{"id":26495,"date":"2026-08-06T12:00:30","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T03:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/study.admy.jp\/undergrad.exam\/?p=26495"},"modified":"2026-08-24T03:38:56","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T18:38:56","slug":"high-tier_english_m04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/study.admy.jp\/undergrad.exam\/strategy\/high-tier_english_m04\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66 \u82f1\u8a9e\u3011Module 04\uff1a\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020(\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831)\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u4f53\u7cfb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u69cb\u6210<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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Contract)\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u6f14\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3084\u8aac\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u4e38\u6697\u8a18\u3057\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u5bfe\u51e6\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u304b\u3089\u6587\u672b\u3078\u3068\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831(\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u60c5\u5831)\u300d\u3068\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831(\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u60c5\u5831)\u300d\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u51a0\u8a5e\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306b\u983c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u6587\u9593\u306e\u7d50\u675f\u6027(Cohesion)\u3092\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8a9e\u304c\u6301\u3064\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u3057\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u578b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u6307\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u3084\u8981\u7d04\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u578b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8131\u6587\u633f\u5165\u3084\u6587\u6574\u5e8f\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u7a81\u7834\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5358\u306a\u308b\u89e3\u6cd5\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u5217\u6319\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u306a\u305c\u305d\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u7f6e\u304c\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8aac\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u8a00\u8a9e\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u521d\u898b\u306e\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u8ff7\u3044\u306a\u304f\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u601d\u8003\u529b\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8996\u5ea7:\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3068\u6587\u9593\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u8b58\u5225\u8ef8\u306e\u78ba\u7acb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u7f85\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u304b\u3064\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u4f1d\u9054\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6349\u3048\u76f4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u8996\u5ea7\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u512a\u5148\u306e\u5230\u9054\u76ee\u6a19\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u969b\u306b\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u6790(SVO\u306e\u7279\u5b9a)\u3067\u6e80\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u306a\u305c\u305d\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3067\u8a00\u8449\u304c\u4e26\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u306a\u305c\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>the<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u300d\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u60c5\u5831(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831:Given Information)\u3092\u6587\u982d\u5074\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u304f\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831:New Information)\u3092\u6587\u672b\u5074\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u539f\u5247(Given-New Contract)\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u304b\u3089\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3078\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u57fa\u672c\u8ef8\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u51a0\u8a5e\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u3001\u6587\u982d\u3078\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u79fb\u52d5\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u6587\u4f53\u4e0a\u306e\u5909\u5316\u304c\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3002\u524d\u63d0\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u6cd5(\u6587\u578b\u30fb\u54c1\u8a5e\u30fb\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u30fb\u6307\u793a\u8a5e\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u6a5f\u80fd)\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u9759\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8108\u63a5\u7d9a\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u6271\u3046\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u3001\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u57fa\u6e96\u3001\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>a<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>the<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u3001\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u7167\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u3001\u6587\u982d\u30fb\u6587\u672b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306b\u983c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u540c\u683c\u30fb\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5358\u306b\u6587\u3092\u548c\u8a33\u3059\u308b\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3001\u6587\u3068\u6587\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027(Cohesion)\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304f\u773c\u990a\u308f\u308c\u3001\u6b21\u5c64\u4ee5\u964d\u3067\u6271\u3046\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u3084\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u8ac7\u8a71\u5206\u6790\u3078\u3068\u5186\u6ed1\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e\u306e\u7167\u5fdc\u6a5f\u80fd]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e(it, this, that, they)\u3084\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e(the + \u540d\u8a5e)\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u524d\u306b\u51fa\u305f\u8a9e\u53e5\u3092\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u8a18\u53f7\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u610f\u8b58\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u65e2\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3092\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u6a19\u8b58\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>the<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u300c\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u3069\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300d\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>this<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u524d\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3084\u6982\u5ff5\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u62ec\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u5316\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167:[\u57fa\u790e M18-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u9806\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u4e0a\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u6027\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831(\u65e2\u77e5\u30fb\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u4e88\u6e2c\u53ef\u80fd) \u2192 \u65b0\u60c5\u5831(\u672a\u77e5\u30fb\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u4f1d\u3048\u305f\u3044\u60c5\u5831)\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u50be\u659c\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u306f\u524d\u6587\u3068\u306e\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001\u6587\u672b(\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9)\u306b\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u9577\u3044\u8981\u7d20(\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8)\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167:[\u57fa\u790e M18-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M16-\u8a9e\u7528]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u5c40\u6240\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3084\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u306e\u7167\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u57fa\u790e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M21-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u306e\u7279\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u65b0\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3068\u51a0\u8a5e\u30fb\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6307\u793a\u7167\u5fdc\u306e\u8996\u5ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u6587\u982d\u304b\u3089\u6587\u672b\u3078\u3068\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u304b\u3089\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3078\u306e\u5c55\u958b)\u300d\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u5207\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u3092\u6392\u3057\u3066\u6587\u8108\u306e\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u8996\u5ea7\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u300c\u306a\u305c\u3053\u3053\u306b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u300d\u300c\u306a\u305c\u3053\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u524d\u6587\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u6307\u3059\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u306b\u60a9\u307e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u89e3\u7b54\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u306f\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u60c5\u5831(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831)\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u60c5\u5831(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831)\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>a<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>the<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u9078\u629e\u3084\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u306b\u4ed6\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u51a0\u8a5e\u3068\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3059\u6307\u793a\u7167\u5fdc\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u524d\u6587\u3068\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u306a\u601d\u8003\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u51a0\u8a5e\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u5dee\u306b\u3088\u308b\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u3068\u7167\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u7279\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u51a0\u8a5e\u306f\u300c\u5358\u6570\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u3064\u304f\u8a18\u53f7\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>a \/ an<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>the<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u771f\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u5dee\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3067\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u4f1d\u9054\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>a<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u3001\u805e\u304d\u624b\u3084\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u672a\u78ba\u5b9a\u306e\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u8a00\u8aac\u7a7a\u9593\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u5c0e\u5165\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>the<\/code>\u306f\u3001\u300c\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u6587\u8108\u3084\u72b6\u6cc1\u304b\u3089\u3069\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u30fb\u6982\u5ff5\u304b\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u78ba\u5b9a\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u5358\u306b\u300c\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u301c\u300d\u300c\u305d\u306e\u301c\u300d\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u8a33\u3059\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3067\u3069\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3001\u3069\u3053\u3078\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>the + \u540d\u8a5e<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3057\u305f\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u53cd\u5fa9(\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u5fdc)\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u524d\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u63a8\u5165\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6982\u5ff5(\u9593\u63a5\u7167\u5fdc)\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b69\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e2d\u306e\u51a0\u8a5e\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u3057\u3066\u6307\u793a\u7167\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u65b0\u65e7\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u51a0\u8a5e\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u3001\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>a \/ an<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u300c\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831(\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9)\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u6587\u3067\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6ce8\u8996\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>the + \u540d\u8a5e<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u63a2\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u6839\u62e0\u304c\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u540c\u5f62\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u304b\u3089\u300c\u305d\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u5f53\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u306f\u305a\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a8\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9593\u63a5\u7167\u5fdc(\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>a car<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u51fa\u308b&nbsp;<code>the engine<\/code>)\u3092\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u51a0\u8a5e\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u304b\u3089\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3078\u3068\u5411\u304b\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u3001\u6587\u3068\u6587\u3068\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u7e4b\u304c\u308a(\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u88dc\u8db3\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306a\u3069)\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u611f\u6027\u306b\u983c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8108\u8ffd\u8de1\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: A scientist published [a groundbreaking theory] on quantum mechanics. [The theory] challenged the conventional principles of physics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>a groundbreaking theory<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u6587\u3067&nbsp;<code>The theory<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3057\u3066\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u524d\u6587\u3068\u6b21\u6587\u306e\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u5fdc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u88dc\u5f37\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The research team conducted an exhaustive experiment on the new compound. However, [the results] contradicted their initial hypothesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6587\u306b&nbsp;<code>results<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5358\u8a9e\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u300c\u5b9f\u9a13(an experiment)\u3092\u884c\u3048\u3070\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u63a8\u5165\u306b\u3088\u308a&nbsp;<code>the results<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831(\u9593\u63a5\u7167\u5fdc)\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u62c5\u4fdd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The government proposed a new economic policy to curb inflation. However, [an inflation] continued to rise for the next three quarters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6587\u3067&nbsp;<code>inflation<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65e2\u51fa\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6b21\u6587\u3067\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>an<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u5316\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u6587\u8108\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b(\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u6a19\u8b58\u306f\u7121\u51a0\u8a5e\u307e\u305f\u306f&nbsp;<code>the inflation<\/code>)\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: An international conference was held in Kyoto last week. [The city] welcomed delegates from over fifty countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>Kyoto<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u6b21\u6587\u3067\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3042\u308b&nbsp;<code>The city<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u51a0\u8a5e\u304c\u793a\u3059\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7167\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u7279\u5b9a\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u5316\u306e\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e(it, this, that, they)\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u300c\u524d\u306b\u51fa\u305f\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u300c\u547d\u984c\u5168\u4f53\u300d\u3084\u300c\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a\u300d\u3092\u4e38\u3054\u3068\u62ec\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3078\u3068\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u306e\u88c5\u7f6e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7279\u306b&nbsp;<code>this<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u524d\u6587\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u584a(\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af)\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6349\u3048\u76f4\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6b21\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u6587\u982d\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8db3\u5834(Given)\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u5316\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u8a33\u51fa\u3092\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u8108\u63a5\u7d9a\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u9593\u9055\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e(\u7279\u306b&nbsp;<code>this<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>)\u306b\u906d\u9047\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u5358\u306b\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3060\u3051\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u8907\u6570\u6587\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u5019\u88dc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6587\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u5074)\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3068\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3059\u308b\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u300d\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b(\u4f8b: \u8ff0\u8a9e\u304c&nbsp;<code>means that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u306f\u5358\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u4e8b\u5b9f\u30fb\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u4ee3\u5165\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c(\u524d\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35 = \u65e7\u60c5\u5831 \u2192 \u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u53d7\u5bb9 \u2192 \u6b21\u6587\u306e\u65b0\u4e3b\u5f35)\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u306a\u304f\u7e4b\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u8ff7\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The ice caps are melting at an unprecedented rate due to global warming. [This] has forced coastal communities to redesign their infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>This<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u76f4\u524d\u306e&nbsp;<code>global warming<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>rate<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5358\u4f53\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6c37\u5e8a\u304c\u304b\u3064\u3066\u306a\u3044\u901f\u5ea6\u3067\u6eb6\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6307\u3057\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Modern society consumes vast amounts of energy derived from fossil fuels. [It] is a habit that cannot be sustained indefinitely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f&nbsp;<code>fossil fuels<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u6d88\u8cbb\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u6587\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u793a\u3059\u884c\u52d5\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Heavy rains flooded the agricultural valleys across the region. [They] led to a severe food shortage in the subsequent months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>They<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8907\u6570\u540d\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Heavy rains<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>valleys<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6307\u3059\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u304c\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u300c\u5927\u96e8\u304c\u8c37\u3092\u6d2a\u6c34\u306b\u9665\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u614b\u5168\u4f53\u300d\u3092\u5de8\u8996\u7684\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5f62\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3060\u3051\u306b\u56da\u308f\u308c\u305f\u5358\u8a9e\u5358\u4f4d\u306e\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u306f\u6587\u8108\u306e\u8aa4\u8aad\u3092\u62db\u304f\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: The scientists managed to isolate the gene responsible for the disease. [This discovery] opened up new avenues for targeted medical