b49\u3068\u8aa4\u89e3\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300c\u30ba\u30ec\u300d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u666e\u53ca\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u8108\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(9)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a21\u300c\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u304f\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u307f\u306b\u4e88\u7d04\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u306f &#8220;Genealogy is also something anyone can do&#8221; \u3068\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\uff08\u9006\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u554f\u306e\u7a7a\u6240(2)\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b Nonetheless\uff08\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\uff09\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306f\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u3068\u9006\u63a5\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u6df1\u304f\u6839\u3056\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5b66\u554f\u4f53\u7cfb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3042\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u300c\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff08A is not a historical necessity\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u7a00\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08Therefore, it is rare\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u63a8\u8ad6\u3092\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u5c0e\u304f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u7d9a\u304f\u6587\u304c\u300c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6587\u5316\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\uff08it has been present across many cultures\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u4e88\u60f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5e30\u7d50\u3068\u306f\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300cA\u304b\u3089\u4e88\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u975eB\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5b9f\u969b\u306eB\u300d\u306e\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u65ad\u7d76\u3092\u67b6\u6a4b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4ed8\u52a0\uff08Moreover\uff09\u3084\u56e0\u679c\uff08Consequently\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u671f\u5f85\u306e\u88cf\u5207\u308a\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308b\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff08Nonetheless\uff09\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u5fc5\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u8a3c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u300c\u5fc5\u7136\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9006\u8aac\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u5f37\u8abf\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u8a3c\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5206\u6790\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u3064\u306a\u304e\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u88c5\u7f6e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u3068\u89e3\u6cd5\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6176\u61c9\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u9577\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u5185\u3067\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8108\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u300c\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u4e3b\u984c\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u300d\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u554f\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306f\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\uff08\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u63a2\u6c42\uff09\u3068\u5177\u8c61\u7684\uff08\u5199\u672c\u306e\u7269\u8cea\u6027\uff09\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u554f\u984c\uff08\u7279\u306b(7)\u3084(8)\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u7d99\u7d9a\u6027\uff08continuous\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u52d5\u7684\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\uff08dynamic activities\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u3001\u6b63\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u8d77\u70b9\uff08\u8d77\u52d5\u70b9\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\uff09\u304c\u3069\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3053\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u89e3\u6cd5\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u65b9\u91dd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u521d\u898b\u30fb\u985e\u984c\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5b66\u8853\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\uff08genealogy, manuscripts\uff09\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u62d8\u6ce5\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08&#8221;Genealogy is also something anyone can do&#8230;&#8221;, &#8220;They are &#8216;living&#8217; texts&#8230;&#8221;\uff09\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3059\u308b\u3002\u985e\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u90e8\u3084\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u90e8\u306a\u3069\u3067\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u6163\u884c\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5b9f\u8df5\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5909\u9077\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u901a\u5ff5\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u72ec\u81ea\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u8a13\u7df4\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u90e8\u5206\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u5927\u554f\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3082\u3057(8)\u304c\u300c\u7cfb\u8b5c\u5b66\u3068\u5199\u672c\u306e\u6642\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u305b\u3088\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e3\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u2460\u5199\u672c\u306f\u56fa\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\uff081\u6bb5\u968e\u76ee\uff09\u3001\u2461\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u3078\u3068\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff082\u6bb5\u968e\u76ee\uff09\u3001\u2462\u518d\u89e3\u91c8\u3084\u66f4\u65b0\u304c\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff083\u6bb5\u968e\u76ee\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u3068\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6f0f\u3089\u3055\u305a\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5b8c\u7b54\u3078\u306e\u9053\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8aa4\u7b54\u56de\u907f\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(6)\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a24 &#8220;preserved historical records that had not been disclosed over centuries&#8221; \u306f\u3001\u300c\u5199\u672c\uff1d\u53e4\u3044\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a18\u9332\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30ec\u30aa\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\uff08\u504f\u898b\uff09\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u300c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5199\u672c\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u306b\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30c0\u30a4\u30ca\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u304c\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u79d8\u533f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u306f\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3082\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u305b\u305a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6839\u62e0\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u898f\u5f8b\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u304c\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u9032\u884c\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306b\u62e1\u5f35\u30fb\u4fee\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304f\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u5168\u822c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: 2023\u5e74\u5ea6 \u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66 \u5546\u5b66\u90e8 \u7b2c1\u554f\uff08\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u502b\u7406\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u5909\u9077\uff09\u30012024\u5e74\u5ea6 \u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66 \u5546\u5b66\u90e8 \u7b2c2\u554f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81ea\u5df1\u691c\u8a3c\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8: \u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u76f4\u8a33\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u306e\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff08\u9806\u30fb\u9006\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u5316\uff09\u300d\u3092\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u8a00\u8a9e\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u500b\u5225 M01-\u9577\u6587\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u306e\u6587\u8108\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u8ffd\u8de1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8a72\u5f53\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M02-\u9577\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7167\u5408\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u691c\u8a3c]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300ccontinuous\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u300cdisconnected\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u7acb\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M06-\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff12\u554f \u89e3\u8aac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3068\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u30fb\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u8ad6\u8aac\u306e\u7cbe\u8aad\u3002\u6bd4\u55a9\u8868\u73fe\uff08\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30af\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u3068\u306e\u985e\u6bd4\uff09\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3068\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u611f\u3084\u61f8\u5ff5\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308b\u529b\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u767a\u5c55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 20\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u304c\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u3084\u8aad\u89e3\u529b\u3092\u596a\u3044\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u306a\u683c\u5dee\uff08\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30af\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u80a5\u6e80\u683c\u5dee\u3068\u306e\u30a2\u30ca\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\uff09\u3092\u518d\u751f\u7523\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d\u304b\u3089\u300c\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30af\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u30a2\u30ca\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\uff08\u985e\u6bd4\uff09\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30af\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\uff1d\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u300d\u300c\u80a5\u6e80\uff1d\u30dd\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30b7\u30fc\uff08\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u6b20\u5982\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u6587\u8108\u306e\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593:45\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a7a\u6240(11): &#8230;developed societies have seen a (11) emerge between those with the social and economic resources&#8230; and those more vulnerable&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u793e\u4f1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8005\u3068\u3001\u8106\u5f31\u306a\u8005\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u300c\u4f55\u300d\u304c\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u304b\u3002\u6587\u8108\u306f\u300c\u683c\u5dee\u30fb\u5206\u65ad\u300d\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u9694\u305f\u308a\u3084\u6e9d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b gulf \u304c\u6700\u9069\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a7a\u6240(12): Long-form literacy is not (12) but learned, sometimes only after tremendous effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6df1\u3044\u8aad\u89e3\u529b\u306f\u300c\u25cb\u25cb\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u306b\u5b66\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u300d\u3002not A but B \u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u3002learned\uff08\u5b66\u7fd2\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3001\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\uff09\u306e\u5bfe\u7fa9\u8a9e\u304c\u5165\u308b\u3002innate\uff08\u751f\u5f97\u7684\u306a\u3001\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3064\u304d\u306e\uff09\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u5c64\u306e\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u306e\u591a\u3055\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u5c64\u304c\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u5236\u9650\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u554f\u984c\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u8a2d\u554f(14): \u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3068\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30af\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7406\u7531\u3002\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u306e &#8220;Between those with&#8230; resources to sustain a healthy lifestyle and those more vulnerable&#8230; This mirrors class division.&#8221; \u3088\u308a\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u306a\u968e\u5c64\u3084\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5065\u5eb7\u30fb\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u88ab\u5bb3\u306e\u683c\u5dee\uff08class division\uff09\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a21\u304c\u6b63\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u8a2d\u554f(15): Dr. Wolf \u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001Long-form literacy \u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u306f\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3002\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d &#8220;It changes our brains by increasing vocabulary, by shifting brain activity toward analysis, and by sharpening our capacity for concentration and deep thought.&#8221; \u5206\u6790\u529b\u3084\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a23 &#8220;have a stronger ability to focus on a topic&#8221; \u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u8a2d\u554f(18): &#8220;The class blade cuts between&#8230;&#8221; \u306e\u610f\u5473\u3002\u7b2c9\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u5c64\u3084\u5bcc\u88d5\u5c64\u304c\u79c1\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u3084\u30d9\u30d3\u30fc\u30b7\u30c3\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5c64\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\uff08$34,000 a year\uff09\u3092\u6255\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5206\u65ad\u304c\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a23 &#8220;students from low-income families and students from high-income families&#8221; \u304c\u6b63\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(11) 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(12) 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(13) 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(14) 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(15) 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(16) 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(17) 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(18) 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(19) 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(13) &#8220;restricting smartphone use by all students, which in theory ought to (13) the playing field.&#8221; \u30b9\u30de\u30db\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u5168\u751f\u5f92\u306b\u5236\u9650\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u306f\u300c\u7af6\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u5bfe\u7b49\u306b\u3059\u308b\uff08level the playing field\uff09\u300d\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6163\u7528\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u6587\u8108\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(19) &#8220;post-literate&#8221;\uff08\u6587\u5b57\u96e2\u308c\u3057\u305f\u3001\u6df1\u3044\u8aad\u89e3\u529b\u3092\u5931\u3063\u305f\uff09\u5927\u8846\u304c\u591a\u6570\u3092\u5360\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3002\u7b2c4\u301c5\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u3001\u6df1\u3044\u8aad\u89e3\u529b\u3092\u5931\u3063\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u30b9\u30ad\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3084\u77ed\u3044\u52d5\u753b\u306e\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u8d70\u308a\u3001\u9577\u6587\u3092\u8aad\u307e\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u5506\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a22 &#8220;Most books will not be read by the public and may disappear&#8221; \u304c\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(17) \u53e4\u5178\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u304c\u8003\u616e\u3057\u640d\u306d\u308b\u70b9\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u306f\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3060\u300d\u3068\u53cd\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u7b2c6\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u300c\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u5bb3\u60aa\u306f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u30d2\u30a8\u30e9\u30eb\u30ad\u30fc\u306e\u5e95\u8fba\u3067\u3088\u308a\u9855\u8457\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff08\u683c\u5dee\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u300d\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a23 &#8220;Many parents in poverty cannot afford screen-free childcare&#8221; \u304c\u3053\u306e\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u53cd\u8ad6\uff08\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u683c\u5dee\u3078\u306e\u8996\u70b9\uff09\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a21\u300c\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u4e3b\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307b\u3069\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u771f\u9006\u3067\u3042\u308a\u8aa4\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a7a\u6240(12)\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b &#8220;not innate but learned&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u767a\u9054\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8a00\u8aac\u306e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\uff08Nature vs. Nurture \/ \u751f\u5f97\u8aac\u5bfe\u7d4c\u9a13\u8aac\uff09\u3092\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300c\u8aad\u5b57\uff08literacy\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\uff08\u53e3\u8a71\uff09\u306e\u7fd2\u5f97\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u8133\u306b\u751f\u5f97\u7684\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08innate\uff09\u306e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u8133\u306e\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u56de\u8def\u3092\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u306a\u8a13\u7df4\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u518d\u914d\u7dda\uff08recycle\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u521d\u3081\u3066\u7372\u5f97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u306a\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u795e\u7d4c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u30fb\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u898b\u304c\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001not A but B\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u3001learned\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u7372\u5f97\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u5bfe\u6975\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u3001innate\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u9078\u629e\u304c\u5fc5\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5c0e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u8a00\u8a9e\u7fd2\u5f97\u3068\u6587\u5b57\u7fd2\u5f97\u306e\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u8ad6\u3058\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u306f\u985e\u984c\u306e\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6975\u3081\u3066\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u3068\u89e3\u6cd5\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u5927\u554f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u300c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3092\u3001\u300c\u968e\u5c64\uff08class\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff08socioeconomic hierarchies\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u793e\u4f1a\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3078\u3068\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\uff08\u539f\u7406\u8d77\u52d5\u70b9\uff09\u306b\u6700\u3082\u6ce8\u76ee\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u554f\u984c\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u8cac\u4efb\u8ad6\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u306e\u53cd\u8ad6\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u683c\u5dee\u8ad6\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ef8\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u554f\u3046\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u541f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u554f\u984c\u304b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u30fb\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u554f\u984c\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ef8\u306b\u7167\u3089\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u8aa4\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u521d\u898b\u30fb\u985e\u984c\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3068\u8a8d\u77e5\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u554f\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u8003\u306f\u3001\u8fd1\u5e74\u306e\u96e3\u95a2\u79c1\u5927\uff08\u7279\u306b\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66SFC\u3084\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u969b\u6559\u990a\u5b66\u90e8\uff09\u3067\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u985e\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u969b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u306e\u6069\u6075\u300d\u3068\u300c\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u4ee3\u511f\uff08\u8a8d\u77e5\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u683c\u5dee\u3001\u76e3\u8996\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u306a\u3069\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u3092\u7d20\u65e9\u304f\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u8a13\u7df4\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b &#8220;attention economy&#8221; \u3084 &#8220;cognitive load&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u95a2\u9023\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u90e8\u5206\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3082\u3057(14)\u304c\u8a18\u8ff0\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u2460\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30af\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u5b89\u4fa1\u3067\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u5c64\u306b\u5065\u5eb7\u88ab\u5bb3\uff08\u80a5\u6e80\uff09\u3092\u96c6\u4e2d\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff081\u6bb5\u968e\u76ee\uff09\u3068\u3001\u2461\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3057\u3001\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u306a\u3044\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u5c64\u306e\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u6df1\u3044\u8aad\u89e3\u529b\uff09\u3092\u596a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff082\u6bb5\u968e\u76ee\uff09\u3092\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u305b\u3001\u2462\u4e21\u8005\u304c\u3068\u3082\u306b\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u683c\u5dee\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u30fb\u518d\u751f\u7523\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u300d\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\uff083\u6bb5\u968e\u76ee\uff09\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6e80\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8aa4\u7b54\u56de\u907f\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(16) \u306e &#8220;intense cognitive &#8216;bites&#8217; of content adjusted for (16) maximum addiction over nuance or thoughtful reasoning.&#8221; \u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001over \u304c\u300c\u301c\u3088\u308a\u3082\uff08\u512a\u5148\u3057\u3066\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6bd4\u8f03\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u541f\u5473\u306b\u8ff7\u3046\u3002\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3084\u6df1\u3044\u601d\u8003\u3088\u308a\u3082\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\u3092\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8abf\u6574\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u300c\u6df1\u304f\u8003\u3048\u305a\u306b\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u306b\u6d88\u8cbb\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300d\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a24 &#8220;people jump to it without thinking much about it&#8221; \u304c\u3053\u306e\u300c\u6df1\u3044\u601d\u8003\u306e\u6392\u9664\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7f60\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u30a2\u30ca\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\uff08\u985e\u6bd4\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u554f\u984c\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: 2022\u5e74\u5ea6 \u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66 \u5546\u5b66\u90e8 \u7b2c2\u554f\uff08AI\u3068\u52b4\u50cd\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u5909\u5316\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81ea\u5df1\u691c\u8a3c\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8: not A but B \u3084 over \u306a\u3069\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u793a\u3059\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u751f\u5f97\u7684vs\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u3001\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027vs\u6df1\u3044\u601d\u8003\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u5bfe\u6bd4\u56f3\u3092\u4f5c\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u500b\u5225 M03-\u8ad6\u8aac\u9577\u6587\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u7279\u5b9a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8a72\u5f53\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M01-\u9577\u6587\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u306e\u6587\u8108\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u8ffd\u8de1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1\u306e\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001not A but B \u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u3001learned \u306e\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a9e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u57fa\u790e M05-\u610f\u5473], [\u500b\u5225 M06-\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff13\u554f \u89e3\u8aac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><br>\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u30fb\u79d1\u5b66\u30fb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30fb\u82b8\u8853\u3078\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u653b\u6483\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u305f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3001\u8907\u6570\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u6210\u628a\u63e1\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6307\u793a\u6a19\u8b58\u3084\u6587\u8108\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u975e\u660e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u610f\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<br>\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u767a\u5c55<br>\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 22\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><br>\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<br>\u672c\u5927\u554f\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30b7\u30e5\uff08Robert Reich\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u30fb\u653f\u6cbb\u6279\u8a55\u3092\u7d20\u6750\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u610f\u7fa9\u3068\u3044\u3046\u666e\u904d\u7684\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u306b\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u8c61\uff08\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u3001\u30af\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30eb\u30fc\u30b8\u30e5\uff09\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30dd\u30d4\u30e5\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u307e\u3067\u3092\u4fef\u77b0\u3057\u3001\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u304c\u3044\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u300c\u516c\u8846\u306e\u7cbe\u795e\u300d\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u304b\u30925\u3064\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\uff08\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u5f62\u9ab8\u5316\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u3001\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u5f3e\u5727\u3001\u82b8\u8853\u3078\u306e\u653b\u6483\uff09\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u300c\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u793a\u2192\u8981\u56e0\u5206\u6790\u2192\u7d50\u8ad6\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<br>\u2192 \u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4fef\u77b0\u3068\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306e\u7279\u5b9a<br>\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7b87\u6240\uff08\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u9806\uff09:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c1\u30fb\u7b2c2\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08Thesis Statement\uff09\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u3002\u300c\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u304c\u3044\u304b\u306b\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u7cbe\u795e\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c3\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u672b\u5c3e\u306e &#8220;five features&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e88\u544a\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u6355\u6349\u3002\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u304c\u5217\u6319\u578b\uff08First, Second\u2026\uff09\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3057\u3001\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u30bb\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30b9\u3068\u652f\u6301\u6587\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u753b\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<br>\u30b9\u30ad\u30c3\u30d7\u3057\u3066\u3088\u3044\u7b87\u6240:<br>\u5404feature\u5185\u3067\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u500b\u5225\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001&#8221;The Nazis of the Third Reich burned books&#8221; \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u6df1\u8ffd\u3044\u306f\u907f\u3051\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u628a\u63e1\u306b\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u96c6\u4e2d\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<br>\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593: 8\u5206\uff09<br>\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef81\uff08\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\uff09: \u524d\u5f8c\u6587\u8108\u30fb\u7d71\u8a9e\u4e8c\u91cd\u5224\u5b9a\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9069\u7528\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593: 3\u5206\uff09<br>\u7a7a\u6240(20)\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u7591\u554f\u6587\u7fa4\uff08Is it simply to find a good job or earn status?\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5fdc\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u901a\u5ff5\uff08\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5c31\u8077\u3084\u5730\u4f4d\u306e\u7372\u5f97\uff09\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u6b21\u306e\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8ee2\u63db\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7a7a\u6240(21)\u306f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\uff08dismantle science\uff09\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u4e2d\u76e4\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u306a\u533b\u7642\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u3044\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4fee\u8f9e\u7684\u7591\u554f\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7a7a\u6240(22)\u306f\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u3067\u8aad\u8005\u3078\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u559a\u8d77\uff08call to action\uff09\u3092\u884c\u3046\u6587\u8108\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u5b58\u7d9a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u5e30\u7d50\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5f53\u70ba\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef82\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u30fb\u63a8\u8ad6\uff09: \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593: 5\u5206\uff09<br>\u8a2d\u554f(23)\u301c(29)\u306f\u3001\u5404\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u305f5\u3064\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\uff08features\uff09\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u691c\u8a3c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u300c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u9006\u30fb\u8a00\u3044\u904e\u304e\u30fb\u30ad\u30ba\u30fb\u30ba\u30ec\u300d\u306e5\u5927\u8aa4\u7b54\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3068\u3001\u8457\u8005\u304c\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u306e\u898b\u89e3\uff08\u5bfe\u7acb\u8aac\uff09\u3068\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3055\u305b\u308b\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u8b66\u6212\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<br>\u2192 \u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u540c\u5024\u6027\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3068\u6700\u7d42\u6c7a\u5b9a<br>\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u4ee3\u5165\u3057\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\uff08\u9806\u63a5\u30fb\u9006\u63a5\u30fb\u4f8b\u793a\u7b49\uff09\u3068\u7834\u7dbb\u306a\u304f\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8a9e\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7a7a\u6240(20)\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u3001\u901a\u5ff5\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u771f\u7406\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9006\u63a5\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u3001&#8221;In reality&#8221; \u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a2d\u554f(24)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u300d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u304c\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3057\u672a\u6765\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a21\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a2d\u554f(28)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u82b8\u8853\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u554f\u3046\u7b87\u6240\u3067\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304c\u300c\u6a29\u529b\u8005\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5c55\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3092\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u60aa\u5f0a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6319\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u82b8\u8853\u672c\u6765\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a23\u3092\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><br>(20) 2<br>(21) 2<br>(22) 1<br>(23) 4<br>(24) 1<br>(25) 4<br>(26) 2<br>(27) 1<br>(28) 3<br>(29) 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><br>\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<br>(20) \u76f4\u524d\u306e &#8220;Is it simply\u2026?