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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u54c1\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3068\u6587\u578b\u69cb\u9020<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u54c1\u8a5e\u3068\u306f\u610f\u5473\u5206\u985e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6027\u8cea\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30fb\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u591a\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u306e\u6587\u8108\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306e\u6697\u8a18\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u304c\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u7d50\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u88dc\u90e8\u9078\u629e\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M30]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u8aa4\u308a\u7b87\u6240\u6307\u6458\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u542b\u3080\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u6f20\u7136\u3068\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u898b\u9003\u3059\u3002\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u76f8\u4e92\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\u3068\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3066\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u9055\u53cd\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u6280\u8853\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u6728\u3092\u4fef\u77b0\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u5404\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e\u8d70\u67fb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u547c\u5fdc\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306f\u300c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u898b\u3066\u5358\u6570\u304b\u8907\u6570\u304b\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u578b\u30fb\u5ba2\u89b3\u578b\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9593\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u5206\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u4ecb\u5728\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306f\u6570\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u3092\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3066\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306e\u7f60\u306b\u9665\u308b\u3002\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u7d71\u8a9e\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540d\u8a5e\uff08head noun\uff09\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u304b\u3089\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4fee\u98fe\u53e5\u5185\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u62ec\u5f27\u3067\u62ec\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u547c\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u307f\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4ecb\u5728\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u9577\u3055\u306b\u5de6\u53f3\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u6574\u5408\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u5360\u3081\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u4fc2\u308b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5f8c\u7f6e\u4fee\u98fe\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u8f9e\u304b\u3089\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u6570\uff08\u5358\u6570\u30fb\u8907\u6570\u30fb\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\uff09\u3068\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5404\u624b\u9806\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u8868\u5c64\u8a9e\u9806\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540c\u58eb\u3092\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u62c5\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The collection of rare manuscripts, which include several previously unknown letters by the philosopher, \\(\\text{were}\\) sold at auction.&#8221; \u2192 \u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e were \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u76f4\u524d\u306e philosopher \u3067\u3082 letters \u3067\u3082 manuscripts \u3067\u3082\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305a\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5 of rare manuscripts \u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5358\u6570\u540d\u8a5e collection \u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u5358\u6570\u4e3b\u8f9e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u8907\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e were \u304c\u547c\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f was \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8aa4\u308a\u7b87\u6240\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Neither the principal investigator nor the assistants who conducted the secondary experiments \\(\\text{was}\\) aware of the discrepancy.&#8221; \u2192 \u76f8\u95a2\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e neither A nor B \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306f\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5074\u306e\u8981\u7d20 B \u306b\u5f93\u3046 \u2192 \u8981\u7d20 B \u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e\u306f\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e assistants \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4fee\u98fe\u7bc0\u3092\u631f\u3093\u3060\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u5358\u6570\u5f62\u306e was \u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 assistants \u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3079\u304d\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5358\u6570\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f were \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;A series of lectures delivered by the visiting professor from Oxford \\(\\text{have}\\) attracted considerable attention.&#8221; \u2192 a series of \u306f\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3092\u6307\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u306f series \u304c\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u5358\u6570\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u306e\u8907\u6570\u6027\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3066 have \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u547c\u5fdc\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f has \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u6027\u304c\u512a\u5148\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The phenomenon that the frequency of extreme weather events, which causes severe damage to local agriculture, \\(\\text{have increased}\\) drastically requires immediate action.&#8221; \u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e phenomenon \u306b\u547c\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u672b\u5c3e\u306e requires \u3067\u3042\u308a\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u540c\u683c\u7bc0 that \u5185\u90e8\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e frequency \u306b\u547c\u5fdc\u3059\u3079\u304d\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c have increased \u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 events \u3084 weather \u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3066 have increased \u3092\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3059\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b \u2192 \u540c\u683c\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e frequency \u306f\u5358\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081 has increased \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u547c\u5fdc\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u614b\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5206\u8a5e\u3084\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u4f3c\u305f\u50cd\u304d\u3092\u3059\u308b\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u8868\u5c64\u306b\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u5fc5\u305a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff08PRO\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\uff09\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u80fd\u52d5\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u306e\u614b\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u307e\u307e\u6587\u8108\u3067\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5206\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u61f8\u5782\u5206\u8a5e\u3084\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u3092\u898b\u629c\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u614b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u3068\u3057\u3066\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\uff08Agent\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u5bfe\u8c61\uff08Theme\/Patient\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u81ea\u3089\u884c\u3044\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u5206\u8a5e\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u7834\u7dbb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306e\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u6307\u793a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9593\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u51e6\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u5bfe\u8c61\uff08Patient\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u80fd\u52d5\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u81ea\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u5206\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u4e56\u96e2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;\\(\\text{Approaching}\\) the ancient ruins from the northern slope, the grand temple suddenly came into sight.&#8221; \u2192 \u5206\u8a5e approaching \u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e the grand temple \u3068\u540c\u4e00\u6307\u793a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u795e\u6bbf\u304c\u81ea\u3089\u907a\u8de1\u306b\u63a5\u8fd1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u61f8\u5782\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u4eba\u9593\uff08we \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001when we approached \u3068\u7bc0\u3078\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The committee discussed the proposal to \\(\\text{eliminate}\\) the regulation without any consideration of the consequences.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e to eliminate \u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f \u6587\u8108\u4e0a the committee \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e the regulation \u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u8981\u8acb\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Having \\(\\text{convinced}\\) of the defendant&#8217;s innocence by the newly discovered evidence, the judge dismissed the case.&#8221; \u2192 \u5206\u8a5e convinced \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f the judge \u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001judge \u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3092\u78ba\u4fe1\u3055\u305b\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a3c\u62e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u81ea\u3089\u304c\u78ba\u4fe1\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5bfe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e convince \u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u80fd\u52d5\u3068\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001be convinced of \u3067\u53d7\u52d5\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f Having been convinced \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u614b\u306e\u8131\u843d\u304c\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The newly developed software requires \\(\\text{to update}\\) on a weekly basis to maintain adequate security.&#8221; \u2192 require \u3084 need \u306f\u6587\u8108\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u66f4\u65b0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e updating \u3092\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u53d7\u52d5\u614b to be updated \u306b\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u300c\u66f4\u65b0\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a33\u306b\u983c\u308a to update \u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b \u2192 \u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u306f\u66f4\u65b0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5bfe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001to be updated \u307e\u305f\u306f updating \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u614b\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u8a9e\u6cd5\u9078\u629e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u4e8c\u6b21\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306a\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3055\u305b\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\uff08subcategorization\uff09\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8a66\u3059\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\u306e\u307f\u3092\u899a\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5cfb\u5225\u3084\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u53ef\u5426\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u306e\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u9805\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u6709\u7121<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u301c\u3092\u300d\u3068\u8a33\u305b\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304c\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u52a9\u8a5e\u300c\u306b\u300d\u3084\u300c\u3092\u300d\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3068\u4e00\u5bfe\u4e00\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 discuss \u306f\u300c\u301c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081 about \u3092\u88dc\u3044\u305f\u304f\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u5b8c\u5168\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9006\u306b apologize \u306f\u300c\u301c\u306b\u8b1d\u7f6a\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8a33\u305b\u308b\u304c\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3092\u4ecb\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u4eba\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u306f\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08NP\uff09\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u306f\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08PP\uff09\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u306a\u3044\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u9038\u8131\u3057\u305f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u3084\u8131\u843d\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u67a0\uff08subcategorization frame\uff09\u3092\u60f3\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u304c\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306a\u3057\u3067\u76f4\u63a5\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5404\u624b\u9806\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\u3092\u4ecb\u3055\u305a\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The committee met yesterday to \\(\\text{discuss about}\\) the economic feasibility of the proposed infrastructure project.&#8221; \u2192 \u52d5\u8a5e discuss \u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u3068\u308b\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e about \u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u301c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a33\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f about \u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066 discuss the economic feasibility \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Despite numerous objections raised by the residents, the company decided to \\(\\text{proceed the construction}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u52d5\u8a5e proceed \u306f\u300c\u9032\u3081\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u540d\u8a5e\u53e5 the construction \u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e with \u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 proceed with the construction \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;She \\(\\text{apologized the customer}\\) for the unacceptable delay in shipping the ordered merchandise.&#8221; \u2192 apologize \u306f\u8b1d\u7f6a\u306e\u76f8\u624b\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u969b\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 apologized to the customer \u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3092\u88dc\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The distinguished scholar \\(\\text{mentioned about}\\) the discovered manuscript during the introductory lecture.&#8221; \u2192 \u300c\u301c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a00\u53ca\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\u304b\u3089 about \u3092\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001mention \u306f\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8108\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u983c\u308b\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001about \u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066 mentioned the discovered manuscript \u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5883\u754c\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u4e0e\u683c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u4f1d\u9054\u578b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u300ctell \u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b \u4eba\uff0bthat\u7bc0 \u3092\u53d6\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08SVOO\uff09\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u4ecb\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4eba\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\uff08SVO to \u4eba\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f SV to \u4eba that\u7bc0\uff09\u304c\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 tell \u3084 convince \u306f S + V + \u4eba + that\u7bc0 \u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u304c\u3001explain \u3084 suggest\u3001say\u3001propose \u306f\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001S + V + that\u7bc0 + to \u4eba\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f S + V + to \u4eba that\u7bc0 \u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u53d6\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u3001explain him that&#8230; \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5165\u8a66\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u9805\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u9593\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08NP + NP\uff09\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u578b\uff08tell, inform, remind \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u578b\uff08explain, suggest, describe \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u9038\u8131\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The professor \\(\\text{explained the students that}\\) the assignment would be due the following Monday.&#8221; \u2192 \u52d5\u8a5e explain \u306f\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u9593\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f explained to the students that&#8230; \u307e\u305f\u306f explained that&#8230; to the students \u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The local authorities \\(\\text{informed the citizens of}\\) the potential evacuation routes in case of flooding.&#8221; \u2192 inform \u306f inform + \u4eba + of + \u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f inform + \u4eba + that\u7bc0 \u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u6301\u3064\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u3092\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u9069\u5207\u306b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;He \\(\\text{suggested me to take}\\) an advanced course in theoretical linguistics next semester.&#8221; \u2192 suggest \u306f suggest + \u4eba + to do \u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3057\u306a\u3044 \u2192 suggest \u306f \u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u3068\u308b\u304b\u3001suggest to \u4eba that S (should) do \u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u53d6\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 suggested that I should take \u306a\u3069\u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The witness \\(\\text{reminded the police}\\) that the suspect had been seen near the station.&#8221; \u2192 remind \u306f\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u3084 remind + \u4eba + that\u7bc0 \u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 explain \u3068\u540c\u5217\u306b\u6271\u3063\u3066 to the police \u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u672c\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u8b58\u5225\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u540c\u5b9a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5909\u5f62\u3057\u305f\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u5206\u8a5e\uff09\u306f\u3001\u7bc0\u3092\u7e2e\u7d04\u3057\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u3069\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u305d\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u683c\u6a19\u8b58\uff08\u5c5e\u683c\u30fb\u5bfe\u683c\uff09\u3092\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u304c\u8a66\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u683c\u6a19\u8b58\u3068\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u9078\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u300c\u6240\u6709\u683c\u3067\u3082\u76ee\u7684\u683c\u3067\u3082\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3067\u3082\u3088\u3044\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30eb\u306a\u6587\u4f53\u3084\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6240\u6709\u683c\uff08\u5c5e\u683c\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u660e\u793a\u304c\u539f\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u53e5\u3084\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7121\u751f\u7269\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u76ee\u7684\u683c\u304c\u8a31\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5883\u754c\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u5f8c\u7f6e\u4fee\u98fe\u306e\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u4fc2\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u610f\u5473\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u6839\u5e95\u304b\u3089\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u66d6\u6627\u6027\u3092\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u89e3\u6d88\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\uff08V-ing\uff09\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u540d\u8a5e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u30fb\u7d4c\u9a13\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u304b\u3089\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u5c5e\u683c\u5f62\uff08my, his, their \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u683c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The committee strongly objected to \\(\\text{him being appointed}\\) as the new director of the research institute.&#8221; \u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306f\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e him \u5358\u4f53\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001being appointed \u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u614b\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30eb\u306a\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u5c5e\u683c\u3067\u8868\u3059\u306e\u304c\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f his being appointed \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u683c him \u306f\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;There is no doubt about \\(\\text{the plan succeeding}\\) under the guidance of the experienced project manager.&#8221; \u2192 the plan \u3068\u3044\u3046\u7121\u751f\u7269\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e succeeding \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5c5e\u683c the plan&#8217;s \u3088\u308a\u3082\u901a\u683c the plan \u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u8a31\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u308b \u2192 \u672c\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;I cannot imagine \\(\\text{you failing}\\) the comprehensive examination after such rigorous preparation.&#8221; \u2192 \u53e3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u683c you \u304c\u8a31\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u5c5e\u683c your failing \u304c\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u898f\u7bc4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u6307\u793a\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u6c34\u6e96\u306b\u7167\u3089\u3057\u3066\u683c\u306e\u6574\u5408\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The police prevented \\(\\text{the suspect from leaving}\\) the country by confiscating his passport.&#8221; \u2192 prevent A from V-ing \u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001the suspect \u306f\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e leaving \u306e\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e from \u306e\u524d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f prevent \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u3053\u308c\u3092\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u5c5e\u683c the suspect&#8217;s leaving \u3068\u6539\u5909\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u306f\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u5b9a\u578b\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u305f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u683c\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068 for \/ of \u306e\u9078\u629e\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u300cfor + \u76ee\u7684\u683c \u3067\u8868\u3059\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u88dc\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u304c\u4e8b\u614b\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\uff08difficult, impossible, necessary \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u306e\u4eba\u683c\u3084\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3082\u306e\uff08kind, foolish, careless, rude \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306f for \u3068 of \u306e\u9593\u3067\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u5206\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u533a\u5225\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6163\u7528\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e\u3068\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u7279\u6027\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e it \u306b\u547c\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u8a9e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u300c\u4eba is \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53d9\u8ff0\u6587\u304c\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u300c\u4eba is \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u300d\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u683c\u8a55\u4fa1\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u3092\u3001\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u4e8b\u614b\u8a55\u4fa1\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e for \u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;It was extremely \\(\\text{careless for the driver}\\) to leave the car unlocked in such a crowded parking lot.&#8221; \u2192 \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e careless \u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u904b\u8ee2\u624b\u306f\u4e0d\u6ce8\u610f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\uff08The driver was careless\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53d9\u8ff0\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u4e8b\u614b\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e for \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f of the driver \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;It is absolutely \\(\\text{necessary of all participants}\\) to submit the required medical certificates prior to the competition.&#8221; \u2192 necessary \u306f\u4e8b\u614b\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4eba\u683c\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff08Participants are necessary to submit&#8230; \u306f\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff09 \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f for all participants \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001of \u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;It is quite \\(\\text{natural for children to be}\\) afraid of the dark during their early developmental stages.&#8221; \u2192 natural \u306f\u4e8b\u614b\u306e\u5f53\u7136\u6027\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001for children \u306e\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;It was very \\(\\text{thoughtful for him}\\) to send a congratulatory message immediately after the announcement.&#8221; \u2192 thoughtful \u306f\u300c\u601d\u3044\u3084\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eba\u683c\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u8a33\u51fa\u3067\u300c\u5f7c\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u601d\u616e\u6df1\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u3066 for \u3092\u898b\u9003\u3059\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f of him \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u8a55\u4fa1\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8981\u8acb\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5883\u754c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3068\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u691c\u8a3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\uff0b\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\uff08gap\uff09\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3068\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5185\u5bb9\u304b\u3089\u611f\u899a\u7684\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u307c\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u6cd5\u3092\u8131\u5374\u3057\u3001\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u6c7a\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306f\u300c\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u304c\u5834\u6240\u306a\u3089 where\u3001\u6642\u306a\u3089 when\u3001\u7269\u306a\u3089 which\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u304c\u5834\u6240\u3092\u8868\u3059\u540d\u8a5e\uff08the house, the city \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u305d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff08S\uff09\u307e\u305f\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08O\uff09\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u5360\u3081\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which \/ that \u3092\u7528\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e where \u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u304c\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08in the house, in the city \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001\u7bc0\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u6587\u578b\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u3092\u542b\u307e\u306a\u3044\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6587\uff08complete sentence\uff09\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08NP\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08PP\/AdvP\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u59cb\u70b9\u3068\u7d42\u70b9\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3001\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u5404\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff09\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u6587\u578b\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u5145\u8db3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u526f\u8a5e\u7684\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u304c\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;This is the renowned laboratory \\(\\text{where the distinguished scientist visited}\\) during his stay in Japan.&#8221; \u2192 \u52d5\u8a5e visit \u306f\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e visited \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\uff08gap = NP\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u308b\u3079\u304d\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e where \u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The university constructed a sophisticated facility \\(\\text{which students could conduct}\\) complex chemical experiments safely.&#8221; \u2192 \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001students (S) could conduct (V) complex chemical experiments (O) \u3068\u6587\u578b\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5145\u8db3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e conduct \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306f experiments \u3067\u3042\u308a\u7a7a\u6240\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u5148\u884c\u8a5e facility \u304c\u7bc0\u5185\u3067\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f in which \u307e\u305f\u306f where \u3068\u3044\u3046\u526f\u8a5e\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001which \u5358\u4f53\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;I vividly remember the day \\(\\text{on which}\\) the historic treaty was signed by the representatives of both nations.&#8221; \u2192 \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306f\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u65e5\u6642\u306f on that day \u3068\u3057\u3066\u526f\u8a5e\u7684\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e on \u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which \u306e\u7d50\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308a\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001when \u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The ancient city \\(\\text{which we lived in}\\) for three years has undergone drastic urban development.&#8221; \u2192 \u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u304c\u5834\u6240\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081 where \u3068\u3057\u305f\u304f\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7bc0\u672b\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e in \u304c\u6b8b\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 in \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which \u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 in \u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3066 where \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u306f\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u4e0d\u5099\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e\u306e\u5883\u754c\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u7d71\u8a9e\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u8907\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3068\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u30fb\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b whoever \u3084 whatever \u306a\u3069\u306e\u8907\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u301c\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u306f\u8ab0\u3067\u3082\u300d\u300c\u301c\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3082\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a33\u8a9e\u3067\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u8907\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306f\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff08anyone who&#8230; \/ anything that&#8230;\uff09\u3068\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff08no matter who&#8230; \/ no matter what&#8230;\uff09\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u304c\u6587\u578b\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u308b\u3068\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\uff08no matter what \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8907\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u8907\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u304c\u5c0e\u304f\u7bc0\u306e\u5916\u90e8\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u4e3b\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30fb\u88dc\u8a9e\u30fb\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306e\u6587\u578b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u6587\u578b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u8907\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\uff08whoever, whatever, whichever \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u304c\u65e2\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6587\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8907\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u6587\u982d\u3084\u6587\u672b\u3067\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08whoever \u307e\u305f\u306f no matter who \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;You may award the scholarship to \\(\\text{whomever submits}\\) the most innovative research proposal by the deadline.&#8221; \u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e submits \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u4e3b\u683c whoever \u3092\u7528\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 whomever \u306f\u76ee\u7684\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7bc0\u5185\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;\\(\\text{No matter what you choose}\\), the committee will respect your final decision regarding the research topic.&#8221; \u2192 \u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u30b3\u30f3\u30de\u3067\u4e3b\u7bc0\u304b\u3089\u5206\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e3b\u6587\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6587\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9069\u5207\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The company will provide financial support for \\(\\text{whomever employees}\\) demonstrate outstanding performance.&#8221; \u2192 employees \u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e whoever\/whomever \u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7684\u306b\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3067\u304d\u308b whichever \u307e\u305f\u306f whatever employees \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The prize will be given to \\(\\text{anyone whoever finishes}\\) the marathon in less than two hours.&#8221; \u2192 anyone who \u306e\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4e8c\u91cd\u306b\u91cd\u306d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a anyone whoever \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 whoever \u5358\u4f53\u306b\u3059\u308b\u304b anyone who \u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u5f37\u8abf\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u898b\u9003\u3059\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8907\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u3064\u306a\u3050\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and\u3001but\u3001or \u306a\u3069\u306e\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306f\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7b49\u4fa1\u306a\u7bc4\u7587\uff08\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4e8c\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u4e26\u5217\u3055\u305b\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u898f\u5247\uff08Coordinate Structure Constraint\uff09\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u610f\u5473\u304c\u901a\u3058\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u305b\u304b\u3051\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3068\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u7bc0\u3068\u53e5\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7570\u8cea\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7bc4\u7587\u3092\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3067\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u7834\u7dbb\u304c\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e26\u5217\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3059\u308b\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5fa9\u5143<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u300c\u524d\u3092\u898b\u3066\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f62\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u524d\u65b9\u306b\u985e\u4f3c\u3057\u305f\u8a9e\u53e5\u304c\u8907\u6570\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u524d\u65b9\u304b\u3089\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u30d6\u30ec\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u7d71\u8a9e\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u5f8c\u65b9\u8981\u7d20 B\uff09\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u7d20\u7684\u30fb\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u524d\u65b9\u8981\u7d20 A\uff09\u3092\u524d\u65b9\u306b\u9006\u884c\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3066\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002A and B \u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001B \u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070 A \u3082\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001B \u304c to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070 A \u3082 to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\uff08and, but, or\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8981\u7d20 B \u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\uff08\u54c1\u8a5e\u3001\u6642\u5236\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3001\u7bc0\u306e\u69cb\u9020\uff09\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u524d\u65b9\u3092\u9006\u884c\u3057\u3066\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001B \u3068\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4e26\u5217\u5019\u88dc A \u3092\u63a2\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f A \u3068 B \u304c\u4e3b\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u5f97\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u7bc4\u7587\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6df7\u5728\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The new training program is designed to enhance critical thinking skills, promote effective communication, and \\(\\text{fostering}\\) a collaborative team environment.&#8221; \u2192 \u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e and \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u8981\u7d20 B \u306f\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e fostering \u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u524d\u65b9\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3068 to \u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e enhance \u3068 promote \u304c\u4e26\u5217\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 fostering \u306e\u307f\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e foster \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The university evaluated applicants not only on their standardized test scores but also \\(\\text{how well they performed}\\) during the personal interview.