therapies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>This<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>discovery<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u300c\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3092\u7a81\u304d\u6b62\u3081\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u300c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3078\u3068\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6b21\u6587\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3078\u3068\u6ed1\u3089\u304b\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u524d\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3078\u3068\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u7279\u5b9a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u6587\u982d\u30fb\u6587\u672b\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u539f\u7406\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u50be\u659c\u306e\u8996\u5ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3059\u308b\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u8996\u5ea7\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5185\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u5834\u6240\u304c\u6301\u3064\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u91cd\u307f(\u50be\u659c)\u300d\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u300c\u524d\u6587\u3068\u306e\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u3092\u793a\u3059\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u60c5\u5831(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831)\u300d\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b(\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9)\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u4f1d\u3048\u305f\u3044\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u60c5\u5831(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831)\u300d\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7dda\u7684\u306a\u30b0\u30e9\u30c7\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u9577\u304f\u3066\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6587\u672b\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u6163\u7fd2(\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8)\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3068\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6587\u8108\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u610f\u8b58\u3092\u96c6\u4e2d\u3055\u305b\u3066\u5370\u8c61\u3065\u3051\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6587\u982d\u30fb\u6587\u672b\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u548c\u8a33\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u601d\u8003\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3084\u7126\u70b9(\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9)\u304c\u3069\u3053\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u6587\u982d\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u7f6e(\u8db3\u5834\u8a2d\u5b9a)\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u7f6e(\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9)\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u306a\u305c\u305d\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u300c\u8db3\u5834\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a5f\u80fd\u300d\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u300c\u7126\u70b9(\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9)\u4ed8\u4e0e\u6a5f\u80fd\u300d\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u3001\u6587\u982d(\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e)\u306b\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u63a8\u6e2c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3084\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u3069\u3053\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u8db3\u5834(Topic\/Given)\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3001\u88dc\u8a9e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6587\u672b\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6587\u3067\u521d\u3081\u3066\u958b\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3084\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3044\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8(Focus\/New)\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u6587\u982d=\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\/\u8db3\u5834 \u2192 \u6587\u672b=\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\/\u7126\u70b9\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u50be\u659c\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u5e73\u7b49\u306a\u91cd\u307f\u3067\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u30e1\u30ea\u30cf\u30ea\u3092\u5931\u3044\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8981\u70b9\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u6587\u672b\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u96c6\u4e2d\u3055\u305b\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306e\u50be\u659c\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u304c\u8aad\u89e3\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5de6\u53f3\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6587\u982d\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u6587\u672b\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u91cd\u307f\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u306e\u5192\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20(\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5)\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u524d\u6587\u306e\u3069\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u300c\u6587\u8108\u306e\u8db3\u5834(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831)\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u6587\u672b\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3046\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u6ce8\u8996\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3084\u5b9a\u610f\u3065\u3051\u3092\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u4f1d\u9054\u3057\u305f\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831(\u7126\u70b9)\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6355\u6349\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u304b\u3089\u6587\u672b\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3078\u306e\u601d\u8003\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u6587\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u8a9e\u9806\u901a\u308a\u306e\u76f4\u8a33\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u969b\u7acb\u3064\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u91c8(\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u7126\u70b9\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u91cd\u307f\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u305f\u8a33\u51fa)\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u771f\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: Among the various factors contributing to climate change, [greenhouse gas emissions remain the most critical driver].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e&nbsp;<code>Among the various factors...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u524d\u63d0(\u8db3\u5834)\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>the most critical driver<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6700\u5927\u306e\u7126\u70b9(\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9)\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: To address the growing problem of urban congestion, city planners have introduced [an automated electric bus system].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306b\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u793a\u3059\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u8ab2\u984c(\u8db3\u5834)\u3092\u7f6e\u304d\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u305d\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3067\u3042\u308b\u65b0\u63d0\u6848&nbsp;<code>an automated electric bus system<\/code>\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3078\u8a98\u5c0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The revolutionary technology, which promises to automate complex manufacturing processes, was successfully developed by [a young engineer in Tokyo].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u6587\u672b\u306b\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u6280\u8853\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u8ab0\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f(a young engineer)\u3092\u6587\u672b\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306a\u914d\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: A young engineer in Tokyo successfully developed the revolutionary technology, which promises to automate complex manufacturing processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f8b3\u3068\u540c\u3058\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u304c\u6587\u982d(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u5c0e\u5165)\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u9577\u3044\u6280\u8853\u8aac\u660e(\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8)\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4f8b3\u3068\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u7126\u70b9(\u8ab0\u304c\u3084\u3063\u305f\u304b vs \u4f55\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u304b)\u306e\u7f6e\u304d\u6240\u304c\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u69cb\u9020\u5909\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7126\u70b9\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u3068\u9577\u6587\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u6587\u672b\u914d\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u8ffd\u8de1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306a\u914d\u7f6e\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u91cd\u304f\u9577\u3044\u8981\u7d20(\u7bc0\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u4fee\u98fe\u53e5\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5)\u3092\u6587\u306e\u5f8c\u534a\u3084\u6587\u672b\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300c\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8(End-Weight)\u539f\u5247\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306f\u3001\u524d\u8ff0\u306e\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u6587\u672b\u306b\u7f6e\u304f(\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9)\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u306f\u8aac\u660e\u3084\u88dc\u8db3\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u81ea\u7136\u3068\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u9577\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u9006\u306b\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u306f\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3084\u77ed\u3044\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8efd\u304f\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6587\u982d\u306b\u6975\u7aef\u306b\u9577\u3044\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306b\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u8ca0\u62c5\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308a\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u767a\u898b\u304c\u9045\u308c\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u963b\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5f8c\u5143\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3066\u6587\u672b\u3078\u56de\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6587\u982d\u3092\u8efd\u304f\u4fdd\u3061\u3001\u91cd\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3078\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3059\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u8fc5\u901f\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u6b66\u5668\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6587\u672b\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u6587\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306a\u8981\u7d20(\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084\u77ed\u3044\u4e3b\u8a9e)\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u771f\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5185\u5bb9(\u91cd\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831)\u306f\u6587\u672b\u306b\u63a7\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u4e88\u6e2c\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u3001<code>to<\/code>&nbsp;\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u9577\u3044\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306a\u3069\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u300c\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u91cd\u3044\u8981\u7d20\u300d\u3092\u63a2\u7d22\u30fb\u56f2\u3044\u8fbc\u307f(\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0)\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8efd\u3044\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u91cd\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u9023\u7d50\u3057\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c(S+V+O\/C)\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u9577\u5927\u306a\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u306e\u771f\u610f\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [It] is imperative for modern corporations [to integrate sustainable environmental practices into their core business strategies].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6587\u8108\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3092\u8efd\u304f\u4fdd\u3061\u3001\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u9577\u3044\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u53e5(\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8)\u3092\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3001\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u898f\u7bc4\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The director made [it] clear to all department heads [that budget cuts would be implemented starting next quarter].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u7b2c5\u6587\u578b(SVOC)\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u7d20\u65e9\u304f\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3001\u91cd\u3044\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u8996\u8a8d\u6027\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u5f37\u8abf\u3092\u4e21\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The committee rejected [the proposal] out of hand [which had been submitted by the external consultants after months of research].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>the proposal<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308b\u9577\u3044\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>out of hand<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u308d(\u6587\u672b)\u3078\u5206\u96e2\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3078\u8ffd\u3044\u3084\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u4f5c\u52d5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4fee\u98fe\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3068\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5b64\u7acb\u3092\u62db\u304f\u3002(\u5206\u96e2\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: There have emerged in recent years [several innovative methodologies that challenge classical economic theories].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>There + V + S<\/code>&nbsp;\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u8457\u3057\u304f\u9577\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>have emerged in recent years<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u308d(\u6587\u672b)\u3078\u3068\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u65b0\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u6587\u672b\u3067\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u6587\u672b\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u9577\u6587\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u542b\u3080\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3068\u5012\u7f6e\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u53d7\u5bb9\u8996\u5ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a S+V+O \u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u5d29\u3055\u308c\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3084\u88dc\u8a9e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u3084\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u6587\u982d\u3078\u8e8d\u308a\u51fa\u308b\u300c\u4e3b\u984c\u5316(Topicalization)\u300d\u3084\u300c\u5012\u7f6e(Inversion)\u300d\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u306a\u5f37\u8abf\u3084\u6587\u4f53\u306e\u5f69\u308a\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3001\u524d\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 = \u6587\u982d \/ \u65b0\u60c5\u5831 = \u6587\u672b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3092\u9075\u5b88\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u767a\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u88c5\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6587\u8108\u306e\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u524d\u6587\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6587\u982d\u3078\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u308a(\u4e3b\u984c\u5316)\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3067\u5f37\u529b\u306b\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u304c\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u306e\u8981\u8acb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u6587\u8108\u63a5\u7d9a\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u304b\u3089\u5012\u7f6e\u3084\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3092\u53d7\u5bb9\u30fb\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u6587\u982d\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u5316(Topicalization)\u306b\u3088\u308b\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u63a5\u7d9a\u3068\u6587\u8108\u56fa\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u7834\u3063\u3066\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e(O)\u3084\u88dc\u8a9e(C)\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306a\u3069\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u4e3b\u984c\u5316(Topicalization)\u300d\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u3001\u524d\u6587\u3068\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u3001\u6b21\u6587\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u300c\u8db3\u5834(\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af)\u300d\u3092\u5f37\u56fa\u306b\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u3067\u767a\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u982d\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u5730\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u524d\u6587\u3067\u89e6\u308c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6982\u5ff5\u3084\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u304b\u3089\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u300c\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u8a71\u3059\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304f&nbsp;<code>O + S + V<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\u3067\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e(S+V)\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u5f37\u8abf\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u300d\u3068\u7247\u4ed8\u3051\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3001\u306a\u305c\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u308f\u3056\u308f\u3056\u6a19\u6e96\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u5d29\u3057\u3066\u307e\u3067\u305d\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306b\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3084\u6587\u8108\u56fa\u5b9a\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u611f\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u524d\u6587\u3068\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u8981\u7d20(\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3001\u88dc\u8a9e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u540d\u8a5e\u76f8\u5f53\u306e\u53e5\u30fb\u7bc0)\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5909\u5247\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6587\u982d\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306e\u3069\u306e\u6982\u5ff5(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831)\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6b21\u6587\u306e\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8db3\u5834(\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af)\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8db3\u5834\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e(S+V)\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u300c\u305d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u524d\u6587\u304b\u3089\u6b21\u6587\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5c55\u958b(\u8a71\u984c\u306e\u7d99\u627f\u3068\u65b0\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u63d0\u793a)\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u4e71\u308c\u306b\u56f0\u60d1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u6ed1\u3089\u304b\u306b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: Many difficult challenges the new management team faced. But [one particular problem] they solved almost immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6b21\u6587\u306e\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>one particular problem<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u524d\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>Many difficult challenges<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u65e7\u60c5\u5831(\u8db3\u5834)\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306b\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u304c\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u89e3\u6c7a\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u60c5\u5831&nbsp;<code>they solved almost immediately<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Wealth and fame he pursued with relentless ambition throughout his youth. However, [peace of mind] he never truly found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>peace of mind<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>Wealth and fame<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8ef8(\u8db3\u5834)\u304c\u6587\u982d\u3067\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>never truly found<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The author discussed several complex theories in the third chapter. [Extremely insightful] the critics considered his analytical approach to be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u88dc\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>Extremely insightful<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u524d\u6587\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u4e71\u308c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u524d\u6587\u3068\u306e\u6587\u8108\u7684\u63a5\u5408\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: The critics considered his analytical approach to be extremely insightful, which surprised the author.