&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u7591\u554f\u6587\u306f\u3001\u300c\u301c\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4fee\u8f9e\u7684\u7591\u554f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u308b\u5f62\u3067\u300c\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\uff08In reality\uff09\u3082\u3063\u3068\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u7406\u7531\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u552f\u4e00\u59a5\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br>(22) \u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b &#8220;take education seriously because democracy depends on it&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u884c\u52d5\u559a\u8d77\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u6587\u8108\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3057\u3001\u304b\u3064\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08take\uff09\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f &#8220;It is time to&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u3059\u308b\u6642\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br>(26) \u7b2c6\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 &#8220;Because science acknowledges objective facts. Tyrants insist that the ruler is more powerful than the facts\u2026&#8221; \u3068\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u304c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u63a2\u6c42\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3086\u3048\u306b\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u64cd\u4f5c\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5c02\u5236\u541b\u4e3b\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u5371\u967a\u8996\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a22\uff08Science promotes the search for objective fact\uff09\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<br>(25) \u9078\u629e\u80a21\u306f &#8220;cutting funding&#8221; \u307e\u3067\u306f\u672c\u6587\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3092 &#8220;allow students to pursue independent study&#8221;\uff08\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u8ffd\u6c42\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;seek to suppress dissent&#8221;\uff08\u7570\u8ad6\u3092\u6291\u5727\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3068\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u5411\u3044\u3066\u304a\u308a\u300c\u9006\u300d\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br>(28) \u9078\u629e\u80a23\u306e &#8220;The arts are to be displayed by directors who obey the authorities&#8221; \u306f\u3001\u7b2c8\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3067\u300c\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u304c\u82b8\u8853\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u884c\u3046\u624b\u6bb5\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8457\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u300c\u82b8\u8853\u306e\u672c\u6765\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8457\u8005\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u8005\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u300c\u30ba\u30ec\u300d\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><br>\u672c\u5927\u554f\u3067\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u306a\u8aad\u89e3\u6280\u80fd\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3068\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u80fd\u529b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8ad6\u8a3c\u7684\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<br>(a) \u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027: \u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6279\u5224\u5bfe\u8c61\uff09\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u771f\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3053\u306e\u533a\u5225\u3092\u6020\u308c\u3070\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u300c\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6279\u5224\u7684\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u898b\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u5d29\u58ca\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002\u8a2d\u554f(28)\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8a98\u767a\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3055\u306b\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u4e3b\u4f53\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u7a81\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br>(b) \u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b: \u7b46\u8005\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5404\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\uff08evaluative lexis\uff09\u3084\u6cd5\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001&#8221;Tyrants insist that\u2026&#8221; \u3084 &#8220;Authoritarians know that\u2026&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306ethat\u7bc0\u5185\u304c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u30a4\u30c7\u30aa\u30ed\u30ae\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3092\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u300c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u300d\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u300d\u300c\u5bfe\u7acb\u8005\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u300d\u306e\u4e09\u5c64\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5185\u3067\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3068\u306e\u7167\u5408\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<br>(c) \u9650\u754c\u30fb\u4f8b\u5916: \u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u306f\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u9593\u63a5\u8a71\u6cd5\uff08Free Indirect Discourse\uff09\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u58f0\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u8005\u306e\u58f0\u304c\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u5883\u754c\u3092\u6301\u305f\u305a\u306b\u878d\u5408\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8108\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e &#8220;I call it fake news.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f15\u7528\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6a29\u529b\u8005\u306e\u767a\u8a00\u3092\u5730\u306e\u6587\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u76ae\u8089\u3068\u6279\u5224\u306e\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u5897\u5e45\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u516c\u5f0f\u3067\u306f\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u304d\u308c\u306a\u3044\u4fee\u8f9e\u7684\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u751f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3002<br>(d) \u4ed6\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2: \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6392\u9664\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5206\u6790\u306f\u3001\u300c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u300d\u3068\u5f37\u56fa\u306b\u88dc\u5b8c\u3057\u5408\u3046\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u540c\u5024\u6027\uff08semantic equivalence\uff09\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u300c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u968e\u5c64\uff08\u8ab0\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u304b\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u771f\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8aad\u89e3\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u3068\u89e3\u6cd5\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3011<\/strong><br>U\u76f8\u5f53\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5404\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8d77\u52d5\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u308b\u300c\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u300d\u306b\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u7740\u773c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8a2d\u554f(24)\u304b\u3089(28)\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7b2c4\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u4ee5\u964d\u306e &#8220;First&#8221; \u304b\u3089 &#8220;Finally&#8221; \u307e\u3067\u306e\u5404\u8ad6\u306b\u4e00\u5bfe\u4e00\u3067\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6574\u7136\u3068\u3057\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u521d\u52d5\u3067\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u5148\u8aad\u307f\u3057\u3001\u8a72\u5f53\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u540c\u6642\u4e26\u884c\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001&#8221;Because\u2026&#8221; \u3084 &#8220;This is why\u2026&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u5206\u6790\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3092\u898b\u9003\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u521d\u898b\u30fb\u985e\u984c\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3011<\/strong><br>\u672c\u554f\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3092\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3068\u3057\u305f\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u306f\u3001\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u307b\u304b\u3001\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u90e8\u3084\u56fd\u969b\u6559\u990a\u5b66\u90e8\u3067\u3082\u6975\u3081\u3066\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u985e\u984c\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305a\u306f\u300c\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u56f3\u5f0f\uff08\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u30fb\u6559\u80b2 vs \u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u30fb\u7121\u77e5\uff09\u300d\u3092\u4f59\u767d\u306b\u30e1\u30e2\u3057\u3001\u5404\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3067\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u9663\u55b6\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u632f\u308a\u5206\u3051\u308b\u8a13\u7df4\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u985e\u984c\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u7406\u8ad6\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u8c61\uff08\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u4f8b\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u7f85\u5217\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u305a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u675f\u306d\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3078\u3068\u5e38\u306b\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u90e8\u5206\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3011<\/strong><br>\u672c\u5927\u554f\u306f\u5168\u554f\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u89e3\u7b54\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u89e3\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u306e\u6226\u7565\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u8a2d\u554f(25)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u304c\u6559\u80b2\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u3069\u3046\u5909\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u3044\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a22\u306e &#8220;encouraging students to deliberate critically&#8221; \u3084\u9078\u629e\u80a23\u306e &#8220;making great efforts not to interfere&#8221; \u304c\u6a29\u5a01\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff08\u7d71\u5236\u3068\u6291\u5727\uff09\u3068\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6c17\u3065\u3051\u3070\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u7167\u5408\u3092\u5f85\u305f\u305a\u3068\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e2\u3064\u3092\u6587\u8108\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\u304b\u3089\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u6b8b\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;suppress dissent&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u5f59\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a24\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u4ed8\u3051\u304c\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u5f97\u70b9\u5b89\u5b9a\u5316\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8aa4\u7b54\u56de\u907f\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u3011<\/strong><br>\u5178\u578b\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u672c\u6587\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\uff08\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070 &#8220;fake news&#8221; \u3084 &#8220;propaganda&#8221;\uff09\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3060\u3051\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3067\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u98db\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u8a2d\u554f(27)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a24\u306f &#8220;fake news&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u300c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u81ea\u7531\u306a\u5831\u9053\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u300c\u5358\u8a9e\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u7f60\u300d\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u793a\u3059\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff08\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff09\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u65e8\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5fc5\u305a\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u7fd2\u6163\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><br>\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u985e\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5206\u96e2\uff09\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3084\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u81ea\u8aac\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u5168\u822c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u691c\u8a3c\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5404\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u7d42\u3048\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u300c\u3053\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u306f5\u3064\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u4f55\u756a\u76ee\u3067\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u4f55\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u309210\u5b57\u4ee5\u5185\u3067\u8981\u7d04\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u7d30\u90e8\u306b\u57cb\u6ca1\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8a3c\u62e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><br><strong>\u3010\u8a72\u5f53\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M03-\u8ad6\u7406]<br>\u2514 \u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u4f7f\u7528<br><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M01-\u6587\u8108], [\u500b\u5225 M06-\u6a2a\u65ad], [\u500b\u5225 M12-\u6a2a\u65ad]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff14\u554f \u89e3\u8aac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><br>\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u6a19\u6e96\u304b\u3089\u96e3\u95a2\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u30fb\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u3001\u6587\u69cb\u9020\uff08S,V,O,C\uff09\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u898b\u629c\u3044\u3066\u9069\u5207\u306a\u8a9e\u53e5\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<br>\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u6a19\u6e96\u301c\u767a\u5c55<br>\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 7\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><br>\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<br>\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u77ed\u6587\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5404\u6587\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u6587\u6cd5\u9805\u76ee\uff08\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u3001\u54c1\u8a5e\u30fb\u8a9e\u5f59\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\uff09\u304c\u6563\u308a\u3070\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<br>\u2192 \u7a7a\u6240\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u7279\u5b9a<br>(30) \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e in \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u8907\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<br>(31) \u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6838\uff08head noun\uff09\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<br>(32) \u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5e30\u7d50\u7bc0\uff08would be\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u3002<br>(33) \u540d\u8a5e remarks \u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u30fb\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<br>(34) \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e in \u3068\u540d\u8a5e case \u3092\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u3002<br>(36) \u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587 as\u2026as \u306e\u9593\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff0b\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u898f\u5247\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<br>\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593: 4\u5206\uff09<br>(30) \u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u5f8c\u306b &#8220;country they entered first&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\uff0bSV\u304c\u7d9a\u304f\u3002\u300c\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u6700\u521d\u306b\u5165\u56fd\u3057\u305f\u3069\u306e\u56fd\u3067\u3082\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3057\u8b72\u6b69\u30fb\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8907\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e whichever \u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<br>(31) &#8220;the percentage of over-15-year-olds in Switzerland who volunteer in organizations and associations&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u9577\u5927\u306a\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u3092\u524a\u304e\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3001\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u304c &#8220;the percentage&#8221;\uff08\u5358\u6570\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u5358\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e is \u304c\u5165\u308b\u3002<br>(32) \u4e3b\u7bc0\u304c &#8220;There would be more people\u2026&#8221; \u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5e30\u7d50\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7a7a\u6240\u306b\u306f\u300c\u3082\u3057\u301c\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3002If it were not for \u306e If \u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f were it not for \u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u552f\u4e00\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<br>(33) &#8220;remarks&#8221;\uff08\u8a00\u8449\uff09\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3057\u3001\u300c\u79f0\u8cdb\u306e\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8a9e\u5f59\u3002complimentary\uff08\u79f0\u8cdb\u306e\u3001\u7121\u6599\u306e\uff09\u304c\u9069\u5408\u3002complementary\uff08\u88dc\u8db3\u7684\u306a\uff09\u3068\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u8a98\u3046\u554f\u984c\u3002<br>(34) &#8220;in [ ] case&#8221; \u3067\u300c\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u300d\u3068\u524d\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3064\u3064\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b in which case \u304c\u5165\u308b\u3002<br>(36) &#8220;as + \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + a\/an + \u540d\u8a5e&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u9806\u898f\u5247\u3002as good-natured a turtle \u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306e as \u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001&#8221;as ever lived&#8221;\uff08\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u751f\u304d\u305f\u4e2d\u3067\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6700\u4e0a\u7d1a\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5f37\u8abf\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<br>\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u691c\u8a3c<br>\u5404\u7a7a\u6240\u306b\u9078\u629e\u3057\u305f\u8a9e\u3092\u4ee3\u5165\u3057\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3068\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306a\u81ea\u7136\u3055\u3092\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b(32)\u3084(36)\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587\u306f\u3001\u5143\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u306b\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3066\u7834\u7dbb\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>(32) \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e would be \u304b\u3089\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u5012\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0 were it not for \u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(36) \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001as \u304c\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e good-natured \u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u51a0\u8a5e a \u304c\u5f8c\u9000\u3057\u3066 as + \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + a + \u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306b\u306a\u308b\u898f\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a21\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><br>(30) 