&#8221; \u2192 \u76f8\u95a2\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e not only A but also B \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001A \u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5 on their standardized test scores \u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 B \u306b\u306f\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u9593\u63a5\u7591\u554f\u7bc0 how well&#8230; \u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 on their performance&#8230; \u306a\u3069\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e on \u3092\u4f34\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306b\u63c3\u3048\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;She decided to quit her corporate job, travel across South America, and \\(\\text{eventually write}\\) a book about her experiences.&#8221; \u2192 and \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e write \u306f\u3001\u524d\u65b9\u306e quit, travel \u3068\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u7d71\u4e00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u526f\u8a5e eventually \u3092\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u9069\u683c\u306a\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The ancient text was remarkably well preserved, highly informative, and \\(\\text{of great value}\\) to historians studying the medieval period.&#8221; \u2192 preserved, informative \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u304c\u4e26\u3093\u3060\u5f8c\u306b of great value \u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\u306b\u898b\u3048\u3084\u3059\u3044 \u2192 \u300cof + \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u300d\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08valuable\uff09\u3068\u7b49\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u4e26\u5217\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u3053\u308c\u3092\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306a\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u76f8\u95a2\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u3068\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u4e00\u81f4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b either&#8230;or \u3084 not only&#8230;but also \u306a\u3069\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u610f\u5473\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308c\u3070\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306f\u591a\u5c11\u305a\u308c\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u76f8\u95a2\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306f\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u7d71\u8a9e\u5358\u4f4d\u3068\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u7d71\u8a9e\u5358\u4f4d\u304c\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u5171\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u524d\u306b either \u3092\u7f6e\u304d\u306a\u304c\u3089 or \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u307f\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u914d\u7f6e\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3068\u3057\u3066\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u30da\u30a2\uff08not only \/ but also, either \/ or, neither \/ nor, both \/ and\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u53e5\u30fb\u7bc0\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u53e5\u30fb\u7bc0\u304c\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u5f8c\u7d9a\u90e8\u3068\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u54c1\u8a5e\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306e\u30ba\u30ec\u306b\u3088\u308b\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The proposed constitutional amendment will \\(\\text{either affect}\\) the rights of minority groups or the balance of power between government branches.&#8221; \u2192 either \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306f\u52d5\u8a5e affect \u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001or \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306f\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5 the balance of power \u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7570\u8cea\u306a\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 affect either the rights&#8230; or the balance&#8230; \u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b either \u3092\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The research team was able to \\(\\text{not only identify}\\) the genetic mutation responsible for the disease but also synthesize an effective therapeutic compound.&#8221; \u2192 not only \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e identify\u3001but also \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e synthesize \u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u4e26\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Students must choose \\(\\text{between writing}\\) an extensive research thesis or taking two additional seminar courses.&#8221; \u2192 \u76f8\u95a2\u8868\u73fe between A and B \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e or \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 between writing&#8230; and taking&#8230; \u3068\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;He is interested \\(\\text{not only in theoretical physics}\\) but also in applied mathematics.&#8221; \u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e in \u304c\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u6975\u3081\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 not only in&#8230; but also applied&#8230; \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3092\u8131\u843d\u3055\u305b\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3053\u305d\u304c\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u672c\u4f8b\u306f\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16. \u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e26\u884c\u6027\u3068\u7701\u7565\u306e\u5fa9\u5143<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\uff08as&#8230;as, more&#8230;than\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4e8b\u614b\u3084\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5bfe\u8c61\u540c\u58eb\uff08X \u3068 Y\uff09\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u7b49\u4fa1\u306a\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e that \/ those \u306e\u88dc\u5b8c\u304c\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3084\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u547c\u5fdc\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304c\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u57fa\u5e95\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3066\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff11. \u6bd4\u8f03\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3068\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u5b8c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u306f\u300cthan \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u305f\u3044\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u7f6e\u3051\u3070\u3088\u3044\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u300c\u6771\u4eac\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u306f\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u3088\u308a\u591a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f The population of Tokyo is larger than London. \u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u6771\u4eac\u306e\u300c\u4eba\u53e3\u300d\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3055\u308c\u5f97\u308b\u306e\u306f\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u300c\u4eba\u53e3\u300d\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u300c\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u90fd\u5e02\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7b49\u4fa1\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e that of&#8230; \u307e\u305f\u306f those of&#8230; \u3092\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u88dc\u5b8c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540d\u8a5e\uff08X\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001than \u307e\u305f\u306f as \u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bfe\u8c61\uff08Y\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001X \u3068 Y \u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u306b\u5c5e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001X \u304c\u300c\u540d\u8a5e + \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3001Y \u5074\u3067\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u3092\u4ee3\u66ff\u3059\u308b that \/ those \u304c\u9069\u5207\u306b\u88dc\u5b8c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The carbon emissions produced by developing nations are increasing much faster than \\(\\text{developed nations}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u6bd4\u8f03\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f developing nations \u306e\u300c\u6392\u51fa\u91cf\uff08emissions\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001developed nations\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\uff09\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u8aa4\u8b2c\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 emissions \u306f\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f than those of developed nations \u3068\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e those \u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The climate of coastal regions is generally much milder than \\(\\text{that of inland areas}\\) at the same latitude.&#8221; \u2192 \u5358\u6570\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e climate \u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e that \u304c\u9069\u5207\u306b\u88dc\u5b8c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u304c\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;His salary as a senior software engineer is considerably higher than \\(\\text{a high school teacher}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u6bd4\u8f03\u5bfe\u8c61\u304c salary\uff08\u7d66\u4e0e\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001than \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u304c a high school teacher\uff08\u8077\u696d\u4eba\uff09\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 than that of a high school teacher \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The nutritional value of fresh vegetables is superior to \\(\\text{frozen ones}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u6bd4\u8f03\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f nutritional value\uff08\u6804\u990a\u4fa1\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001vegetables\uff08\u91ce\u83dc\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044 \u2192 frozen ones \u306f\u91ce\u83dc\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u300c\u91ce\u83dc\u306e\u6804\u990a\u4fa1\u300d\u3068\u300c\u51b7\u51cd\u91ce\u83dc\u300d\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f superior to that of frozen vegetables \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e26\u884c\u6027\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff12. \u6bd4\u8f03\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7701\u7565\u3068\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u547c\u5fdc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b than \u3084 as \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u6587\u306f\u300c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3060\u3051\u7f6e\u3051\u3070\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bfe\u8c61\u304c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08do, does, did\uff09\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c be \u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a than \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u3067\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e do \u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u7701\u7565\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08be\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001than \u307e\u305f\u306f as \u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u4f53\u7cfb\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u6642\u5236\u3068\u6570\u306e\u547c\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The agricultural sector in this region is much more vulnerable to sudden climate changes than \\(\\text{industrial sectors do}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f be \u52d5\u8a5e is \u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001than \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u7bc0\u3067\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3079\u304d\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f do \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f be \u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f than industrial sectors are \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;She accumulated far more empirical evidence during her field research than her colleagues \\(\\text{were}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62 accumulated \u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u7bc0\u3067\u306f\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e did \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b \u2192 were \u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7167\u5fdc\u3092\u6b20\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;He has published more influential papers in international journals than any other researcher in the department \\(\\text{has}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62 has published \u306b\u547c\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u7bc0\u672b\u5c3e\u306b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e has \u304c\u9069\u5207\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The ancient philosopher admired Socrates more than \\(\\text{his contemporary rivals}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u3053\u306e\u6587\u306f\u300c\u30bd\u30af\u30e9\u30c6\u30b9\u304c\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d0\u30eb\u3092\u8cde\u8cdb\u3057\u305f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u300d\u3068\u3082\u300c\u5f7c\u304c\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d0\u30eb\u3092\u8cde\u8cdb\u3057\u305f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u300d\u3068\u3082\u89e3\u91c8\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064 \u2192 \u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001than his contemporary rivals did \u3068\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u66d6\u6627\u6027\u3092\u653e\u7f6e\u3057\u305f\u6587\u6cd5\u7834\u7dbb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5224\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u5fa9\u5143\u3068\u6574\u5408\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17. \u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a9e\u9806\u5909\u5316\u3068\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u982d\u79fb\u52d5\u3084\u5834\u6240\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u6587\u982d\u914d\u7f6e\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5012\u7f6e\u69cb\u6587\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u767a\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u898f\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u300c\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0b\u52d5\u8a5e\u300d\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u307e\u307e\u653e\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8aa4\u308a\u3084\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587 It is&#8230; that&#8230; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u8a98\u3046\u7834\u7dbb\u304c\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u8a9e\u9806\u5909\u5316\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff11. \u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u6587\u982d\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u5012\u7f6e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5012\u7f6e\u69cb\u6587\u306f\u300c\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3044\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u524d\u306b\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u3072\u3063\u304f\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u3082\u306e\u300d\u3068\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\uff08never, rarely, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, nor, not only \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u7bc0\u982d\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306b\u306f\u7591\u554f\u6587\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\uff08\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e \/ be\u52d5\u8a5e + \u4e3b\u8a9e + \u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u3078\u306e\u5909\u5316\u304c\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u5012\u7f6e\uff08Subject-Auxiliary Inversion: SAI\uff09\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u4e00\u822c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001do \/ does \/ did \u3092\u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u633f\u5165\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5358\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u4e00\u822c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306f\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u5012\u7f6e\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5236\u9650\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u30fb\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f be \u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u524d\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b do\/does\/did \u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u672c\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u539f\u5f62\u306b\u623b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;Seldom \\(\\text{the renowned author spoke}\\) in public about the traumatic experiences that inspired his masterpiece.&#8221; \u2192 \u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u526f\u8a5e seldom \u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306b\u306f\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b \u2192 \u901a\u5e38\u306e\u8a9e\u9806 the author spoke \u306e\u307e\u307e\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f did the renowned author speak \u3068\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e did \u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u524d\u306b\u633f\u5165\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Hardly \\(\\text{had the negotiations begun}\\) when an unexpected diplomatic crisis disrupted the entire conference.&#8221; \u2192 Hardly had + S + pp&#8230; when&#8230; \u306e\u5b9a\u578b\u5012\u7f6e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e had \u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e the negotiations \u306e\u524d\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306b\u5012\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Not only \\(\\text{she completed the assignment}\\) ahead of the strict deadline, but she also helped her classmates with their projects.&#8221; \u2192 not only \u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u7bc0\u306f did she complete \u3068\u5012\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;Only after conducting numerous extensive experiments \\(\\text{they realized}\\) the true significance of the anomalous data.&#8221; \u2192 only \u3092\u4f34\u3046\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3082\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u7fa9\u52d9\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306b\u983c\u3063\u3066 they realized \u3092\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3059\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b \u2192 did they realize \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u6587\u982d\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5012\u7f6e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff12. \u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587 It is&#8230; that&#8230; \u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u5145\u8db3\u6027\u3068\u540c\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b It is&#8230; that&#8230; \u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306f\u300c\u301c\u306a\u306e\u306f\u2026\u3060 \u3068\u8a33\u305b\u308b\u3082\u306e\u300d\u3068\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e it \u304c\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b that \u7bc0\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u3092\u6307\u3059\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u307e\u305f\u306f\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff09\u3092 it is \u3068 that \u306e\u9593\u306b\u631f\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u5206\u88c2\u6587\uff08cleft sentence\uff09\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u5168\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u5206\u88c2\u6587\uff08\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u3001It is \u3068 that \u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u3044\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3001\u631f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u7d20\u304c that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u526f\u8a5e\u7684\u4fee\u98fe\u90e8\uff09\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u53ce\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6587\u304c\u5fa9\u5143\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u884c\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e that \u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u898b\u629c\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001It is (was) \u3068 that \u306e\u9593\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u54c1\u8a5e\u30fb\u7bc4\u7587\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001It is (was) \u3068 that \u3092\u4eee\u60f3\u7684\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3057\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u7d20\u3092 that \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7bc0\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u76f4\u3059\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u53ce\u307e\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u5f37\u8abf\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u5d29\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3092\u7834\u7dbb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;It was the relentless dedication of the laboratory staff \\(\\text{which the breakthrough was achieved}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5 through the relentless dedication&#8230; \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3079\u304d\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u307f\u304c\u631f\u307e\u308c\u3001that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u53d6\u308a\u9664\u3044\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u6587\u304c\u5fa9\u5143\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f It was through the relentless dedication&#8230; that&#8230; \u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;It was precisely because the economic conditions deteriorated rapidly \\(\\text{that}\\) the government introduced the emergency stimulus package.&#8221; \u2192 \u7406\u7531\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0 because&#8230; \u304c\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u631f\u307e\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001that \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4e3b\u7bc0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 It was \u3068 that \u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304f\u3068\u300c\u7406\u7531\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff0b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u300d\u306e\u6b63\u5e38\u306a\u6587\u304c\u5fa9\u5143\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306a\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;It was this historic building \\(\\text{where the peace treaty was signed}\\) at the end of the war.&#8221; \u2192 \u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5834\u6240\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u526f\u8a5e where \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f that \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08where \u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u898b\u3048\u3084\u3059\u3044\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;It was obvious to everyone present at the conference \\(\\text{that}\\) the newly proposed hypothesis was flawed.&#8221; \u2192 It is \u3068 that \u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304f\u3068 obvious to everyone the hypothesis was flawed \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001obvious \u3092\u88dc\u8a9e\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 that \u7bc0\u306f\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u898f\u5247\u3092\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18. \u6642\u5236\u30fb\u76f8\u30fb\u6cd5\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3068\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\uff08Sequence of Tenses\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6642\u5236\u304c\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u6642\u5236\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u6642\u5236\u304c\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u898f\u5247\u3068\u3001\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u771f\u7406\u3084\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u306a\u3044\u4f8b\u5916\u898f\u5247\u306e\u5883\u754c\u304c\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6642\u5236\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u753b\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff11. \u4e3b\u7bc0\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u6642\u5236\u5f8c\u9000<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306f\u300c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306a\u3089\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u3082\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u601d\u8003\u30fb\u4f1d\u9054\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08think, believe, say, report \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u4e8b\u614b\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3078\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e8b\u614b\u3084\u3059\u3067\u306b\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u4e8b\u614b\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff08had + pp\uff09\u3078\u3068\u5f8c\u9000\u3059\u308b\u898f\u5247\u306b\u306f\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u3068\u4e8b\u614b\u767a\u751f\u6642\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5e74\u53f7\u3084\u904e\u53bb\u3092\u793a\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u3059\u3079\u304d\u304b\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3068\u3059\u3079\u304d\u304b\u306e\u5883\u754c\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u6642\u5236\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6642\u5236\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u4e8b\u614b\u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u3068\u540c\u6642\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u4e8b\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u540c\u6642\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3001\u4ee5\u524d\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u6642\u5236\u306e\u5f8c\u9000\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3084\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306e\u6b8b\u5b58\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The geopolitical analyst argued that the treaty signed in the previous decade \\(\\text{has prevented}\\) armed conflicts in the region.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e argued \u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u524d\u304b\u3089\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u304c\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u308b \u2192 \u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86 has prevented \u306f\u904e\u53bb\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86 had prevented \u3078\u3068\u5f8c\u9000\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;During the interview, the witness stated that she \\(\\text{had observed}\\) the suspicious vehicle leaving the parking lot two hours before the alarm sounded.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u52d5\u8a5e stated \u3088\u308a\u3082\u524d\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86 had observed \u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Ancient astronomers believed that the earth \\(\\text{was}\\) the center of the universe.&#8221; \u2192 \u5730\u7403\u304c\u5b87\u5b99\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u904e\u53bb\u5f62 was \u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The biology teacher explained to the high school students that water \\(\\text{froze}\\) at zero degrees Celsius under standard atmospheric pressure.&#8221; \u2192 \u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3084\u81ea\u7136\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305a\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u898f\u5247\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b \u2192 froze \u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001freezes \u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff12. \u8981\u6c42\u30fb\u63d0\u6848\u30fb\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u63d0\u6848\u3084\u8981\u6c42\u306e\u7bc0\u306f\u300cshould + \u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u539f\u5f62 \u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u5165\u8a66\u554f\u984c\uff08\u7279\u306b\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u3059\u308b\u51fa\u984c\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001suggest, recommend, demand, insist, propose, require \u306a\u3069\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e should \u304c\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u5358\u6570\u30fb\u8907\u6570\u3084\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u6642\u5236\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u539f\u5f62\uff08\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\uff09\u304c\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a -s \u304c\u4ed8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5f62\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u300c\u8aa4\u308a\u300d\u3068\u898b\u8aa4\u308b\u53d7\u691c\u751f\u304c\u7d9a\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u300c\u8981\u6c42\u30fb\u63d0\u6848\u30fb\u4e3b\u5f35\u30fb\u6c7a\u5b9a\u300d\u3092\u8868\u3059\u8a9e\u7fa4\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u6642\u5236\u3084\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6570\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u539f\u5f62\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f should + \u539f\u5f62\uff09\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u76f4\u8aac\u6cd5\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3084\u4e09\u5358\u73fe\u306e -s \u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u3092\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The supervisory committee strongly recommended that the financial officer \\(\\text{resigns}\\) from his position immediately to take responsibility for the deficit.&#8221; \u2192 recommended \u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u539f\u5f62 resign \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u4e3b\u8a9e the financial officer \u304c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u4e09\u5358\u73fe\u306e -s \u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The defense attorney insisted that his client \\(\\text{be given}\\) an opportunity to present the newly discovered alibi.&#8221; \u2192 insisted \u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u7bc0\u5185\u3067\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728 be given \u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001was given \u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The environmental regulations require that every manufacturing factory \\(\\text{installs}\\) advanced filtration devices.&#8221; \u2192 require \u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8981\u8acb\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001that \u7bc0\u5185\u306f\u539f\u5f62 install \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The historical documents strongly suggest that the ancient kingdom \\(\\text{perished}\\) due to prolonged severe droughts rather than foreign invasion.&#8221; \u2192 suggest \u306f\u300c\u63d0\u6848\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u300c\u301c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u76f4\u8aac\u6cd5\u306b\u5f93\u3046 \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u63d0\u6848\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u793a\u5506\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5f62 perished \u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u539f\u5f62 perish \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u306f\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u305f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u767a\u52d5\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u628a\u63e1\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19. \u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5185\u4fee\u98fe\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08NP\uff09\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08\u51a0\u8a5e\u3001\u6307\u793a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u8a5e\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u306f\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff08Determiner Hierarchy\uff09\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001so, such, too, as \u306a\u3069\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u304c\u51a0\u8a5e\u3068\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u8ee2\u5012\u73fe\u8c61\u3084\u3001\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u304c\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5185\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff11. \u7a0b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\uff08so \/ such \/ too\uff09\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u5236\u7d04<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306f\u300c\u51a0\u8a5e + \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + \u540d\u8a5e\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e so, too, as, how \u304c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u306f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u5f37\u304f\u5f15\u304d\u3064\u3051\u3066\u51a0\u8a5e\u306e\u524d\u65b9\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u300cso \/ too + \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + a(n) + \u540d\u8a5e\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u7fa9\u52d9\u3065\u3051\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001such \u3084 what \u306f\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300csuch + a(n) + \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + \u540d\u8a5e\u300d\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u898f\u5247\u6027\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u305f\u914d\u7f6e\u306f\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u5224\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u6a19\u7684\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5185\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u30fb\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08so, such, too, quite \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e a(n) \u3068\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001so \/ too \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u300c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + a(n) + \u540d\u8a5e\u300d\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f such \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u300ca(n) + \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + \u540d\u8a5e\u300d\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The theoretical physicist presented \\(\\text{a so convincing argument}\\) that even the most skeptical members of the audience accepted his hypothesis.&#8221; \u2192 so \u306f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001a so convincing \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u9806\u306f\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f so convincing an argument\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f such a convincing argument \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;It was \\(\\text{too delicate a matter}\\) for the inexperienced diplomat to discuss without prior consultation with the ambassador.&#8221; \u2192 too + \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff08delicate\uff09+ \u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e\uff08a\uff09+ \u540d\u8a5e\uff08matter\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9069\u683c\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;She achieved \\(\\text{so remarkable progress}\\) in her language acquisition that the examiners were astonished.&#8221; \u2192 progress \u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e a \u3092\u4f34\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u69cb\u9020\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044 \u2192 such remarkable progress \u3068\u3059\u308b\u304b so much progress \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The delegates had never encountered \\(\\text{such an unexpected crisis}\\) during the entire history of the peace conference.&#8221; \u2192 such + an + \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + \u540d\u8a5e \u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6b63\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 so an unexpected crisis \u306a\u3069\u3068\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5185\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3068\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff12. \u6570\u91cf\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u53ef\u7b97\u30fb\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u9069\u5408\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u6570\u91cf\u3092\u8868\u3059\u8a9e\u306f\u300c\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u3042\u308b\u304b\u5c11\u3057\u3042\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001many, few, several, a number of \u306f\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u306e\u307f\u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u3001much, little, a great deal of, an amount of \u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u307f\u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001information, advice, baggage, equipment, research, evidence \u306a\u3069\u306e\u5165\u8a66\u983b\u51fa\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066 many \u3084 a few\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e -s \u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u7834\u7dbb\u304c\u5de7\u5999\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3068\u6570\u91cf\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u5408\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u4fee\u98fe\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u88ab\u4fee\u98fe\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u53ef\u7b97\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08many, few, number\uff09\u304c\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u5358\u6570\u5f62\u304c\u7121\u51a0\u8a5e\u3067\u653e\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3092\u7834\u7dbb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The research institute has gathered \\(\\text{a large number of evidences}\\) demonstrating the correlation between diet and cognitive function.&#8221; \u2192 evidence \u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u306e\u8a9e\u5c3e -s \u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u6570\u8a5e a number of \u3067\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f a large amount of evidence \u307e\u305f\u306f a great deal of evidence \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Despite the severe economic recession, the charitable organization received \\(\\text{a considerable amount of donations}\\) from corporate sponsors.&#8221; \u2192 donations \u306f\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b amount \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 a large number of donations \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The laboratory recently purchased several sophisticated \\(\\text{pieces of equipment}\\) to accelerate the genome sequencing project.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e equipment \u3092\u6570\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b pieces of \u3092\u4ecb\u5728\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The committee reviewed \\(\\text{few positive feedbacks}\\) regarding the newly implemented evaluation system.