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f8b3\u3068\u540c\u3058\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u9806(SVOC)\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u88dc\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>extremely insightful<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4f8b3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6587\u982d\u3067\u524d\u6587\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u5931\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u6a19\u6e96\u8a9e\u9806\u3068\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u982d\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u524d\u6587\u304b\u3089\u3069\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304e\u3001\u6587\u8108\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u89e3\u8aad\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u30fb\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u6587\u982d\u914d\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5012\u7f6e(Inversion)\u3068\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u5f37\u8abf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e(Never, Seldom, Hardly, Little)\u3084\u5834\u6240\u30fb\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u793a\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u969b\u306b\u751f\u3058\u308b\u300c\u5012\u7f6e(Inversion)\u300d\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u898f\u5247\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u9855\u8457\u306a\u5909\u9769\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u7406\u7531\u3082\u307e\u305f\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u6700\u9069\u5316\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u3084\u9650\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u3066&nbsp;<code>\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\/be\u52d5\u8a5e + \u4e3b\u8a9e + \u52d5\u8a5e<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7591\u554f\u6587\u3068\u540c\u3058\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u5f37\u5236\u3055\u308c\u308b(\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9006\u8ee2)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u5909\u5316\u306e\u72d9\u3044\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u5f37\u70c8\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9650\u5b9a(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u6587\u8108\u306e\u906e\u65ad\u3084\u6975\u6027\u306e\u63d0\u793a)\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6765\u306f\u6587\u982d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306f\u305a\u306e\u300c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u300d\u3092\u5f8c\u65b9\u3078\u3068\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u300c\u885d\u6483\u7684\u306a\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9bae\u660e\u306b\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u3068\u306f\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u6a19\u8b58\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u5f37\u5316\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u9054\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5de5\u592b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5f62\u306e\u5947\u5999\u3055\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u6a19\u8b58\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6355\u6349\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e(Never, Barely, Rarely)\u3084\u5834\u6240\u30fb\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u793a\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7591\u554f\u6587\u8a9e\u9806(\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e+S+V)\u304c\u7d9a\u304f\u300c\u5012\u7f6e\u306e\u4f5c\u52d5\u300d\u3092\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u3084\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6761\u4ef6(\u300c\u4e00\u5ea6\u3082\u301c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u300c\u301c\u3057\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u300d\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6587\u8108\u7684\u9650\u5b9a)\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f8c\u65b9(\u6587\u672b\u65b9\u5411)\u3078\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3044\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831(\u7126\u70b9)\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6349\u3048\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u6587\u8108\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u6587\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u3084\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u9055\u3044\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [Hardly had the new regulation been announced] when fierce opposition erupted among the local business owners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Hardly<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5012\u7f6e(\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>had<\/code>&nbsp;+ \u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>the new regulation<\/code>)\u304c\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3001\u300c\u898f\u5236\u304c\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3084\u5426\u3084\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u9593\u7684\u6975\u9650\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u6587\u982d\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u53cd\u5bfe\u904b\u52d5\u306e\u52c3\u767a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u5f37\u529b\u306b\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: On the top of the hill [stood a massive stone monument] erected to honor the fallen soldiers of the ancient war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5834\u6240\u3092\u793a\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>On the top of the hill<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001<code>V + S<\/code>&nbsp;(stood + a massive stone monument) \u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u8efd\u3044\u5834\u6240\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3001\u91cd\u304f\u3066\u9577\u3044\u4e3b\u8a9e(\u30e2\u30cb\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u8a73\u7d30)\u3092\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u4f4d\u7f6e(\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8)\u3078\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Only after conducting a series of rigorous laboratory tests [did the researchers realize the potential side effects of the drug].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9650\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe&nbsp;<code>Only after...<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5012\u7f6e(<code>did<\/code>&nbsp;+ \u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>the researchers<\/code>&nbsp;+ \u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>realize<\/code>)\u304c\u8a98\u767a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u6c17\u3065\u304d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u6587\u672b\u3067\u9bae\u660e\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: Never before a company has achieved such remarkable financial growth in such a short period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>Never before<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u4f5c\u52d5\u305b\u305a\u6a19\u6e96\u8a9e\u9806(<code>a company has achieved<\/code>)\u306e\u307e\u307e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3057\u305f\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b(\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f&nbsp;<code>has a company achieved<\/code>)\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u6587\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u9650\u5b9a\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u5f37\u8abf\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u5909\u5247\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u6301\u3064\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u305d\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u53cd\u8ee2\u306e\u8996\u5ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u306f\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 \u2192 \u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u306e\u50be\u659c\u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3092\u5f37\u304f\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u3044\u3060\u308a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u5287\u7684\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77(C)\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e(O)\u306e\u6587\u982d\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u300d\u3084\u3001\u300cIt is &#8230; that &#8230;\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u300c\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587(Cleft Sentence)\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u5b66\u6821\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u7fd2\u3046\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3069\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u300c\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u8db3\u5834(Given)\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3001\u3069\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u300c\u7126\u5143\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831(Focus\/New)\u300d\u3068\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5f37\u5236\u7684\u306b\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u3084\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u53cd\u8ee2\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8(\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3084\u7126\u70b9\u5316)\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u53d7\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u4fdd\u8b77\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u524d\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u9006\u8ee2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u88dc\u8a9e(C)\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e(O)\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9006\u8ee2\u3059\u308b&nbsp;<code>C + V + S<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>O + V + S<\/code>&nbsp;\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u306f\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u304c\u6700\u3082\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u8868\u9762\u5316\u3057\u305f\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u6700\u5927\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u300c\u524d\u6587\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u6587\u306e\u6587\u982d\u3067\u65e7\u60c5\u5831(\u8db3\u5834)\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6765\u306f\u6587\u982d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306f\u305a\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3078\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6570\u73e0\u3064\u306a\u304e(\u30ea\u30f3\u30af)\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001<code>C + V + S<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u88dc\u8a9e C \u306f\u524d\u6587\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u56de\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u8a9e S \u304c\u300c\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u88dc\u8a9e\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u3066\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u8a33\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u306a\u305c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6b6a\u3093\u3060\u8a9e\u9806\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u305a\u306b\u6587\u8108\u306e\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u6570\u73e0\u3064\u306a\u304e(\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53cd\u8ee2)\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u5206\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5(\u88dc\u8a9e C \u3084\u526f\u8a5e M \u306b\u76f8\u5f53)\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084 be \u52d5\u8a5e(V)\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5(S)\u304c\u7d9a\u304f&nbsp;<code>C\/M + V + S<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u88dc\u8a9e C \u304c\u524d\u6587\u306e\u3069\u306e\u6587\u8108\u5185\u5bb9(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831)\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u3044\u3067\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u8a9e S \u3092\u300c\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u524d\u6587\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u6982\u5ff5 \u2192 \u6b21\u6587\u6587\u982d\u3078\u306e\u7d99\u627f(C) \u2192 \u6b21\u6587\u6587\u672b\u3067\u306e\u65b0\u4e3b\u8a9e(S)\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9396(\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3)\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u601d\u8003\u306e\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u3092\u9bae\u660e\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: Among the most pressing global issues is [the scarcity of clean drinking water in developing nations].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>Among the most pressing global issues<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u982d\u3067\u8db3\u5834(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f)\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>is<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u631f\u3093\u3067\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>the scarcity of clean drinking water...<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u4e3b\u8a9e(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9)\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b(<code>M + V + S<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The research report outlined several economic risks. [Included in these risks] were [the sudden fluctuations in foreign exchange rates].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>several economic risks<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3001\u5206\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>Included in these risks<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3001be \u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>were<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u65b0\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>the sudden fluctuations...<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u672b\u3078\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b(<code>C + V + S<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Gone are [the days when businesses could ignore their environmental impact without facing consumer backlash].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u88dc\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Gone<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001<code>are<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u631f\u3093\u3067\u9577\u3044\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>the days when...<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u304b\u3064\u3066\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u304c\u300c\u53bb\u3063\u305f(Gone)\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u6587\u982d\u3067\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6642\u4ee3\u304c\u53bb\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a73\u7d30(\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0)\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3067\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a73\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: Included in these risks the sudden fluctuations in foreign exchange rates were, which alarmed the board of directors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u88dc\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>Included in these risks<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306b\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u3092\u884c\u308f\u305a&nbsp;<code>S + V<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u307e\u307e\u653e\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u793a\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u524d\u6587\u304b\u3089\u6b21\u6587\u3078\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u63a5\u5408\u70b9\u3068\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587(Cleft Sentence)\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3068\u524d\u63d0(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831)\u306e\u5206\u96e2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>It is X that ...<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u4ee3\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587(Cleft Sentence)\u306f\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u306f\u300c\u547d\u984c\u3092\u7126\u70b9(X)\u3068\u524d\u63d0(that\u4ee5\u964d)\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u306b\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u88c5\u7f6e\u300d\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3082\u81ea\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3059\u3067\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u300c\u524d\u63d0(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831)\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<code>It is<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u9593\u306b\u631f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u88ab\u5f37\u8abf\u8a9e X \u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6587\u8108\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u4ed6\u3092\u6392\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3044\u300c\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831(\u7126\u70b9\/Focus)\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5358\u306b\u300c\u301c\u306a\u306e\u306fX\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8a33\u3059\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u306a\u305c\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u6587\u3092\u308f\u3056\u308f\u3056\u4e8c\u3064\u306b\u5206\u88c2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u307e\u3067 X \u3092&nbsp;<code>It is<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306b\u653e\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u306e\u610f\u56f3(X \u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u4ed6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044)\u300d\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u53cd\u6620\u3084\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8aa4\u308a(\u4ed6\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048)\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u4e0a\u3067\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u5dee\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u524d\u63d0\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001<code>It is\/was + \u8981\u7d20 X + that\/who\/which + \u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u6587<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587(It is adjective that&#8230;)\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8981\u7d20 X \u304c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u5f79\u5272(\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u306a\u3069)\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u300c\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u300c\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u5171\u901a\u524d\u63d0(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831)\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001<code>It is<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u631f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20 X \u3092\u300c\u4ed6\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3001\u300c\u4ed6\u306a\u3089\u306c X \u3053\u305d\u304c\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u6301\u3064\u771f\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u53d7\u4fe1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: It was [not until the late nineteenth century] that scientists began to understand the molecular basis of infectious diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u611f\u67d3\u75c7\u306e\u5206\u5b50\u57fa\u76e4\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u524d\u63d0(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831)\u3068\u3057\u3001<code>not until the late nineteenth century<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u9593\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u3092&nbsp;<code>It was<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u3067\u6392\u7684\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u5316(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u5316)\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: It is [the subtle shifts in ocean currents], rather than atmospheric temperature alone, that drive these extreme weather patterns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u300c\u6c17\u8c61\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u99c6\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u63d0\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u6e29\u5ea6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u6d77\u6d0b\u6df1\u5c64\u6d41\u306e\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u5909\u5316\u3053\u305d\u304c\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3092&nbsp;<code>It is<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067\u5f37\u70c8\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: It is true that the new policy addresses the economic deficit, but it fails to solve the social inequality in urban areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>It is true that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306f\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587(\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u5c0e\u5165)\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831)\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u5f37\u5f15\u306b\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u3066&nbsp;<code>true<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b(\u8b72\u6b69 \u2192 \u9006\u63a5)\u3092\u8aa4\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002(\u69cb\u6587\u8aa4\u8a8d\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: It was [by analyzing historical temperature records] that the climatologists were able to prove the long-term warming trend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u300c\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u50be\u5411\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3067\u304d\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9054\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3001<code>by analyzing...