4<br>(31) 4<br>(32) 4<br>(33) 2<br>(34) 3<br>(35) 1<br>(36) 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><br>\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<br>(30) whichever \u306f\u8907\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540d\u8a5e\uff08country\uff09\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u98fe\u3057\u3001\u300c\u301c\u3059\u308b\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\/\u3069\u306e\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\u3067\u3082\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002however \u3084 whoever \u306f\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<br>(32) \u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0 &#8220;If it were not for X&#8221;\uff08\u3082\u3057X\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\uff09\u304b\u3089\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e If \u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e it \u3068 be\u52d5\u8a5e were \u304c\u5012\u7f6e\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057 &#8220;were it not for X&#8221; \u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a24\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<br>(31) &#8220;over-15-year-olds&#8221; \u3084 &#8220;organizations and associations&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\uff08\u8fd1\u63a5\u5f15\u529b\uff09\u3001\u8907\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e are \u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u306f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u30df\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306f\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6838\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u539f\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br>(33) complication\uff08\u8907\u96d1\u3055\uff09\u3001comply\uff08\u5f93\u3046\uff09\u3001compulsory\uff08\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306a\uff09\u306f\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u6587\u8108\u304a\u3088\u3073\u54c1\u8a5e\u306e\u8981\u8acb\uff08\u540d\u8a5e remarks \u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u300c\u79f0\u8cdb\u306e\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff09\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><br>\u672c\u5927\u554f\u3067\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8ad6\u8a3c\u7684\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<br>(a) \u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027: \u8a2d\u554f(32)\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\uff08If\u306e\u7701\u7565\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30d0\u30ea\u30a8\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff08counterfactual condition\uff09\u3092\u3088\u308a\u7dca\u8feb\u611f\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u3088\u308a\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30eb\u306a\u6587\u8a9e\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002If\u3092\u7701\u7565\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3044\u3061\u65e9\u304f\u77e5\u3089\u305b\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<br>(b) \u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b: \u8a2d\u554f(36)\u306e &#8220;as good-natured a turtle&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u9806\u306f\u3001as, so, too, how \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u304c\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u526f\u8a5e as \u306f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e good-natured \u306b\u5f37\u304f\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u51a0\u8a5e a \u3092\u98db\u3073\u8d8a\u3048\u3066\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u5148\u982d\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066 &#8220;as + \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + a + \u540d\u8a5e&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u5f37\u5236\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br>(c) \u9650\u754c\u30fb\u4f8b\u5916: \u8a2d\u554f(34)\u306e in which case \u306f\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e which \u304c\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u6587\u5168\u4f53\uff08\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\uff09\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u6307\u793a\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u7bc0\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u306e which \u304c\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e which \u306f\u540d\u8a5e\uff08case\uff09\u3092\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u300c\u305d\u306e\u301c\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6ed1\u3089\u304b\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<br>(d) \u4ed6\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2: \u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u8a2d\u554f31\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u9577\u5927\u306a\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u5834\u5408\u3001\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u91c8\u3088\u308a\u3082\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306a\u968e\u5c64\u5206\u6790\uff08\u4f55\u304c\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u3067\u4f55\u304c\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u304b\uff09\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3055\u305b\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3084\u5206\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6587\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u898b\u5931\u308f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u3068\u89e3\u6cd5\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3011<\/strong><br>\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e00\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u69cb\u9020\uff08SVO\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u3068\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5883\u754c\uff09\u3092\u4fef\u77b0\u3059\u308b\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u65b9\u91dd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u304c\u96e2\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u554f\u984c\uff0831\uff09\u3084\u3001\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u30fb\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587\uff0832, 36\uff09\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306e\u300c\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u611f\u899a\u300d\u306e\u88cf\u3092\u304b\u3053\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7b87\u6240\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u611f\u899a\u306b\u983c\u3089\u305a\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u898f\u5247\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u691c\u8a3c\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u7fd2\u6163\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u521d\u898b\u30fb\u985e\u984c\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3011<\/strong><br>\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u8907\u5408\u5f62\uff08whichever, whatever \u7b49\uff09\u3084\u3001\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u79c1\u5927\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u983b\u51fa\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u985e\u984c\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u516c\u5f0f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6697\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5143\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u6587\uff08If it were not for\u2026 \/ a turtle which is as good-natured as\u2026\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u7701\u7565\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\uff09\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u305d\u306e\u5f62\u306b\u81f3\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u624b\u3067\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u4e00\u5ea6\u8e0f\u3093\u3067\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u90e8\u5206\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3011<\/strong><br>\u672c\u554f\u306f\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u89e3\u7b54\u3092\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u300c\u54c1\u8a5e\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u30d8\u30c3\u30b8\u6226\u7565\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070(30)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306b\u540d\u8a5e country \u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u98fe\u3067\u304d\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff08whichever\uff09\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u304d\u308c\u3070\u3001\u610f\u5473\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u524d\u306b however \u3084 whoever \u3092\u5b89\u5168\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e8c\u6bb5\u69cb\u3048\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u304c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8aa4\u7b54\u56de\u907f\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u3011<\/strong><br>\u5178\u578b\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300c\u8fd1\u63a5\u5f15\u529b\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b(31)\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u3042\u308b associations\uff08\u8907\u6570\u5f62\uff09\u3092\u898b\u3066 are \u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u69cb\u9020\uff08The percentage\u2026\uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u6020\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5e38\u306b\u300c\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306f\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u539f\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u62ec\u5f27\u3067\u304f\u304f\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\uff08Head noun\uff09\u3092\u8996\u899a\u5316\u3059\u308b\u8a13\u7df4\u304c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u306b\u76f4\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><br>\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\uff08\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u5206\u6790\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\uff09\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u304c\u96e2\u308c\u305f\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6587\u3084\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587\u5168\u822c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u691c\u8a3c\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3060\u5f8c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8a9e\u3092\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u623b\u3057\u3066SVO\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3068\u4fee\u98fe\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u7834\u7dbb\u306a\u304f\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8aac\u660e\u306b\u8a70\u307e\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u304c\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><br><strong>\u3010\u8a72\u5f53\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M04-\u7d71\u8a9e]<br>\u2514 \u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u691c\u8a3c\u3068\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u4f7f\u7528<br><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M06-\u6a2a\u65ad], [\u57fa\u76e4 M01-\u7d71\u8a9e]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff15\u554f \u89e3\u8aac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><br>\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u77ed\u6587\u30d1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3057\u305f\u7cbe\u7dfb\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u30fb\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<br>\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u6a19\u6e96\u301c\u767a\u5c55<br>\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><br>\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<br>\u96c6\u56e3\u3078\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\uff08group identity\uff09\u3068\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u5916\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u30fb\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8ad6\u3058\u305f\u77ed\u3044\u30a8\u30c3\u30bb\u30a4\u3002\u9006\u63a5\u3084\u9806\u63a5\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u305f\u3069\u308a\u3001\u6587\u8108\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u80af\u5b9a\u30fb\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<br>\u2192 \u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3068\u6587\u8108\u306e\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u7279\u5b9a<br>(37) \u76f4\u524d\u306e &#8220;However, it can also be quite [ ].&#8221; \u306e However \u304c\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e &#8220;social consequences&#8221;\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ee3\u511f\uff1d\u30cd\u30ac\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u9006\u63a5\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001[ ] \u5185\u306f\u30dd\u30b8\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306a\u8a55\u4fa1\u8a9e\u304c\u5165\u308b\u3068\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u3002<br>(38) &#8220;[ ] to the group&#8217;s implicit rules&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3002<br>(39) &#8220;outside the [ ], so to speak&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6bd4\u55a9\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u96c6\u56e3\u3084\u540c\u8abf\u5727\u529b\u306e\u8c61\u5fb4\u3068\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u3002<br>(40) &#8220;[ ] notions&#8221; \u3067\u300c\u96c6\u56e3\u7684\u306a\u30fb\u5171\u901a\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3002<br>(41) &#8220;[ ] out of a group&#8221; \u3067\u300c\u96c6\u56e3\u304b\u3089\u8ffd\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3002<br>(42) &#8220;[ ] close to&#8221; \u3067\u300c\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u30fb\u7d14\u7c8b\u306b\u89aa\u3057\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<br>\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593: 5\u5206\uff09<br>(37) \u7d9a\u304f\u6587\u3067 &#8220;This confers two beneficial traits\u2026&#8221;\uff08\u3053\u308c\u306f2\u3064\u306e\u6709\u76ca\u306a\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6388\u3051\u308b\uff09\u3068\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u304c\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08advantageous, controversial, excluded, overwhelmed\uff09\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u8981\u8acb\uff08\u30dd\u30b8\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306a\u8a55\u4fa1\uff09\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u306e\u306f advantageous\uff08\u6709\u5229\u306a\u3001\u6709\u76ca\u306a\uff09\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br>(38) \u300c\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u7e1b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u5f71\u97ff\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u8108\u3002be subject to\uff08\u301c\u306b\u670d\u5f93\u3059\u308b\u3001\u301c\u306e\u652f\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\uff09\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62 &#8220;aren&#8217;t subject to&#8221; \u304c\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u3082\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u3082\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<br>(39) \u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u540c\u8abf\u5727\u529b\u3092\u6bd4\u55a9\u7684\u306b\u8868\u3059\u8a9e\u3002hive\uff08\u30df\u30c4\u30d0\u30c1\u306e\u5de3\uff09\u306f &#8220;hive mind&#8221;\uff08\u96c6\u56e3\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u540c\u8abf\u5727\u529b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u30e1\u30bf\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u82f1\u8a9e\u570f\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u6279\u8a55\u3067\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002outside the hive \u3067\u300c\u96c6\u56e3\u5fc3\u7406\u306e\u5916\u5074\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002<br>(40) \u96c6\u56e3\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8986\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6050\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u300c\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u96c6\u56e3\u304c\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u300c\u96c6\u56e3\u7684\u30fb\u5171\u901a\u306e\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3002collective\uff08\u96c6\u56e3\u7684\u306a\u3001\u5171\u540c\u306e\uff09\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u59a5\u5f53\u3002<br>(41) \u5c5e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u96c6\u56e3\u304b\u3089\u306f\u300c\u8ffd\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u8108\u3002cast out\uff08\u8ffd\u3044\u51fa\u3059\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3059\u308b\uff09\u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u304c\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002burnt, found, gone \u306f out \u3068\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u3066\u9069\u5207\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u306a\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3002<br>(42) \u5927\u8846\u6587\u5316\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u300c\u7d14\u7c8b\u306b\u300d\u89aa\u3057\u3044\u3068\u611f\u3058\u308b\u4eba\u3068\u306e\u7d46\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002genuinely\uff08\u7d14\u7c8b\u306b\u3001\u5fc3\u304b\u3089\uff09\u304c close \u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6587\u8108\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<br>\u2192 \u30d1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u8a8d<br>\u9078\u629e\u3057\u305f\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u6bb5\u843d\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u8fd4\u3057\u3001\u96c6\u56e3\u306b\u5c5e\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306e\u300c\u5229\u70b9\uff08\u81ea\u5f8b\u6027\u3068\u771f\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3084\u9038\u8131\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>(37) \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001However \u3068 beneficial traits \u306e\u631f\u307f\u6483\u3061\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a21 advantageous \u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(39) \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6bd4\u55a9\u306e\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb &#8220;so to speak&#8221; \u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u3001\u96c6\u56e3\u3092\u8c61\u5fb4\u3059\u308b\u30e1\u30bf\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066 hive \u3092\u9078\u629e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><br>(37) 1<br>(38) 4<br>(39) 3<br>(40) 1<br>(41) 2<br>(42) 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><br>\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<br>(37) advantageous \u306f\u300c\u6709\u5229\u306a\u3001\u6709\u76ca\u306a\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b &#8220;beneficial traits&#8221; \u3068\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306a\u7b49\u4fa1\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\uff09\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u30bb\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<br>(38) be subject to \u306f\u300c\u301c\u306e\u652f\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3001\u301c\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62 aren&#8217;t subject to \u304c\u7d9a\u304f &#8220;or swayed by its influence&#8221;\uff08\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u63fa\u3055\u3076\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3068\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3001\u610f\u5473\u3092\u76f8\u4e92\u88dc\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<br>(37) controversial\uff08\u7269\u8b70\u3092\u91b8\u3059\uff09\u3001excluded\uff08\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff09\u3001overwhelmed\uff08\u5727\u5012\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff09\u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e &#8220;beneficial&#8221; \u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u30fb\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u4fa1\u5024\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6fc0\u3057\u304f\u885d\u7a81\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6587\u8108\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<br>(42) superficially\uff08\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u306f\uff09\u3084 loosely\uff08\u7de9\u304f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u526f\u8a5e\u306f\u3001\u300c\u7d46\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\uff08further deepening already strong bonds\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><br>\u672c\u5927\u554f\u3067\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3084\u5b9a\u5f62\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8ad6\u8a3c\u7684\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<br>(a) \u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027: \u8a2d\u554f(38)\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b &#8220;subject to&#8221; \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6063\u610f\u7684\u306a\u6697\u8a18\u5bfe\u8c61\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002subject\uff08\u4e0b\u306b\u6295\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u6e90\u7684\u306a\u7a7a\u9593\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u304c\u3001&#8221;to&#8221; \u306e\u6301\u3064\u300c\u5230\u9054\u70b9\u30fb\u5bfe\u9762\u300d\u306e\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u300c\u6a29\u529b\u3084\u898f\u5247\u306e\u4e0b\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u304b\u3064\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br>(b) \u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b: \u8a2d\u554f(39)\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b &#8220;hive&#8221; \u306e\u9078\u629e\u306f\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u30e1\u30bf\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u300d\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4eba\u9593\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08group identity, consensus\uff09\u3092\u3001\u500b\u4f53\u3092\u6301\u305f\u305a\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u52d5\u304f\u6606\u866b\u306e\u30b3\u30ed\u30cb\u30fc\uff08\u30df\u30c4\u30d0\u30c1\u306e\u5de3\uff1dhive\uff09\u306b\u5199\u50cf\uff08\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u8a55\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6975\u3081\u3066\u751f\u7523\u7684\u306a\u30e1\u30bf\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30e1\u30bf\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082 &#8220;outside the hive&#8221; \u304c\u300c\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u540c\u8abf\u5727\u529b\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8131\u5374\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u63a8\u8ad6\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<br>(c) \u9650\u754c\u30fb\u4f8b\u5916: \u8a2d\u554f(41)\u306e &#8220;cast out&#8221; \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u53e5\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08phrasal verb\uff09\u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u526f\u8a5e\/\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u50cd\u304f\u3002be cast out of \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u304c\u9023\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001\u53e5\u52d5\u8a5e\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3057\u305f\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8a3c\u5de6\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u9078\u629e\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<br>(d) \u4ed6\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2: \u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u554f\u984c\u5168\u822c\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u8108\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u300c\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u6975\u6027\uff08\u30dd\u30b8\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u304b\u30cd\u30ac\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u304b\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u5206\u6790\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5206\u6790\u306b\u5e38\u306b\u5148\u884c\u3057\u3001\u304b\u3064\u305d\u308c\u3092\u5f37\u304f\u7d71\u5236\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u8a2d\u554f(37)\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5de8\u8996\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u5fae\u8996\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u3068\u89e3\u6cd5\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3011<\/strong><br>\u77ed\u6587\u30d1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u542b\u3080\u4e00\u6587\u3060\u3051\u3092\u898b\u3066\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u3081\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u8131\u5374\u3057\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u300c\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u300d\u3092\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u65b9\u91dd\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001However, In fact, Given that \u306a\u3069\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u304c\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u5236\u7d04\uff08\u9806\u63a5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u540c\u7fa9\u8a9e\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u9006\u63a5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5bfe\u7fa9\u8a9e\u306e\u8981\u6c42\uff09\u3092\u8ab2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6700\u3082\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u89e3\u6cd5\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u521d\u898b\u30fb\u985e\u984c\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3011<\/strong><br>\u65e9\u6176\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7fa9\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u6bd4\u55a9\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3084\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u306a\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08&#8221;hive mind&#8221; \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u985e\u984c\u6f14\u7fd2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u89e3\u3057\u305f\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u899a\u3048\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u306a\u305c\u305d\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304f\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u610f\u5473\u306e\u89aa\u548c\u6027\u300d\u3084\u300c\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u300d\u307e\u3067\u8e0f\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u521d\u898b\u306e\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u985e\u63a8\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u5287\u7684\u306b\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u90e8\u5206\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3011<\/strong><br>\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u5f0f\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6b63\u7b54\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u304c\u6301\u3066\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u300c\u54c1\u8a5e\u300d\u3068\u300c\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u6975\u6027\uff08\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\/\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4e8c\u8ef8\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070(42)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6587\u8108\u304c\u300c\u5f37\u3044\u7d46\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308c\u3070\u3001\u610f\u5473\u304c\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082 superficially\uff08\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\uff09\u3084 loosely\uff08\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\uff09\u3092\u5b89\u5168\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u7b54\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8aa4\u7b54\u56de\u907f\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u3011<\/strong><br>\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u76f4\u8a33\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070(40)\u3067\u300c\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u9069\u5f53\u306a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u3076\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u524d\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306e &#8220;group consensus&#8221; \u3084 &#8220;group thinking&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u96c6\u56e3\u300d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6d3e\u751f\u3059\u308b &#8220;collective&#8221; \u3092\u9078\u3076\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5e38\u306b\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306b\u3042\u308b\u624b\u639b\u304b\u308a\uff08\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027\uff09\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u7b54\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u59ff\u52e2\u304c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><br>\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\uff08\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u7d71\u5408\uff09\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u554f\u984c\u5168\u822c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u691c\u8a3c\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u306b\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u5165\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6587\u3068\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u300c\u3060\u304b\u3089\u300d\u300c\u3057\u304b\u3057\u300d\u300c\u3064\u307e\u308a\u300d\u306a\u3069\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8aac\u660e\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u9078\u3093\u3060\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u6587\u8108\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u9038\u8131\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><br><strong>\u3010\u8a72\u5f53\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M05-\u6587\u8108]<br>\u2514 \u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5b9a\u5f62\u8868\u73fe\u30fb\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u4f7f\u7528<br><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M06-\u6a2a\u65ad], [\u500b\u5225 M12-\u6a2a\u65ad]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff16\u554f \u89e3\u8aac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3:\u77ed\u6587\u30d1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u628a\u63e1\u3001\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\uff08\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\uff09\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u63a8\u8ad6\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6:\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u767a\u5c55\u4e0a\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593:8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u5927\u554f\u306f4\u3064\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u77ed\u6587\u30d1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3084\u540c\u610f\u3059\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u63a8\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5404\u30d1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306f100\u301c150\u8a9e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3068\u77ed\u3044\u304c\u3001\u6bd4\u55a9\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\u3001\u9006\u63a5\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u304c\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u62fe\u3044\u8aad\u307f\u3067\u306f\u6b63\u7b54\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u304c\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u30d1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3054\u3068\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8ee2\u63db\u70b9\uff08However, Thus, Hence\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7b87\u6240(\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u9806):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9006\u63a5\u3084\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff08However, Thus, Hence\uff09\u3068\u305d\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u6bd4\u55a9\u304b\u3089\u5b57\u7fa9\u901a\u308a\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3078\u306e\u5909\u63db\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u9650\u5b9a\u8a9e\uff08all, entirely, most, only\uff09\u3084\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u6975\u6027\u3002\u30b9\u30ad\u30c3\u30d7\u3057\u3066\u3088\u3044\u7b87\u6240:\u5358\u306a\u308b\u80cc\u666f\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u7f85\u5217\u3084\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u306a\u3044\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593:120\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8 \u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96 \u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020 \u5bfe\u6bd4\u3084\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6587\u3092\u62bd\u51fa 40\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba \u672c\u6587\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u3069\u3046\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c 40\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664 \u300c\u8a00\u3044\u904e\u304e\u300d\u300c\u30ba\u30ec\u300d\u300c\u9006\u300d\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6d88\u53bb 40\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u540c\u5024\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(43) \u672c\u6587\u306f\u300c\u5b8c\u74a7\u3055\u3092\u624b\u653e\u3059\u3053\u3068\uff08letting go of perfection\uff09\u300d\u304c\u8aad\u66f8\u7fd2\u6163\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u4f53\u9a13\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300c\u7d30\u304b\u3044\u70b9\u306b\u57f7\u7740\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3088\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u89e6\u308c\u3001\u7269\u8a9e\u306b\u6ca1\u5165\u3067\u304d\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u63a8\u5968\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u697d\u3057\u3081\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u8aad\u66f8\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u63a8\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(44) \u9577\u671f\u5929\u6c17\u4e88\u5831\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e0b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u8aac\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306f\u300c10\u65e5\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u4e88\u5831\u306f\u305b\u3044\u305c\u3044\u534a\u5206\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u3067\u3057\u304b\u5f53\u305f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3092\u300c\u5927\u6c17\u3068\u6c17\u5019\u304c\u5e38\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306b\u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069\u63a8\u5b9a\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(45) \u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u6ce8\u610f\u306e\u5e0c\u5c11\u6027\u300d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3002\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u8c4a\u304b\u3055\u304c\u6ce8\u610f\u306e\u8ca7\u56f0\u3092\u751f\u3080\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53cd\u6bd4\u4f8b\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6ce8\u610f\uff08currency\uff09\u3092\u4f55\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u304b\u8ce2\u660e\u306b\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(46) \u7d76\u6ec5\u5371\u60e7\u7a2e\u306e\u5fa9\u6d3b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6279\u5224\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u524d\u534a\u3067\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u671f\u5f85\u304c\u7d39\u4ecb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u300cHowever\u300d\u4ee5\u964d\u3067\u591a\u304f\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6279\u5224\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u300c\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u7121\u99c4\u9063\u3044\u300d\u300c\u73fe\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u7a2e\u3092\u6551\u3046\u52aa\u529b\u306e\u963b\u5bb3\u300d\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u7834\u58ca\u304c\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u76f4\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u8003\u3048\u3092\u7523\u696d\u754c\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u30463\u70b9\u306e\u6279\u5224\u6839\u62e0\u304c\u5217\u6319\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(43) 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(44) 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(45) 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(46) 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(43) \u9078\u629e\u80a22\u300cA book with content one can understand well enough without being discouraged\u300d\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300cThe words I could understand were enough to keep me going, even if my comprehension wasn&#8217;t perfect\u300d\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u540c\u5024\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5b8c\u74a7\u306a\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7d99\u7d9a\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(44) \u9078\u629e\u80a21\u300cAccurate long-term weather forecasting is challenging due to unstable conditions\u300d\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300cmodels have to use estimates and assumptions&#8230; those estimates are less reliable the further you get into the future\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5927\u6c17\u306e\u7d76\u3048\u9593\u306a\u3044\u5909\u5316\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u3001\u300cunstable conditions\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3057\u3066\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(45) \u9078\u629e\u80a21\u300cOne needs to carefully select what information to focus on in today&#8217;s world\u300d\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u300cThus we need to be wise when we decide what we&#8217;re going to spend our limited currency on\u300d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300ccurrency\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u306e\u6bd4\u55a9\uff09\u300d\u3092\u300cinformation to focus on\u300d\u3078\u3068\u9069\u5207\u306b\u9006\u7b97\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u63d0\u8a00\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(46) \u9078\u629e\u80a21\u300cBringing