&#8221; \u2192 feedback \u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001few \u3067\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u8907\u6570\u5f62 feedbacks \u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u300c\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3066\u898b\u9003\u3059\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b \u2192 little positive feedback \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u6570\u91cf\u8a5e\u3068\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u5408\u6027\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M02]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u9650\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M03]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u51a0\u8a5e\u3068\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6307\u793a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u53ef\u7b97\u30fb\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u3068\u6570\u91cf\u8a5e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u30fb\u547c\u5fdc\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u78ba\u7acb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u51fa\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3054\u3068\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8d70\u67fb\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3057\u305f\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u306e\u5230\u9054\u76ee\u6a19\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8d70\u67fb\u304c\u306a\u305c\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u80cc\u5f8c\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u539f\u7406\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u304c\u8ab2\u3059\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u6587\u8108\u5e72\u6e09\u4e0b\u3067\u3082\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u691c\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u6295\u5c04\u539f\u7406\u3001\u675f\u7e1b\u539f\u7406\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u3068\u5cf6\u5236\u7d04\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u547c\u5fdc\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u8003\u7a76\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6587\u8108\u4f9d\u5b58\u554f\u984c\u3092\u591a\u9762\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u578b\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u304c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u6295\u5c04\u539f\u7406\u3068\u3001\u6587\u578b\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u5206\u898f\u5247\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u591a\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3068\u6587\u8108\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u67a0\u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u539f\u7406\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M30]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e\u7279\u6027\u3068\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u6295\u5c04\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u6587\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4e2d\u6838\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8: Head\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\uff08\u9805\u69cb\u9020: Argument Structure\uff09\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3078\u3068\u4e00\u5bfe\u4e00\u3067\u6295\u5c04\uff08projection\uff09\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6295\u5c04\u539f\u7406\u304c\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5b88\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u304c\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u306e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5206\u6c34\u5dba\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3078\u306e\u6295\u5c04<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u306f\u300c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3054\u3068\u306e\u30a4\u30c7\u30a3\u30aa\u30e0\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u500b\u5225\u306b\u6697\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u751f\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8a9e\u5f59\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u7279\u6027\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u306e\u9805\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u88dc\u90e8\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 put \u306f\u300c\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\uff08Agent\uff09\u300d\u300c\u5bfe\u8c61\uff08Theme\uff09\u300d\u300c\u5834\u6240\uff08Location\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u9805\u3092\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5834\u6240\u3092\u8868\u3059\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u6b20\u3044\u305f *He put the book. \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u9805\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u3084\u3001\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u9805\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u304c\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u5145\u8db3\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u9805\u76ee\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u30b0\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\uff08\u03b8-grid\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304a\u3088\u3073\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u624b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306a\u9805\u304c\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u4f59\u5270\u306a\u9805\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The rapid development of artificial intelligence \\(\\text{enables to automate}\\) complex administrative tasks that previously required human expertise.&#8221; \u2192 enable \u306f enable + O + to do\uff08\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4eba\u306b\u301c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3055\u305b\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff08Theme\uff09\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u305f\u307e\u307e to automate \u304c\u63a5\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 enables companies to automate \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The military alliance provided the small nation \\(\\text{advanced defense systems}\\) to deter potential aggression.&#8221; \u2192 provide \u306f provide + \u4eba + with + \u7269\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f provide + \u7269 + to + \u4eba \u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u306e\u304c\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08SVOO\uff09\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 provided the small nation with advanced defense systems \u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e with \u3092\u4ecb\u5728\u3055\u305b\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The researchers attributed the sudden decline in the animal population \\(\\text{to}\\) the unprecedented habitat destruction.&#8221; \u2192 attribute A to B \u306f\u300cA\u3092B\u306b\u5e30\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u9805\u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The supervisor convinced \\(\\text{that the project would succeed}\\) despite the unexpected technical difficulties.&#8221; \u2192 convince \u306f\u300c\u4eba\u306b\u78ba\u4fe1\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u78ba\u4fe1\u3055\u305b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5bfe\u8c61\uff08\u4eba\uff09\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u300c\u4e0a\u53f8\u306f\u78ba\u4fe1\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u3066 convince that&#8230; \u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b \u2192 convinced the team that&#8230; \u307e\u305f\u306f was convinced that&#8230; \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u6295\u5c04\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u7d50\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306f\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\uff08M\uff09\u300d\u3068\u4e00\u62ec\u308a\u306b\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u610f\u5473\u3092\u5b8c\u7d50\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u300c\u88dc\u90e8\uff08Complement\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3001\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u7684\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u300c\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\uff08Adjunct\uff09\u300d\u306f\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 depend on \u306e on \u306f\u52d5\u8a5e depend \u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u305f\u3081\u7701\u7565\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001walk in the park \u306e in the park \u306f\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u7701\u7565\u3057\u3066\u3082\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u306f\u640d\u306a\u308f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3092\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u305b\u308b\u51fa\u984c\u304c\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u88dc\u90e8\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u88dc\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u88dc\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u30a4\u30c7\u30a3\u30aa\u30de\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\uff08consist of, deprive A of B, rob A of B, distinguish A from B \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u9078\u629e\u898f\u5247\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u610f\u5473\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u3057\u305f\u5225\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 prevent \u3068 prohibit \u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b from \u306e\u5171\u901a\u6027\u3068\u3001forbid \u306e to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The severe economic sanctions were intended to \\(\\text{deprive the regime from}\\) the financial resources necessary to develop weapons.&#8221; \u2192 \u5265\u596a\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e deprive \u306f\u5206\u96e2\u306e from \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001deprive A of B \u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u3068\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u3092\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 deprive the regime of the financial resources \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The newly appointed manager was strictly \\(\\text{prohibited to access}\\) the classified documents concerning the ongoing merger.&#8221; \u2192 prohibit \u306f prohibit A from V-ing \u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u8a31\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044 \u2192 prohibited from accessing \u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e from \u304a\u3088\u3073\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The university curriculum consists \\(\\text{of}\\) both theoretical foundation courses and practical laboratory training.&#8221; \u2192 consist \u306f\u300c\u301c\u304b\u3089\u6210\u308b\u300d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9069\u5207\u306b\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The strict security policy forbids employees \\(\\text{from using}\\) personal electronic devices within the data center.&#8221; \u2192 prohibit \u3084 stop \u306f from V-ing \u3092\u53d6\u308b\u304c\u3001forbid \u306f forbid A to do \u306e\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064 \u2192 from using \u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001forbids employees to use \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u9078\u629e\u898f\u5247\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6587\u578b\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u6295\u5c04\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M30]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u591a\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3068\u6587\u8108\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u306e\u5cfb\u5225\u306b\u3088\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u306e\u5cfb\u5225\u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u9078\u629e\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306f\u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u306a\u6163\u7528\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\uff08\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u3001\u8d77\u56e0\u3001\u5e30\u5c5e\u3001\u9053\u5177\u3001\u5206\u96e2\u306a\u3069\uff09\u304b\u3089\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u3092\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u5206\u96e2\u30fb\u5265\u596a\u30fb\u59a8\u5bb3\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\u7fa4\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a19\u8b58<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u3068 from \u306f\u300c\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u301c\u306e\u3001\u301c\u304b\u3089\u306e\u610f\u5473\u300d\u3068\u66d6\u6627\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u306a\u8d77\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u306e\u96e2\u8131\u3084\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u963b\u6b62\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08prevent, keep, stop, ban, discourage \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306f\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u8d77\u70b9\u3092\u793a\u3059 from \u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u6a19\u8b58\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u3084\u6240\u6301\u7269\u3092\u500b\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3059\u5265\u596a\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08rob, deprive, strip, clear \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306f\u7d50\u5408\u306e\u89e3\u9664\u3092\u793a\u3059 of \u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u76e4\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u985e\u8a9e\u9593\u3067\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u9632\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5206\u96e2\u30fb\u59a8\u5bb3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u300c\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u30fb\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u963b\u6b62\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u300c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u30fb\u6a29\u5229\u306e\u5f37\u596a\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5206\u985e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u963b\u6b62\u30fb\u59a8\u5bb3\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070 from + V-ing \u304c\u3001\u5265\u596a\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070 of + \u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001rob \u3068 steal \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3068\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The unexpected blizzard \\(\\text{discouraged the tourists to attempt}\\) the dangerous mountain ascent.&#8221; \u2192 discourage \u306f discourage A from V-ing \u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u59a8\u5bb3\u578b\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e to attempt \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 discouraged the tourists from attempting \u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The masked robbers \\(\\text{stole the museum of}\\) its most valuable Renaissance paintings during the power outage.&#8221; \u2192 steal \u306f\u300c\u7269\u3092\u76d7\u3080\uff08steal + \u7269 + from + \u4eba\/\u5834\u6240\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u3001\u5834\u6240\u3084\u4eba\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u3057\u3066 of \u3092\u4f34\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u5834\u6240\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u306e\u306f rob \u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001robbed the museum of&#8230; \u3068\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001stole its most valuable paintings from the museum \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The comprehensive insurance policy will clear the homeowner \\(\\text{of}\\) any financial liabilities resulting from the accident.&#8221; \u2192 \u8cac\u4efb\u306e\u89e3\u9664\u3092\u8868\u3059 clear A of B \u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u304c\u9069\u5207\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The legal framework protects whistleblowers \\(\\text{against}\\) retaliation by their employers.&#8221; \u2192 protect \u306f protect A from B \u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a protect A against B \u3082\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b \u2192 against \u3092\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u6c7a\u3081\u3064\u3051\u3066 from \u306b\u76f4\u305d\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u306f\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u672c\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5206\u96e2\u30fb\u59a8\u5bb3\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u9069\u5408\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u7d50\u5408\u30fb\u4ed8\u52a0\u30fb\u8abf\u548c\u3092\u8868\u3059\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \/ with \u306e\u9078\u629e\u6a5f\u5e8f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3068 with \u306f\u300c\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u76f8\u624b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u8a00\u8449\u300d\u3068\u6df7\u540c\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u306f\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3084\u5230\u9054\u70b9\uff08\u7d50\u5408\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\uff09\u3092\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001with \u306f\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u306a\u968f\u4f34\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u8abf\u548c\u3092\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 marry \u306f\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3067\u306f be married to \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5230\u9054\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9 compare A with B \u306f\u4e26\u3079\u3066\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u76f8\u4e92\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001compare A to B \u306f\u4e00\u65b9\u3092\u4ed6\u65b9\u306b\u6e96\u3048\u308b\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff08\u6bd4\u55a9\uff09\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u306e\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7d50\u5408\u30fb\u4ed8\u52a0\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u304c\u300c\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u5411\u30fb\u7d50\u5408\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u300c\u53cc\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u306a\u8abf\u548c\u30fb\u968f\u4f34\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\uff08conform to, adapt to, adhere to, equip A with B, furnish A with B \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u8868\u3059\u6587\u8108\u3067 with \u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u8abf\u548c\u3092\u8868\u3059\u6587\u8108\u3067 to \u304c\u8aa4\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;All international travelers entering the territory must strictly \\(\\text{conform with the local quarantine regulations}\\).&#8221; \u2192 conform \u306f\u898f\u5247\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5230\u9054\u70b9\u30fb\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u3089\u3092\u9069\u5408\u3055\u305b\u308b\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b \u2192 conform to the local regulations \u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff08conform with \u306f\u5e0c\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304c\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u3067\u306f to \u304c\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The expedition was adequately \\(\\text{equipped with}\\) the latest satellite communication devices and cold-weather gear.&#8221; \u2192 equip \u306f\u4f9b\u7d66\u30fb\u88c5\u5099\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e with \u3092\u4f34\u3044\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b be equipped with \u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The poet compared the transient nature of human existence \\(\\text{to}\\) the brief blooming of cherry blossoms.&#8221; \u2192 \u4eba\u9593\u306e\u751f\u3092\u685c\u306e\u82b1\u306b\u300c\u898b\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u30fb\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6bd4\u55a9\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u305f\u3081\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;His architectural philosophy is closely \\(\\text{related with}\\) the sustainable development goals.&#8221; \u2192 be related \u306f\u901a\u5e38\u5230\u9054\u70b9\u30fb\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\u3092\u793a\u3059\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\uff08be related to\uff09 \u2192 related with \u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u301c\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u767a\u60f3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001related to \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u9078\u629e\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u306e\u540c\u5b9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M04]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u4f53\u7cfb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u6982\u5ff5\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u8c61\u95a2\u4fc2\u3078\u306e\u610f\u5473\u62e1\u5f35\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u9078\u629e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M30]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u591a\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3068\u6587\u8108\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u69cb\u6587\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u4f7f\u5f79\u30fb\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6a5f\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08make, have, let\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08see, hear, notice, observe \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u90e8\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001\u539f\u5f62\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u4e09\u8005\u304b\u3089\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306f\u6587\u8108\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u9593\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u8ff0\u8a9e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u614b\u3068\u76f8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306b\u5b9a\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u539f\u5f62\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b to \u306e\u51fa\u73fe<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u5f8c\u308d\u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u539f\u5f62\u304c\u6765\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u6697\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u539f\u5f62\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e make \u304c\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3067\u8131\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u6a19\u8b58 to \u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5fc5\u305a\u8868\u5c64\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff08He was seen to cross the street. \/ He was made to work.\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5fa9\u5143\u898f\u5247\u306e\u4e0d\u5c65\u884c\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u304c\u6700\u3082\u597d\u3093\u3067\u51fa\u984c\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u7834\u7dbb\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u539f\u5f62\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3068 to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u6587\u306e\u614b\uff08\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u304b\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u304b\uff09\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u539f\u5f62\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u653e\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The mysterious figure was observed \\(\\text{enter the deserted mansion}\\) in the middle of the night.&#8221; \u2192 \u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e observe \u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u614b was observed \u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3067\u96a0\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f to \u304c\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u539f\u5f62 enter \u306e\u307e\u307e\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 was observed to enter \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The unexpected economic downturn made many small manufacturing companies \\(\\text{reduce}\\) their workforce.&#8221; \u2192 \u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e make \u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e many small manufacturing companies \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u539f\u5f62\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e reduce \u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;After hours of intensive interrogation, the suspect was finally made \\(\\text{to confess}\\) his involvement in the crime.&#8221; \u2192 \u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e make \u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The supervisor had his assistants \\(\\text{to compile}\\) the experimental data before the weekly meeting.&#8221; \u2192 have \u306f\u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f5c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u5f8c\u306b to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u8a31\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044 \u2192 had his assistants compile \u3068\u539f\u5f62\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4f7f\u5f79\u30fb\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u614b\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u88dc\u90e8\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u9593\u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5206\u8a5e\u9078\u629e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u300chave + \u7269 + \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u300d\u306f\u300c\u7269\u3092\u301c\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u3001\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u719f\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u6697\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e have \u3084\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e see \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08O\uff09\u3068\u305d\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08C\uff09\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8a9e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Small Clause\uff09\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5074\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u539f\u5f62\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u5074\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306b\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u77e5\u899a\u30fb\u4f7f\u5f79\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u88dc\u8a9e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08O\uff09\u3068\u88dc\u8a9e\uff08C\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001O \u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3001C \u3092\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3059\u308b\u4eee\u60f3\u306e\u7bc0\uff08O is C\uff09\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001O \u3068 C \u306e\u9593\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u80fd\u52d5\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u51e6\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001O \u304c\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\uff08Patient\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u3084\u539f\u5f62\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3092\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;We were completely astonished to hear our school&#8217;s anthem \\(\\text{singing}\\) by an international choir during the ceremony.&#8221; \u2192 anthem\uff08\u6821\u6b4c\uff09\u3068 sing\uff08\u6b4c\u3046\uff09\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u53d7\u52d5\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Anthem is sung\uff09\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u6821\u6b4c\u304c\u81ea\u3089\u6b4c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e singing \u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e sung \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The diplomat managed to make himself \\(\\text{understood}\\) in French despite his limited vocabulary.&#8221; \u2192 make oneself understood \u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\uff08himself\uff09\u304c\u4ed6\u8005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff08be understood\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53d7\u52d5\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e understood \u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;I had my computer \\(\\text{repair}\\) at the specialized shop yesterday because the hard drive crashed.&#8221; \u2192 \u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u4fee\u7406\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5074\uff08Computer is repaired\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u539f\u5f62 repair \u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 had my computer repaired \u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The police officer saw the suspect \\(\\text{stolen}\\) the expensive watch from the jewelry showcase.&#8221; \u2192 \u5bb9\u7591\u8005\uff08suspect\uff09\u306f\u6642\u8a08\u3092\u76d7\u3080\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\uff08Agent\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e stolen \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u80fd\u52d5\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081 steal \u307e\u305f\u306f stealing \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u300c\u76d7\u307e\u308c\u305f\u6642\u8a08\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9023\u60f3\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u9593\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u5206\u8a5e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6cd5\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3068\u7528\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4f7f\u5f79\u30fb\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u539f\u5f62\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u8a8d\u53ef\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u5fa9\u5143\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M12]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3068\u7528\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u683c\u88dc\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u30fb\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u3068\u88dc\u6587\u9078\u629e\u5236\u7d04<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3084\u540d\u8a5e\u3082\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\uff08that \u7bc0\u3001to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u304c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u304b that \u7bc0\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9078\u629e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u9055\u53cd\u304c\u72d9\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u4eba\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u96e3\u6613\u30fb\u78ba\u7387\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b difficult \u3084 impossible \u306f\u300c\u5f7c\u306b\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089 *He is impossible to do it. \u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001difficult, easy, impossible, hard \u306a\u3069\u306e\u96e3\u6613\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff08Tough-adjectives\uff09\u306f\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u305d\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u53d9\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u304c\u4eba\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u69cb\u6587\uff08Tough\u69cb\u6587: He is difficult to persuade [gap].\uff09\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u540c\u69d8\u306b probable \u3084 likely \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001likely \u306f\u4eba\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u3057\u3066 It is likely that&#8230; \u3082 He is likely to do \u3082\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001probable \u306f\u4eba\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u3067\u304d\u305a It is probable that&#8230; \u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u3057\u304b\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u96e3\u6613\u30fb\u78ba\u7387\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u304c\u4eba\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308c\u308b\u6027\u8cea\uff08likely, capable \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u53d6\u308c\u306a\u3044\u6027\u8cea\uff08probable, impossible \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u96e3\u6613\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3067\u4eba\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u306a\u3044\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;Under the current strict regulatory framework, the foreign company is \\(\\text{impossible to acquire}\\) the domestic firm.&#8221; \u2192 impossible \u306f\u4eba\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u3057\u3066\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\uff08It is impossible for the company to acquire&#8230; \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff09 \u2192 \u307e\u305f acquire \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e the domestic firm \u304c\u57cb\u307e\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081 Tough \u69cb\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;This complex mathematical theorem is extremely \\(\\text{difficult for undergraduate students to understand}\\).&#8221; \u2192 understand \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08gap\uff09\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e this complex mathematical theorem \u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6b63\u5f53\u306a Tough \u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Given his extraordinary academic record, the candidate is \\(\\text{probable to be awarded}\\) the international fellowship.&#8221; \u2192 probable \u306f\u4eba\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u3057\u3066 to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044 \u2192 It is probable that the candidate will be awarded&#8230; \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089 is likely to be awarded \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The stubborn negotiator is \\(\\text{impossible to persuade}\\) without offering significant concessions.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u4eba\u9593\uff08negotiator\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001to persuade \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u6587\u982d\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u300c\u5f7c\u3092\u8aac\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b63\u5f53\u306a Tough \u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u96e3\u6613\u30fb\u78ba\u7387\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u611f\u60c5\u30fb\u8a8d\u8b58\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u6587\u9078\u629e\u898f\u5247<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u300c\u301c\u3092\u78ba\u4fe1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u300c\u301c\u306b\u6c17\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u611f\u60c5\u30fb\u8a8d\u8b58\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306f\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08of\uff09\u3068 that \u7bc0\u3092\u81ea\u7531\u306b\u4ea4\u63db\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057 aware, sure, certain, confident \u306a\u3069\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306f\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u3092\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001that \u7bc0\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u3092\u8131\u843d\u3055\u305b\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff08*aware of that&#8230; \u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b that \u7bc0\u304c\u6765\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\uff09\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001be capable of \u306f\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u304c be able to \u306f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5bfe\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u9075\u5b88\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u30fb\u8a8d\u8b58\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e that \u7bc0\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u9078\u629e\uff08capable of -ing vs able to do\uff09\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u5b88\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The CEO was fully \\(\\text{aware of that}\\) the new market regulations would severely impact the company&#8217;s annual revenue.&#8221; \u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e that \u7bc0\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u898f\u5247\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306f\u76f4\u63a5 that \u7bc0\u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 of \u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066 aware that&#8230; \u3068\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001aware of the fact that&#8230; \u3068\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u4ecb\u5728\u3055\u305b\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Despite rigorous training, the inexperienced astronaut was not \\(\\text{capable to handle}\\) the unexpected emergency situation.&#8221; \u2192 capable \u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of + \u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 not capable of handling \u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The scientists are \\(\\text{confident of their ability}\\) to replicate the experimental results in independent laboratories.&#8221; \u2192 confident of + \u540d\u8a5e\u53e5 \u3068\u3044\u3046\u9069\u683c\u306a\u7d50\u5408\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The defense minister was \\(\\text{certain that}\\) the intelligence report had accurately identified the imminent security threat.&#8221; \u2192 of \u304c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u932f\u899a\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u304c\u3001that \u7bc0\u306e\u524d\u3067\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u304c\u8131\u843d\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u898f\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u306a\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u6587\u9078\u629e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M05]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u30fb\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u4fee\u98fe\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u96e3\u6613\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\u3068Tough\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u5f62\u6210\u539f\u7406\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M15]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3068\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3068that\u7bc0\u306e\u6392\u4ed6\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8fd1\u63a5\u6027\u3068\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u547c\u5fdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\uff08Subject-Verb Agreement\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u3067\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u3089\u308c\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u300c\u8fd1\u63a5\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\uff08Agreement by Proximity\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306f\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u6728\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\uff08Head\uff09\u3068\u306e\u9593\u3067\u751f\u8d77\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5165\u8a66\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u547c\u5fdc\u3068\u8fd1\u63a5\u6027\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u885d\u7a81\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u4f5c\u554f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u6570\u91cf\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u6570\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b family \u3084 committee \u306a\u3069\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u5358\u6570\u3067\u3082\u8907\u6570\u3067\u3082\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3067\u3082\u3088\u3044\u300d\u3068\u66d6\u6627\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u5185\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u69cb\u6210\u54e1\u500b\u3005\u4eba\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u304c\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5358\u6570\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e it \u3067\u53d7\u3051\u306a\u304c\u3089\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u8907\u6570\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6df7\u5728\u306f\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001a percentage of, the majority of, none of, two-thirds of \u306a\u3069\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u30fb\u5272\u5408\u3092\u8868\u3059\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u306f\u3001of \u306e\u5f8c\u7d9a\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u53ef\u7b97\u304b\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u304b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6570\u304c\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u304a\u3088\u3073\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u91cf\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u547c\u5fdc\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u304c\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u30fb\u5272\u5408\u3092\u8868\u3059\u6570\u91cf\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u30fb\u5272\u5408\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070 of \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u53ef\u7b97\u8907\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u5358\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u3092\u305d\u308c\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u5185\u3067\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u518d\u8a00\u304c\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u3068\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The committee \\(\\text{has reached its decision}\\) after considering all relevant testimonies.&#8221; \u2192 committee \u304c\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6a5f\u95a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5358\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e has \u304a\u3088\u3073\u5358\u6570\u6240\u6709\u683c its \u3067\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u7d71\u4e00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Approximately two-thirds of the agricultural land in this province \\(\\text{were destroyed}\\) by the catastrophic flooding.&#8221; \u2192 two-thirds of \u306f\u5272\u5408\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6570\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306f of \u306e\u5f8c\u7d9a\u540d\u8a5e land \u306b\u5f93\u3046 \u2192 land \u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\uff08\u5358\u6570\u6271\u3044\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e were \u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 was destroyed \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;None of the empirical data collected during the initial phase \\(\\text{is reliable}\\) enough for scientific publication.&#8221; \u2192 data \u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\uff08\u96c6\u5408\u7684\uff09\u306b\u6271\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304b\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001none of the data is&#8230; \u306f\u5358\u6570\u6271\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u8a31\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u308b \u2192 \u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The police \\(\\text{is investigating}\\) the complex financial fraud involving several international corporations.