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u624b\u9806\u30fb\u624b\u6bb5\u3092&nbsp;<code>It was<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u631f\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8a3c\u660e\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u305f\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u6c7a\u3081\u624b\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3059\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u524d\u63d0\u306e\u5206\u96e2\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3044\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u975e\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2(\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4)\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u8996\u5ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001<code>however<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>therefore<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc(\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u63a5\u7d9a\u526f\u8a5e)\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3001\u6587\u3068\u6587\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6bb5\u843d\u3068\u6bb5\u843d\u304c\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u975e\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u306e\u304c\u3001\u300c\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048(\u540c\u4f4d)\u300d\u3084\u300c\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u69cb\u9020(\u5bfe\u6bd4)\u300d\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u8996\u5ea7\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u540c\u3058\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u5358\u7d14\u53cd\u5fa9\u3092\u5acc\u3046\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3067\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u3084\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3078\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b(\u540c\u5f62\u53cd\u5fa9\u30fb\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048)\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8a9e\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u305a\u306b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u4e26\u5217\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u7acb\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306b\u983c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u3084\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5bfe\u7167\u6027\u304b\u3089\u6587\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2(\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4)\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u601d\u8003\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048(\u540c\u5f62\u53cd\u5fa9\u30fb\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba)\u306b\u3088\u308b\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5224\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u304c\u3001\u300c\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048(\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba)\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5f62\u6210\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3042\u308b\u6587\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831)\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u3001\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u3001\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\/\u4e0b\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u7bc0\u3092\u4f34\u3063\u305f\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3078\u3068\u59ff\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u53cd\u5fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u306e\u9023\u9396(\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30fb\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3)\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u304c\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u306a\u3044\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u524d\u306e\u6587\u3068\u4eca\u306e\u6587\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b(\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u30a4\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u95a2\u4fc2)\u300d\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u306e\u5206\u304b\u308c\u76ee\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u6587\u6cd5\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u5bfe\u4e00\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306b\u3068\u3089\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5909\u308f\u3063\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u5225\u306e\u8a71\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u932f\u899a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9023\u7d9a\u6027\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3067\u3069\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u3069\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u6982\u5ff5(\u540c\u4f4d)\u3092\u6307\u3057\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u554f\u984c\u3084\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u8ef8\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8868\u73fe\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5(\u540d\u8a5e\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e)\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u6587\u306b\u305d\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u300c\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u300d\u300c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u30fb\u4e0b\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\u300c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u63a2\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u6587\u3068\u6b21\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3001\u6587\u306e\u8981\u7d20(\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e)\u304c\u5f62\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u53cd\u5fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u540c\u5f62\u53cd\u5fa9\u69cb\u9020\u300d\u3092\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u9055\u3044\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3001\u300c\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3001A = B \u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540c\u4f4d\u306e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u3092\u88dc\u5f37\u3057\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u8ffd\u8de1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The government implemented stringent measures to reduce carbon emissions. These [strict regulations] aim to combat environmental degradation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>stringent measures<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u6587\u3067&nbsp;<code>strict regulations<\/code>&nbsp;\u3078\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u306b\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u4f4d\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2(\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u89e3\u8aac)\u3067\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Cognitive scientists study how the human mind processes information. They investigate [the complex mental mechanisms underlying perception and memory].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>how the human mind processes information<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u6587\u3067&nbsp;<code>the complex mental mechanisms...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3078\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The pharmaceutical company developed a highly effective vaccine. On the contrary, [the new medication] demonstrated remarkable clinical success.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>vaccine<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>medication<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u88dc\u5f37\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u793a\u3059&nbsp;<code>On the contrary<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u306b\u3088\u308b\u540c\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: Many species are facing immediate extinction due to habitat loss. In other words, [we are witnessing an unprecedented decline in global biodiversity].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6587\u306e\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u6587\u3067&nbsp;<code>In other words<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b&nbsp;<code>an unprecedented decline in global biodiversity<\/code>&nbsp;\u3078\u3068\u5927\u5c40\u7684\u306b\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u306b\u3088\u308b\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u6587\u6587\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u3044\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5bfe\u7167\u6027\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u62bd\u51fa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e(however, whereas, on the other hand)\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u300c\u5bfe\u7167\u6027(\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0)\u300d\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u300c\u610f\u5473\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u300d\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u9593\u306e\u660e\u89e3\u306a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6587A\u304c&nbsp;<code>Some researchers argue that X...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3068\u304d\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u6587B\u304c&nbsp;<code>Others maintain that Y...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u9593\u306b&nbsp;<code>however<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u7121\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6587A\u3068\u6587B\u306f\u300cX vs Y\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u300c\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb(\u4f8b: \u904e\u53bb vs \u73fe\u5728\u3001\u500b\u4f53 vs \u96c6\u56e3\u3001\u4eba\u5de5 vs \u81ea\u7136)\u300d\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306f\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3078\u3068\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u30fb\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6709\u7121\u306b\u5de6\u53f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u306a\u3059\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u56f3\u5f0f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u306a\u3044\u82f1\u6587\u304b\u3089\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u56f3\u5f0f\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9023\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3(\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f)\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306a\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u3084\u5bfe\u7167\u6027(\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0)\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6587\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59(\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>traditional<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>modern<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>explicit<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>implicit<\/code>)\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9593\u306b\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ef8\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u62bd\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ef8\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u300cA \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\u3068\u300cB \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\u306e\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u56f3\u5f0f\u3092\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u3084\u8133\u5185\u306b\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u6469\u64e6\u70b9(\u8ad6\u70b9)\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3092\u6b20\u3044\u305f\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u554f\u984c\u610f\u8b58\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: Traditional agriculture relied heavily on natural weather patterns and manual labor. [Modern farming utilizes automated technology and data-driven analytics.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001<code>Traditional agriculture<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>Modern farming<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073&nbsp;<code>manual labor<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>automated technology<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb(\u904e\u53bb vs \u73fe\u5728)\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Quantitative research focuses on numerical data and statistical\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316. [Qualitative studies emphasize in-depth subjective experiences and contextual nuances.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>Quantitative<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>Qualitative<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Urban areas consume the vast majority of energy resources generated nationwide. Similarly, [rural regions produce the agricultural goods necessary to sustain city populations.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306f\u90fd\u5e02\u3068\u8fb2\u6751\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u5206\u62c5(\u6d88\u8cbb vs \u751f\u7523)\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u985e\u4f3c\u3092\u793a\u3059&nbsp;<code>Similarly<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u304c\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: While the anterior region of the brain processes immediate sensory inputs, [the posterior section is responsible for long-term memory integration].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e&nbsp;<code>While<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001<code>anterior<\/code>&nbsp;(\u524d\u90e8) \u3068&nbsp;<code>posterior<\/code>&nbsp;(\u5f8c\u90e8)\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073&nbsp;<code>immediate<\/code>&nbsp;(\u5373\u6642\u7684) \u3068&nbsp;<code>long-term<\/code>&nbsp;(\u9577\u671f) \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8ef8\u304c\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u3001\u8133\u306e\u90e8\u4f4d\u5225\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u304c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u63cf\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5bfe\u7167\u6027\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u304b\u3089\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u6839\u5e95\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u56f3\u5f0f\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16. \u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u30fb\u7406\u7531\u63d0\u793a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u5217\u306e\u8996\u5ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2(\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c)\u300d\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u6700\u3082\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u300c\u539f\u56e0 \u2192 \u7d50\u679c\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u901a\u308a\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u5217\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u7d50\u679c(\u547d\u984c) \u2192 \u539f\u56e0\u30fb\u7406\u7531(\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051)\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u5148\u884c\u578b\u300d\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u5217\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8981\u6240\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e3b\u5f35\u3084\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u307e\u305a\u63d0\u793a\u3057(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u7126\u70b9)\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u300c\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u301c\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3060\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u7531\u3084\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3044\u304f\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u5c55\u958b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u969b\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u5217\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3(\u539f\u56e0\u5148\u884c vs \u7d50\u679c\u5148\u884c)\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e(<code>because<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>so<\/code>)\u306e\u307f\u306b\u983c\u3089\u305a\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u6587\u8108\u306e\u50be\u659c\u304b\u3089\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff11. \u539f\u56e0\u5148\u884c\u578b(\u539f\u56e0 \u2192 \u7d50\u679c)\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u5148\u884c\u578b(\u7d50\u679c \u2192 \u539f\u56e0)\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u50be\u659c\u306e\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u539f\u56e0\u300d\u3068\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831(\u8db3\u5834)\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831(\u7126\u70b9)\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u50be\u659c\u306e\u5206\u6790\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u539f\u56e0\u5148\u884c\u578b(\u539f\u56e0 \u2192 \u7d50\u679c)\u300d\u306e\u914d\u5217\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3084\u5b9f\u9a13\u6761\u4ef6(\u539f\u56e0=\u65e7\u60c5\u5831)\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u5e30\u7d50\u3084\u4e8b\u614b(\u7d50\u679c=\u65b0\u60c5\u5831)\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3067\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u5148\u884c\u578b(\u7d50\u679c \u2192 \u539f\u56e0)\u300d\u306e\u914d\u5217\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3084\u9855\u8457\u306a\u73fe\u8c61(\u7d50\u679c=\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u5c0e\u5165)\u3092\u6587\u982d\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u305d\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3084\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0(\u539f\u56e0=\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u88dc\u5f37)\u3092\u8ffd\u6b4c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u5217\u306e\u50be\u659c\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u305b\u305a\u306b\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3092\u300cA \u3060\u304b\u3089 B\u300d\u3068\u4e00\u5f8b\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u3069\u3053\u306b\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4e3b\u773c(\u7126\u70b9)\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u300c\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u300d\u3067\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u300c\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4e3b\u5f35\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u5217\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8981\u7d20(\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>cause<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>result from<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>lead to<\/code>&nbsp;\u306a\u3069)\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u3069\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u300c\u539f\u56e0\u300d\u3067\u3069\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u6587\u982d(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834)\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u6587\u672b(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u7126\u70b9)\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u539f\u56e0\u5148\u884c(\u8db3\u5834:\u539f\u56e0 \u2192 \u7126\u70b9:\u7d50\u679c)\u300d\u304b\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u5148\u884c(\u7126\u70b9:\u7d50\u679c \u2192 \u88dc\u5f37:\u539f\u56e0)\u300d\u304b\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u3084\u8981\u7d04\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u5927\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5074\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u6210\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u6df1\u3044\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation damages cellular DNA, [thereby increasing the risk of skin cancer].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u539f\u56e0(<code>Prolonged exposure...<\/code>)\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u7d50\u679c(<code>increasing the risk...<\/code>)\u3092\u5206\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b(\u539f\u56e0\u5148\u884c\u578b)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The sudden collapse of the local ecosystem [was primarily caused by the introduction of an invasive predator species].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u7d50\u679c(<code>The sudden collapse...<\/code>)\u3092\u6587\u982d\u3067\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u771f\u306e\u539f\u56e0(<code>the introduction of an invasive...<\/code>)\u3092\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>by<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u3067\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u660e\u304b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b(\u7d50\u679c\u5148\u884c\u578b)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The regional economy experienced unprecedented growth over the last decade. As a result, [rising inflation forced the central bank to lower interest rates.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u534a\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u304c\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>lower interest rates<\/code>&nbsp;(\u91d1\u5229\u5f15\u304d\u4e0b\u3052) \u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u6291\u6b62\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a(\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f\u91d1\u5229\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052&nbsp;<code>raise interest rates<\/code>)\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u5e30\u7d50\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: Increased sea surface temperatures have altered global weather patterns. [This shift, in turn, has severely disrupted agricultural yields in tropical regions.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6587\u306e\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u304c\u6b21\u6587\u306e\u6587\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>This shift<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u539f\u56e0(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834)\u300d\u3078\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u679c(<code>disrupted agricultural yields<\/code>)\u3078\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u304c\u6570\u73e0\u3064\u306a\u304e\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u5217\u3068\u50be\u659c\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306b\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4e3b\u773c\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff12. \u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e(cause, lead to, result from)\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u3001<code>because<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>so<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001<code>cause<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>lead to<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>bring about<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>result from<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>attribute to<\/code>&nbsp;\u306a\u3069\u306e\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e(Causative Verbs)\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u969b\u3001\u5358\u306b\u300c\u301c\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u300d\u300c\u301c\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u548c\u8a33\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5de6\u53f3(\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e)\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u300c\u539f\u56e0(Cause)\u300d\u3067\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u300c\u7d50\u679c(Effect)\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb(\u5411\u304d)\u300d\u3092\u77ac\u9593\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001<code>A lead to B<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f&nbsp;<code>A(\u539f\u56e0) \u2192 B(\u7d50\u679c)<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u9806\u76ee\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001<code>A result from B<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f&nbsp;<code>A(\u7d50\u679c) \u2190 B(\u539f\u56e0)<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u9006\u76ee\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u554f\u984c\u3084\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u6cd5\u304c\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u300c\u9806\u76ee(S\u304c\u539f\u56e0 \u2192 O\u304c\u7d50\u679c)\u300d\u304b\u300c\u9006\u76ee(S\u304c\u7d50\u679c \u2190 O\u304c\u539f\u56e0)\u300d\u304b\u306e\u578b\u3092\u5206\u985e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e(S)\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\/\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u88dc\u8a9e(O)\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306b\u300c\u539f\u56e0\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u306e\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6587\u8108(\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u6d41\u308c)\u3068\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u793a\u3059\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5411\u304d\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306a\u3069\u3067\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u8ff7\u5b50\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The rapid expansion of urban infrastructure [has led to] a catastrophic decline in natural wildlife habitats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9806\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>has led to<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>rapid expansion<\/code>&nbsp;(\u539f\u56e0) \u304b\u3089\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>catastrophic decline<\/code>&nbsp;(\u7d50\u679c) \u3078\u306e\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb&nbsp;<code>A \u2192 B<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The severe financial crisis currently facing the automotive industry [results from] decades of mismanaged corporate investments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9006\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>results from<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>financial crisis<\/code>&nbsp;(\u7d50\u679c) \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>from<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306e&nbsp;<code>decades of mismanaged...