back lost species seems like a noble idea, but it will most likely cause more problems than it solves\u300d\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u524d\u534a\u306e\u671f\u5f85\uff08noble idea\u306e\u6697\u793a\uff09\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5f0a\u5bb3\uff08\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3001\u52aa\u529b\u306e\u5206\u6563\u3001\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u300ccause more problems than it solves\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u8981\u7d04\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(43) \u9078\u629e\u80a21\u306f\u8f9e\u66f8\u3067\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63a8\u5968\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u74a7\u3055\u3092\u624b\u653e\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a23\u306f\u52c9\u5f37\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63a8\u5968\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300cstudy to a fun habit\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u300c\u30ad\u30ba\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a24\u306f\u30ad\u30e3\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3078\u306e\u5171\u611f\u306e\u96e3\u3057\u3055\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300cgrew fond of the characters\u300d\u3068\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(44) \u9078\u629e\u80a22\u306e\u300centirely accurate\u300d\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304c\u4e88\u6e2c\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u300c\u8a00\u3044\u904e\u304e\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a23\u306e\u300cover 80% accurate\u300d\u306f\u9577\u671f\u4e88\u5831\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff08\u7d0450%\uff09\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u305f\u300c\u30ba\u30ec\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a24\u306e\u300cinsights and experiences\u300d\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304c\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(45) \u9078\u629e\u80a22\u306e\u300cequal balance\u300d\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300cuneven exchange\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a23\u306f\u300c\u8c4a\u304b\u3055\u304c\u6ce8\u610f\u6df1\u3055\u3092\u751f\u3080\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u300cpoverty of attention\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a24\u306f\u300ccurrency\u300d\u3092\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306a\u91d1\u92ad\u7684\u8c4a\u304b\u3055\u3068\u8aa4\u89e3\u3057\u305f\u300c\u30ba\u30ec\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(46) \u9078\u629e\u80a22\u306f\u7d76\u6ec5\u7a2e\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3092\u300cmost promising solution\u300d\u3068\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6279\u5224\u7684\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a23\u306e\u300c\u7523\u696d\u754c\u306f\u74b0\u5883\u7834\u58ca\u3092\u6c17\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u66f2\u89e3\u3057\u305f\u300c\u30ba\u30ec\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a24\u306f\u300cfailed strategy\u300d\u3068\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300ccould give industries the idea\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u63a8\u91cf\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u300c\u8a00\u3044\u904e\u304e\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u77ed\u6587\u8ad6\u7406\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u3001\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u60c5\u5831\u304b\u3089\u300c\u524d\u63d0\u300d\u3068\u300c\u7d50\u8ad6\u300d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9023\u9396\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6839\u62e0\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5b57\u6570\u3067\u4f1d\u9054\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u6bd4\u55a9\u3084\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u5727\u7e2e\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u6b20\u5982\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u300ccurrency\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u3092\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u300c\u901a\u8ca8\u300d\u3068\u76f4\u8a33\u3057\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u904e\u591a\u3068\u6ce8\u610f\u306e\u67af\u6e07\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Herbert Simon\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u3092\u5168\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6a5f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5168\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\u306b\u9665\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305a\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u526f\u8a5e\uff08Thus, Hence, However\uff09\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u6bd4\u55a9\u8868\u73fe\uff08\u4f8b\uff1acognitive equivalent of the junk food aisle\uff09\u304c\u6307\u3057\u793a\u3059\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u9818\u57df\u3092\u9006\u7b97\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u62bd\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u540c\u5024\u6027\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u3067\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306a\u5909\u63db\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b66\u8853\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u7279\u6027\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9069\u7528\u306b\u306f\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9650\u754c\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u6b20\u843d\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u30a2\u30d6\u30c0\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08\u6700\u826f\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u306b\u5411\u3051\u305f\u63a8\u8ad6\uff09\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u6f14\u7e79\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u6b63\u7b54\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3046\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070(46)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7d76\u6ec5\u7a2e\u5fa9\u6d3b\u304c\u300c\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u500b\u5225\u306e\u5f0a\u5bb3\u306e\u5217\u6319\u304b\u3089\u5e30\u7d0d\u7684\u306b\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u63a8\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u5bfe\u4e00\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u7167\u5408\u3067\u306f\u8a3c\u660e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u62bd\u51fa\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u306a\u3044\u30fb\u9006\u30fb\u8a00\u3044\u904e\u304e\u30fb\u30ad\u30ba\u30fb\u30ba\u30ec\uff09\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u300c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u5224\u5b9a\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u88dc\u5b8c\u3057\u5408\u3046\u968e\u5c64\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u304c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u4f8b\uff1auneven exchange \u3092 equal balance \u3068\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3053\u3068\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308c\u3070\u3001\u7af6\u5408\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u5834\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b89\u5168\u306b\u8aa4\u7b54\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u3068\u89e3\u6cd5\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u77ed\u6587\u8ad6\u7406\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5404\u30d1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u3084\u3001\u9006\u63a5\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u6587\u304c\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u3044\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u7279\u5fb4\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u51fa\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3002(45)\u306e\u300cHence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention.\u300d\u3084\u3001(46)\u306e\u300cHowever, many scientists have criticized&#8230;\u300d\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5178\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u89e3\u6cd5\u306e\u8d77\u52d5\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305a\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3092\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u300c\u7d50\u8ad6\u300d\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u5148\u884c\u3057\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u300c\u524d\u63d0\u300d\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u9061\u3063\u3066\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u9006\u7b97\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u304c\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u521d\u898b\u30fb\u985e\u984c\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u985e\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u5cd9\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u2192\u524d\u63d0\u306e\u9006\u7b97\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6c4e\u7528\u7684\u306b\u9069\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u90e8\u3084\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u90e8\u306a\u3069\u3067\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u6b66\u5668\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u985e\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3067\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f8b\uff1aperfectionism, unconstrained technology\uff09\u304c\u3001\u6b63\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u306f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\uff1aletting go of specifics, regulating AI\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5909\u63db\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8010\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u306e\u9375\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u90e8\u5206\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u8a2d\u554f\u306f\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u70b9\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u4e8c\u629e\u307e\u3067\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u969b\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6226\u7565\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d1\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u65b9\u5411\uff08\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff09\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d2\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u3067\u300cmay\u300d\u3084\u300ccould\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u6cd5\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7559\u4fdd\u304c\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u547d\u984c\u3092\u3001\u300cwill\u300d\u3084\u300calways\u300d\u3067\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a00\u3044\u904e\u304e\u306e\u7f60\uff09\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d3\uff1a\u6642\u9593\u5207\u308c\u304c\u8feb\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u304b\u3089\u6700\u3082\u9060\u3044\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u7523\u696d\u754c\u306f\u74b0\u5883\u7834\u58ca\u3092\u6c17\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u7b54\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8aa4\u7b54\u56de\u907f\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6176\u61c9\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u7f60\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u4e3b\u5ba2\u3092\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u300c\u9006\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u30ba\u30ec\u300d\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(44)\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300centirely accurate\u300d\u3084(45)\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300cequal balance\u300d\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u6563\u308a\u3070\u3081\u3064\u3064\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u306f\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u30de\u30c3\u30c1\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u305b\u305a\u3001\u6587\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\uff08SVOC\uff09\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u7fd2\u6163\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8a9e\uff08only, wholly, simply\uff09\u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u9038\u8131\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u7591\u3046\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8907\u6570\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u304c\u4f75\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30d1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u5168\u822c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66 \u5546\u5b66\u90e8 2024\u5e74\u5ea6 \u7b2c6\u554f\uff08\u77ed\u6587\u8ad6\u7406\u8aad\u89e3\uff09\u3001\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66 \u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u90e8 2023\u5e74\u5ea6 \u7b2c2\u554f\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u554f\u984c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81ea\u5df1\u691c\u8a3c\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8: \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u5358\u306b\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u611f\u899a\u7684\u306b\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u3053\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u9006\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u300c\u3053\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8a9e\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8d85\u904e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u6bce\u554f\u660e\u793a\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8a72\u5f53\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M07-\u8996\u5ea7] \u77ed\u6587\u8ad6\u7406\u8aad\u89e3\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u30fb\u524d\u63d0\u8b58\u5225<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u9006\u63a5\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3084\u7d50\u8ad6\u8a98\u5c0e\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u524d\u63d0\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u5207\u308a\u5206\u3051\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M06-\u8996\u5ea7] \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff17\u554f \u89e3\u8aac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3:\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\uff08\u54c1\u8a5e\u3001\u6642\u5236\u3001\u614b\u3001\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u6027\u8cea\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8a9e\u7fa4\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u89e3\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u80fd\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u904b\u7528\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6:\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u767a\u5c55\u4e0a\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593:6\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f6\u3064\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08arise, build, discard, precede, preoccupy, slide\uff09\u3092\u3001\u6587\u8108\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3068\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8981\u8acb\u306e\u4e21\u9762\u304b\u3089\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u306b\u5909\u5f62\u3057\u3001\u7a7a\u6240(a)\u301c(f)\u306b\u88dc\u5145\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5358\u306a\u308b\u8a9e\u5f59\u529b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u5206\u6790\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5404\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u54c1\u8a5e\u3068\u6587\u6cd5\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7b87\u6240(\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u9806):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u54c1\u8a5e\uff08\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3001\u51a0\u8a5e\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001to\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u7bc0\u306e\u6642\u5236\u3068\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fee\u98fe\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u65b9\u5411\uff08\u524d\u7f6e\u4fee\u98fe\u304b\u5f8c\u7f6e\u4fee\u98fe\u304b\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u7684\u610f\u5473\u304b\u53d7\u52d5\u7684\u610f\u5473\u304b\uff09\u3002\u30b9\u30ad\u30c3\u30d7\u3057\u3066\u3088\u3044\u7b87\u6240:\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u6a5f\u80fd\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u7684\u306a\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593:120\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8 \u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96 \u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d71\u8a9e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u540c\u5b9a \u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u5206\u8a5e\u30fb\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff09\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a 40\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u610f\u5473\u306e\u9069\u5408\u6027 \u8a9e\u7fa4\u304b\u3089\u6587\u8108\u306b\u6700\u3082\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u51fa 40\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a \u6642\u5236\u3001\u614b\u3001\u5358\u8907\u3001\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u30b9\u30da\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a 40\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7d71\u8a9e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3068\u6587\u8108\u610f\u5473\u306e\u4ea4\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u30df\u30b9\u306a\u304f\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) <code>rich elites ( a ) with preserving their status.<\/code>\uff1a\u540d\u8a5e <code>elites<\/code> \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e <code>with<\/code> \u3092\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u5f8c\u7f6e\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u300c\u5730\u4f4d\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u306b\u5922\u4e2d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u30fb\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059 <code>preoccupy<\/code> \u304c\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u53d7\u52d5\u7684\u610f\u5473\uff08\u301c\u306b\u5922\u4e2d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff09\u3092\u8868\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u5f62 <code>preoccupied<\/code> \u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(b) <code>and this could ( b ) the most devastating...