&#8221; \u2192 police \u306f\u5e38\u306b\u8907\u6570\u6271\u3044\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u5358\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e is \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001are investigating \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u5358\u6570\u5f62\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u6570\u91cf\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u6570\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u76f8\u95a2\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u4ed8\u52a0\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u4e3b\u8f9e\u547c\u5fdc\u306e\u885d\u7a81<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u300cA as well as B\u300d\u306f\u300cA\u3068B\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3060\u304b\u3089\u8907\u6570\u300d\u3068\u8aa4\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u306b as well as B \u3084 together with B, in addition to B \u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e A \u306b\u4fc2\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7684\u306a\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\uff08Adjunct\uff09\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306f\u3001\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b A \u306e\u307f\u3068\u547c\u5fdc\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057 either A or B \u3084 not only A but also B \u3067\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5074\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8 B \u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8fd1\u63a5\u898f\u5247\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u76f8\u9055\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8907\u5408\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u547c\u5fdc\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001as well as \u306a\u3069\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u5f8c\u7d9a\u53e5\u3092\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3057\u3001\u524d\u65b9\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e A \u306e\u307f\u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u4e00\u81f4\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001either A or B \u306a\u3069\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u76f4\u8fd1\u306e\u8981\u7d20 B \u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u4e00\u81f4\u3055\u305b\u3001\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The president of the university, together with several prominent members of the board of trustees, \\(\\text{were present}\\) at the dedication ceremony.&#8221; \u2192 together with \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u53e5\u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e the president \u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7684\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u5358\u6570\u306e the president \u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8907\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e were \u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f was present \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The professor as well as his enthusiastic graduate students \\(\\text{attends}\\) the international symposium every autumn.&#8221; \u2192 as well as \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u53e5\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u5358\u6570\u306e The professor \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5358\u6570\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u306e attends \u306f\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Not only the regional manager but also the store employees \\(\\text{was interrogated}\\) by the federal investigators.&#8221; \u2192 not only A but also B \u306e\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u76f4\u524d\u306e B\uff08the store employees\uff09\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 employees \u306f\u8907\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081 was \u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001were interrogated \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;Either the director or his trusted assistants \\(\\text{has prepared}\\) the final draft of the annual financial report.&#8221; \u2192 either A or B \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u8fd1\u63a5\u3059\u308b assistants \u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 assistants \u306f\u8907\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081 has prepared \u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001have prepared \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002director \u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3066 has \u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8907\u5408\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u547c\u5fdc\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u898f\u5247\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6587\u578b\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u547c\u5fdc\u3068\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u6392\u9664\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M15]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3068\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u8fd1\u63a5\u4e00\u81f4\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16. \u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u7167\u5fdc\u5f62\u306e\u675f\u7e1b\u539f\u7406\u3068\u6307\u793a\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\uff08himself, themselves \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\uff08him, them \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u3001\u751f\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u300c\u675f\u7e1b\u539f\u7406\uff08Binding Theory\uff09\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u898f\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5c40\u6240\u9818\u57df\uff08\u7bc0\uff09\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u9818\u57df\u5185\u3067\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u975e\u675f\u7e1b\uff09\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff11. \u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\u8981\u4ef6\u3068\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u301c\u81ea\u8eab \u3068\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304d\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u300d\u3068\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306e\u300c\u675f\u7e1b\u539f\u7406A\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u7167\u5fdc\u5f62\uff08anaphor: \u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u76f8\u4e92\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u542b\u3080\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u7bc0\uff08\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5c40\u6240\u9818\u57df\uff09\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u540c\u4e00\u6307\u793a\uff08c-command \u304b\u3064\u5171\u6307\u6a19\u5316\uff09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3084\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6027\u3068\u6570\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u7bc0\uff08\u4e3b\u7bc0\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\uff09\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6027\u30fb\u6570\u30fb\u4eba\u79f0\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u52d5\u4f5c\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u81ea\u8eab\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u7bc0\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u305f\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u6307\u793a\u3084\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u4e0d\u5728\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The newly elected senator introduced a bill that would protect \\(\\text{himself}\\) from unwarranted media investigations.&#8221; \u2192 that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8ff0\u8a9e would protect \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f a bill\uff08\u6cd5\u6848: \u7121\u751f\u7269\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e himself \u306f\u540c\u4e00\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e a bill \u304b\u3089\u675f\u7e1b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\uff08Bill protects himself \u306f\u610f\u5473\u3092\u306a\u3055\u306a\u3044\uff09 \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e the senator \u3092\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u7bc0\u5185\u3067\u306f\u81ea\u7531\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e him \u3092\u7528\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;After weeks of intense deliberation, the jury members found \\(\\text{themselves}\\) unable to reach a unanimous verdict.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u8a9e the jury members\uff08\u8907\u6570\uff09\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u7bc0\u5185\u3067\u683c\u52a9\u8a5e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3064 themselves \u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u675f\u7e1b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The comprehensive report was prepared by the research team and \\(\\text{myself}\\) over the course of three months.&#8221; \u2192 myself \u306f\u53d7\u52d5\u6587\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u5185\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f the report \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7bc0\u5185\u306b myself \u3092\u675f\u7e1b\u3059\u308b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u306a\u3044\u7b49\u4f4d\u53e5\u3067 myself \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001me \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The psychologist advised the patient to accept \\(\\text{himself}\\) as he truly was without self-criticism.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e to accept \u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u306e\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff08the patient\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 patient \u3068 himself \u306f\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u9818\u57df\uff08\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u53e5\uff09\u5185\u3067\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001himself \u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e psychologist \u3068\u6027\u30fb\u6570\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff12. \u901a\u5e38\u306e\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u975e\u675f\u7e1b\u8981\u4ef6\u3068\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6307\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u610f\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306f\u300c\u524d\u306b\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u305f\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u6307\u3059\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u300c\u675f\u7e1b\u539f\u7406B\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\uff08pronominal\uff09\u306f\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u9818\u57df\u5185\u3067\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u6307\u793a\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff08*He likes him. \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 him \u306f He \u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u6587\u8108\u306b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u540c\u6027\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u5bfe\u8c61\u304c\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u5b9a\u307e\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300c\u6307\u793a\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u6027\u300d\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6b20\u9665\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5224\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u7bc0\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u4eba\u7269\u3092\u6307\u3059\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\uff08\u540c\u4e00\u4eba\u7269\u306a\u3089\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e2d\u306e\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u6027\u30fb\u6570\uff08\u5358\u6570 it \/ that vs \u8907\u6570 they \/ those\uff09\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u304c\u6f20\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u4f55\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;When the experienced mechanic inspected the damaged engine of the sports car, he realized that \\(\\text{they}\\) required an immediate complete overhaul.&#8221; \u2192 \u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e they \u304c\u6307\u3057\u793a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u5bfe\u8c61\u306f the damaged engine\uff08\u5358\u6570\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u5358\u6570\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u8907\u6570\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e they \u3067\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6570\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f it required \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Although the historical documents were fragile, the archivist handled \\(\\text{them}\\) with the utmost care.&#8221; \u2192 \u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e documents \u3092\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e them \u3067\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7bc0\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e the archivist \u3068\u3082\u7570\u306a\u308b\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u675f\u7e1b\u539f\u7406B\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3057\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Each of the female participants must bring \\(\\text{their}\\) own identification card to the registration desk.&#8221; \u2192 \u53e3\u8a9e\u3067\u306f their \u304c\u5bb9\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u5165\u8a66\u6587\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 each \u306f\u5358\u6570\u6271\u3044\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5973\u6027\u3068\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081 her own \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The company announced that it would increase \\(\\text{its}\\) investment in renewable energy projects next fiscal year.&#8221; \u2192 it \u304a\u3088\u3073 its \u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e the company\uff08\u5358\u6570\u306e\u6cd5\u4eba\uff09\u3092\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u6307\u793a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 companies \u3068\u932f\u899a\u3057\u3066 their \u306b\u6539\u5909\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6307\u793a\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3068\u675f\u7e1b\u539f\u7406\u306e\u904b\u7528\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M16]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u3068\u7167\u5fdc\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7167\u5fdc\u5f62\u306e\u675f\u7e1b\u539f\u7406\u3068\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u540c\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M02]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u9650\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6027\u30fb\u6570\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17. \u79fb\u52d5\u73fe\u8c61\u3068\u5cf6\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u3088\u308b\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u306e\u691c\u51fa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7591\u554f\u8a5e\u306e\u6587\u982d\u79fb\u52d5\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u6210\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u53e5\u304c\u5143\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304b\u3089\u6587\u982d\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u300c\u79fb\u52d5\uff08Movement\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u79fb\u52d5\u306f\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u3082\u81ea\u7531\u306b\u884c\u3048\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u751f\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u5cf6\u5236\u7d04\uff08Island Constraints\uff09\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u9589\u3058\u305f\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u540c\u683c\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u7bc0\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u5916\u90e8\u3078\u3068\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u7834\u3063\u305f\u6587\u306f\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff11. \u8907\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u540c\u683c\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4e0d\u6b63\u306a\u62bd\u51fa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3084\u7591\u554f\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u3069\u3053\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3082\u524d\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u308a\u51fa\u305b\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8aa4\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30ed\u30b9\uff08J. R. Ross\uff09\u304c\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u305f\u300c\u8907\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5236\u7d04\uff08Complex NP Constraint: CNPC\uff09\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\uff0b\u540c\u683c\u7bc0\uff08the fact that&#8230;, the rumor that&#8230;\uff09\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3084\u7591\u554f\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7bc0\u5916\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u6307\u6458\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u540c\u683c\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u3044\u3066\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306b\u4ed5\u7acb\u3066\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u9055\u53cd\u304c\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7591\u554f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u5143\uff08\u5143\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306e\u7a7a\u6240 gap\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u540c\u683c\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u540d\u8a5e\uff0b\u88dc\u6587\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u5cf6\uff08island\uff09\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u5cf6\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u5916\u90e8\u3078\u3068\u79fb\u52d5\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u8907\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;*This is the controversial policy which the prime minister denied \\(\\text{the rumor that the cabinet had drafted}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which \u306e\u5143\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306f had drafted \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff08NP\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u306f the rumor that&#8230; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u540c\u683c\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u5cf6\uff09\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u5cf6\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u5916\u90e8\u3078\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8907\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3057\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u69cb\u9020\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u518d\u7de8\u6210\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;This is the groundbreaking theory which the committee believes \\(\\text{that the young scientist developed}\\).&#8221; \u2192 believe \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e that \u7bc0\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u88dc\u6587\uff08that-clause as complement\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u5cf6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u7a7a\u6240\u304b\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5408\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;*Who did you meet the student \\(\\text{who praised}\\)?&#8221; \u2192 \u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0 who praised [gap] \u306e\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u7591\u554f\u8a5e who \u3092\u6587\u982d\u3078\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5cf6\u5236\u7d04\uff08Wh-island\uff09\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3057\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The experimental method which the professor made \\(\\text{an attempt to verify}\\) yielded unexpected results.&#8221; \u2192 make an attempt to do \u306f\u719f\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u306f an attempt \u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u304b\u3089 which \u304c\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u304b\u3057\u3053\u306e\u7a2e\u306e\u8efd\u52d5\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u306f\u5cf6\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u7de9\u548c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u3067\u306f\u6587\u8108\u3068\u30a4\u30c7\u30a3\u30aa\u30e0\u306e\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5cf6\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff12. \u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u79fb\u52d5\u306e\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u306e\u7834\u7dbb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\uff08and, or\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u305f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u307f\u8a9e\u53e5\u3092\u6587\u982d\u3078\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u300c\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\uff08Coordinate Structure Constraint: CSC\uff09\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u4e26\u5217\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304b\u3089\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5bfe\u79f0\u7684\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304f\uff08Across-the-Board: ATB\u79fb\u52d5\uff09\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u884c\u308f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u7591\u554f\u8a5e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u5143\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7247\u65b9\u306e\u307f\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u7247\u65b9\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u306a\u79fb\u52d5\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;*What did the research team \\(\\text{design the experiment and discover}\\)?&#8221; \u2192 \u7591\u554f\u8a5e what \u306f discover \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e and \u3067\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u305f\u524d\u65b9\u306e\u7bc0 design the experiment \u304b\u3089\u306f\u4f55\u3082\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7247\u65b9\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u306f\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3057\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 What did the research team design and test? \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e21\u65b9\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304f\uff08ATB\u79fb\u52d5\uff09\u304b\u3001\u6587\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The chemical compound which the laboratory \\(\\text{synthesized and tested}\\) proved to be highly effective against the virus.&#8221; \u2192 which \u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u306f synthesized [gap] \u3068 tested [gap] \u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u5747\u7b49\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304b\u3089\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5bfe\u79f0\u7684\u62bd\u51fa\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;*The candidate who John voted for \\(\\text{and Mary supported the rival}\\) won the election.&#8221; \u2192 who \u306f voted for \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001and \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u7bc0\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308a\u4f55\u3082\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;What did you \\(\\text{go to the bookstore and buy}\\)?&#8221; \u2192 \u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001go and buy \u306f\u300c\u8cb7\u3044\u306b\u884c\u304f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u8868\u3059\u9023\u7d9a\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff08pseudo-coordination\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3001\u53e3\u8a9e\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u3067\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u306b\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b \u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306a\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306e\u307f\u3067\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3068\u6c7a\u3081\u3064\u3051\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3068\u7bc0\u306e\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u73fe\u8c61\u3068\u7a7a\u6240\u6355\u6349\u3001\u5cf6\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M15]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3068\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18. \u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u5236\u7d04<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">any \u3084 ever, at all \u306a\u3069\u306e\u300c\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\uff08Negative Polarity Items: NPI\uff09\u300d\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\uff08not, hardly, rarely, seldom \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u300c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\uff08\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a8d\u53ef\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff11. c-\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u8a8d\u53ef\u6761\u4ef6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b any \u306f\u300c\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u3084\u7591\u554f\u6587\u3067\u4f7f\u3046\u300d\u3068\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u304c\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u300cc-\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\uff08\u69cb\u6210\u7d20\u7d71\u5fa1\uff09\u300d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u6728\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u679d\u5206\u304b\u308c\u7bc0\u304c\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u305d\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5305\u542b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6587\u982d\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b *Anybody didn&#8217;t come. \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b any \u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306f\u3001didn&#8217;t\uff08\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\uff09\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u3088\u308a\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4e3b\u8a9e anybody \u3092 c-\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\uff08any, anyone, anything, ever, anywhere \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u8a8d\u53ef\u3059\u3079\u304d\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\uff08not, no \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u3088\u308a\u3082\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u304b\u3064\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3067\u306e any \u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3084\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u53ca\u3070\u306a\u3044\u4fee\u98fe\u7bc0\u5185\u3067\u306e\u5b64\u7acb\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;*\\(\\text{Anybody could not solve}\\) the exceptionally demanding mathematical puzzle during the allotted time.&#8221; \u2192 \u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e not \u306f\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e could \u306b\u4ed8\u7740\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e anybody \u3088\u308a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u4e0b\u4f4d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092 c-\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u304c\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u305a\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 Nobody could solve&#8230; \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The inspector could not find \\(\\text{any structural defects}\\) in the foundation of the newly constructed bridge.&#8221; \u2192 \u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e not \u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e any structural defects \u3088\u308a\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306b c-\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;*The manager who didn&#8217;t attend the meeting approved \\(\\text{any of the proposals}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e didn&#8217;t \u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u9589\u3058\u8fbc\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e any of the proposals \u3092 c-\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e any \u306f\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u305a\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;Hardly \\(\\text{anyone realized}\\) the profound philosophical implications of the newly proposed theory.&#8221; \u2192 hardly \u306f\u6587\u982d\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e anyone \u3092\u9069\u683c\u306b\u8a8d\u53ef\u3067\u304d\u308b \u2192 \u672c\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5408\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff12. \u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08seldom \/ hardly\uff09\u3068\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u62b5\u89e6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u306f not \u304c\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057 seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, barely, few, little \u306a\u3069\u306f\u5358\u4f53\u3067\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u5316\u3059\u308b\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8a9e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u3055\u3089\u306b not \u3084 no \u3092\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u300c\u5426\u5b9a\u7d20\u306e\u91cd\u8907\uff08Double Negation\uff09\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u5171\u8d77\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u5185\u306b\u3001\u5225\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\uff08not, never, no \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u304c\u885d\u7a81\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u304b\u80af\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u6539\u5909\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The experimental results \\(\\text{hardly showed no significant difference}\\) between the control group and the treated group.&#8221; \u2192 hardly \u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e no \u3092\u91cd\u306d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 hardly showed any significant difference \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Due to the dense atmospheric fog, the surveillance cameras could \\(\\text{scarcely capture any clear images}\\) of the harbor.&#8221; \u2192 scarcely \u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee any \u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u8a8d\u53ef\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4f59\u5270\u306a\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;He \\(\\text{seldom or never attends}\\) the annual departmental conferences held in the capital.&#8221; \u2192 seldom or never \u306f\u300c\u3081\u3063\u305f\u306b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u301c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u6163\u7528\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u885d\u7a81\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;There is \\(\\text{scarcely a person who does not desire}\\) peace and security in their homeland.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e scarcely \u3068\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e does not \u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7bc0\uff08\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5c40\u6240\u9818\u57df\uff09\u306b\u5c5e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u300c\u5e73\u548c\u3092\u671b\u307e\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u306a\u3069\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u5358\u4e00\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u885d\u7a81\u3068\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u3068\u5171\u8d77\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u540c\u5b9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u7701\u7565\u30fb\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u3068\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u8a8d\u53ef\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u4ea4\u5dee\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M08]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u614b\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u3068\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19. \u8a71\u6cd5\u5909\u63db\u3068\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6295\u5c04<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f4\u63a5\u8a71\u6cd5\u304b\u3089\u9593\u63a5\u8a71\u6cd5\u3078\u306e\u5909\u63db\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6642\u5236\u3084\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306a\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08reporting verb\uff09\u304c\u6295\u5c04\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u306e\u76f4\u793a\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff08deictic expressions: now, here, tomorrow \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u6642\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8996\u70b9\u3078\u3068\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u518d\u7de8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3092\u898f\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff11. \u76f4\u793a\u8868\u73fe\uff08\u6642\u9593\u30fb\u7a7a\u9593\u30fb\u4eba\u79f0\uff09\u306e\u9593\u63a5\u8a71\u6cd5\u3078\u306e\u6295\u5c04<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u8a71\u6cd5\u5909\u63db\u306f\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u5f62\u3092\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306b\u3057\u3001yesterday \u3092 the day before \u306b\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6697\u8a18\u898f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u76f4\u793a\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u518d\u7de8\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u4f1d\u9054\u8005\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u72b6\u6cc1\uff08Reporting Context\uff09\u3068\u88ab\u4f1d\u9054\u8005\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u72b6\u6cc1\uff08Reported Context\uff09\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u30ba\u30ec\u3092\u89e3\u6d88\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9593\u63a5\u8a71\u6cd5\u306e\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u88ab\u4f1d\u9054\u8005\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u76f4\u793a\u8a5e\uff08tomorrow, yesterday, ago \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6b8b\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8a71\u6cd5\u5909\u63db\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u76f4\u793a\u8a5e\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6642\u5236\u3068\u8996\u70b9\uff08\u8ab0\u304c\u8ab0\u306b\u4f1d\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u6642\u9593\u30fb\u7a7a\u9593\u30fb\u4eba\u79f0\u3092\u8868\u3059\u8a9e\u53e5\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u3066\u518d\u7de8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u76f4\u793a\u8a5e\uff08now \u2192 then, tomorrow \u2192 the next day, ago \u2192 before \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u653e\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The foreign minister stated at the press conference that he would sign the bilateral agreement \\(\\text{tomorrow}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0 stated \u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9593\u63a5\u8a71\u6cd5\u5185\u90e8\u3067 tomorrow \u3068\u3044\u3046\u767a\u8a71\u6642\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u8a9e\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6b8b\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 the following day \u307e\u305f\u306f the next day \u3078\u518d\u7de8\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;She told her colleagues that she had completed the statistical analysis \\(\\text{three days before}\\).&#8221; \u2192 ago \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f before \u304c\u9069\u5207\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u6642\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u518d\u7de8\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The defendant insisted that he had been \\(\\text{here}\\) during the time the crime was committed.&#8221; \u2192 \u88c1\u5224\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f1d\u9054\u73fe\u5834\u3068\u72af\u7f6a\u73fe\u5834\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u73fe\u5834\u306e\u76f4\u793a\u8a5e here \u306f there \u3078\u8ee2\u63db\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;Yesterday, the weather forecaster announced that it will rain heavily \\(\\text{tomorrow}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u4f1d\u9054\u304c\u300c\u6628\u65e5\u300d\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3001\u4e88\u5831\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u304c\u300c\u660e\u65e5\uff08\u4f1d\u9054\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306e\u660e\u65e5\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5305\u6442\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f tomorrow \u304c\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u6b8b\u5b58\u3057\u5f97\u308b \u2192 \u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306a\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u898f\u5247\u306e\u307f\u306b\u983c\u3063\u3066\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u6c7a\u3081\u3064\u3051\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8a71\u6cd5\u5909\u63db\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6295\u5c04\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff12. \u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3068\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u9069\u5408\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u9593\u63a5\u8a71\u6cd5\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f say \u307e\u305f\u306f tell \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u30fb\u8981\u6c42\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\uff08order, command, demand\uff09\u3001\u52a9\u8a00\u30fb\u63d0\u6848\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\uff08advise, suggest\uff09\u3001\u5c0b\u306d\u308b\u3082\u306e\uff08ask, inquire\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u304c\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u3001that \u7bc0\u3001whether \/ if \u7bc0\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\uff09\u306f\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u5206\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002say + \u4eba + to do \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u6df7\u5165\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u5f8c\u7d9a\u7bc0\u306e\u9069\u5408\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u985e\u578b\uff08\u8a00\u660e\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u52a9\u8a00\u3001\u8cea\u554f\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u90e8\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\uff08tell + \u4eba + to do vs say to \u4eba that&#8230; \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u3068\u5f8c\u7d9a\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u30df\u30b9\u30de\u30c3\u30c1\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The captain \\(\\text{said his soldiers to advance}\\) toward the strategic position on the hill.&#8221; \u2192 say \u306f\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3084\u300c\u4eba + to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u300d\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u547d\u4ee4\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070 told his soldiers to advance \u307e\u305f\u306f ordered his soldiers to advance \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The immigration officer \\(\\text{inquired me whether I had}\\) any commercial goods to declare.&#8221; \u2192 inquire \u306f\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f inquired of me whether&#8230; \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The doctor strongly advised the patient \\(\\text{to undergo}\\) a thorough examination at the university hospital.&#8221; \u2192 advise + \u4eba + to do \u3068\u3044\u3046\u9069\u683c\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The diplomat suggested to the committee \\(\\text{that they postpone}\\) the vote until the next session.&#8221; \u2192 suggest \u306f\u300c\u4eba + to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u300d\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u300cto \u4eba that \u7bc0\uff08\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\uff09\u300d\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u4e0d\u6b63\u306a\u914d\u7f6e\u3068\u932f\u899a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u624b\u9806\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M06]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6642\u5236\u3068\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u9078\u629e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8a71\u6cd5\u5909\u63db\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u6642\u5236\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u3068\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u6295\u5c04\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M30]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u591a\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3068\u6587\u8108\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5206\u985e\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff10. \u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\uff08Given-New\uff09\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u7d71\u8a9e\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3078\u306e\u5909\u63db\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6d41\u308c\uff08Information Flow\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831: Given Information\uff09\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u304f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831: New Information\uff09\u3092\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u6587\u672b\u7126\u70b9\u306e\u539f\u7406\uff08End-Focus Principle\uff09\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u6587\u672b\u91cd\u5fc3\u306e\u539f\u7406\uff08End-Weight Principle\uff09\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u52d5\u6a5f\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff10.