<\/code>&nbsp;(\u539f\u56e0) \u304b\u3089\u306e\u9006\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb&nbsp;<code>A \u2190 B<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The widespread adoption of renewable energy technologies [is attributed to] the dramatic increase in fossil fuel consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9006\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u6587&nbsp;<code>is attributed to<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u300c\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u666e\u53ca\u300d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u300c\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u5287\u7684\u5897\u52a0\u300d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5b9f\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u8ad6\u7406(\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u306e\u67af\u6e07\u30fb\u9ad8\u9a30\u3084\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u304c\u518d\u751f\u30a8\u30cd\u666e\u53ca\u306e\u539f\u56e0)\u3068\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: Intensive deforestation in the Amazon basin [has brought about] significant alterations in regional precipitation patterns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9806\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>has brought about<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u68ee\u6797\u7834\u58ca(\u539f\u56e0)\u304b\u3089\u964d\u6c34\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5909\u5316(\u7d50\u679c)\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u3001\u6587\u982d\u304b\u3089\u6587\u672b\u3078\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u529b\u5f37\u304f\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5411\u304d\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u6587\u8108\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17. \u8b72\u6b69\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u30fb\u524d\u63d0\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u8996\u5ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u30fb\u8ad6\u70b9)\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u7528\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u300c\u8b72\u6b69(Concession)\u300d\u306e\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8b72\u6b69\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u610f\u898b\u3084\u53cd\u5bfe\u6d3e\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u52d5\u304b\u3057\u304c\u305f\u3044\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u4e00\u5ea6\u300c\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u524d\u63d0(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u53d7\u5bb9)\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u3081\u3064\u3064(\u300c\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u300d)\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b&nbsp;<code>but<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>however<\/code>&nbsp;\u306a\u3069\u306e\u9006\u63a5\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u631f\u3093\u3067\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35(\u300c\u3057\u304b\u3057\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d)\u3092\u9bae\u660e\u306b\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u3059\u308b\u6280\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0(Although&#8230;, It is true that&#8230;)\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u5f79\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u300c\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u5831(\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64)\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9006\u63a5\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u300c\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u60c5\u5831(\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64)\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u8981\u7d04\u3084\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff11. \u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020(Although A, B \/ It is true A, but B)\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u53d7\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u547d\u984c A \u3068 B \u306e\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027(\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2)\u300d\u3092\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8b72\u6b69\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0(<code>Although A<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Even if A<\/code>)\u3084\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0(<code>It is true that A<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Indeed A<\/code>)\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u547d\u984c A \u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u300c\u53cd\u5bfe\u6d3e\u306e\u4e88\u60f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53cd\u8ad6\u3092\u5c01\u3058\u8fbc\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u300d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u8a8d\u3081\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u306f\u8aad\u8005\u3068\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u300d\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u3084&nbsp;<code>but<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u547d\u984c B \u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834 A \u3092\u8e74\u3063\u3066\u8df3\u8e8d\u3059\u308b\u300c\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9)\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u3084\u8981\u7d04\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5358\u306b\u6587\u982d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u7531\u3067\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0 A \u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u3057\u3066\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u547d\u984c A \u304c\u3042\u305f\u304b\u3082\u7d50\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u304b\u304b\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35 B \u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u6a19\u8b58(<code>Although<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Even though<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Granted that<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>It is true that<\/code>)\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u547d\u984c A \u3092\u300c\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u5831(\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\/\u524d\u63d0)\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u7bc0\u3084\u9006\u63a5\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e(<code>but<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>yet<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>nevertheless<\/code>)\u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u547d\u984c B \u3092\u63a2\u7d22\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u300c\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u60c5\u5831(\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\/\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35)\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u547d\u984c A \u3068\u547d\u984c B \u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2(A \u3092\u8e0f\u307e\u3048\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u306e B \u306e\u5f37\u8abf)\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u3001\u9577\u6587\u306e\u8981\u7d04\u3084\u4e3b\u65e8\u628a\u63e1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u547d\u984c B \u306e\u307f\u3092\u9aa8\u683c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u30d6\u30ec\u305a\u306b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [Although early smartphones suffered from severe battery limitations], they fundamentally transformed global human communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0&nbsp;<code>Although...<\/code>&nbsp;\u5185\u306e\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u9650\u754c\u306f\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u5831(\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64)\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u300c\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u5909\u9769\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3053\u305d\u304c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u3079\u304d\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u60c5\u5831(\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64)\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: [It is true that artificial intelligence may automate routine administrative tasks]; however, it cannot replicate the complex emotional intelligence required in human leadership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u534a\u306e&nbsp;<code>It is true that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u53cd\u8ad6\u3092\u4e88\u671f\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u3081\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u524d\u63d0(\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64)\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<code>however<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u300c\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u30b7\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u3092\u8907\u88fd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u304c\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35(\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64)\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Although the new drug showed remarkable efficacy in clinical trials, patients experienced no side effects whatsoever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0&nbsp;<code>Although<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u300c\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u8457\u3057\u3044\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u7f6e\u304d\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u3067\u300c\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u5168\u304f\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5225\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u4e26\u3079\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u9006\u63a5\u30fb\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u305f\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: Granted that renewable energy sources require substantial initial capital investment, [their long-term environmental benefits far outweigh these upfront costs].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u526f\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Granted that<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u521d\u671f\u6295\u8cc7\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055(\u524d\u63d0)\u3092\u4e00\u5ea6\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3064\u3064\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u3067\u300c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u74b0\u5883\u76ca\u304c\u521d\u671f\u8cbb\u7528\u3092\u9065\u304b\u306b\u4e0a\u56de\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1(\u4e3b\u5f35)\u3092\u5f37\u529b\u306b\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u5f79\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff12. \u8b72\u6b69\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3068\u300c\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u300d\u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001<code>Although<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>It is true that<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u526f\u8a5e(<code>Indeed<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Certainly<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Admittedly<\/code>)\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e(<code>may<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>seem<\/code>), \u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e(<code>Despite<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>In spite of<\/code>)\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u30d0\u30ea\u30a8\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u4e00\u5207\u4f7f\u308f\u305a\u306b\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u6587(\u300c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u301c\u3068\u8003\u3048\u304c\u3061\u3060\u300d)\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5510\u7a81\u306b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35(\u300c\u3057\u304b\u3057\u73fe\u5b9f\u306f\u301c\u3060\u300d)\u3078\u3068\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u300c\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69(\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6 vs \u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35)\u300d\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3082\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u8b72\u6b69\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5f62\u306e\u6697\u8a18\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u300c\u4e16\u9593\u306e\u901a\u5ff5\u3084\u524d\u63d0\u3092\u4e00\u5ea6\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u30fb\u51cc\u99d5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u81ea\u8aac\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u601d\u8003\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3(\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb)\u3092\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u300d\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u65cb\u56de\u3059\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u611f\u77e5\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u8b72\u6b69\u6a19\u8b58\u3084\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u65cb\u56de\u3059\u308b\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b&nbsp;<code>Indeed<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Admittedly<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>To be sure<\/code>, \u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f&nbsp;<code>Many people believe...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u30fb\u524d\u63d0\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u300d\u3092\u884c\u3046\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5185\u5bb9(\u901a\u5ff5\u3084\u524d\u63d0)\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u300c\u5426\u5b9a\u30fb\u5236\u9650\u30fb\u51cc\u99d5\u300d\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u5411\u3051\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9006\u63a5\u6a19\u8b58(<code>but<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>yet<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>still<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>the reality is...<\/code>)\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\u3092\u5f85\u3061\u69cb\u3048\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6(\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834)\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35(\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u7126\u70b9)\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u70b9\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3069\u3053\u308d(\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7d50\u8ad6)\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u5de7\u307f\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [Admittedly], the initial implementation of the policy generated considerable confusion. [Still], the long-term economic gains have validated the government\u2019s decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e\u526f\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Admittedly<\/code>&nbsp;(\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u301c\u3060\u304c) \u306b\u3088\u308a\u6df7\u4e71\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u63d0\u304c\u8b72\u6b69\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e&nbsp;<code>Still<\/code>&nbsp;(\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u306a\u304a) \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3078\u8ad6\u7406\u304c\u65cb\u56de\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: [Many critics argue that digital technology diminishes human memory capacity]. In fact, recent neuroscientific studies suggest that it merely alters the pathways of information retrieval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>Many critics argue that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u30fb\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u300d\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001<code>In fact<\/code>&nbsp;(\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f) \u4ee5\u964d\u3067\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u8133\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: In spite of the severe economic recession, consumer spending in the luxury goods sector continued to decline rapidly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>In spite of<\/code>&nbsp;(\u301c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a) \u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3067\u300c\u666f\u6c17\u5f8c\u9000\u306a\u3089\u5f53\u7136\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u300d\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u9006\u63a5\u30fb\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u98db\u8e8d(\u301c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u4e88\u671f\u305b\u306c\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020)\u304c\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: It may appear at first glance that the two species occupy the exact same ecological niche; [a closer examination reveals subtle differences in their nocturnal hunting behaviors].