<\/code>\uff1a\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e <code>could<\/code> \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u539f\u5f62\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u300c\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6700\u3082\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u306a\u5d29\u58ca\u306b\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\uff08\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001<code>precede<\/code> \u304c\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u539f\u5f62\u306e\u307e\u307e <code>precede<\/code> \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(c) <code>Kemp's first step was to ( c ) the word \"civilization,\"<\/code>\uff1a<code>to<\/code> \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u539f\u5f62\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u300c\u6587\u660e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u653e\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001<code>discard<\/code> \u304c\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u539f\u5f62\u306e\u307e\u307e <code>discard<\/code> \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) <code>At the time when the first empires ( d ),<\/code>\uff1a<code>when<\/code> \u304c\u5c0e\u304f\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f <code>the first empires<\/code> \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306f\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u300c\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5e1d\u56fd\u304c\u52c3\u8208\u3057\u305f\u6642\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u304b\u3089 <code>arise<\/code> \u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62 <code>arose<\/code> \u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(e) <code>This was a form of ( e ) backwards from the equal and mobile societies...<\/code>\uff1a\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e <code>of<\/code> \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u76f8\u5f53\u8a9e\u53e5\uff08\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u526f\u8a5e <code>backwards<\/code> \u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u300c\u5f8c\u9000\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b <code>slide<\/code> \u304c\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e <code>sliding<\/code> \u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(f) <code>we are in the process of ( f ) a system of domination...<\/code>\uff1a\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e <code>of<\/code> \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e <code>a system<\/code> \u3092\u4f34\u3046\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u5f62\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u300c\u652f\u914d\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u304b\u3089 <code>build<\/code> \u304c\u9069\u5408\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e <code>building<\/code> \u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) preoccupied<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(b) precede<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(c) discard<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) arose<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(e) sliding<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(f) building<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u5f8c\u7f6e\u4fee\u98fe\u3002<code>preoccupy<\/code> \u306f\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u301c\u3092\u5922\u4e2d\u306b\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u4fee\u98fe\u3055\u308c\u308b <code>elites<\/code> \u306f\u305d\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4e3b\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e <code>preoccupied<\/code> \u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<code>preoccupied with<\/code> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3082\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u5f37\u529b\u306b\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) \u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3002\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<code>arise<\/code> \u306e\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u5909\u5316\uff08arise &#8211; arose &#8211; arisen\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(e)(f) \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3002\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e <code>of<\/code> \u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u540d\u8a5e\u76f8\u5f53\u8a9e\u53e5\u304c\u6765\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u898f\u5247\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092 <code>-ing<\/code> \u5f62\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u3002<code>sliding<\/code> \u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b <code>e<\/code> \u306e\u8131\u843d\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) \u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e <code>preoccupying<\/code> \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u300c\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\u3092\uff09\u5922\u4e2d\u306b\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u8108\u3068\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) \u73fe\u5728\u5f62 <code>arise<\/code> \u3084\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e <code>arisen<\/code> \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6642\u5236\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u305b\u305a\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u7834\u7dbb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(e) \u539f\u5f62 <code>slide<\/code> \u3084\u540d\u8a5e\u5f62\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u539f\u5f62\u304c\u6765\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u898f\u5247\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u52d5\u8a5e\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u5360\u3081\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\uff08\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u304b\u3089\u9006\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u5c48\u6298\uff08\u6642\u5236\u3001\u76f8\u3001\u614b\uff09\u3092\u65bd\u3059\u64cd\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6839\u62e0\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8a9e\u304c\u8a9e\u9806\u3068\u5f62\u614b\u7d20\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6587\u6cd5\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u610f\u5473\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u6a19\u793a\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3053\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u6b20\u5982\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3001\u4fee\u98fe\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u6027\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3001\u6587\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u72af\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6a5f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5168\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305a\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304b\u3089\u305d\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u300c\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u300c\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3084\u6642\u5236\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3001\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3084\u4fee\u98fe\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u6587\u8108\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u7fa4\u304b\u3089\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f62\u614b\u898f\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306e\u5404\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9069\u7528\u306b\u306f\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9650\u754c\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u5316\u3057\u3066\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a<code>preoccupied<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u898f\u5247\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u77e5\u8b58\uff08<code>be preoccupied with<\/code>\uff09\u304c\u512a\u5148\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u5909\u5316\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u8ff0\u306e\u7b2c8\u554f\u3067\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u300c\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u300d\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3068\u5bc6\u63a5\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u6d3e\u751f\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u8ff0\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u306b\u8ee2\u63db\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u524d\u8005\u304c\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff08\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u4e21\u5927\u554f\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u89e3\u7b54\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u3068\u89e3\u6cd5\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6176\u61c9\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5e38\u306b\u300c\u6587\u8108\u610f\u5473\u306e\u540c\u5b9a\u300d\u3068\u300c\u7d71\u8a9e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u300d\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u8ef8\u3067\u89e3\u7b54\u3092\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\uff08e, f\uff09\u3084\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\uff08b, c\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5f62\u614b\u304c\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u304b\u3089\u512a\u5148\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u304c\u6642\u9593\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u7a7a\u6240\uff08a, d\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6642\u5236\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3084\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30df\u30b9\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u6291\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u521d\u898b\u30fb\u985e\u984c\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u985e\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u5cd9\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u7d71\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u2192\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u9006\u7b97\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6c4e\u7528\u7684\u306b\u9069\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u95a2\u95a2\u540c\u7acb\u3084GMARCH\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u5b66\u90e8\u3067\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u6b66\u5668\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u985e\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08surprise, satisfy\u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u5206\u8a5e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4fee\u98fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u305d\u306e\u611f\u60c5\u3092\u300c\u62b1\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u306e\u304b\u300c\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u308b\u8010\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u306b\u76f4\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u90e8\u5206\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u8a2d\u554f\u306f\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7db4\u308a\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u5f97\u70b9\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u304c\u3001\u63a1\u70b9\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6226\u7565\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d1\uff1a\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u539f\u5f62\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u30df\u30b9\u3092\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3002\u8a9e\u7fa4\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u5199\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5168\u3066\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d2\uff1a\u6642\u5236\u3084\u614b\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u8ff7\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\uff08\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u5f8c\u306a\u3089\u5fc5\u305a <code>-ing<\/code> \u5f62\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3060\u3051\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u5b88\u308a\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u8a18\u5165\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d3\uff1a\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u5f62\uff08arise-arose-arisen\u7b49\uff09\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u306b\u4e0d\u5b89\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u6700\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u3057\u3001\u7a7a\u6b04\u3092\u6b8b\u3055\u305a\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8aa4\u7b54\u56de\u907f\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6176\u61c9\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u7f60\u306f\u3001\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u5f8c\u7f6e\u4fee\u98fe\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3055\u305b\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(a)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3082\u3057\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u524d\u306b <code>who are<\/code> \u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u898b\u629c\u3051\u305a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u8a8d\u8b58\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7834\u7dbb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u3059\u3067\u306b\u5b9a\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f <code>are led<\/code>\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u300c\u4e00\u7bc0\u4e00\u52d5\u8a5e\u300d\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5e30\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u7fd2\u6163\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u8a9e\u7fa4\u304b\u3089\u9069\u5207\u306a\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u5f62\u614b\u306b\u5909\u5f62\u3057\u3066\u88dc\u5145\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u5168\u822c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66 \u5546\u5b66\u90e8 2024\u5e74\u5ea6 \u7b2c7\u554f\u3001\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66 \u5546\u5b66\u90e8 2023\u5e74\u5ea6 \u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81ea\u5df1\u691c\u8a3c\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8: \u89e3\u7b54\u3092\u8a18\u5165\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u5358\u306b\u300c\u610f\u5473\u304c\u901a\u308b\u304b\u3089\u300d\u3068\u611f\u899a\u7684\u306b\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3060\u304b\u3089\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u300d\u300c\u4fee\u98fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u611f\u60c5\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3060\u304b\u3089\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u300d\u3068\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u6bce\u554f\u660e\u793a\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8a72\u5f53\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M08-\u904b\u7528] \u52d5\u8a5e\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u6587\u8108\u540c\u5b9a\u3068\u5f62\u614b\u5909\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u6642\u5236\u30fb\u76f8\u30fb\u614b\u30fb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u5909\u5316\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u57fa\u790e M12-\u7d71\u8a9e] \u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3068\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff18\u554f \u89e3\u8aac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3:\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3078\u3068\u8ee2\u63db\u3055\u305b\u308b\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u5f62\u6210\u306e\u898f\u5247\u6027\u3068\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u30b9\u30da\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6:\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u767a\u5c55\u4e0a\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593:5\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u52d5\u8a5e\u7fa4\uff08appreciate, commit, cooperate, dispose, remember\uff09\u3092\u540d\u8a5e\u5f62\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3001\u7a7a\u6240(a)\u301c(e)\u306b\u88dc\u5145\u3059\u308b\u3002<code>~ing<\/code>\u5f62\uff08\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u6d3e\u751f\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7b87\u6240(\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u9806):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51a0\u8a5e\uff08a\/an\/the\uff09\u3001\u6240\u6709\u683c\uff08our, their\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7a7a\u6240\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3068\u306e\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a<code>make a ___ to<\/code>\uff09\u3002\u30b9\u30ad\u30c3\u30d7\u3057\u3066\u3088\u3044\u7b87\u6240:\u6d3e\u751f\u898f\u5247\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u306a\u3044\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u548c\u8a33\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593:100\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8 \u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96 \u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9078\u5b9a \u6587\u8108\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u306a\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b 30\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6d3e\u751f\u898f\u5247\u306e\u9069\u7528 \u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u9069\u5207\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\uff08-tion, -ment, -ance\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b 40\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306a\u7db4\u308a\u306e\u5909\u5316\uff08\u4f8b\uff1aremember -&gt; remembrance\uff09\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b 30\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5c0e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u540d\u8a5e\u5f62\u3092\u3001\u6307\u793a\u901a\u308a <code>-ing<\/code> \u5f62\u3092\u907f\u3051\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) <code>born with a ( a ), or temperament, to connect<\/code>\uff1a\u51a0\u8a5e <code>a<\/code> \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<code>temperament<\/code>\uff08\u6c17\u8cea\uff09\u3068\u540c\u683c\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u300c\u301c\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u3001\u6c17\u8cea\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e <code>dispose<\/code> \u304b\u3089\u6d3e\u751f\u3059\u308b <code>disposition<\/code> \u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(b) <code>making a ( b ) to ourselves to try to...<\/code>\uff1a\u51a0\u8a5e <code>a<\/code> \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<code>make a ___ to<\/code> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u300c\u301c\u3078\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\uff08\u7d04\u675f\u3001\u8a93\u7d04\uff09\u3092\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e <code>commit<\/code> \u304b\u3089\u6d3e\u751f\u3059\u308b <code>commitment<\/code> \u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(c) <code>express our ( c ), the practice of gratitude<\/code>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u683c <code>our<\/code> \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30de\u4ee5\u964d\u306e <code>the practice of gratitude<\/code>\uff08\u611f\u8b1d\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\uff09\u3068\u540c\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u611f\u8b1d\u3001\u771f\u4fa1\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e <code>appreciate<\/code> \u304b\u3089\u6d3e\u751f\u3059\u308b <code>appreciation<\/code> \u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) <code>A ( d ) of past positive experiences<\/code>\uff1a\u51a0\u8a5e <code>A<\/code> \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u9a13\u3092\u300c\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u304b\u3089\u52d5\u8a5e <code>remember<\/code> \u3092\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u540d\u8a5e\u5f62\u306f\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306a\u7db4\u308a\u5909\u5316\u3092\u4f34\u3046 <code>remembrance<\/code> \u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(e) <code>In the midst of ( e ), even when we question...