\uff11. \u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u4e3b\u8a9e\u5316\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u9078\u629e\u306e\u8ac7\u8a71\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306f\u300c\u540c\u3058\u610f\u5473\u3092\u8868\u3059\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u300d\u3068\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3089\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u8ac7\u8a71\u5206\u6790\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\u3067\u65e2\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u6587\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6587\u3092\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u307e\u307e\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff09\u2192 \u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306b\u8ca0\u8377\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u5217\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306f\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3078\u7e70\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff09\u2192 \u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff08by \u53e5\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u3092\u56de\u5fa9\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u984c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u65e2\u51fa\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u65b0\u65e7\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3078\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30fb\u8ac7\u8a71\u7684\u306b\u5fc5\u7136\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;A devastating earthquake struck the coastal region last night. \\(\\text{A catastrophic tsunami immediately followed it}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\u3067\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f the coastal region \u3084 earthquake \u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u6587\u3067\u306f\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e it\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u304c\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e a catastrophic tsunami \u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u6587\u672b\u7126\u70b9\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u7167\u3089\u3057\u3066\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u304e\u3053\u3061\u306a\u3044 \u2192 It was immediately followed by a catastrophic tsunami. \u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 it \u3092\u6587\u982d\u306b\u636e\u3048\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The groundbreaking research on genomic sequencing was published in Nature. \\(\\text{It was conducted by an international team of scientists}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u524d\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u984c It\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u6587\u672b\u306e by \u53e5\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Several unknown Renaissance paintings were recently discovered in Florence. \\(\\text{Art historians around the world are currently examining them}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e them\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u304c\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001They are currently being examined by art historians&#8230; \u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u304c\u8ac7\u8a71\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The ancient temple was destroyed by fire in the fourteenth century, but \\(\\text{local craftsmen faithfully rebuilt it}\\) a few decades later.&#8221; \u2192 \u524d\u534a\u304c\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u5f8c\u534a\u3082\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044 \u2192 local craftsmen \u306b\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u6587\u8108\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u3082\u6b63\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306a\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u5f37\u8981\u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u614b\u306e\u9078\u629e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff10.\uff12. \u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30fb\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u672b\u79fb\u52d5\uff08\u91cd\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u8ee2\u79fb\uff09\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u9577\u3044\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u91cd\u3044\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6587\u672b\u65b9\u5411\u3078\u3068\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff08Heavy NP Shift: \u91cd\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u8ee2\u79fb\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 SVO + \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5 \u306e\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e O \u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u9577\u3044\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u77ed\u3044\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7e70\u308a\u4e0a\u304c\u308a\u3001\u91cd\u3044\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u6587\u672b\u3078\u3068\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff08S + V + PP + O\uff09\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u5012\u58ca\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u91cd\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u8ee2\u79fb\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7570\u5e38\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b\u3001\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u9577\u3044\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08Theme\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u5145\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u91cd\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u8ee2\u79fb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9069\u683c\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The museum curator attributed \\(\\text{to the influence of classical Greek sculpture the remarkable stylistic evolution}\\) observed in early Renaissance art.&#8221; \u2192 attribute A to B \u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e A \u3067\u3042\u308b the remarkable stylistic evolution&#8230; \u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u9577\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u77ed\u3044\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5 to the influence&#8230; \u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b\u8ee2\u79fb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u6587\u672b\u306b\u56de\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9069\u683c\u306a\u91cd\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u8ee2\u79fb\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The committee explained \\(\\text{to the public the complicated procedures}\\) required for filing international patent applications.&#8221; \u2192 explain A to B \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u91cd\u3044\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u5f8c\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u77ed\u3044 to the public \u304c\u524d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;*The committee approved \\(\\text{unanimously without any debate the budget}\\).&#8221; \u2192 the budget \u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u77ed\u3044\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u91cd\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u8ee2\u79fb\u3092\u52d5\u6a5f\u3065\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u91cd\u3055\uff08weight\uff09\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001approved the budget unanimously&#8230; \u3068\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The government provided \\(\\text{with financial aid the families}\\) affected by the natural disaster.&#8221; \u2192 provide \u306f provide A with B \u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u3001provide with B A \u3068\u3044\u3046\u91cd\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u8ee2\u79fb\u306f\u8a31\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044 \u2192 provide the families affected&#8230; with financial aid \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u8a9e\u6cd5\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u79fb\u52d5\u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8a9e\u9806\u5909\u5316\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M08]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u614b\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6587\u672b\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u6587\u672b\u91cd\u5fc3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u8981\u7d20\u79fb\u52d5\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M18]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6587\u9593\u306e\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u3068\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u30fb\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u914d\u5217\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ac7\u8a71\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff11. \u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e8c\u91cd\u6027\u3068\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u6027\u306e\u89e3\u6d88\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u6587\u304c\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u300c\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u6027\uff08Structural Ambiguity\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3084\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u548c\u8a33\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u306e\u4fc2\u308a\u5148\uff08\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u5148\u304c\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u304b\uff09\u3084\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u3092\u3081\u3050\u3063\u3066\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306a\u66d6\u6627\u6027\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6587\u8108\u7684\u8ad6\u7406\u3068\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3053\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u6027\u3092\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u89e3\u6d88\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff11.\uff11. \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u4fc2\u308a\u53d7\u3051\uff08PP\u4ed8\u52a0\uff09\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306f\u300c\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08PP\uff09\u306f\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08NP\uff09\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u3066\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u4fee\u98fe\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5834\u5408\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\uff09\u3068\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08VP\uff09\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u3066\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u624b\u6bb5\u30fb\u5834\u6240\u30fb\u6642\u9593\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5834\u5408\uff08\u52d5\u8a5e\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\uff09\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 &#8220;I saw the man with a telescope.&#8221; \u306f\u300c\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u7537\u3092\u898b\u305f\u300d\u306e\u304b\u300c\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u7537\u3092\u898b\u305f\u300d\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u91cd\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u5165\u8a66\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u4fee\u98fe\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u518d\u7de8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u662f\u6b63\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u4fc2\u308a\u53d7\u3051\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u4fc2\u308b\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3068\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u4fc2\u308b\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306a\u89e3\u91c8\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u300c\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u6708\u3092\u898b\u305f\u300d\u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306e\u518d\u7de8\u3084\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3078\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The local police arrested the suspect \\(\\text{with a long criminal record at the train station}\\).&#8221; \u2192 with a long criminal record \u306f the suspect \u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001at the train station \u306f arrested \u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u7570\u306a\u308b\u968e\u5c64\u306b\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u4e26\u5217\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u306a\u304f\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The astronomer observed the eclipse \\(\\text{with a sophisticated solar telescope}\\).&#8221; \u2192 with&#8230; \u306f observe \u306e\u624b\u6bb5\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u4fee\u98fe\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001eclipse\uff08\u65e5\u98df\uff09\u306e\u6240\u6709\u7269\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u52d5\u8a5e\u4fee\u98fe\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u3001\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;*The mayor discussed the construction of the hospital \\(\\text{with cancer}\\).&#8221; \u2192 with cancer\uff08\u764c\u3092\u60a3\u3063\u305f\uff09\u304c\u76f4\u524d\u306e the hospital \u306b\u4fc2\u308b\u3068\u300c\u764c\u3092\u60a3\u3063\u305f\u75c5\u9662\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0d\u6761\u7406\u306a\u610f\u5473\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b \u2192 \u4fee\u98fe\u5bfe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b patients \u3092\u660e\u793a\u3057\u3066 for cancer patients \u3068\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u6539\u5909\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;She examined the painting \\(\\text{with magnifying glass}\\) to detect any subtle restorations.&#8221; \u2192 \u624b\u6bb5\u3092\u8868\u3059 with a magnifying glass \u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e magnifying glass \u304c\u7121\u51a0\u8a5e\u5358\u6570\u3067\u653e\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u4fc2\u308a\u53d7\u3051\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306f\u901a\u3058\u308b\u304c\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u610f\u5473\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3060\u3051\u3067\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u662f\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4ed8\u52a0\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff11.\uff12. \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u307f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u300c\u540d\u8a5e A + of + \u540d\u8a5e B\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8907\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u540d\u8a5e A\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\uff09\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u540d\u8a5e B\uff08\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff09\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u6027\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u66d6\u6627\u6027\u3092\u89e3\u6d88\u3059\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5358\u8907\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u53d9\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u6027\u8cea\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306e\u4fc2\u308a\u5148\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u300c\u540d\u8a5e A of \u540d\u8a5e B\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001A \u3068 B \u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u6570\uff08\u5358\u6570\u304b\u8907\u6570\u304b\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8907\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e\u3078\u3001\u5358\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u5358\u6570\u540d\u8a5e\u3078\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3001\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u9069\u5408\u6027\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3066\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;He is one of those dedicated scholars who \\(\\text{devotes}\\) his entire life to the preservation of endangered languages.&#8221; \u2192 one of the + \u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e + who \u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306f\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e those dedicated scholars \u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066 who \u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u8907\u6570\u5f62 devote \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u5358\u6570\u306e devotes \u304a\u3088\u3073 his life \u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001who devote their entire lives \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;This is the only one of the historical documents which \\(\\text{has survived}\\) the catastrophic fire intact.&#8221; \u2192 \u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b the only one \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306f\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e documents \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u5358\u6570\u306e the only one \u306b\u4fc2\u7d50\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u5358\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e has survived \u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;A group of international specialists who \\(\\text{were assembled}\\) by the United Nations arrived in the earthquake zone.&#8221; \u2192 specialists \u306f\u8907\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8a5e group \u306f\u5358\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001who \u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eba\u79f0\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306f specialists \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8907\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e were \u306f\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The collection of ancient Greek coins which \\(\\text{was stolen}\\) from the museum has not yet been recovered.&#8221; \u2192 coins \u306f\u8907\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u76d7\u96e3\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u306f\u300c\u786c\u8ca8\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5168\u4f53\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306f collection \u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u5358\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e was stolen \u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u3082\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u3082\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6b63\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u76f4\u524d\u306e coins \u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3066 were stolen \u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u306f\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u4e0d\u5099\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7167\u5fdc\u898f\u5247\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3068\u7bc0\u306e\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u540c\u5b9a\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u6570\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6587\u578b\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u6027\u306e\u89e3\u6d88\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u539f\u7406\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8003\u7a76\uff1a\u7d71\u8a9e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u591a\u9762\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u3068\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306e\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u3084\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u77ed\u6587\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u9069\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\u304c\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9577\u5927\u306a\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u306e\u4ecb\u5728\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u7e2e\u7d04\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u62bd\u51fa\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u4ea4\u5dee\u306a\u3069\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u898f\u5247\u304c\u4ea4\u932f\u3059\u308b\u5883\u754c\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u305f\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u8aa4\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u306e\u5230\u9054\u76ee\u6a19\u306f\u3001\u4fee\u98fe\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u6975\u9650\u307e\u3067\u9577\u5927\u5316\u3057\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u3084\u524a\u9664\u304c\u591a\u91cd\u306b\u751f\u8d77\u3057\u305f\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u57fa\u5e95\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3001\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5206\u6790\u529b\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u304a\u3088\u3073\u79fb\u52d5\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u7406\u8ad6\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9577\u5927\u633f\u5165\u53e5\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u906e\u65ad\u3001\u5883\u754c\u4ea4\u5dee\u3001\u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u5e72\u6e09\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u57f9\u3046\u591a\u9762\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u306e\u6280\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u5c64\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7cbe\u9ac4\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u521d\u898b\u306e\u8d85\u96e3\u554f\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u529b\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u8f9e\u62bd\u51fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u6587\u304c\u4f55\u91cd\u306b\u3082\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7bc0\u5883\u754c\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u7bc0\u3054\u3068\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7701\u7565\u30fb\u5012\u7f6e\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u57fa\u5e95\u69cb\u9020\u5fa9\u5143<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u3084\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8131\u843d\u3057\u305f\u6587\u578b\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e26\u884c\u6027\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3001\u683c\u3084\u614b\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u30fb\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u306e\u9577\u5927\u5316\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u906e\u65ad<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9593\u306b\u9577\u5927\u306a\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u3084\u591a\u91cd\u4fee\u98fe\u304c\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u8a8d\u53ef\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u306b\u906e\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u3001\u898b\u304b\u3051\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u305f\u8aa4\u8b2c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u4ecb\u5728\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a8d\u53ef\u9023\u9396\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u8d70\u67fb\u6280\u6cd5\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u4e3b\u7bc0\u3068\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5883\u754c\u4ea4\u5dee\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u8f9e\u30fb\u88dc\u90e8\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8d70\u67fb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u6587\u982d\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u3059\u3050\u5f8c\u308d\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u633f\u5165\u53e5\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u540c\u683c\u7bc0\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u591a\u91cd\u306b\u9023\u9396\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u6570\u5341\u8a9e\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5883\u754c\u4ea4\u5dee\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9014\u4e2d\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u547c\u5fdc\u306e\u8131\u843d\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u5371\u967a\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u9ad8\u3044\u3002\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u9069\u683c\u306a\u6587\u3092\u6210\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306b\u9577\u5927\u306a\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u304c\u4ecb\u5728\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3082\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u6295\u5c04\u3059\u308b\u7d20\u6027\uff08\u6570\u30fb\u4eba\u79f0\uff09\u304c\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u6642\u5236\u8f9e\uff08Tense\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7d50\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a8d\u53ef\u9023\u9396\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u3092\u66d6\u6627\u306a\u6587\u8108\u628a\u63e1\u306b\u59d4\u306d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9577\u5927\u4ecb\u5728\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u6587\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5358\u6570\u30fb\u8907\u6570\uff09\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3084\u5206\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u5883\u754c\uff08\u59cb\u70b9\u3068\u7d42\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u62ec\u5f27\u3067\u62ec\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u906e\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4ecb\u5728\u7bc0\u7fa4\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u305f\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fa1\u304b\u3089\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u547c\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The unprecedented archaeological hypothesis \\(\\text{suggesting that}\\) the ancient maritime civilization had established transoceanic trade routes long before the recognized historical era were eventually substantiated by newly discovered nautical artifacts.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u8a9e hypothesis \u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u8a5e\u53e5\u304a\u3088\u3073 that \u7bc0\u304c\u9577\u5927\u306b\u4ecb\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u6587\u672b\u8fd1\u304f\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e were \u306f\u5358\u6570\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e hypothesis \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u8907\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f was substantiated \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The sophisticated statistical models which the research group, despite encountering numerous computational limitations, \\(\\text{managed to develop}\\) provide remarkably accurate predictions regarding global climate shifts.&#8221; \u2192 models \u3092\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u3068\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5 despite&#8230; \u304c\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001managed to develop \u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which \u306e\u7a7a\u6240\uff08develop \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff09\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e provide \u306f\u8907\u6570\u4e3b\u8a9e models \u3068\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;A comprehensive investigation into the irregular financial transactions that the multinational conglomerate, according to leaked internal documents, \\(\\text{had systematically concealed}\\) over the past decade was initiated by the regulatory authorities.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u8a9e investigation \u306f\u5358\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u306e concealed \u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e was initiated \u3068\u306e\u547c\u5fdc\u3082\u5b8c\u5168\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The theoretical physicist whose innovative contributions to quantum thermodynamics, which revolutionized modern condensed matter research, \\(\\text{was recognized}\\) with the prestigious international prize delivered an inspiring keynote lecture.&#8221; \u2192 whose \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e contributions \u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0 which&#8230; \u304c\u631f\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u76f4\u524d\u306e research \u3084\u6587\u982d\u306e physicist \u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3066 was \u3092\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b \u2192 contributions \u306b\u547c\u5fdc\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3079\u304d\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081 were recognized \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u9577\u5927\u4ecb\u5728\u69cb\u9020\u4e0b\u3067\u3082\u4e3b\u8f9e\u9593\u306e\u547c\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u540c\u683c\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u30fb\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u4e0b\u306e\u683c\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3068\u4e00\u81f4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u306a\u305c\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u7bc0\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u540c\u683c\u7bc0\u306e that \u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e that \u306e\u6df7\u540c\u304c\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u306e\u304b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u540c\u683c\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08the notion that&#8230;, the claim that&#8230;\uff09\u304c\u81ea\u7d66\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u306a\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\uff08\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u9805\u304c\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7bc0\uff09\u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306f\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\uff08gap\uff09\u3092\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u5305\u542b\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u306e\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3002\u540c\u683c\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u3044\u3066\u6587\u982d\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8907\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u62b5\u89e6\u3057\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u540c\u683c\u7bc0\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u7d61\u307f\u5408\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b that \u7bc0\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u672b\u5c3e\u307e\u3067\u7cbe\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30fb\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u6b20\u843d\u304c\u4e00\u5207\u306a\u3044\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u540c\u683c\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3068\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u540c\u683c\u88dc\u6587\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\uff08fact, belief, evidence, hypothesis \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u6587\u578b\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u6b20\u843d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308c\u3070\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u304c\u305d\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u683c\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The compelling empirical evidence \\(\\text{that the atmospheric temperature has been steadily rising}\\) over the past century confirms the validity of the climate simulation models.&#8221; \u2192 that \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7bc0\u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8a9e\u30fb\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u5b8c\u7d50\u3057\u305f\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u5148\u884c\u8a5e evidence \u306f\u540c\u683c\u88dc\u6587\u3092\u8a8d\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u9069\u683c\u306a\u540c\u683c\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;*The groundbreaking discovery \\(\\text{which the biochemical research team received international recognition}\\) was published in the leading scientific journal.&#8221; \u2192 discovery \u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u7bc0\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e received \u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e recognition \u3092\u65e2\u306b\u5145\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u5148\u884c\u8a5e discovery \u3092\u4ee3\u5165\u3059\u308b\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which \u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 for which \u307e\u305f\u306f that\uff08\u540c\u683c\uff09\u306b\u6539\u5909\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The widespread assumption \\(\\text{that monetary incentives inevitably enhance employee productivity}\\) has been challenged by recent organizational psychology experiments.&#8221; \u2192 assumption \u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b that \u7bc0\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u540c\u683c\u7bc0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u5341\u5168\u306b\u88dc\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The controversial policy \\(\\text{that the government committee drafted the guidelines for}\\) without public consultation was fiercely criticized by civil rights organizations.&#8221; \u2192 drafted the guidelines for \u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e for \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\uff08gap\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b \u2192 that \u4ee5\u4e0b\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u306b\u898b\u3048\u3066\u540c\u683c\u7bc0\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e that \u3092\u4e0d\u9069\u683c\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b \u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u308b\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u540c\u683c\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u306e\u89e3\u6d88<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u69cb\u6587\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u53cd\u5fa9\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u524a\u9664\uff08Ellipsis\uff09\u304c\u9ad8\u983b\u5ea6\u3067\u751f\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8868\u5c64\u304b\u3089\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3001\u4e26\u5217\u9805\u9593\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u5171\u901a\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u53f3\u65b9\u7bc0\u524a\u9664\u3068\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3067\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u5f8c\u7d9a\u7bc0\u306b\u306e\u307f\u73fe\u308c\u3001\u5148\u884c\u7bc0\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\u304b\u3089\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u300c\u53f3\u65b9\u7bc0\u524a\u9664\uff08Right Node Raising: RNR\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u6b8b\u5b58\u3057\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306b\u96c6\u7d04\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u914d\u7f6e\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u53f3\u65b9\u7bc0\u524a\u9664\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\uff08and, or, but\uff09\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5171\u901a\u306e\u5f8c\u7d9a\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u30fb\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5171\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5358\u72ec\u3067\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306b\u3001\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u5f97\u308b\u304b\uff08\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\u3092\u500b\u5225\u306b\u4ee3\u5165\u3057\u3066\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The international diplomatic mission attempted to \\(\\text{cooperate and resolve the conflict with}\\) the neighboring sovereign state.&#8221; \u2192 \u52d5\u8a5e cooperate \u306f\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e with \u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001resolve \u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u5b8c\u5168\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 cooperate with and resolve the conflict with \u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u5408\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e with \u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u304c\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u306b\u885d\u7a81\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 cooperate with and resolve the conflict with&#8230; \u3068\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u90e8\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The university faculty has consistently demonstrated its deep commitment to, and \\(\\text{unconditional support for}\\), the newly introduced educational curriculum.&#8221; \u2192 commitment \u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3092\u3001support \u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e for \u3092\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5 the curriculum \u3092\u5171\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u4e21\u8005\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The advanced medical device can effectively detect, but \\(\\text{cannot eradicate, the dormant virus}\\) residing in deep tissues.&#8221; \u2192 \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e detect \u3068\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e eradicate \u304c\u3001\u5171\u901a\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e the dormant virus \u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u5171\u6709\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u306a RNR \u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;*The newly enacted legislation will both \\(\\text{contribute and benefit from}\\) the revitalization of the domestic manufacturing industry.&#8221; \u2192 contribute \u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3092\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001benefit from \u306e\u307f\u304c\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u306e\u901a\u3058\u3084\u3059\u3055\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3066 contribute to \u306e\u8131\u843d\u3092\u898b\u9003\u3059\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b \u2192 contribute to and benefit from \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u524a\u9664\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u624b\u9806\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u64ec\u4f3c\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u30fb\u6bd4\u8f03\u7e2e\u7d04\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u5883\u754c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b than \u3084 as \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u7e2e\u7d04\u7bc0\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u7167\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7d50\u3076\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08do, be, have\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u652f\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4e3b\u7bc0\u304c\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3084\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u3079\u304d\u6587\u6cd5\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306b\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u3068\u305a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5d29\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u7e2e\u7d04\u7bc0\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\uff08\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001be \u52d5\u8a5e\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001than \u307e\u305f\u306f as \u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u7bc4\u7587\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u547c\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b be \u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8aa4\u7528\u3084\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u822c\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e do \u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The contemporary economic theories have failed to provide practical solutions to the financial crisis, just as \\(\\text{the classical models did}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62 have failed \u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bfe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b classical models \u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e did \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;*The newly proposed environmental regulation is significantly more stringent in its emission standards than \\(\\text{the previous directives did}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u306f be \u52d5\u8a5e is \u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001than \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7bc0\u3067\u5148\u884c\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f did \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f were\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\uff09\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 the previous directives were \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The technological innovations in renewable energy have advanced much faster than most energy market analysts \\(\\text{had anticipated}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u4e88\u6e2c\u304c\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u524d\u306b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86 had anticipated \u304c\u9069\u5207\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The manufacturing costs in developed economies are rising at an alarming rate, as \\(\\text{are those in developing nations}\\).