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>may<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>at first glance<\/code>&nbsp;(\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u301c\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044) \u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4e00\u898b\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf(\u524d\u63d0)\u304c\u8b72\u6b69\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30bb\u30df\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u89b3\u5bdf\u7d50\u679c(\u771f\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f)\u3078\u3068\u9bae\u3084\u304b\u306b\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u79fb\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u8b72\u6b69\u6a19\u8b58\u3084\u300c\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u300d\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18. \u6bb5\u843d\u5883\u754c\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u308b\u6587\u9593\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3068\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u8ffd\u8de1\u306e\u8996\u5ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u969b\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u898b\u5931\u3044\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u304c\u300c\u6bb5\u843d\u5883\u754c\u3092\u307e\u305f\u3050\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u7e4b\u304c\u308a(\u6587\u9593\u7d50\u675f\u6027: Cohesion across Paragraphs)\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831(\u7d50\u8ad6\u3084\u7591\u554f)\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d\u3067\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831(\u8db3\u5834)\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304e\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3078\u3068\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u63a5\u5408\u90e8\u5206(\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e \u2192 \u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u306e\u304c\u3001\u6307\u793a\u8a9e(this, these, such)\u3084\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8981\u7d04\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u300c\u6307\u793a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e(\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>Such an assumption<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>This disparity<\/code>)\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u7167\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u306e\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u9577\u5927\u306a\u9577\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u7cf8\u3092\u65ad\u3061\u5207\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff11. \u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7d99\u627f(\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e \u2192 \u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d)\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u9577\u6587\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u672b\u5c3e(\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9)\u3068\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d(\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u8db3\u5834)\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u7d99\u627f(\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc)\u300d\u3092\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u610f\u8b58\u3092\u9014\u5207\u308c\u3055\u305b\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6838(\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3042\u308b\u554f\u984c\u70b9\u3084\u5b9f\u9a13\u7d50\u679c)\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u7b2c1\u6587\u306e\u6587\u982d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e\u3001\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3078\u3068\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u6bb5\u843d\u307e\u305f\u304e\u306e\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u300d\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308c\u3070\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u6574\u5e8f\u554f\u984c\u3084\u8131\u6587\u633f\u5165\u554f\u984c\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u306e\u9577\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u8aac\u660e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u3044\u6839\u62e0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u6bb5\u843d\u5883\u754c\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6539\u884c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u901a\u308a\u904e\u304e\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u5730\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6ce8\u8996\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7d99\u627f\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u76f8\u4e92\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3042\u308b\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u7d42\u3048\u305f\u969b\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300c\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831(\u6587\u672b\u306e\u7126\u70b9)\u300d\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u7559\u3081\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u7b2c1\u6587(\u7279\u306b\u6587\u982d\u304b\u3089\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u306e\u90e8\u5206)\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u6307\u793a\u8a9e(<code>This<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>These<\/code>)\u3084\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e\u4ed8\u304d\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5(<code>The problem<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Such trends<\/code>)\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u304c\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u6bb5\u843dA\u304b\u3089\u6bb5\u843dB\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5c55\u958b(\u4f8b: \u554f\u984c\u63d0\u793a \u2192 \u539f\u56e0\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8aac\u306e\u63d0\u793a \u2192 \u53cd\u8ad6\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306a\u3069)\u306e\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u9577\u5927\u306a\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u3092\u8ff7\u308f\u305a\u8ffd\u8de1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: (\u6bb5\u843d1\u672b\u5c3e)&#8230;The experiment unexpectedly revealed that the compound exhibited toxic effects on neural cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6bb5\u843d2\u5192\u982d)[This alarming discovery] prompted the research team to halt clinical trials immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6bb5\u843d1\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831&nbsp;<code>revealed that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u3001\u6bb5\u843d2\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>This alarming discovery<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3078\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: (\u6bb5\u843d1\u672b\u5c3e)&#8230;Economic inequality between urban and rural populations expanded to a record high last year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6bb5\u843d2\u5192\u982d)To bridge [this growing disparity], the central government introduced targeted tax subsidies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6bb5\u843d1\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u683c\u5dee\u62e1\u5927\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u3001\u6bb5\u843d2\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>this growing disparity<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u5bfe\u7b56\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u5c55\u958b\u3078\u63a5\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: (\u6bb5\u843d1\u672b\u5c3e)&#8230;The archaeological team excavated several golden artifacts from the ancient tomb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6bb5\u843d2\u5192\u982d)However, [a similar artifact] was discovered in a neighboring region two decades ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6bb5\u843d1\u3067\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u907a\u7269\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u6bb5\u843d2\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>a similar artifact<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u9ec4\u91d1\u88fd\u54c1\u3092\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u3050\u6587\u8108\u63a5\u7d9a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u3067\u3042\u308b(\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f&nbsp;<code>these artifacts<\/code>\u7b49\u306e\u7167\u5fdc)\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: (\u6bb5\u843d1\u672b\u5c3e)&#8230;The software company launched an innovative application designed to streamline remote communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6bb5\u843d2\u5192\u982d)[The widespread adoption of this tool] transformed corporate working habits within months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6bb5\u843d1\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u8d77\u52d5\u304c\u3001\u6bb5\u843d2\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>this tool<\/code>&nbsp;\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u666e\u53ca(<code>The widespread adoption<\/code>)\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62e1\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b21\u306a\u308b\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3078\u3068\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u5883\u754c\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u308b\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u7d99\u627f\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff12. \u6307\u793a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e+\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e(Such N \/ This N)\u306b\u3088\u308b\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u7279\u306b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300c\u6307\u793a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e(Such + \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e \/ This + \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e)\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u4f55\u884c\u306b\u3082\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u8a73\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u73fe\u8c61\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066&nbsp;<code>Such an assumption<\/code>&nbsp;(\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u524d\u63d0),&nbsp;<code>This paradoxical situation<\/code>&nbsp;(\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9006\u8aac\u7684\u72b6\u6cc1),&nbsp;<code>These methodology flaws<\/code>&nbsp;(\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u7684\u6b20\u9665)\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4e00\u5bfe\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u51dd\u7e2e(\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316)\u3057\u3066\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u9375\u306f\u3001\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e(assumption, paradox, flaw \u306a\u3069)\u300d\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u3084\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u8cbc\u308a\u300d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u3069\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u305d\u306e\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u9006\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u7a81\u304d\u6b62\u3081\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8ffd\u8de1\u6280\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001<code>Such N \/ This N<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308b\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u8cbc\u3063\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d(\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6587\u982d)\u306b&nbsp;<code>Such + \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>This + \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e(\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>dilemma<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>breakthrough<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>illusion<\/code>)\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53(\u7279\u306b\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u5206)\u3092\u898b\u8fd4\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u300c\u4e8b\u8c61\u30fb\u547d\u984c\u30fb\u72b6\u6cc1\u300d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b(\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>dilemma<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u300c\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3082\u4e0d\u5229\u76ca\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u300d\u304c\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u65b0\u5c55\u958b(\u305d\u306e\u30b8\u30ec\u30f3\u30de\u3092\u3069\u3046\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306a\u3069)\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u53d7\u4fe1\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u6587\u6587\u9593\u30fb\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u5b8c\u74a7\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: (\u524d\u6bb5\u843d)&#8230;Historians have long debated whether the revolution was driven by economic deprivation or market expansion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d)[Such persistent historiographical debates] reflect the complex multifaceted nature of the conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u300c\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u56f0\u7aae\u304b\u5e02\u5834\u62e1\u5927\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b74\u53f2\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u306e\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u8ad6\u4e89\u300d\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>Such persistent historiographical debates<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u4e8b\u306b\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: (\u524d\u6bb5\u843d)&#8230;The company increased its marketing budget by 200%, yet its total market share continued to decline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d)To resolve [this commercial paradox], the board hired an external management consultant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u300c\u4e88\u7b97\u30923\u500d\u306b\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306b\u30b7\u30a7\u30a2\u304c\u843d\u3061\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u614b\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>this commercial paradox<\/code>&nbsp;(\u3053\u306e\u5546\u696d\u7684\u9006\u8aac)\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62bd\u8c61\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5bfe\u7b56\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u3078\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: (\u524d\u6bb5\u843d)&#8230;The laboratory synthesis of the peptide required precise temperature control and rare catalysts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d)Despite [such an effortless procedure], the researchers failed to replicate the results in subsequent trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u306f\u300c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u6e29\u5ea6\u7ba1\u7406\u3068\u7a00\u5c11\u306a\u89e6\u5a92\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5927\u5909\u306a\u5408\u6210\u300d\u304c\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>such an effortless procedure<\/code>&nbsp;(\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u624b\u9593\u306e\u3044\u3089\u306a\u3044\u624b\u9806)\u3068\u771f\u9006\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u8cbc\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6307\u793a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: (\u524d\u6bb5\u843d)&#8230;The coastal city constructed massive sea walls, but rising sea levels eventually breached the barriers during the storm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d)Confronted with [this engineering failure], urban planners began advocating for managed retreat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u306e\u6c7a\u58ca\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>this engineering failure<\/code>&nbsp;(\u3053\u306e\u5de5\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u5931\u6557)\u3068\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u8a08\u753b\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3078\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001<code>Such N \/ This N<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u8cbc\u308a\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19. \u62bd\u8c61\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u8996\u5ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5(\u6bb5\u843d)\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u533a\u5207\u308a\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u304b\u3089\u5177\u4f53\u3078\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u518d\u3073\u62bd\u8c61(\u307e\u3068\u3081)\u3078\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7d71\u4e00\u3055\u308c\u305f\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u5c0f\u5b87\u5b99\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u512a\u308c\u305f\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306f\u3001\u5192\u982d(\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7b2c2\u6587)\u306b\u305d\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u4e3b\u984c\u6587(Topic Sentence)\u300d\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u30fb\u5b9f\u9a13\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30fb\u5f15\u7528\u30fb\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u8aac\u660e\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u652f\u6301\u6587(Supporting Sentences)\u300d\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u306f\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306e\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9(\u6700\u3082\u4f1d\u3048\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068)\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u652f\u6301\u6587\u306f\u305d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u88dc\u5f37\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u3069\u306e\u6587\u304c\u300c\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35(\u62bd\u8c61)\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3069\u306e\u6587\u304c\u300c\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u88dc\u8db3(\u5177\u4f53)\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u898b\u6975\u3081\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u4e3b\u65e8\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff11. \u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u62bd\u8c61(\u4e3b\u984c\u6587)\u304b\u3089\u5177\u4f53(\u652f\u6301\u6587)\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u3068\u6587\u306e\u9593\u306e\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb(\u968e\u5c64)\u300d\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u30bb\u30f3\u30b7\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306b\u611f\u77e5\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u8fd1\u304f\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u547d\u984c(Topic Sentence)\u300d\u304b\u3089\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u6587\u3067\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001\u6570\u5024\u3001\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u300d\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u3092\u4e0b\u3052\u308b(\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3059\u308b)\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u7d0d\u5f97\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001<code>General statement (\u62bd\u8c61)<\/code>&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;<code>For example \/ Specifically (\u5177\u4f53)<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5c55\u958b\u306f\u6700\u3082\u9855\u8457\u306a\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u6587(\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64)\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u969b\u306b\u300c\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5192\u982d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u88dc\u8db3\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u7d30\u90e8(\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u5358\u8a9e\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6570\u5024)\u306b\u6c17\u3092\u3068\u3089\u308c\u3066\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8981\u65e8\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u30df\u30b9\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u5192\u982d1\u301c2\u6587\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u6587\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6(\u4e3b\u5f35\u30fb\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u8ad6\u30fb\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u8868\u73fe)\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b2c3\u6587\u4ee5\u964d\u306b&nbsp;<code>For example<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>To illustrate<\/code>, \u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u3084\u6570\u5024\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u304c\u300c\u5177\u4f53(\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64)\u300d\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u5192\u982d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3092\u88dc\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u300c\u652f\u6301\u6587\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u306b\u7d10\u4ed8\u3051\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5192\u982d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u4e3b\u65e8(\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35)\u3092\u5e38\u306b\u30af\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\uff09Advances in artificial intelligence have revolutionized medical diagnostics across multiple specialties.] \uff08\u5177\u4f53\uff09In oncology, for instance, machine learning algorithms can analyze mammograms with higher accuracy than human radiologists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c1\u6587\u306e\u300cAI\u304c\u533b\u7642\u8a3a\u65ad\u3092\u9769\u547d\u5316\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u7b2c2\u6587\u304c&nbsp;<code>for instance<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u300c\u30ac\u30f3\u6cbb\u7642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30de\u30f3\u30e2\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u89e3\u6790\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u88dc\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: [\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\uff09Cultural values deeply influence consumer purchasing behaviors in subtle ways.] \uff08\u5177\u4f53\uff09A recent global survey demonstrated that European buyers prioritize environmental sustainability, whereas Asian consumers often emphasize brand reputation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c1\u6587\u306e\u300c\u6587\u5316\u4f53\u7cfb\u304c\u8cfc\u8cb7\u884c\u52d5\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u547d\u984c\u304c\u3001\u7b2c2\u6587\u306e\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u679c(\u6b27\u5dde vs \u30a2\u30b8\u30a2)\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf(\u5177\u4f53)\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \uff08\u5177\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\uff09In 1995, a small tech startup in California developed a novel search algorithm. Therefore, technological innovation is inherently unpredictable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b(1995\u5e74\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7)\u304b\u3089\u76f4\u63a5\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5c0e\u3053\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5192\u982d\u3067\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u3068\u305d\u308c\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u9038\u8131\u3057\u305f\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u3092\u6b20\u304f\u5c55\u958b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: [\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\uff09Animals utilize sophisticated communication systems that parallel human language in unexpected ways.] \uff08\u5177\u4f53\uff09Dolphins, for example, employ distinctive signature whistles to identify themselves to other members of their pod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c1\u6587\u306e\u300c\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u6d17\u7df4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4f1d\u9054\u4f53\u7cfb\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u3001\u7b2c2\u6587\u306e\u300c\u30a4\u30eb\u30ab\u306e\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u53e3\u7b1b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89b3\u5bdf\u5bfe\u8c61\u3078\u3068\u30b9\u30e0\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u3067\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u304b\u3089\u5177\u4f53\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3001\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4f8b\u793a\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff12. \u5177\u4f53(\u652f\u6301\u6587)\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u8c61(\u7d50\u8a9e\u30fb\u307e\u3068\u3081)\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u3068\u4e3b\u65e8\u306e\u78ba\u7acb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u8aac\u660e(\u652f\u6301\u6587)\u304c\u6570\u6587\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u7d9a\u3044\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6587(\u307e\u305f\u306f\u672b\u5c3e\u8fd1\u304f)\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u518d\u3073\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u307e\u3068\u3081(\u7d50\u8a9e: Concluding Sentence)\u300d\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u304c\u518d\u4e0a\u6607\u3059\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001<code>\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u5c55\u958b(\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64)<\/code>&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;<code>Thus \/ Therefore \/ In short + \u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6(\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64)<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u30dc\u30c8\u30e0\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u578b\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u306f\u3001\u5192\u982d\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587(Topic Sentence)\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3067\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u3092\u7d4c\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5f37\u56fa\u306b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u89d2\u5ea6\u304b\u3089\u518d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316(\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30c6\u30a4\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8)\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u3069\u3053\u3078\u7740\u5730\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u9577\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8981\u65e8\u628a\u63e1\u3084\u6bb5\u843d\u8981\u7d04\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6700\u3082\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u56de\u7b54\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u3092\u6349\u3048\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u65e8\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u4e2d\u76e4\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf(\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64)\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u3084\u672b\u5c3e\u4ed8\u8fd1\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f&nbsp;<code>Thus<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Therefore<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>In short<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Ultimately<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u8a9e\u6a19\u8b58\u3084\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u6587\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5192\u982d\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587(\u6700\u521d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61)\u3068\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e\u7d50\u8a9e(\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u62bd\u8c61)\u3092\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u305b\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u518d\u88dc\u5f37\u30fb\u6607\u83ef\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304b\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4e3b\u65e8(\u6838)\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u5168\u5bb9\u3092\u6f0f\u308c\u306a\u304f\u3001\u304b\u3064\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: (\u4e2d\u76e4\u30fb\u5177\u4f53)&#8230;The survey showed that 85% of remote workers reported reduced stress, while 78% indicated higher productivity. [\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u4e0a\u6607\uff09Thus, flexible working environments ultimately benefit both employee well-being and organizational efficiency.