<\/code>\uff1a\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e <code>of<\/code> \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3002\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3092\u7591\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u304c\u5171\u306b\u9054\u6210\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u5354\u529b\u300d\u306e\u3055\u306a\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e <code>cooperate<\/code> \u304b\u3089\u6d3e\u751f\u3059\u308b <code>cooperation<\/code> \u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) disposition<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(b) commitment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(c) appreciation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) remembrance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(e) cooperation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) \u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e <code>-ition<\/code> \u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u3002<code>dispose<\/code>\uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3001\u301c\u3059\u308b\u6c17\u306b\u3055\u305b\u308b\uff09\u304b\u3089 <code>disposition<\/code>\uff08\u6027\u8cea\u3001\u50be\u5411\uff09\u3078\u306e\u6d3e\u751f\u306f\u3001\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u540c\u683c\u8a9e <code>temperament<\/code> \u304c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u306e\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(b) \u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e <code>-ment<\/code> \u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u3002<code>commit<\/code> \u306f <code>commitment<\/code> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u3067\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<code>make a commitment to<\/code> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u89e3\u7b54\u3092\u8fc5\u901f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) \u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306a\u6d3e\u751f\u3002<code>remember<\/code> \u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u5f62\u306f <code>rememberance<\/code> \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u8131\u843d\u3057\u3066 <code>remembrance<\/code> \u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7db4\u308a\u306e\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u6027\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8a18\u61b6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(e) \u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e <code>-tion<\/code> \u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u3002<code>cooperate<\/code> \u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e\u306e <code>e<\/code> \u3092\u843d\u3068\u3057 <code>tion<\/code> \u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u898f\u5247\u7684\u306a\u6d3e\u751f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u9006\u63a5\u7684\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\uff08\u5354\u529b\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u7591\u5ff5\u3092\u62b1\u304f\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u52d5\u8a5e\u9078\u5b9a\u306e\u9375\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6307\u793a\u306b\u3088\u308a <code>-ing<\/code> \u5f62\uff08disposing, committing, appreciating, remembering, cooperating\uff09\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u4e0d\u53ef\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3068\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001<code>remembrance<\/code> \u3092 <code>rememberance<\/code> \u3068\u7db4\u308b\u30df\u30b9\u306f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8868\u3059\u300c\u4e8b\u8c61\u3084\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u300d\u3092\u3001\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u9759\u7684\u306a\u300c\u6982\u5ff5\u3084\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u5b9f\u4f53\u3078\u3068\u30ab\u30d7\u30bb\u30eb\u5316\uff08\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\uff09\u3059\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6839\u62e0\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5727\u7e2e\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5316\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u69cb\u6587\uff09\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3053\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u6b20\u5982\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5b66\u7fd2\u8005\u306f\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u5e38\u306b\u300cS\u304cV\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5197\u9577\u306a\u7bc0\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3057\u304b\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6a5f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5168\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305a\u3001\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u52d5\u7684\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u611f\u8b1d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08appreciate\uff09\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u6e90\u7684\u30fb\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u7279\u6027\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\uff08-tion, -sion, -ment, -ance, -al\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u9078\u629e\u3057\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8a9e\u5f62\u6210\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9069\u7528\u306b\u306f\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9650\u754c\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304b\u3089\u8907\u6570\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u5f62\u304c\u6d3e\u751f\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff08\u4f8b\uff1aproduce \u304b\u3089 product \u3068 production\uff09\u3001\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306a\u9069\u7528\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u7523\u7269\u300d\u304b\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u300d\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u533a\u5225\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u7b2c7\u554f\u3067\u6271\u3063\u305f\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\uff08-ing\u5f62\uff09\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u884c\u70ba\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52d5\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u6d3e\u751f\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9759\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672c\u8a2d\u554f\u3067 <code>-ing<\/code> \u5f62\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u3068\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3059\u308b\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u610f\u56f3\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u3068\u89e3\u6cd5\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6176\u61c9\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u306e\u7db4\u308a\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u3055\u304c\u53b3\u3057\u304f\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b <code>remember<\/code> \u2192 <code>remembrance<\/code> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u8a9e\u5e79\u306e\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u8131\u843d\u3057\u305f\u308a\u5b50\u97f3\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306a\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306e\u683c\u597d\u306e\u6a19\u7684\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u89e3\u6cd5\u306e\u65b9\u91dd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u65e5\u9803\u304b\u3089\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u899a\u3048\u308b\u969b\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u6d3e\u751f\u5f62\u3092\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u8a18\u61b6\u3057\u3001\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u3084\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u5909\u5316\u306e\u898f\u5247\u6027\u3092\u4f53\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u521d\u898b\u30fb\u985e\u984c\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u985e\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u5cd9\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u540c\u5b9a\u2192\u6d3e\u751f\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9069\u7528\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6c4e\u7528\u7684\u306b\u9069\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u65e9\u6176\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u82f1\u4f5c\u6587\u3084\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u5f59\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u54c1\u8a5e\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u306f\u5fc5\u9808\u306e\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u985e\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001<code>admit<\/code> \u2192 <code>admission<\/code>\u3001<code>permit<\/code> \u2192 <code>permission<\/code> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a <code>-sion<\/code> \u3092\u53d6\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3084\u3001<code>maintain<\/code> \u2192 <code>maintenance<\/code>\u3001<code>pronounce<\/code> \u2192 <code>pronunciation<\/code> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6bcd\u97f3\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u5909\u5316\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u306e\u76f4\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u90e8\u5206\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u8a2d\u554f\u306f\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7db4\u308a\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u5f97\u70b9\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u304c\u3001\u63a1\u70b9\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6226\u7565\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d1\uff1a\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b <code>-ing<\/code> \u5f62\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u554f\u984c\u306e\u6307\u793a\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u96f6\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d2\uff1a\u9069\u5207\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\uff08-tion, -ment\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8a9e\u6839\u306e\u9078\u5b9a\u3068\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u304c\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306a\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u30df\u30b9\u3067\u3082\u90e8\u5206\u70b9\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\uff08\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u63a1\u70b9\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u3088\u308b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d3\uff1a\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306a\u7db4\u308a\u5909\u5316\uff08remembrance\u7b49\uff09\u306b\u81ea\u4fe1\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u898f\u5247\u5909\u5316\uff08rememberance\uff09\u3067\u66f8\u304f\u3088\u308a\u306f\u3001\u899a\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306a\u5f62\u3092\u601d\u3044\u5207\u3063\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8aa4\u7b54\u56de\u907f\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6176\u61c9\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u7f60\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u52d5\u8a5e\u304b\u3089\u6d3e\u751f\u3059\u308b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u5f62\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001<code>discover<\/code> \u304b\u3089\u6d3e\u751f\u3059\u308b <code>discovery<\/code>\uff08\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\uff09\u3068 <code>discoverer<\/code>\uff08\u767a\u898b\u8005\uff09\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u533a\u5225\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001<code>disposition<\/code> \u3092 <code>disposal<\/code>\uff08\u51e6\u5206\uff09\u3068\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u8a9e\u5e79\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3082\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5168\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u306b\u3082\u6ce8\u610f\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u8108\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u8f2a\u90ed\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u7fd2\u6163\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u52d5\u8a5e\u7fa4\u304b\u3089\u9069\u5207\u306a\u8a9e\u3092\u9078\u3073\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u5f62\u306b\u6d3e\u751f\u3055\u305b\u3066\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u88dc\u5145\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u5168\u822c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66 \u5546\u5b66\u90e8 2024\u5e74\u5ea6 \u7b2c8\u554f\u3001\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66 \u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u90e8 2023\u5e74\u5ea6 \u8a9e\u5f59\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81ea\u5df1\u691c\u8a3c\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8: \u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u5358\u306b\u300c\u306a\u3093\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3053\u306e\u5f62\u3060\u300d\u3068\u611f\u899a\u7684\u306b\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u3053\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f -ment \u3092\u53d6\u308b\u300d\u300c\u3053\u3053\u3067\u6bcd\u97f3\u304c\u8131\u843d\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u5909\u5316\u306e\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6bce\u554f\u660e\u793a\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8a72\u5f53\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u500b\u5225 M09-\u904b\u7528] \u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u6587\u8108\u540c\u5b9a\u3068\u5f62\u614b\u5909\u63db<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u7279\u6027\u304b\u3089\u9069\u5207\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u30b9\u30da\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u30ab\u30d7\u30bb\u30eb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u5b66\u7fd2\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong>: [\u57fa\u790e M24-\u610f\u5473] \u8a9e\u69cb\u6210\u3068\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8a9e\u7fa9\u63a8\u6e2c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7dcf\u62ec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u51fa\u984c\u50be\u5411\u306e\u5c55\u671b\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u306e\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a66\u9a13\u306f\u300190\u5206\u9593\u3067\u51688\u5927\u554f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6975\u3081\u3066\u9ad8\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u51e6\u7406\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u51fa\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u8e0f\u8972\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5927\u554fVI\u306e\u77ed\u6587\u8ad6\u7406\u8aad\u89e3\u306f\u3001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30c9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3084\u6bd4\u55a9\u3092\u542b\u3080\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u57f7\u62d7\u306b\u554f\u3046\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5927\u554fVII\u30fbVIII\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u5f0f\u8a9e\u5f62\u5909\u5316\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u8a18\u53f7\u9078\u629e\u3067\u306f\u6e2c\u308c\u306a\u3044\u300c\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u80fd\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u8868\u3059\u57fa\u790e\u529b\u300d\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u7279\u6709\u306e\u7826\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u89e3\u6790\u3068\u3001\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u5909\u5316\u3092\u542b\u3080\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u751f\u6210\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\u5ea6\u4ee5\u964d\u3082\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u30fb\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u3092\u7d20\u6750\u3068\u3057\u3001\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u628a\u63e1\u3068\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u591a\u91cf\u60c5\u5831\u51e6\u7406\u529b\u300d\u3068\u300c\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u751f\u6210\u529b\u300d\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u6027\u3092\u554f\u3046\u50be\u5411\u306f\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u304f\u7d99\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4e88\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6b21\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3078\u306e\u6307\u91dd\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u6f14\u7fd2\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u9732\u5448\u3057\u305f\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u5b9f\u8df5\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305a\u3001\u5927\u554fVI\u5bfe\u7b56\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u8aac\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u524d\u63d0\u300d\u3068\u300c\u7d50\u8ad6\u300d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u300c\u8a00\u3044\u904e\u304e\u300d\u300c\u30ba\u30ec\u300d\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u8a13\u7df4\u3092\u65e5\u5e38\u306e\u8aad\u89e3\u6f14\u7fd2\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u5927\u554fVII\u30fbVIII\u5bfe\u7b56\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u8a18\u61b6\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u300c\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u300d\u306e\u6d3e\u751f\u5f62\u30d5\u30a1\u30df\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u5e38\u306b\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u30a4\u30f3\u30d7\u30c3\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u7279\u306b\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306a\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u5909\u5316\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u4f8b\uff1aremember \u2192 remembrance\uff09\u3092\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u624b\u3067\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u53cd\u5fa9\u8a13\u7df4\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002\u5404\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u5fa9\u7fd2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u4e38\u6697\u8a18\u3092\u6392\u3057\u3001\u300c\u306a\u305c\u3053\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\u300d\u300c\u306a\u305c\u3053\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u63a5\u5c3e\u8f9e\u304c\u9078\u3070\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u8a00\u8a9e\u5316\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u9808\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3079\u304d\u529b\u306e\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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