&#8221; \u2192 as \u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u7bc0\u3067\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e are rising \u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e are \u304a\u3088\u3073\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e those\uff08costs\u306e\u4ee3\u66ff\uff09\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u8ee2\u5012\u3092\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u898b\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306a\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u7e2e\u7d04\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u9069\u5408\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u500b\u5225 M02]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u8a2d\u554f\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u306e\u6587\u8108\u6574\u5408\u3068\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M14]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7e2e\u7d04\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u547c\u5fdc\u3068\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e26\u884c\u6027\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u7701\u7565\u30fb\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u3068\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u524a\u9664\u3068\u53f3\u65b9\u7bc0\u524a\u9664\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u79fb\u52d5\u73fe\u8c61\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5cf6\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3068\u8a8d\u53ef\u6761\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7591\u554f\u8a5e\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5cf6\u5236\u7d04\uff08Island Constraints\uff09\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u3084\u8a8d\u53ef\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u5883\u754c\u306f\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5165\u8a66\u306e\u6700\u983b\u51fa\u9805\u76ee\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u5cf6\u3001\u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\u3001\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u7e70\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u9650\u754c\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\uff08Parasitic Gaps\uff09\u3068\u9069\u683c\u6027\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u5224\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304d\u304c\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u306e\u5cf6\uff09\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u306b\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u73fe\u8c61\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u300c\u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\uff08Parasitic Gap: [pg]\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 &#8220;Which document did you file [gap] without reading [pg]?&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001reading \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306f\u672c\u6765\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5cf6\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e file \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u3082\u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u306b\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4e3b\u7bc0\u5074\u306b\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8a8d\u53ef\u306f\u6210\u7acb\u305b\u305a\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u542b\u3080\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u7591\u554f\u8a5e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u305d\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u8a8d\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\uff08Real Gap\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08without -ing, before -ing \u306a\u3069\uff09\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\uff08Parasitic Gap\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u6307\u793a\u3067\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306b\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u306a\u3044\u4e0d\u6b63\u306a\u5cf6\u304b\u3089\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;This is the confidential proposal which the executive board \\(\\text{approved without thoroughly examining}\\).&#8221; \u2192 which \u306f\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e approved \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08real gap\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5 without thoroughly examining \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08parasitic gap\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u4e00\u6b21\u7a7a\u6240\u306b\u652f\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;*Which article did the journalist \\(\\text{read the newspaper before publishing}\\)?&#8221; \u2192 \u7591\u554f\u8a5e which \u306e\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u305b\u305a\uff08read the newspaper \u3067\u6587\u578b\u304c\u5145\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff09\u3001before publishing [gap] \u3068\u3044\u3046\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5cf6\u304b\u3089\u5358\u72ec\u3067\u62bd\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u8a8d\u53ef\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u305a\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The newly drafted safety guidelines which the regulatory agency \\(\\text{distributed without formally ratifying}\\) caused widespread confusion.&#8221; \u2192 distributed [gap] \u3068 without ratifying [pg] \u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u304c\u5341\u5168\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;*The historical manuscript which John filed the official report \\(\\text{after discovering}\\) was preserved in the national archives.&#8221; \u2192 after discovering \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b which \u3092\u7acb\u3066\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0 filed the report \u306b\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u62bd\u51fa\u3067\u3042\u308a\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 which John discovered before filing&#8230; \u306a\u3069\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306b\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u308b\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u7a7a\u6240\u8a8d\u53ef\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u304c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u5c40\u6240\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u79fb\u52d5\u3068\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u7e70\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u306e\u9650\u754c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u5012\u7f6e\uff08SAI\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u6587\u982d\u79fb\u52d5\u300d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f\u6642\u5236\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f be \u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\uff08Head\uff09\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u52d5\u8a5e\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u98db\u3073\u8d8a\u3048\u3066\u6587\u982d\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u5012\u7f6e\u306b\u898b\u305b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e do \u306e\u633f\u5165\u3092\u6b20\u3044\u305f\u4e00\u822c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5358\u7d14\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u7834\u7dbb\u304c\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u79fb\u52d5\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u3001\u5834\u6240\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u88dc\u8a9e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff09\u306e\u7bc4\u7587\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u6587\u982d\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u5012\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u300c\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e + S + \u672c\u52d5\u8a5e\u539f\u5f62\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u524d\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u98db\u3073\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;*Under no circumstances \\(\\text{the security personnel should leave}\\) the entrance of the laboratory unattended.&#8221; \u2192 \u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5 under no circumstances \u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e should \u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 should the security personnel leave \u3068\u5012\u7f6e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;*Seldom \\(\\text{encountered the explorers}\\) such extreme weather conditions during their Antarctic expedition.&#8221; \u2192 \u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e seldom \u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u3067\u4e00\u822c\u52d5\u8a5e past form\uff08encountered\uff09\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u524d\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f did the explorers encounter \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;On the summit of the rugged mountain \\(\\text{stands an ancient stone monument}\\) dedicated to the local deity.&#8221; \u2192 \u5834\u6240\u3092\u8868\u3059\u65b9\u5411\u30fb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u6587\u982d\u914d\u7f6e\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\uff08Full Inversion\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e stand \u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u524d\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;*Hardly the train \\(\\text{had arrived}\\) at the station when the passengers rushed toward the doors.&#8221; \u2192 had the train arrived \u3068\u5012\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u80af\u5b9a\u6587\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u898b\u9003\u3059\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u73fe\u8c61\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u8ac7\u8a71\u6a19\u8b58\u30fb\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5e72\u6e09\u306e\u6392\u9664<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b I think, they believe, it is reported that \u306a\u3069\u306e\u300c\u601d\u8003\u30fb\u4f1d\u9054\u306e\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u300d\u304c\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u683c\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e3b\u683c\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u683c\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u304c\u591a\u767a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u633f\u5165\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u683c\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u633f\u5165\u7684\u7bc0\uff08Comment Clauses\uff09\u4ecb\u5728\u4e0b\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u683c\u9078\u629e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b he thought \u3084 they believed \u306a\u3069\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0b\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u631f\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u300c\u9023\u9396\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u983b\u767a\u3059\u308b\u8aa4\u8b2c\u306f\u3001he thought \u3092\u898b\u3066\u300c\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0b\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u683c whom \u3060\u300d\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u5373\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u5256\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001he thought \u306f\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u7bc0\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff08S\uff09\u304b\u3089\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u4e3b\u683c who \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001whom \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9023\u9396\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u683c\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300cS + V\uff08thought, believed, said \u306a\u3069\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4eee\u60f3\u7684\u306b\u62ec\u5f27\u3067\u62ec\u3063\u3066\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3059\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u7bc0\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u4e3b\u683c\uff08who \/ which\uff09\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u683c whom \u306e\u8aa4\u7528\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The committee finally appointed the young researcher \\(\\text{whom they believed}\\) was best qualified to lead the innovative international project.&#8221; \u2192 they believed \u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304f\u3068\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b was best qualified \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f was \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u308b\u4e3b\u683c\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001whom \u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f who they believed was&#8230; \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;She is the talented architect \\(\\text{who the selection committee unanimously agreed}\\) should be awarded the grand commission for the new museum.&#8221; \u2192 the committee agreed \u3092\u62ec\u5f27\u3067\u62ec\u308b\u3068 should be awarded \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e3b\u683c who \u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The suspect \\(\\text{whom the police claimed to have identified}\\) through surveillance footage turned out to have a solid alibi.&#8221; \u2192 claimed \u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e to have identified \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u683c whom \u306f\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The diplomat introduced a seasoned negotiator \\(\\text{who everyone thought}\\) the foreign ministry would send to the peace conference.&#8221; \u2192 everyone thought \u3092\u9664\u5916\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u7bc0\u306f the foreign ministry (S) would send (V) \u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e send \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u4e3b\u683c who \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u76ee\u7684\u683c whom \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 whom everyone thought&#8230; \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u9023\u9396\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u683c\u9078\u629e\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\uff08as, than, but\uff09\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u3068\u88dc\u90e8\u69cb\u9020<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f which, who, that \u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u306e than \u3084 as\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b but \u304c\u3001\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u8a8d\u53ef\u3057\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u5168\u304f\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u3092\u898b\u305b\u308b\u300c\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\uff08Quasi-relatives\uff09\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 &#8220;There is no rule but has some exceptions.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001but \u306f\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300cthat&#8230;not\u300d\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u683c\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e has \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306b\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e it \u3084 they \u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u6587\u578b\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u5145\u8db3\uff08Pronoun Retention\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306b\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\uff08as many, more, such, no\/nobody \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b as, than, but \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4f59\u5270\u306a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;*The ambitious research project requires more financial resources than \\(\\text{it was originally allocated}\\) by the funding agency.&#8221; \u2192 than \u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e it \u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u91cd\u8907\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 than was originally allocated \u3068\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e it \u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;He offered such constructive suggestions \\(\\text{as were immediately accepted}\\) by all participants at the executive board meeting.&#8221; \u2192 such A as&#8230; \u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001as \u306f\u4e3b\u683c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001were \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;There was no philosopher present at the symposium \\(\\text{but recognized}\\) the profound historical importance of the discovered manuscript.&#8221; \u2192 but \u306f\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u5148\u884c\u8a5e no philosopher \u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u4e3b\u683c\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\uff08who did not recognize\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9069\u683c\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;*The university library has as many academic journals as \\(\\text{are subscribed to them}\\) by leading institutions.&#8221; \u2192 as are subscribed to \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e them \u3092\u6b8b\u5b58\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\uff08gap\uff09\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u308b\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e as \u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b \u2192 them \u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066 as are subscribed to by&#8230; \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8907\u5408\u9023\u7d9a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u91cd\u306a\u308a\u3068\u4f7f\u5f79\u30fb\u77e5\u899a\u306e\u5909\u5bb9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3001\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u5206\u8a5e\u304c\u591a\u91cd\u306b\u9023\u9396\u3059\u308b\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u9023\u9396\u7684\u306b\u4ea4\u932f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8907\u5408\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u5909\u5bb9\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u9023\u9396\u306e\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u9023\u9396\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5404\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306e\u300c\u6700\u5c0f\u8ddd\u96e2\u306e\u539f\u7406\uff08Minimal Distance Principle: MDP\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u76f4\u8fd1\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306b\u5236\u5fa1\uff08control\uff09\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 persuade A to promise B to do \u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001persuade \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e A \u306f promise \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001promise \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e B \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f A \u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a to do \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\uff08promise \u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u5236\u5fa1\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057 tell A to ask B to do \u3067\u306f\u3001ask \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e B \u304c to do \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\uff08\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u5236\u5fa1\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5236\u5fa1\u7279\u6027\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u614b\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3084\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7167\u5fdc\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u898b\u629c\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u9023\u9396\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u9023\u9396\u3059\u308b\u5404\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u5236\u5fa1\u7279\u6027\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u5236\u5fa1\u304b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u5236\u5fa1\u304b\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u6700\u6df1\u90e8\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u3069\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u6700\u6df1\u90e8\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\uff08\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u304b\u5bfe\u8c61\u304b\uff09\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u614b\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The defense attorney persuaded the prosecutor \\(\\text{to promise to dismiss the charges}\\) against the defendant.&#8221; \u2192 persuade \u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u5236\u5fa1\uff08prosecutor \u304c\u7d04\u675f\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001promise \u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u5236\u5fa1\uff08prosecutor \u304c\u544a\u8a34\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u9023\u9396\u304c prosecutor \u306b\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u7d71\u4e00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;*The senior researcher promised the laboratory director \\(\\text{to be allowed to present}\\) the preliminary data at the symposium.&#8221; \u2192 promise \u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e the senior researcher \u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u8a31\u53ef\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5074\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5074\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u53d7\u52d5\u614b to be allowed \u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001allow \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 to allow him to present \u306a\u3069\u306b\u518d\u7de8\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;She advised her colleague to avoid \\(\\text{making critical remarks}\\) during the delicate negotiations.&#8221; \u2192 avoid \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e making \u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f colleague \u3067\u3042\u308a\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The manager asked the technician \\(\\text{to ensure the machines to operate}\\) without interruption.&#8221; \u2192 ensure \u306f\u300cO + to do\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001ensure that the machines operate \u3068\u7bc0\u3092\u53d6\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u306e\u300c\u6a5f\u68b0\u304c\u52d5\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89e3\u91c8\u304b\u3089 to operate \u3092\u8a8d\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u5fa1\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u675f\u7e1b\u9818\u57df\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u3068\u9650\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306e\u675f\u7e1b\u539f\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff08Binding Domain\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff08PRO\uff09\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u753b\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c John \u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001&#8221;John asked Mary to protect herself.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 herself \u306e\u675f\u7e1b\u9818\u57df\u306f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u53e5\u300cMary to protect herself\u300d\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e John \u3092\u6307\u793a\u3057\u3066 himself \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u9006\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u5236\u5fa1\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u675f\u7e1b\u9818\u57df\u306f\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3078\u3068\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u9818\u57df\u5185\u3067\u6027\u30fb\u6570\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308b\u4eba\u7269\u3092\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u6307\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u675f\u7e1b\u539f\u7406\u9055\u53cd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The CEO instructed the newly recruited managers \\(\\text{to introduce themselves}\\) to the international clients.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e to introduce \u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f the managers\uff08\u8907\u6570\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u540c\u4e00\u5c40\u6240\u9818\u57df\u5185\u3067 themselves \u304c managers \u304b\u3089\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u675f\u7e1b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;*The professor asked the research assistant \\(\\text{to prepare a comprehensive summary for himself}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f assistant\uff08\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001himself \u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e the professor \u3092\u6307\u305d\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u675f\u7e1b\u9818\u57df\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u3066\u675f\u7e1b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001himself \u306f\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e for him \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The independent auditor promised the board of directors \\(\\text{to conduct the investigation by himself}\\).&#8221; \u2192 promise \u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u5236\u5fa1\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f the auditor \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001himself \u306e\u675f\u7e1b\u306f\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The patient considered \\(\\text{the operation to have been harmful to himself}\\).&#8221; \u2192 consider A to be&#8230; \u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001A\uff08the operation: \u7121\u751f\u7269\uff09\u304c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066 himself \u306f\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e the patient \u304b\u3089\u675f\u7e1b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u306b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u7167\u5fdc\u304c\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b \u2192 \u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u7167\u5fdc\u675f\u7e1b\u5883\u754c\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16. \u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u30fb\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u9006\u8ee2\u3068\u4f8b\u5916\u898f\u5247<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e not \u3084\u5236\u9650\u8a5e only \u304c\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\uff08\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff09\u306f\u3001\u6587\u306e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u3068\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u73fe\u8c61\u3084\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u8aa4\u8b2c\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff11. \u5426\u5b9a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u6587\uff08not A but B\uff09\u3068\u76f8\u95a2\u63a5\u7d9a\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u4e0d\u6574\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">not A but B\uff08A\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304fB\uff09\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e not \u304c\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u306f\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u53ca\u3076\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082 A \u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u307f\u306b\u53ca\u3076\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u6027\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 &#8220;He did not marry her because of her wealth, but because of her character.&#8221; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e not \u306f\u7406\u7531\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5 because of&#8230; \u306e\u307f\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e marry \u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e not \u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3068\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e but \u306e\u5f8c\u7d9a\u8981\u7d20 B \u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001B \u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\uff08\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5bfe\u79f0\u3092\u306a\u3059\u8981\u7d20 A \u304c not \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001not \u304c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a but \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u307f\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;*The government decided \\(\\text{not to increase taxes because of the deficit, but}\\) to cut public spending.&#8221; \u2192 not \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e to increase \u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001but \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306f to cut \u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u53e5\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u4e26\u884c\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u306a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;*The committee rejected the proposal \\(\\text{not because it was too expensive but its lack}\\) of feasibility.&#8221; \u2192 but \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306f\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5 its lack \u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001not \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306f\u7406\u7531\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0 because it was&#8230; \u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u7bc4\u7587\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u304c\u5d29\u58ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 but because of its lack \u307e\u305f\u306f but because it lacked \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The scientific breakthrough was achieved \\(\\text{not through individual genius but by collaborative effort}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e through \u3068 by \u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;He did not attend the conference \\(\\text{because he was ill}\\), but because he was required to deliver a keynote speech elsewhere.&#8221; \u2192 \u300c\u75c5\u6c17\u3060\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u5e2d\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u7406\u7531\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u300c\u51fa\u5e2d\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff12. \u5206\u88c2\u6587\uff08\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u7bc4\u7587\u3068that\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u6574\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587 It is X that&#8230; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8981\u7d20 X \u304c\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08PP\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3068\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08NP\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3068\u3067\u3001that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5206\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002X \u304c\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070 that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6587\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001X \u304c\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070 that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u631f\u307f\u306a\u304c\u3089 that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u3082\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u6b8b\u5b58\u3055\u305b\u308b\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001It was \u3068 that \u306e\u9593\u306b\u631f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20 X \u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304b\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001that \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001X \u304c\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001X \u304c\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u7bc0\u5185\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;*It was in this prestigious laboratory \\(\\text{that the distinguished scientist conducted the breakthrough experiment there}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u7d20 in this laboratory \u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08\u5834\u6240\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066 that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u4f59\u5270\u306a\u526f\u8a5e there \u304c\u6b8b\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 there \u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;It was the comprehensive analysis of genetic data \\(\\text{that enabled the researchers to identify}\\) the mutation responsible for the rare disease.&#8221; \u2192 \u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3053\u308c\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9069\u683c\u306a\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;It was only after conducting extensive field research \\(\\text{that the anthropologist formulated}\\) his revolutionary theory on kinship structures.&#8221; \u2192 only after&#8230; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0 that \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;It was the ancient Greek manuscript \\(\\text{that the historian spent decades searching for}\\) in European monastic archives.&#8221; \u2192 searching for \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b8b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e for \u304c\u6587\u672b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u932f\u899a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u306a\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u5206\u88c2\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u304c\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u500b\u5225 M05]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u547d\u984c\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u540c\u7fa9\u6027\u3068\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306e\u6392\u9664\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3068\u7bc0\u306e\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9023\u9396\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u683c\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3068\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u8a8d\u53ef\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u7701\u7565\u30fb\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u3068\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5206\u88c2\u6587\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u5145\u8db3\u6027\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7cbe\u9ac4\uff1a\u521d\u898b\u30fb\u8907\u96d1\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6574\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u7d71\u5408<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5165\u8a66\u672c\u756a\u306e\u6975\u9650\u7684\u306a\u6642\u9593\u5236\u7d04\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u521d\u898b\u306e\u9577\u6587\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u969b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u8996\u5ea7\u30fb\u539f\u7406\u30fb\u8003\u7a76\u306e\u8af8\u898f\u5247\u3092\u500b\u5225\u306b\u60f3\u8d77\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u306f\u9593\u306b\u5408\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u306e\u5230\u9054\u76ee\u6a19\u306f\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8d70\u67fb\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3001\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u6295\u5c04\u3001\u5883\u754c\u4ea4\u5dee\u306e\u89e3\u9664\u3001\u7701\u7565\u306e\u5fa9\u5143\u3092\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u51e6\u7406\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u507d\u88c5\u304c\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u305f\u82f1\u6587\u304b\u3089\u3082\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u691c\u51fa\u30fb\u662f\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u904b\u7528\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u7d50\u5b9f\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u5168\u5c64\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u5206\u6790\u6280\u6cd5\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u8a02\u6b63\u554f\u984c\u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u4fee\u6b63\u539f\u7406\u3001\u8d85\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u8d70\u67fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3001\u898f\u7bc4\u6587\u6cd5\u3068\u8a31\u5bb9\u8a9e\u6cd5\u306e\u5883\u754c\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u306e\u5b8c\u6210\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u578b\u8a02\u6b63\u304b\u3089\u96e3\u95a2\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8d85\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u65b9\u5f0f\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u578b\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u521d\u898b\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u8868\u5c64\u8a9e\u9806\u304b\u3089\u4e3b\u8f9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u8d70\u67fb\u529b\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u591a\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3068\u6587\u8108\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u67a0\u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u6cd5\u904b\u7528\u529b\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M30]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u8a18\u8ff0\u578b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u8a02\u6b63\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u518d\u69cb\u6210<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u500b\u5225\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u8aa4\u308a\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u305b\u3088\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u610f\u5473\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7834\u7dbb\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5f62\u614b\u7d20\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u3067\u662f\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u300c\u6700\u5c0f\u4fee\u6b63\u539f\u7406\u300d\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u8a3a\u65ad\u3068\u6700\u5c0f\u4fee\u6b63\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u662f\u6b63<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u8a02\u6b63\u554f\u984c\u306f\u300c\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u5225\u306e\u8a00\u3044\u56de\u3057\u3067\u66f8\u304d\u76f4\u305b\u3070\u3088\u3044\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u63a1\u70b9\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9ad8\u304f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7b54\u6848\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4ed5\u7d44\u3093\u3060\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\uff08\u683c\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3001\u614b\u306e\u8131\u843d\u3001\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\uff09\u3092\u30d4\u30f3\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u306e\u57fa\u5e95\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u305f\u307e\u307e\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u8a9e\u6570\u3067\u9069\u683c\u306a\u5f62\u3078\u5909\u63db\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u6063\u610f\u7684\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u5168\u304f\u5225\u306e\u8a9e\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u4fee\u6b63\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u6b20\u5982\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u3092\u542b\u3080\u7bc0\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u9055\u53cd\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff08\u5f62\u614b\u8ad6\u3001\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\uff09\u3092\u8a3a\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u5236\u7d04\uff08\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\uff09\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u306a\u56fa\u5b9a\u67a0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u56fa\u5b9a\u67a0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6587\u6cd5\u6027\u3092\u56de\u5fa9\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306e\u5909\u5f62\uff08\u5206\u8a5e\u306e\u614b\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u30fb\u524a\u9664\u3001\u683c\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u88dc\u6b63\uff09\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4f59\u5270\u306a\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The geopolitical strategist argued that the regional peace treaty, which negotiated by several international delegates, was insufficient to prevent future military conflicts.&#8221; \u2192 \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u3067 which negotiated \u3068\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6761\u7d04\u306f\u4ea4\u6e09\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5bfe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u4fee\u6b63\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u52d5\u614b was negotiated \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Despite the extensive historical documentation, the exact origin of the ancient religious ritual remains completely unknown \\(\\text{to}\\) modern anthropologists.&#8221; \u2192 unknown \u306f\u300c\u4eba\u306b\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u8108\u3067\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8aa4\u308a\u306a\u3057\uff08\u9069\u683c\uff09\u3068\u8a3a\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The chief executive officer explained the board of directors that the sudden decline in quarterly profits was temporary.&#8221; \u2192 explain \u306f\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u53d6\u308c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u4fee\u6b63\u3068\u3057\u3066 explained to the board of directors that&#8230; \u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3092\u633f\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The university committee has prohibited the students \\(\\text{to distribute unauthorized political flyers}\\) on campus grounds.