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4e2d\u76e4\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf(\u5177\u4f53)\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>Thus<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u300c\u67d4\u8edf\u306a\u52b4\u50cd\u74b0\u5883\u306f\u53cc\u65b9\u306b\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u304c\u518d\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u65e8\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: (\u4e2d\u76e4\u30fb\u5177\u4f53)&#8230;Researchers tracked the migration of monarch butterflies over three thousand miles, noting their precise orientation despite changing winds. [\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u4e0a\u6607\uff09In short, these insects possess an extraordinarily resilient innate navigation system.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6e21\u308a\u8776\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u8ffd\u8de1\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u5bdf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf(\u5177\u4f53)\u306e\u84c4\u7a4d\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>In short<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u300c\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u751f\u5f97\u7684\u30ca\u30d3\u30b2\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u6301\u3064\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7dcf\u62ec\u3078\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: (\u4e2d\u76e4\u30fb\u5177\u4f53)&#8230;The company invested heavily in renewable energy, reduced factory emissions, and eliminated single-use plastics. [\uff08\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u8a9e\uff09For instance, their headquarters installed solar panels on the roof.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u5217\u6319(\u4e2d\u76e4)\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u3067&nbsp;<code>For instance<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5225\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7d30\u90e8\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u7740\u5730\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607(\u307e\u3068\u3081)\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u4e0d\u5099\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: (\u4e2d\u76e4\u30fb\u5177\u4f53)&#8230;Experiments with primates demonstrated that individuals regularly share food resources with non-kin group members. [\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u4e0a\u6607\uff09Ultimately, these findings suggest that altruistic behavior has deep evolutionary roots.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u970a\u9577\u985e\u306e\u98df\u7269\u5171\u6709\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9f\u9a13\u4e8b\u5b9f(\u5177\u4f53)\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>Ultimately<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u300c\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u52d5\u306f\u6df1\u3044\u9032\u5316\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c4\u3092\u6301\u3064\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u3078\u3068\u898b\u4e8b\u306b\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u65e8\u3068\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u304f\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u7406:\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u5c0e\u51fa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u3084\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u7f8e\u8f9e\u9e97\u53e5\u3084\u5f37\u8abf\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u4f1d\u9054\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u304b\u3089\u6587\u672b\u3078\u3068\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u2192 \u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u50be\u659c\u306e\u539f\u5247\u304c\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u53cd\u8ee2\uff08\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\uff09\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u8b72\u6b69\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306e\u4ecb\u5728\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u89e3\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3002\u524d\u63d0\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8996\u5ea7\u5c64\u3067\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u51a0\u8a5e\u30fb\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6307\u793a\u7167\u5fdc\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u8ef8\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u529b\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u6271\u3046\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u4f5c\u52d5\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306b\u983c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u540c\u683c\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u6f14\u7b97\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u793a\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5f93\u5c5e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u5b8c\u4fee\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u3092\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3084\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u529b\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u8a9e\u9806\u5909\u5316\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a S+V+O \u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3084\u5012\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5d29\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3068\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u62c5\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u300d\u3078\u3068\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5f8c\u65b9\uff08\u6587\u672b\uff09\u3078\u8ffd\u3044\u3084\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3044\u300c\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u306a\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u300d\u3078\u3068\u6607\u83ef\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u5909\u5316\u306f\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167:[\u57fa\u790e M18-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u308b\u547d\u984c\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5316]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3084\u63a5\u7d9a\u526f\u8a5e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u8b72\u6b69\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u6587\u3068\u6587\u3092\u7e4b\u3050\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u4e2d\u6838\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u88dc\u8db3\u3084\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3065\u3051\u308b\u6a19\u8b58\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167:[\u57fa\u790e M20-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M17-\u7d71\u8a9e]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u30fb\u7701\u7565\u7b49\u306e\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u57fa\u790e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M21-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u984c\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u3068\u547d\u984c\u691c\u8a3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u8a9e\u9806\u9006\u8ee2\u3068\u5f37\u8abf\u30fb\u5012\u7f6e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u7834\u58ca\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3084\u5012\u7f6e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u4f5c\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u8981\u8acb\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u610f\u8b58\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3078\u96c6\u5165\u3055\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3001\u524d\u6587\u3068\u306e\u6587\u8108\u7684\u65ad\u7d76\u3092\u9632\u3044\u3060\u308a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u306e\u8981\u8acb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u624b\u9806\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9650\u754c\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3057\u3001\u5909\u5247\u7684\u306a\u69cb\u6587\u304b\u3089\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u8a9e\u9806\u9006\u8ee2\uff08\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u30fb\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\uff09\u304c\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u30d0\u30ea\u30a8\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a00\u8aac\u7a7a\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u300d\u3068\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u300d\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5f37\u5236\u7684\u306b\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u767a\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a S+V+O \u8a9e\u9806\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u304c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3001\u6587\u672b\u304c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7a4f\u3084\u304b\u306a\u50be\u659c\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u300c\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u3092\u5f37\u529b\u306b\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u306b\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u305f\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u6a5f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5168\u306b\u9665\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5012\u7f6e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u5f37\u70c8\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5236\u7d04\uff08\u5426\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u4e88\u671f\u3092\u30ea\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u3078\u3068\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u300c\u885d\u6483\u7684\u306a\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\uff08<code>It is X that ...<\/code>\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u8aad\u8005\u3068\u306e\u5171\u901a\u524d\u63d0\uff08that \u4ee5\u964d = \u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff08X = \u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3066 X \u306e\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u4e38\u6697\u8a18\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6392\u3057\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u5909\u5316\u304c\u3069\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3001\u3069\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u50be\u659c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u3092\u542b\u3080\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u30fb\u53d7\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u6587\u982d\u524d\u7f6e\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u30fb\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u5192\u982d\u914d\u7f6e\u3001<code>It is<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\uff09\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u8a9e\u9806\u304b\u3089\u306e\u9038\u8131\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f&nbsp;<code>It is<\/code>&nbsp;\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u631f\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u3069\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u3044\u3067\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4ed6\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\uff08\u5012\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u90e8\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u4ee5\u964d\uff09\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u300c\u5171\u901a\u524d\u63d0\u300d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9069\u7528\u9650\u754c\u3068\u4f8b\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u898b\u6975\u3081\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u304c\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306b\u300c\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8ef8\u300d\u3084\u300c\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u305f\u524d\u63d0\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u5b64\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u5358\u72ec\u306e\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5f37\u5f15\u306b\u5012\u7f6e\u3084\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u305b\u305a\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\uff08\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\uff09\u3068\u533a\u5225\u304c\u3064\u304b\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5f8c\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u306b\u3088\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u9577\u5927\u3055\u56de\u907f\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\uff09\u3068\u6587\u982d\u524d\u7f6e\u304c\u7af6\u5408\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u304c\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u5316\uff08\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff09\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304b\u300c\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u8996\u8a8d\u6027\u5411\u4e0a\uff08\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff09\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u9451\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: Among the primary causes of species extinction, [habitat fragmentation generated by industrial development poses the most immediate threat].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>Among the primary causes...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5168\u4f53\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b&nbsp;<code>habitat fragmentation...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Seldom [does a technological breakthrough alter the fundamentally established paradigm of human communication so rapidly].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Seldom<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u8a98\u767a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6587\u982d\u3067\u5f37\u3044\u5426\u5b9a\u9650\u5b9a\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u6280\u8853\u7684\u98db\u8e8d\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u793e\u4f1a\u3092\u5909\u9769\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u885d\u6483\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3067\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: It was [through the rigorous implementation of randomized controlled trials], rather than theoretical modeling alone, that the medical researchers validated the efficacy of the novel compound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u3088\u308a&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\uff08\u52b9\u80fd\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\uff09\u3092\u5171\u901a\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3001<code>through the rigorous implementation...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3092\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f37\u70c8\u306b\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: Seldom a technological breakthrough alters the fundamentally established paradigm of human communication so rapidly, which surprised many sociologists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>Seldom<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u5012\u7f6e\uff08<code>does a...<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u4f5c\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f\u5012\u7f6e\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u5f62\uff09\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u9006\u8ee2\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3068\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5909\u5247\u7684\u306a\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3068\u524d\u63d0\u5206\u96e2\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5012\u7f6e\u3084\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u5f37\u8abf\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u300d\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u89e3\u91c8\u3084\u8981\u7d04\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u63a1\u70b9\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u6e80\u8db3\u3055\u305b\u308b\u7b54\u6848\u306f\u4f5c\u6210\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u8aad\u8005\u3068\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff08Given\/Background\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u4ed6\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3044\u771f\u306e\u6838\uff08Focus\/New\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u968e\u5c64\u3078\u3068\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587&nbsp;<code>It is X that Y<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001<code>that Y<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3059\u3067\u306b\u81ea\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3067\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u610f\u8b58\u306b\u4e0a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u300d\u3078\u3068\u964d\u683c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066&nbsp;<code>It is<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u9593\u306b\u653e\u308a\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20 X \u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u300cY \u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306f\u4ed6\u306a\u3089\u306c X \u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001Z \u3084 W \u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u529b\u5b66\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u305f\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u7126\u5143\u300d\u3078\u3068\u683c\u4e0a\u3052\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u4f53\u3092\u884c\u308f\u305a\u306b\u548c\u8a33\u3084\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3068\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u6f2b\u7136\u3068\u8a33\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u305f\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u3053\u307c\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3068\u524d\u63d0\u5206\u96e2\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u6790\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001<code>It is\/was<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u526f\u8a5e\uff09\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u631f\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20 X \u304c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u683c\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u300c\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u5171\u6709\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u3084\u8133\u5185\u3067\u62ec\u5f27\u306b\u5165\u308c\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u88ab\u5f37\u8abf\u8a9e X \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u4ed6\u306a\u3089\u306c X \u3053\u305d\u304c\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u9078\u629e\u306e\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3057\u3001\u524d\u63d0 Y \u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8981\u56e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3055\u305b\u3066\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u3069\u3053\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u78ba\u3055\u3067\u5207\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9069\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u9650\u754c\u3068\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587&nbsp;<code>It is Adj that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>It is N that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u8a8d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001<code>It is clear that S V<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001<code>clear<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u88ab\u5f37\u8abf\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u914d\u5206\u306f\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u771f\u9006\uff08\u6587\u672b\u306b\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u5185\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u524d\u6587\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3068\u5168\u304f\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u521d\u51fa\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u306f\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u5f62\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u524d\u63d0\u5206\u96e2\u304c\u6a5f\u80fd\u305b\u305a\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6587\u982d\u306e\u5370\u8c61\u3065\u3051\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u5909\u5247\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u65e2\u77e5\u6027\u3068\u69cb\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u4e21\u9762\u304b\u3089\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u884c\u308f\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: It is [not the abundance of natural resources], but [the efficiency of institutional governance], that determines the long-term economic prosperity of a developing nation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u300c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u7e41\u6804\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u3001<code>not A, but B<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u3092&nbsp;<code>It is<\/code>&nbsp;\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067\u5f37\u70c8\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u5316\uff09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Only when the initial hypotheses were rigorously tested against empirical data [did the physicists realize the fundamental flaw in their mathematical model].