&#8221; \u2192 prohibit \u306f to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u53d6\u308c\u305a from V-ing \u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u306e\u901a\u3058\u3084\u3059\u3055\u304b\u3089\u898b\u9003\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001forbid \u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3054\u3068\u5909\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u308a\u305b\u305a\u3001from distributing&#8230; \u3078\u6700\u5c0f\u4fee\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u4fee\u6b63\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8a18\u8ff0\u8a02\u6b63\u306e\u904b\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u8907\u6587\u30fb\u91cd\u6587\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u4f53\u3068\u9069\u683c\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u6728\u3078\u306e\u518d\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9577\u5927\u306a\u8907\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u304c\u9023\u9396\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4f59\u5270\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6df7\u5165\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u3068\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\uff08\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6570 \u2212 1 = \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\uff09\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6570\u7406\u7684\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u306e\u6240\u5728\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u672c\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u6642\u5236\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u306e\u7dcf\u6570\u3092\u8a08\u6570\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u7dcf\u6570\u3092\u8a08\u6570\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u300c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6570 \u2212 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u6570 = 1\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a9e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u30011 \u3088\u308a\u591a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u30011 \u672a\u6e80\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u4f59\u5270\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6df7\u5165\u3092\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;Although the experimental methodology had been rigorously tested in multiple independent trials, \\(\\text{but the researchers failed}\\) to replicate the anticipated anomalous reaction.&#8221; \u2192 \u5f93\u5c5e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e Although \u3068\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e but \u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c had been tested \u3068 failed \u306e 2 \u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u52d5\u8a5e 2 \u2212 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e 2 = 0 \u3068\u306a\u308a\u7d71\u8a9e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b \u2192 \u4f59\u5270\u306a but \u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066 Although S V, S V \u306e\u5f62\u306b\u662f\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The distinguished visiting professor who delivered the opening lecture at the international conference, \\(\\text{and}\\) the audience was deeply moved by his profound insights.&#8221; \u2192 \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e who \u3068\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e and \u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u305b\u305a\u3001\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044 \u2192 and \u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3001who \u7bc0\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u304b\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Because the economic indicators deteriorated rapidly, the central bank decided to lower interest rates, hoping to stimulate consumer spending.&#8221; \u2192 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e Because\uff081\u3064\uff09\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e deteriorated \u3068 decided\uff082\u3064\uff09\u3001\u5206\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587 hoping\uff08\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e 2 \u2212 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e 1 = 1 \u304c\u9069\u683c\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The ancient philosopher whose writings on metaphysics influenced generations of medieval scholars, \\(\\text{his name is still celebrated}\\) throughout the intellectual world.&#8221; \u2192 \u5148\u884c\u8a5e The ancient philosopher \u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3001his name is&#8230; \u3068\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6587\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u4e8c\u91cd\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\uff09 \u2192 his name is \u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066 whose writings&#8230; influenced scholars is still celebrated&#8230; \u306a\u3069\u3068\u4e3b\u7bc0\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u96e3\u95a2\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5ba2\u89b3\u578b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8d85\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u8d70\u67fb\u624b\u9806<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u3084\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u306a\u3069\u306e\u96e3\u95a2\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u56db\u7b87\u6240\u304b\u3089\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3082\u306e\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u9078\u3076\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u8aa4\u308a\u306a\u3057\uff08No Error\uff09\u300d\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3055\u305b\u308b\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u9055\u548c\u611f\u306e\u63a2\u7d22\u3092\u6392\u3057\u3001\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7d71\u8a9e\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u512a\u5148\u5ea6\u9806\u306b\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u9069\u7528\u304c\u5408\u5426\u3092\u5206\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u56db\u7b87\u6240\u8d70\u67fb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u512a\u5148\u5ea6\u9806\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u306f\u300c\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u3092\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u9806\u306b\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u9055\u548c\u611f\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7dda\u7684\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4f5c\u554f\u8005\u306f\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u9055\u548c\u611f\u3092\u62b1\u304d\u3084\u3059\u3044\u9069\u683c\u306a\u8868\u73fe\uff08\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u5012\u7f6e\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u6163\u7528\u8868\u73fe\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\uff08\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u9055\u53cd\u3001\u6570\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\u3092\u5e73\u6613\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u8a9e\u53e5\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u96a0\u853d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u304b\u3064\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u5b8c\u7d50\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u983b\u5ea6\u3068\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306b\u57fa\u3044\u305f\u300c\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u8d70\u67fb\uff08\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u547c\u5fdc\u30fb\u6642\u5236 \u2192 \u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u614b\u30fb\u4e3b\u8a9e \u2192 \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u7a7a\u6240 \u2192 \u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u901f\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9806\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u6570\u30fb\u4eba\u79f0\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u6642\u5236\u3001\u614b\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9806\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306b\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u9806\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3084\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u7bc0\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u30fb\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u3068\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306e\u683c\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u9806\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u53ef\u7b97\u30fb\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b97\u304a\u3088\u3073\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u5408\u6027\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The unprecedented scientific discoveries (A)\\(\\text{made by}\\) the international astronomical consortium (B)\\(\\text{has significantly expanded}\\) our understanding of (C)\\(\\text{how dark matter influences}\\) the structural evolution of (D)\\(\\text{distant galaxies}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u7b2c\u4e00\u9806\u4f4d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u8d70\u67fb\u3092\u5b9f\u884c: (B) has expanded \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e discoveries \u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u5358\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e has \u306f\u660e\u767d\u306a\u4e00\u81f4\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8ff7\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f (B) \u3092\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u5373\u65ad\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;Despite (A)\\(\\text{being critically acclaimed}\\) by prominent literary reviewers, the author&#8217;s latest historical novel was (B)\\(\\text{too complex a narrative}\\) for the general public (C)\\(\\text{to appreciate it}\\) without prior knowledge of (D)\\(\\text{medieval history}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9806\u4f4d\u306e\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u8d70\u67fb\u3092\u5b9f\u884c: (C) to appreciate it \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e the novel \u304c\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b Tough \u69cb\u6587\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4f59\u5270\u306a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e it \u306e\u6b8b\u5b58\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 (C) \u304c\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The defense minister (A)\\(\\text{insisted that}\\) the intelligence agency (B)\\(\\text{conducts}\\) a thorough investigation into the security breach, (C)\\(\\text{regardless of}\\) the potential diplomatic consequences (D)\\(\\text{involved}\\).&#8221; \u2192 \u7b2c\u4e00\u9806\u4f4d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u8d70\u67fb\u3092\u5b9f\u884c: insist that \u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u7bc0\u5185\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u539f\u5f62 conduct \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u76f4\u8aac\u6cd5 (B) conducts \u306f\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;Hardly (A)\\(\\text{had the negotiations}\\) resumed (B)\\(\\text{than}\\) the opposing delegation raised (C)\\(\\text{unacceptable demands}\\), causing the conference to collapse (D)\\(\\text{entirely}\\).&#8221; \u2192 (A) had the negotiations \u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u306f\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001Hardly \u306b\u547c\u5fdc\u3059\u3079\u304d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306f when \u307e\u305f\u306f before \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001than \u306f No sooner \u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 (A) \u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u3066 (B) \u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u898b\u9003\u3059\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306a\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u8d70\u67fb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u304c\u6975\u9650\u307e\u3067\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u6587\u8108\u7684\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u306b\u507d\u88c5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u9055\u53cd\u306e\u691c\u51fa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u6700\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7b4b\u304c\u901a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306b\u8a33\u3057\u3066\u3082\u4f55\u3089\u7834\u7dbb\u304c\u898b\u5f53\u305f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u6975\u3081\u3066\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\uff08\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u53ef\u5426\uff09\u306e\u9055\u53cd\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u610f\u5473\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u306b\u983c\u3063\u305f\u8aad\u89e3\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u8a9e\u6cd5\u9055\u53cd\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306b\u983c\u3089\u305a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\uff08NP, PP, that-clause, to-inf\uff09\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u60f3\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u54c1\u8a5e\u30fb\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 tell \u3068 explain\u3001reach \u3068 arrive at\u3001marry \u3068 marry to\uff09\u3068\u306e\u4ea4\u5dee\u5e72\u6e09\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The experienced flight instructor (A)\\(\\text{approached to}\\) the nervous student and (B)\\(\\text{explained the complex navigational procedure}\\) (C)\\(\\text{step by step}\\) before the aircraft (D)\\(\\text{took off}\\).&#8221; \u2192 approach \u306f\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3092\u4f34\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044 \u2192 \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u301c\u3078\u8fd1\u3065\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a33\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001(A) approached \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The local health authorities (A)\\(\\text{warned the residents of}\\) the contaminated water supply and strongly (B)\\(\\text{suggested them to boil}\\) all drinking water (C)\\(\\text{until further notice}\\) was (D)\\(\\text{officially issued}\\).&#8221; \u2192 suggest \u306f\u300c\u4eba + to do\u300d\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001suggested that they (should) boil \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 (B) \u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The university administration (A)\\(\\text{provided the researchers with}\\) state-of-the-art computational facilities to (B)\\(\\text{facilitate the completion of}\\) the interdisciplinary project (C)\\(\\text{ahead of}\\) the scheduled (D)\\(\\text{deadline}\\).&#8221; \u2192 provide A with B \u304a\u3088\u3073 facilitate \u306e\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u304c\u5341\u5168\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\uff08No Error\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The human rights committee (A)\\(\\text{demanded of the government}\\) (B)\\(\\text{that it immediately release}\\) the political dissidents who (C)\\(\\text{had been detained}\\) without (D)\\(\\text{due legal process}\\).&#8221; \u2192 demand of \u4eba that \u7bc0 \u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30eb\u3067\u9069\u683c\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 of the government \u3092\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066 (A) \u3092\u9078\u3076\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u7279\u6b8a\u8a9e\u6cd5\u30fb\u7834\u683c\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u898f\u7bc4\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u5883\u754c\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5b66\u8853\u6587\u732e\u3084\u5165\u8a66\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u4f1a\u8a71\u3067\u306e\u5bb9\u8a8d\u8868\u73fe\uff08Descriptive Grammar\uff09\u3068\u3001\u5165\u8a66\u3067\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u898f\u7bc4\u6587\u6cd5\uff08Prescriptive Grammar\uff09\u306e\u5883\u754c\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u898f\u7bc4\u6587\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8aa4\u8b2c\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u7701\u7565\u69cb\u6587\u30fb\u6163\u7528\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u9069\u683c\u6027\u306e\u9650\u754c\u7dda<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6163\u7528\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u69cb\u6587\uff08if any, if ever, as it were, so to speak \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u7bc0\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6163\u7528\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u5fae\u5999\u306b\u5909\u5f62\u3055\u305b\u305f\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u7834\u683c\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u300c\u719f\u8a9e\u306e\u30d0\u30ea\u30a8\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3060\u308d\u3046\u300d\u3068\u7518\u53d7\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u5fc3\u7406\u304c\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6163\u7528\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u7701\u7565\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u6163\u7528\u53e5\u30fb\u7e2e\u7d04\u7bc0\u306e\u5b9a\u578b\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u679c\u305f\u3059\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\uff08\u526f\u8a5e\u7684\u4ed8\u52a0\u90e8\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u4fee\u98fe\uff09\u304c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u983b\u5ea6\u3092\u8868\u3059 if ever \u3068\u6570\u91cf\u3092\u8868\u3059 if any \u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3084\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u6163\u7528\u53e5\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u8131\u843d\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The theoretical physicist \\(\\text{rarely if ever attends}\\) international academic symposia due to his intensive focus on ongoing laboratory research.&#8221; \u2192 rarely if ever\uff08\u3081\u3063\u305f\u306b\u301c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u526f\u8a5e\u7684\u6163\u7528\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;*There are few, \\(\\text{if ever, empirical studies}\\) that support the controversial hypothesis proposed by the young economist.&#8221; \u2192 \u6570\u3092\u8868\u3059 few \u306b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7e2e\u7d04\u8868\u73fe\u306f if any\uff08\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u983b\u5ea6\u3092\u8868\u3059 if ever \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u8aa4\u8b2c\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 few, if any, empirical studies \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The ancient dialect has, \\(\\text{as it were, become}\\) an extinct linguistic artifact surviving only in scattered liturgical texts.&#8221; \u2192 as it were\uff08\u3044\u308f\u3070\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u633f\u5165\u53e5\u304c\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u5185\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;*The research committee reached \\(\\text{at the final conclusion}\\) after examining all relevant geological samples.&#8221; \u2192 reach \u306f\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u6587\u8108\u3067\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e at \u306f\u4e0d\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 arrive at \u3068\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001reached the final conclusion \u3068\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6163\u7528\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u5883\u754c\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u8fd1\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5909\u5bb9\u3068\u73fe\u4ee3\u898f\u7bc4\u6587\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8aa4\u8b2c\u306e\u5cfb\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53e3\u8a9e\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u5e83\u304f\u6d78\u900f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8868\u73fe\uff08Between you and I\u3001Everyone brought their bag\u3001The reason is because&#8230;\uff09\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u8aa4\u8b2c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e56\u96e2\u3092\u81ea\u899a\u3057\u3001\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u898f\u7bc4\u6587\u6cd5\u9055\u53cd\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u4e3b\u683c\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\uff08\u683c\u306e\u7167\u5408\uff09\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001each, everyone, everybody \u306a\u3069\u306e\u5358\u6570\u6271\u3044\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3079\u304d\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8907\u6570\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e they \u3084\u8907\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5b89\u6613\u306b\u547c\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001The reason is that&#8230; \u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 because \u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\uff08\u88dc\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u8981\u6c42\uff09\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;*Between you and \\(\\text{I}\\), the financial stability of the start-up company is much more precarious than the public announcements indicate.&#8221; \u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e between \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8981\u7d20\u3082\u76ee\u7684\u683c me \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044 \u2192 Between you and me \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;*The primary reason for the sudden collapse of the medieval dynasty was \\(\\text{because the imperial succession}\\) lacked political legitimacy.&#8221; \u2192 The reason is&#8230; \u306e\u88dc\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e that \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 because \u7bc0\u306f\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081 be \u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308c\u306a\u3044 \u2192 was that the imperial succession lacked&#8230; \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;Every registered participant in the academic conference \\(\\text{was provided with}\\) a printed copy of the proceeding abstracts.&#8221; \u2192 Every \u306b\u4fee\u98fe\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5358\u6570\u4e3b\u8a9e participant \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5358\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e was \u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u547c\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;*Each of the finalists must submit \\(\\text{their completed portfolio}\\) to the evaluation committee by noon.&#8221; \u2192 \u5165\u8a66\u306e\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u898f\u7bc4\u6587\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001Each of the + \u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e \u306f\u5358\u6570\u6271\u3044\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f his or her\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6587\u8108\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5358\u6570\u6240\u6709\u683c\uff09\u3067\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b \u2192 \u53e3\u8a9e\u306e their \u3092\u5bb9\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u898b\u9003\u3059\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u898f\u7bc4\u6587\u6cd5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u8aa4\u8b2c\u691c\u51fa\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u6574\u5408\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u904b\u7528\u3068\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u691c\u8a3c\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a66\u9a13\u7d42\u4e86\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6642\u9593\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u89e3\u7b54\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7121\u8b2c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u691c\u8a3c\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u300d\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u30b1\u30a2\u30ec\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5931\u70b9\u3092\u539f\u7406\u7684\u306b\u9632\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u5236\u9650\u6642\u9593\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u8f9e\u99c6\u52d5\u578b\u7d71\u8a9e\u8d70\u67fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u7b54\u3092\u898b\u76f4\u3059\u969b\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u6f2b\u7136\u3068\u518d\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u691c\u8a3c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7121\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u8f9e\uff08Head\uff09\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e\u304c\u8981\u8acb\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u90e8\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u307f\u3092\u76ee\u7dda\u3067\u30db\u30c3\u30d7\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u300c\u4e3b\u8f9e\u99c6\u52d5\u578b\u8d70\u67fb\uff08Head-Driven Scanning\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u691c\u8a3c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u306e\u6570\u30fb\u6642\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u9006\u5f15\u304d\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3001\u7bc0\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e09\u70b9\u8d70\u67fb\u3092\u5404\u6587\u306b\u3064\u304d\u6570\u79d2\u3067\u5b8c\u7d50\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;The collection of rare manuscripts \\(\\text{was stolen}\\) from the library.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u8f9e\u52d5\u8a5e was stolen\uff08\u5358\u6570\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\uff09\u2192 \u4e3b\u8f9e\u540d\u8a5e collection\uff08\u5358\u6570\uff09\u2192 \u4e00\u81f4\u78ba\u8a8d\u5b8c\u4e86 \u2192 \u9069\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;*The professor explained us how the complex theoretical model functions.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u8f9e\u52d5\u8a5e explained \u2192 \u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u9593\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e us\uff08NP\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b \u2192 explain \u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u9055\u53cd\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u7279\u5b9a \u2192 explained to us \u306b\u4fee\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;The hypothesis that the team developed was verified.&#8221; \u2192 developed\uff08\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u7a7a\u6240\uff09\u2192 was verified\uff08\u4e3b\u7bc0\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u2192 hypothesis\uff08\u4e3b\u7bc0\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff09\u2192 \u69cb\u9020\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;*Not only the students but also the supervising professor \\(\\text{were astonished}\\) by the experimental results.&#8221; \u2192 \u76f8\u95a2\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e not only A but also B \u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u76f4\u8fd1\u306e B\uff08the supervising professor: \u5358\u6570\uff09\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u4e3b\u8f9e\u8d70\u67fb\u306b\u3088\u308a was astonished \u3078\u306e\u8a02\u6b63\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\u99c6\u52d5\u578b\u8d70\u67fb\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u6027\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u8aa4\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u6839\u56e0\u5206\u6790\u3068\u521d\u898b\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5224\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u521d\u898b\u306e\u96e3\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u4e0b\u3057\u305f\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u304b\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u6700\u7d42\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u300c\u306a\u305c\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\uff08\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u3001\u683c\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3001\u675f\u7e1b\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u5cf6\u5236\u7d04\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u30661\u6587\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u611f\u899a\u7684\u306a\u9055\u548c\u611f\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u306f\u4fdd\u7559\u3057\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u62e0\u304c\u8a00\u8a9e\u5316\u3067\u304d\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u8aa4\u308a\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3069\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\uff08\u9805\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u3001\u6570\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u306a\u3044\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u547d\u540d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9055\u53cd\u3092\u89e3\u6d88\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4fee\u6b63\u5f62\u304c\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u6d6e\u304b\u3076\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u547d\u540d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u5f62\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306e\u307f\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6 100% \u3068\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: &#8220;He discuss about the issue.&#8221; \u2192 \u5224\u5b9a: \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e discuss \u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\uff08\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u4e0d\u8981\uff09\u2192 \u4fee\u6b63: discuss the issue \u2192 \u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: &#8220;The students who he thought was honest.&#8221; \u2192 \u5224\u5b9a: \u9023\u9396\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u683c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304b\u3089\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u9055\u53cd\uff08was \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff09\u2192 \u4fee\u6b63: who he thought were \/ was \u306e\u6570\u4e00\u81f4 \u2192 \u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: &#8220;It is easy for him to solve it.&#8221; \u2192 \u5224\u5b9a: Tough \u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u5145\u8db3\u9055\u53cd \u2192 \u4fee\u6b63: solve [gap] \u2192 \u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: &#8220;The criteria was clearly established.&#8221; \u2192 \u8868\u5c64\u306e\u5358\u6570\u5f62\u306b\u9a19\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u304c\u3001criteria \u306f criterion \u306e\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b \u2192 \u5224\u5b9a: \u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u9055\u53cd \u2192 \u4fee\u6b63: criteria were \u2192 \u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u521d\u898b\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6574\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u500b\u5225 M11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u548c\u8a33\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u69cb\u6587\u78ba\u5b9a\u3068\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u30fb\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u500b\u5225 M14]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u540c\u610f\u6587\u5b8c\u6210\u30fb\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6587\u578b\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\u99c6\u52d5\u578b\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u89e3\u6790\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u300c\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u554f\u984c\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6574\u5408\u5224\u5b9a\u300d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u5165\u8a66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5408\u5426\u3092\u5206\u3051\u308b\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u611f\u899a\u7684\u306a\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\u3084\u6587\u8108\u306e\u63a8\u6e2c\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u305b\u305a\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306e\u8af8\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u8aa4\u8b2c\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u30fb\u662f\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u548c\u8a33\u30fb\u8a18\u8ff0\u8a02\u6b63\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u9078\u629e\u30fb\u8d85\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\uff08\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff09\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u3001\u683c\u306e\u8a8d\u53ef\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u3068\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8981\u7d20\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u5e30\u7740\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5404\u5c64\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u300c\u8996\u5ea7\u300d\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u77ed\u6587\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3084\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\u3092\u5148\u884c\u3055\u305b\u308b\u60aa\u7fd2\u3092\u65ad\u3061\u5207\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e\u8d70\u67fb\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u614b\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u7279\u5b9a\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3059\u308b\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5fa9\u5143\u306a\u3069\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3054\u3068\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u8d70\u67fb\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7d9a\u304f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u300c\u539f\u7406\u300d\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8d70\u67fb\u624b\u9806\u304c\u306a\u305c\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u80cc\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3078\u6295\u5c04\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3001\u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u6a19\u8b58 to \u306e\u5fa9\u5143\u898f\u5247\u3001Tough \u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u79fb\u52d5\u5236\u7d04\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u6570\u91cf\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u547c\u5fdc\u3001\u518d\u5e30\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u5f8b\u3059\u308b\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\u539f\u7406\u3001\u8907\u5408\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5236\u7d04\u3084\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u79fb\u52d5\u306e\u5cf6\u5236\u7d04\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u9805\u76ee\u306e c-\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u8a8d\u53ef\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u539f\u7406\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u5b9a\u7740\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u300c\u8003\u7a76\u300d\u5c64\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u7cbe\u9ac4\u300d\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u5b9f\u6226\u7684\u6587\u8108\u3078\u3068\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u9069\u7528\u30fb\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8003\u7a76\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9577\u5927\u306a\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u304c\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5883\u754c\u4ea4\u5dee\u69cb\u6587\u3001\u53f3\u65b9\u7bc0\u524a\u9664\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u5171\u901a\u69cb\u6587\u3001\u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u8a8d\u53ef\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u9023\u9396\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u683c\u9078\u629e\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5236\u5fa1\u9023\u9396\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u306a\u3069\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u898f\u5247\u304c\u885d\u7a81\u3059\u308b\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3092\u591a\u9762\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u5256\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6700\u7d42\u306e\u7cbe\u9ac4\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u8a02\u6b63\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u6700\u5c0f\u4fee\u6b63\u539f\u7406\u3068\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3001\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u306e\u56db\u7b87\u6240\u8d70\u67fb\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u5236\u9650\u6642\u9593\u5185\u306b\u4ed5\u7559\u3081\u308b\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3001\u898f\u7bc4\u6587\u6cd5\u3068\u53e3\u8a9e\u5bb9\u8a8d\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6700\u7d42\u898b\u76f4\u3057\u3092\u6570\u79d2\u3067\u5b8c\u7d50\u3055\u305b\u308b\u4e3b\u8f9e\u99c6\u52d5\u578b\u8d70\u67fb\u6cd5\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u4f53\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6574\u5408\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u6280\u8853\u306f\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u898b\u5931\u308f\u306a\u3044\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u7f85\u91dd\u76e4\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u554f\u984c\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u5b8c\u7b54\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u56fa\u305f\u308b\u5b9f\u6226\u529b\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b9f\u8df5\u77e5\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51fa\u984c\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51fa\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3068\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u6b63\u8aa4\u6307\u6458\u554f\u984c\uff084\u7b87\u6240\u8d70\u67fb\u578b\u30fbNo Error\u9078\u629e\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff09\u3001\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u554f\u984c\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u8a18\u8ff0\u8a02\u6b63\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\uff1a\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u767a\u5c55 \u301c \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u96e3\u95a2\u4e0a\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5206\u91cf\uff1a\u5927\u554f4\u984c\u30fb\u5c0f\u554f\u8a0816\u554f\u30fb\u60f3\u5b9a\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u959335\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a9e\u5f59\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff1a\u5b66\u8853\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u8ad6\u8aac\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u3059\u308b CEFR B2\u301cC1 \u6c34\u6e96\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u3084\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u3092\u591a\u6570\u5305\u542b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u69cb\u6587\u8907\u96d1\u5ea6\uff1a\u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u7bc0\u3001\u9577\u5927\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u5012\u7f6e\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u9023\u9396\u7bc0\u3092\u542b\u307f\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5e73\u574715\u8a9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\uff1a\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8108\u7406\u89e3\u306e\u307f\u3067\u306f\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u5de7\u5999\u306a\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u9055\u53cd\u3084\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u4ee3\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u5168\u554f\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u983b\u51fa\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u9577\u5927\u4ecb\u5728\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u631f\u3080\u4e3b\u8f9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u7834\u7dbb<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9593\u306b\u540c\u683c\u7bc0\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u4ecb\u5728\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u6570\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u8b2c\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3002\u4e3b\u8f9e\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u8a66\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u7279\u6027\u306e\u9038\u8131<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u52a9\u8a5e\u300c\u301c\u306b\u300d\u300c\u301c\u3092\u300d\u3068\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u9078\u629e\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u7a81\u304f\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3002explain \u3084 suggest \u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u4e0d\u53ef\u3001prohibit \u306e\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u4e0d\u53ef\u3001aware \u306e that \u7bc0\u524d\u3067\u306e of \u8131\u843d\u306a\u3069\u304c\u5178\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u9023\u9396\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u683c\u3068\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408<\/strong>\uff1athey believed \u306a\u3069\u306e\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u304c\u631f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3067\u306e\u4e3b\u683c who \u3068\u76ee\u7684\u683c whom \u306e\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u3084\u3001than \/ as \u304c\u5c0e\u304f\u7bc0\u5185\u3067\u306e\u4f59\u5270\u306a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u6b8b\u5b58\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5dee\u304c\u3064\u304f\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u982d\u304b\u3089\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306b\u8a33\u3057\u3066\u9055\u548c\u611f\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u53d7\u691c\u751f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6587\u578b\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3092\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u5f97\u70b9\u5dee\u3092\u751f\u3080\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3084\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u304b\u3089\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u57fa\u5e95\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u7a7a\u6240 gap\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u5145\u8db3\u3084\u6b20\u843d\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u898b\u629c\u3051\u308b\u304b\u304c\u6b63\u7b54\u7387\u3092\u5de6\u53f3\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4f7f\u5f79\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u77e5\u899a\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3001Tough \u69cb\u6587\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u6587\u982d\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5012\u7f6e\u306a\u3069\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306b\u767a\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u9806\u5909\u5316\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6f14\u7fd2\u554f\u984c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u554f\u984c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a66\u9a13\u6642\u9593\uff1a35\u5206 \/ \u6e80\u70b9\uff1a100\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff11\u554f\uff0825\u70b9\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u5404\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (A)\u301c(D) \u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3082\u306e\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u9078\u3073\u3001\u8a18\u53f7\u3067\u7b54\u3048\u3088\u3002\u8aa4\u308a\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f (E) No Error \u3092\u9078\u3079\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The international archaeological committee (A)\\(\\text{suggested the minister that}\\) the newly excavated prehistoric settlement, (B)\\(\\text{whose distinctive architectural features}\\) had generated considerable controversy among historians, (C)\\(\\text{be designated as}\\) a national heritage site to prevent it (D)\\(\\text{from being deteriorated}\\) by commercial tourism. (E) No Error<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff12\u554f\uff0825\u70b9\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u5404\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (A)\u301c(D) \u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3082\u306e\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u9078\u3073\u3001\u8a18\u53f7\u3067\u7b54\u3048\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) The comprehensive climate change assessment report (A)\\(\\text{released yesterday by}\\) the intergovernmental panel (B)\\(\\text{reveals that}\\) the frequency of severe drought conditions (C)\\(\\text{have increased}\\) drastically across the continent over the past three decades, (D)\\(\\text{threatening agricultural yields}\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) It was the uncompromising ethical conviction of the investigative journalists (A)\\(\\text{which}\\) the systemic financial corruption within the multinational banking corporation (B)\\(\\text{was brought to light}\\), ultimately (C)\\(\\text{leading to the resignation}\\) of several (D)\\(\\text{high-ranking executives}\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff13\u554f\uff0825\u70b9\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (A)\u301c(D) \u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u542b\u3080\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3092\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u7c21\u6f54\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u4fee\u6b63\u3067\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u8a02\u6b63\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the intensive panel debate, the visiting legal scholar argued that the newly proposed surveillance bill was the very controversial legislation (A)\\(\\text{whom the constitutional court}\\) (B)\\(\\text{everyone thought}\\) (C)\\(\\text{would declare}\\) (D)\\(\\text{incompatible with}\\) the fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff14\u554f\uff0825\u70b9\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u7a7a\u6240 ( 1 ) \u301c ( 3 ) \u306b\u5165\u308b\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u8a9e\u53e5\u3092\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u4e0b\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u3064\u305a\u3064\u9078\u3079\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (4) \u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u542b\u3080\u8a9e\u3092\u4e00\u8a9e\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u5f62\u306b\u6539\u3081\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The prominent philosopher maintained that modern industrial societies require far more natural resources than ( 1 ) to sustain their current living standards. Under no circumstances, he argued, ( 2 ) consider the exploitation of the environment as a negligible cost. He was strictly ( 3 ) the historical precedent that uncontrolled technological expansion inevitably brings about ecological catastrophe. Furthermore, he emphasized that the ethical responsibility of corporate leaders is not only to generate economic profits (4) \\(\\text{but protecting}\\) the biosphere for future generations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a7a\u6240 ( 1 ) \u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(A) they are consumed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B) is currently being consumed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(C) are currently consumed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(D) it consumes them<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a7a\u6240 ( 2 ) \u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(A) we should<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B) should we<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(C) that we should<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(D) we do<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a7a\u6240 ( 3 ) \u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(A) conscious of<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B) conscious that<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(C) capable of<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(D) capable to<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff11\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3\uff1a\u60c5\u5831\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e suggest \u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u4e0d\u53ef\uff09\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u3092\u8868\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6240\u6709\u683c\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u52d5\u8a5e prevent \u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\uff1a\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606 \u767a\u5c55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593\uff1a7\u5206\uff08\u521d\u52d5\u8d70\u67fb2\u5206\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u67903\u5206\u3001\u691c\u8a3c2\u5206\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4e8c\u6b21\u8a66\u9a13\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u65e9\u6176\u4e0a\u667a\uff09\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3067\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3001\u4e3b\u6587\u304c\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u91cd\u5c64\u5316\u3057\u305f\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff11\uff1a\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (A) \u306f\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e suggested \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u540d\u8a5e the minister \u304a\u3088\u3073 that \u7bc0\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (B) \u306f\u6240\u6709\u683c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e whose + \u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (C) \u306f\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e be designated as\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (D) \u306f prevent A from V-ing \u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7b87\u6240\uff1a(A) \u306e\u52d5\u8a5e suggest \u306e\u9805\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u53d6\u308c\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff12\uff1a\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef81\uff1asuggest \u306f SVOO\uff08\u4eba + that\u7bc0\uff09\u3092\u53d6\u308c\u308b\u304b\uff1f \u2192 \u5426\u3002suggest \u306f suggest to \u4eba that \u7bc0 \u307e\u305f\u306f suggest that \u7bc0 to \u4eba \u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\uff1a15\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef82\uff1athat \u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e (C) be \u306f\u9069\u683c\u304b\uff1f \u2192 \u4e3b\u7bc0\u304c\u63d0\u6848\u3092\u8868\u3059 suggest \u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001that \u7bc0\u5185\u306f\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e should \u306e\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u539f\u5f62 be designated \u3067\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\uff1a20\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef83\uff1a(D) from being deteriorated \u306f\u9069\u683c\u304b\uff1f \u2192 prevent + O + from V-ing \u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9069\u683c\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\uff1a15\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">suggest \u306f tell \u3084 inform \u3068\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066 suggested the minister that&#8230; \u306f\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u9055\u53cd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff13\uff1a\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (A) \u3092 suggested to the minister that \u3068\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8aa4\u308a\u7b87\u6240\u306f (A) \u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(A)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0\uff1a\u52d5\u8a5e suggest \u306f\u4f1d\u9054\u5bfe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08PP\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001that \u7bc0\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u5f8c\u7f6e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002suggested the minister that \u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B) whose \u306f\u5148\u884c\u8a5e settlement \u306e\u6240\u6709\u683c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e features \u3092\u9069\u683c\u306b\u4fee\u98fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(C) be designated \u306f\u63d0\u6848\u52d5\u8a5e suggest \u306e\u88dc\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4eee\u5b9a\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\uff08\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(D) from being deteriorated \u306f prevent A from -ing \u306e\u5b9a\u578b\u53e5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08explain, suggest, describe, propose, say\uff09\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u300c\u4eba\uff0bthat\u7bc0\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u4eba\uff0bto do\u300d\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c\uff1a\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u90e8\u3001\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\uff08Ditransitive: [NP [VP V NP NP]]\uff09\u3092\u8a8d\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff08tell, inform, remind \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u3001\u547d\u984c\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u3001\u5bfe\u8c61\u683c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u53d7\u4fe1\u8005\u3092\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u88dc\u90e8\uff08PP\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u307f\u8a8d\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff08explain, suggest, announce \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u6301\u3064\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u69cb\u9020\uff08LCS\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u53d7\u4fe1\u8005\u304c\u7740\u70b9\uff08Goal\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e to \u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u8005\uff08Experiencer\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5bfe\u683c\uff08Accusative\uff09\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u6295\u5c04\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u5927\u81e3\u306b\u63d0\u6848\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52a9\u8a5e\u300c\u306b\u300d\u306e\u76f4\u611f\u306b\u983c\u308b\u3068\u3053\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u67a0\u3092\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u60f3\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M30]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u591a\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3068\u6587\u8108\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4f1d\u9054\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u67a0\u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6587\u578b\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001SVOO\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3092\u4ecb\u3059\u308bSVO\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff12\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3\uff1a(1) \u4e3b\u8f9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9577\u5927\u4ecb\u5728\u4e0b\u306e\u6570\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3001(2) \u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\uff08\u5206\u88c2\u6587\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u7bc4\u7587\u3068 that \u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\u5145\u8db3\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\uff1a\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606 \u767a\u5c55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593\uff1a8\u5206\uff08\u5404\u554f4\u5206\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) \u306e\u8d70\u67fb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff11\uff1a\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f The comprehensive climate change assessment report\uff08\u5358\u6570\uff09\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001that \u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002that \u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f the frequency\uff08\u5358\u6570\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001of severe drought conditions \u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u4fee\u98fe\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff12\uff1athat \u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f (C) have increased \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u8f9e frequency\uff08\u5358\u6570\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u8907\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e have \u304c\u547c\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e conditions\uff08\u8907\u6570\uff09\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6570\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u9055\u53cd\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff13\uff1a\u6b63\u89e3\u306f (C)\u3002\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f has increased\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) \u306e\u8d70\u67fb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff11\uff1aIt was&#8230; \u3067\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3001\u631f\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u306f the uncompromising ethical conviction\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff12\uff1a\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b (A) which \u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u7bc0\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001the systemic financial corruption (S) was brought to light (V:\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u5b8c\u5168\u6587) \u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\uff08gap\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff13\uff1a\u3082\u3057 conviction \u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u300c\u8abf\u67fb\u5831\u9053\u8a18\u8005\u306e\u59a5\u5354\u306a\u304d\u502b\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8150\u6557\u304c\u767d\u65e5\u306e\u4e0b\u306b\u6652\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u624b\u6bb5\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002It was through the uncompromising ethical conviction&#8230; that&#8230; \u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f that \u3092\u7528\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306b\u305b\u3088\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u3068\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which \u306f\u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u975e\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6b63\u89e3\u306f (A)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) (C)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) (A)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) \u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0\uff1athat \u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u5358\u6570\u540d\u8a5e frequency \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4fee\u98fe\u53e5 of severe drought conditions \u5185\u306e\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e conditions \u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u4e00\u81f4\u3055\u305b\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5358\u6570\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u8907\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e have increased \u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) \u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0\uff1a\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587 It is X that&#8230; \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u7bc0\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u7d20 X \u306f\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08through \/ by the conviction\uff09\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u307e\u305f\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306b which \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002that \u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u7a7a\u6240\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which \u306f\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u9577\u5927\u306a\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u4fc2\u5c5e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u82f1\u6587\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073 It is&#8230; that&#8230; \u306e\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u54c1\u8a5e\u3068\u5f8c\u7d9a\u7bc0\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u82f1\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c\uff1a\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7b2c5\u554f\u3001\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5206\u88c2\u6587\uff08Cleft Sentence\uff09\u306f\u3001\u57fa\u5e95\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6587 [IP S V O PP] \u304b\u3089\u3001\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u7d20\uff08XP\uff09\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306e\u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587 [It is XP [CP that &#8230; ]] \u3078\u7e70\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001It is \u3068 that \u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306b\u3001XP \u304c that \u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u6b20\u843d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u53ce\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u7bc0\u304c\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002XP \u304c\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08NP\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070 that \u7bc0\u5185\u306b\u306f\u9805\u306e\u6b20\u843d\uff08[gap]\uff09\u304c\u7fa9\u52d9\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3001XP \u304c\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08PP\uff09\u3084\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070 that \u7bc0\u5185\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002(2) \u3067\u306f\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u307f\u3092\u631f\u307f\u306a\u304c\u3089\u7bc0\u5185\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u57fa\u5e95\u6587\u3078\u306e\u5fa9\u5143\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6587\u578b\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u547c\u5fdc\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u7701\u7565\u30fb\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u3068\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5206\u88c2\u6587\uff08\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\uff09\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u8981\u4ef6\u3068\u7a7a\u6240\u7279\u5b9a\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff13\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3\uff1a\u9023\u9396\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u4ecb\u5728\u578b\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u683c\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u683c\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u8a18\u8ff0\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3068\u6700\u5c0f\u4fee\u6b63\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\uff1a\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u96e3\u95a2\u4e0a\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593\uff1a10\u5206\uff08\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u4f533\u5206\u3001\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4f5c\u62105\u5206\u3001\u8a02\u6b63\u78ba\u8a8d2\u5206\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u3084\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u306a\u3069\u306e\u96e3\u95a2\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3001\u7406\u7531\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u8a02\u6b63\u305b\u3088\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u5206\u6790\u8a18\u8ff0\u8a2d\u554f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff11\uff1a\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (A) \u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e whom\u3001(B) \u306f\u633f\u5165\u7bc0 everyone thought\u3001(C) \u306f\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e would declare\u3001(D) \u306f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u53e5 incompatible with \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff12\uff1a\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306f the very controversial legislation\uff08\u6cd5\u6848: \u4e8b\u7269\uff09\u3002\u307e\u305a\u4e8b\u7269\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e whom \u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u7834\u7dbb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3055\u3089\u306b\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\uff1aeveryone thought \u3092\u62ec\u5f27\u3067\u62ec\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u7bc0\u306f [gap] would declare the bill incompatible with&#8230; \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001declare A incompatible with B \u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 the constitutional court (S) would declare [gap] incompatible with&#8230; \u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001the constitutional court \u306f everyone thought \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e would declare \u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u300c\u61b2\u6cd5\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u304c\u9055\u61b2\u3068\u5ba3\u8a00\u3059\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3068\u8ab0\u3082\u304c\u8003\u3048\u305f\u6cd5\u6848\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001declare \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\uff08Theme\uff09\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\uff08gap\uff09\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u5148\u884c\u8a5e legislation \u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e8b\u7269\u306e\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u304b\u3064\u76ee\u7684\u683c\u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u308b\u3079\u304d\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306f which \u307e\u305f\u306f that \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (A) \u306f\u4eba\u79f0\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u683c whom \u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff13\uff1a\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6307\u6458\u7b87\u6240\uff1a(A)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7406\u7531\u8aac\u660e\uff1a\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u4e8b\u7269\uff08legislation\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u4eba\u79f0\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e whom \u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001everyone thought \u306f\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b would declare \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e8b\u7269\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which \u307e\u305f\u306f that \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a02\u6b63\uff1a(A) whom the constitutional court \u2192 which the constitutional court\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f that the constitutional court\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u308a\u7b87\u6240\uff1a(A)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u5148\u884c\u8a5e the very controversial legislation \u306f\u4e8b\u7269\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u4eba\u79f0\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e whom \u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002everyone thought \u3068\u3044\u3046\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u3092\u9664\u5916\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u7bc0\u5185\u3067\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e would declare \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e8b\u7269\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u683c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e which\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f that\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a02\u6b63\uff1awhich the constitutional court\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f that the constitutional court\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0\uff1a\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306e\u7d20\u6027\uff08[+Human] \u304b [-Human] \u304b\uff09\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7a7a\u6240\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u683c\uff08\u683c\u306e\u8a8d\u53ef\uff09\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u3067 whom \u3092 which \/ that \u3078\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B) everyone thought \u306f\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306e\u4f1d\u9054\u30fb\u601d\u8003\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\uff08Comment Clause\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9069\u683c\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(C) would declare \u306f\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236 argued \u306b\u547c\u5fdc\u3057\u305f\u904e\u53bb\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(D) declare A incompatible with B\uff08A\u304cB\u3068\u76f8\u5bb9\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5ba3\u8a00\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7b2c5\u6587\u578b\u306e\u88dc\u8a9e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9069\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0b\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u9078\u629e\uff08who, whom, which\uff09\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5168\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c\uff1a\u4e00\u6a4b\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u8a02\u6b63\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u683c\u6027\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u6301\u3064\u610f\u5473\u7d20\u6027\uff08[\u00b1Human]\uff09\u3068\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u57fa\u5e95\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304b\u3089\u79fb\u52d5\uff08Wh-Movement\uff09\u3057\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3069\u306e\u683c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u4e3b\u683c\u30fb\u5bfe\u683c\u30fb\u5c5e\u683c\uff09\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u304d\u629c\u304b\u308c\u305f\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u683c\u4ed8\u4e0e\uff08Case Assignment\uff09\u300d\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e8c\u91cd\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u554f\u3067\u306f\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u304c [-Human] \u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u4eba\u79f0\u6a19\u8b58 [+Human] \u3092\u6301\u3064 whom \u306f\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u633f\u5165\u7bc0 everyone thought \u306e\u4ecb\u5728\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8868\u5c64\u4e0a\u300cS + V\u300d\u304c\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b whom \u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u7f60\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u6728\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 everyone thought \u306f\u4e3b\u6587\u88dc\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6295\u5c04\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u306f\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e declare \u306e\u88dc\u90e8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u5bfe\u683c\uff09\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u898f\u5247\u3092\u5cfb\u5225\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u8a9e\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3068\u7bc0\u306e\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306e\u7d20\u6027\u4e00\u81f4\u3068\u9023\u9396\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M01]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6587\u578b\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b2c5\u6587\u578b\uff08SVOC\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u88dc\u8a9e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff14\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3\uff1a(1) \u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e than \u306e\u7a7a\u6240\u5145\u8db3\u3001(2) \u5426\u5b9a\u6975\u6027\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u6587\u982d\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u5012\u7f6e\u3001(3) \u8a8d\u8b58\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u6587\u9078\u629e\u5236\u7d04\u3001(4) \u76f8\u95a2\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e not only&#8230; but also \u306e\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u662f\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\uff1a\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u96e3\u95a2\u4e0a\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593\uff1a10\u5206\uff08\u7a7a\u6240\u54042\u5206\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e84\u5206\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a7a\u6240 ( 1 ) \u306e\u5224\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306f require far more natural resources than ( 1 ) to sustain&#8230; \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">than \u306f\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(A) they are consumed \u306f\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e they \u304c\u88dc\u5b8c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3068 than \u306f\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3068\u306a\u308a\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057 consume \u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u7834\u7dbb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(D) it consumes them \u306f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e it \u304c\u4e0d\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7834\u7dbb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B) is currently being consumed \u3068 (C) are currently consumed \u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1a\u5148\u884c\u8a5e\u306f\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e natural resources \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6570\u306f\u8907\u6570\u547c\u5fdc\u306e are \u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5408\u3044\u306f\u4e0d\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066 (C) are currently consumed \u304c\u9069\u683c\u3002than \u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u4e3b\u683c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a7a\u6240 ( 2 ) \u306e\u5224\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u982d\u306b Under no circumstances\uff08\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u4e0b\u3067\u3082\u301c\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u3044\u5426\u5b9a\u30fb\u5236\u9650\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306b\u306f\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u5012\u7f6e\uff08SAI\uff09\u304c\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a9e\u9806\u306f\u300c\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e + S + V\u300d\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066 (B) should we \u304c\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u9069\u683c\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a7a\u6240 ( 3 ) \u306e\u5224\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u8108\u306f\u300c\u5236\u5fa1\u306a\u304d\u6280\u8853\u7684\u62e1\u5927\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u7684\u306b\u751f\u614b\u5b66\u7684\u7834\u6ec5\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u524d\u4f8b\u3092\u81ea\u899a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b the historical precedent\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\uff09\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u81ea\u899a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306e conscious \u304c\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u9069\u5207\uff08capable \u306f\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">conscious \u304c\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u304c\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08that \u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070 of \u306f\u8131\u843d\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001(A) conscious of \u304c\u9069\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8 (4) \u306e\u8a02\u6b63\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u95a2\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e not only A but (also) B \u306e\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">not only \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8981\u7d20 A \u306f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e to generate economic profits \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e but (also) \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8981\u7d20 B \u306f\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e protecting the biosphere \u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3068\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7570\u8cea\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7bc4\u7587\u304c\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\uff08Coordinate Structure Constraint\uff09\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8981\u7d20 A \u304c to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8981\u7d20 B \u3082 to \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306b\u63c3\u3048\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a02\u6b63\uff1aprotecting \u2192 to protect\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f protect\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( 1 ) (C)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( 2 ) (B)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( 3 ) (A)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) \u6307\u6458\uff1aprotecting \uff0f \u8a02\u6b63\uff1ato protect\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f protect\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) \u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0\uff1a\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e than \u306f\u5f8c\u7d9a\u7bc0\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u517c\u306d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4f59\u5270\u306a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e resources \u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u8907\u6570\u52d5\u8a5e are currently consumed \u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) \u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0\uff1a\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e Under no circumstances \u306e\u7bc0\u982d\u914d\u7f6e\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e we \u3068\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e should \u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u5012\u7f6e\uff08SAI: should we\uff09\u304c\u751f\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) \u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0\uff1a\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5 the historical precedent \u3092\u88dc\u90e8\u306b\u53d6\u308b\u8a8d\u8b58\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e of \u3092\u4f34\u3046 conscious of \u304c\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) \u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0\uff1anot only \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b to generate \u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001but also \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3082\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7b49\u4fa1\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u7bc4\u7587\u3067\u3042\u308b to protect \u3078\u7d71\u4e00\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u7e2e\u7d04\u7bc0\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u6587\u982d\u79fb\u52d5\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u9078\u629e\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u8907\u5408\u7684\u306b\u7d61\u307f\u5408\u3046\u5927\u554f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c\uff1a\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u90e8\u3001\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u90e8\u306e\u8907\u5408\u6587\u6cd5\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u539f\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u554f\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u306a4\u5927\u539f\u7406\uff08\u7a7a\u6240\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a8d\u53ef\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u79fb\u52d5\u3001\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u88dc\u90e8\u9078\u629e\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\uff09\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u904b\u7528\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b (4) \u306e\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u898f\u5247\u306f\u3001\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u7d50\u3076\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7d20\u6027\u683c\u4ed8\u3051\uff08[+Inf]\uff09\u3092\u5171\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\uff08Category Homogeneity\uff09\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u5185\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u539f\u5f62\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u3001\u6e96\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u4e26\u5217\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7bc4\u7587\u304c1\u7b87\u6240\u3067\u3082\u5d29\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u4e0d\u9069\u683c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u5f0f\u30fb\u8a18\u8ff0\u5f0f\u8a2d\u554f\u306f\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u6027\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304f\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u6790\u529b\u3092\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u8a66\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u7701\u7565\u30fb\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u3068\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u6587\u982d\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u4f34\u3046SAI\u3068\u7b49\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u306e\u4e26\u884c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M05]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u30fb\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u4fee\u98fe\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u67a0\u3068\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u88dc\u90e8\u306e\u9078\u629e\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M14]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7591\u4f3c\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e than \u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u7a7a\u6240\u5145\u8db3\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b66\u7fd2\u8a55\u4fa1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\u69cb\u6210<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u914d\u70b9<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u5927\u554f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606 \u767a\u5c55<\/td><td>50\u70b9<\/td><td>\u7b2c\uff11\u554f\u3001\u7b2c\uff12\u554f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u96e3\u95a2\u4e0a\u4f4d<\/td><td>50\u70b9<\/td><td>\u7b2c\uff13\u554f\u3001\u7b2c\uff14\u554f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u6d3b\u7528<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u5f97\u70b9<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u5224\u5b9a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u63a8\u5968\u30a2\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>85\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/td><td>A<\/td><td>\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u5b9a\u7740\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u6f14\u7fd2\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u8d70\u67fb\u901f\u5ea6\u3092\u7814\u304e\u6f84\u307e\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>70\u301c84\u70b9<\/td><td>B<\/td><td>\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u306f\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7bc4\u7587\u5316\u3084\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u4ecb\u5728\u4e0b\u306e\u683c\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u7518\u3055\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u539f\u7406\u5c64\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8003\u7a76\u5c64\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>55\u301c69\u70b9<\/td><td>C<\/td><td>\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\u306b\u983c\u3063\u305f\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u6563\u898b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u8f9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8d70\u67fb\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8996\u5ea7\u5c64\u306b\u623b\u3063\u3066\u518d\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u5fa9\u5143\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>55\u70b9\u672a\u6e80<\/td><td>D<\/td><td>\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u628a\u63e1\u304c\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u57fa\u790e\u4f53\u7cfb [\u57fa\u790e M01] \u304a\u3088\u3073 [\u57fa\u790e M17] \u306b\u623b\u308a\u3001\u6587\u578b\u3068\u4fee\u98fe\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u500b\u5225 M02]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u554f\u984c\u306e\u6587\u8108\u6574\u5408\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u8ac7\u8a71\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u540c\u6642\u5145\u8db3\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u500b\u5225 M11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u548c\u8a33\u554f\u984c\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u78ba\u5b9a\u3068\u8a33\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u89e3\u4f53\u3092\u6271\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 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