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9650\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0&nbsp;<code>Only when...<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u6587\u982d\u524d\u7f6e\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u3067&nbsp;<code>did S V<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u300c\u6570\u7406\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u6839\u5e79\u7684\u6b20\u9665\u306b\u6c17\u3065\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u885d\u6483\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3067\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u306b\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: It is true that the government implemented strict environmental regulations to reduce industrial emissions, which satisfied many ecological activists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>It is true that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\uff08\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u63d0\u793a\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066&nbsp;<code>true<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\uff08\u8b72\u6b69\u2192\u9006\u63a5\uff09\u3092\u8aa4\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002(\u69cb\u6587\u8aa4\u8a8d\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: Never in the history of archaeological science [had a single discovery provided such comprehensive insight] into the daily life of ancient civilizations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Never<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>had<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>a single discovery<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u8a98\u767a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5168\u6b74\u53f2\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u8108\u3092\u6587\u982d\u3067\u5426\u5b9a\u9650\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u767a\u898b\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u77e5\u898b\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u6027\u3092\u6587\u672b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u3084\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u60c5\u5831\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5206\u96e2\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u53d7\u4fe1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u306a\u8996\u8a8d\u6027\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u4f1d\u9054\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u6027\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u91cd\u304f\u9577\u3044\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u7bc0\u3084\u9577\u3044\u53e5\uff09\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300c\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\uff08End-Weight\uff09\u539f\u5247\u300d\u3092\u5f37\u304f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3078\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u300c\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\u300d\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u4f5c\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u6587\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u7d20\u65e9\u304f\u898b\u629c\u3044\u3066\u9577\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u56f2\u3044\u8fbc\u3080\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20\uff08It\/it\uff09\u306e\u4ecb\u5728\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8efd\u91cf\u6587\u982d\u5f62\u6210\u3068\u6587\u672b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u3084\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\uff08\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u9593\uff09\u306b\u9577\u5927\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u308b\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u306e\u5897\u5927\u300d\u3068\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u50be\u659c\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u300d\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6587\u982d\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3084\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3059\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306b\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3092\u6d88\u8cbb\u3057\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306e\u628a\u63e1\u304c\u8457\u3057\u304f\u9045\u5ef6\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a73\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u982d=\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3044\u3046\u539f\u5247\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u6ed1\u3089\u304b\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u963b\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20&nbsp;<code>It\/it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u30db\u30eb\u30c0\u30fc\uff08\u30c0\u30df\u30fc\u306e\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4eee\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\uff08SV \/ SVOC\uff09\u3092\u5148\u884c\u3057\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u771f\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u91cd\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3078\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3059\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u8a33\u3055\u306a\u3044 it\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u3092\u8efd\u304f\u4fdd\u3061\u3001\u6587\u672b\u3078\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u96c6\u7d04\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5de5\u592b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u542b\u3080\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>\uff08\u7279\u306b\u7b2c 5 \u6587\u578b SVOC \u3092\u53d6\u308b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f8c\uff09\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u6307\u3059\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u306a\u3044\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u7591\u3046\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\uff08<code>It is adjective\/noun<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>S + V + it + C<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u7d20\u65e9\u304f\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u3001<code>to<\/code>&nbsp;\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001<code>wh-<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\uff09\u3092\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\uff08\u533a\u5207\u308a\u62bd\u51fa\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\uff08\u8a55\u4fa1\u3084\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u63d0\u793a\uff09\u3068\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u91cd\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u547d\u984c\uff09\u3092\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u9023\u7d50\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u4f8b\u5916\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5883\u754c\u306e\u5224\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u524d\u6587\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u53ef\u7b97\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u6307\u3059\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>The proposal was submitted. It was considered revolutionary.<\/code>\uff09\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u7bc0\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u6587\u69cb\u9020\uff08<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u7b49\u306e\u6709\u7121\uff09\u3068\u610f\u5473\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u304c\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5206\u96e2\u69cb\u6587\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>S + V + M + O<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3068\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u7af6\u5408\u5834\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306e\u6709\u7121\u304c\u69cb\u9020\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u5206\u5c90\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [It] has been convincingly argued by contemporary economists [that sustained investment in human capital yields higher long-term returns than physical infrastructure development].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u3092\u524a\u304e\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9577\u5927\u306a&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\uff08\u4eba\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u3078\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff09\u3092\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9bae\u660e\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The rapid digitisation of financial transactions made [it] imperative for regulatory authorities [to establish comprehensive cybersecurity frameworks].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u631f\u3093\u3067 SVOC \u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u5148\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3001\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u9577\u3044\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08\u30b5\u30a4\u30d0\u30fc\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\uff09\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3078\u8ffd\u3044\u3084\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u660e\u78ba\u5316\u3068\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u5f37\u8abf\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The committee considered it, which had been thoroughly revised by the research team, necessary to postpone the final decision until the next meeting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u4fee\u98fe\uff08\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff09\u3092\u6df7\u5165\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001SVOC \u9aa8\u683c\u304c\u5d29\u58ca\u3057\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u306b\u53cd\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f&nbsp;<code>considered it necessary to postpone...<\/code>\uff09\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: [It] remains an open question among evolutionary biologists [whether the observed behavioral adaptations are genetically inherited or culturally transmitted].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u304b\u3089\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>whether<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\uff08\u907a\u4f1d\u304b\u6587\u5316\u4f1d\u9054\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672a\u89e3\u6c7a\u306e\u554f\u3044\uff09\u3092\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u3078\u3068\u8a98\u5c0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u8efd\u91cf\u6587\u982d\u3068\u6587\u672b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u9577\u5927\u306a\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u542b\u3080\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u672b\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20\u69cb\u6587\uff08<code>It...that<\/code>&nbsp;\/&nbsp;<code>make it C to do<\/code>\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6587\u672b\u3078\u8ffd\u3044\u3084\u3089\u308c\u305f\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u7bc0\u3092\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\uff08\u610f\u5473\u306e\u584a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5207\u308a\u51fa\u3057\uff09\u3057\u3001\u6587\u8108\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u4f5c\u696d\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u304a\u3088\u3073\u548c\u8a33\u4f5c\u6210\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u64cd\u4f5c\u624b\u9806\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u7bc0\u3084\u53e5\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u300c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u4e2d\u8eab\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u4f1d\u9054\u30fb\u958b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3044\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\uff08\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\uff09\u300d\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6587\u982d\u306e&nbsp;<code>It is + \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\/\u540d\u8a5e<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u300c\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>imperative<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>uncertain<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>a misconception<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3092\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u8db3\u5834\uff08Given\uff09\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u89e3\u8aad\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u771f\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u5207\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u3092\u300c[\u6587\u672b\u306e\u547d\u984c] \u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001[\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1] \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u50be\u659c\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u3067\u6349\u3048\u76f4\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u6587\u672b\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u611f\u77e5\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304a\u3088\u3073\u88dc\u8a9e\u30fb\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\uff08<code>is + Adj \/ V + C<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3092\u4eee\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>whether<\/code>, \u7591\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>wh-<\/code>, \u4e0d\u5b9a\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>to<\/code>, \u52d5\u540d\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>-ing<\/code>&nbsp;\u306a\u3069\u306e\u300c\u771f\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u6a19\u8b58\u300d\u3092\u6355\u7372\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7bc0\u30fb\u53e5\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u5de8\u5927\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\uff08\u56f2\u3044\u8fbc\u307f\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a55\u4fa1\u5c5e\u6027\u3068\u3001\u6587\u672b\u3067\u56f2\u3044\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u771f\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u5408\u4f53\u3055\u305b\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u7b49\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u7126\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6587\u672b\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\u3067\u6700\u3082\u529b\u5f37\u304f\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u7b54\u6848\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u5883\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u88dc\u8a9e C \u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b\u3001\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u304c\u6df7\u5165\u3059\u308b\u8907\u96d1\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001<code>S + V + it + C + [for NP] + to do<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>S + V + it + C + [in order to NP] + that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u771f\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u526f\u8a5e\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u631f\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u5730\u70b9\u3092\u8aa4\u308b\u3068\u610f\u5473\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u5d29\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u304c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u540c\u683c\u7bc0\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u524d\u6587\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u5224\u5225\u3092\u6587\u8108\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u304b\u3089\u614e\u91cd\u306b\u884c\u308f\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The research team made [it] clear to the international scientific community [that the newly synthesized material demonstrated superconductivity at room temperature].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u88dc\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>clear<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u9593\u306b\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>to the international...<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u631f\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6587\u672b\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3001\u300c\u5e38\u6e29\u8d85\u96fb\u5c0e\u306e\u793a\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\u300d\u3092\u6700\u5927\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: [It] should be regarded as a matter of great concern [how rapidly the loss of biodiversity is accelerating in tropical rainforests].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u67a0\u7d44\u307f&nbsp;<code>should be regarded as...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u5148\u884c\u3055\u305b\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>how<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\uff08\u71b1\u5e2f\u96e8\u6797\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u55aa\u5931\u306e\u52a0\u901f\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u3092\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9bae\u660e\u306b\u5207\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The government found it difficult, because of the political instability in the region, that the trade agreement could be ratified before the end of the fiscal year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c 5 \u6587\u578b&nbsp;<code>find it C<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001<code>find it + Adj + to do<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u7bc0\u3092\u76f4\u7d50\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u53cd\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f&nbsp;<code>to ratify...<\/code>&nbsp;\u307e\u305f\u306f&nbsp;<code>found that...<\/code>\uff09\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: [It] remains entirely plausible [that future quantum computing architectures will render current encryption algorithms obsolete].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1&nbsp;<code>remains entirely plausible<\/code>\uff08\u6975\u3081\u3066\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3060\uff09\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u9577\u3044&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\uff08\u6697\u53f7\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u7121\u52b9\u5316\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u30fb\u5c06\u6765\u4e88\u6e2c\u3092\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u306e\u6700\u524d\u7dda\u3078\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u6587\u672b\u306e\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u3068\u771f\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u540c\u683c\u8868\u73fe\u30fb\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u540c\u4f4d\u547d\u984c\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u5225\u306e\u89d2\u5ea6\u304b\u3089\u88dc\u8db3\u30fb\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300c\u540c\u683c\u8868\u73fe\uff08Apposition\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u3001\u540c\u683c\u8a18\u53f7\u3084\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08A = B\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u30fb\u540c\u683c\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3067\u306f\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u96e3\u89e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u6587\u3084\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308a\u8eab\u8fd1\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u300c\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\uff08\u540c\u683c\uff09\u300d\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002\u3053\u306e\u540c\u683c\u30fb\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u91cd\u8907\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u8868\u73fe A\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u8868\u73fe B\u300d\u3092\u30a4\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\uff08A = B\uff09\u3067\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u88dc\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u540c\u683c\u3092\u8868\u3059\u8a18\u53f7\uff08\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u3001\u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u3001\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u3001<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\uff09\u3084\u3001\u540c\u683c\u3092\u793a\u3059\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\uff08<code>that is to say<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>namely<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>in other words<\/code>\uff09\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u6a19\u8b58\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u306e\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u4e00\u5bfe\u4e00\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u8a33\u306b\u56fa\u57f7\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3092\u3084\u3081\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3067\u3069\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u3069\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540c\u4f4d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u540c\u683c\u30fb\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u540c\u683c\u8a18\u53f7\uff08\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u3084\u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\uff09\u3084\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u6a19\u8b58\uff08<code>in other words<\/code>&nbsp;\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u8868\u73fe\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001<code>that<\/code>\u7bc0\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6b21\u6587\uff09\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u524d\u63b2\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u3069\u306e\u5074\u9762\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u30fb\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300cA\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\uff09= B\uff08\u5177\u4f53\uff09\u300d\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u96e3\u89e3\u8a9e\u5f59 A \u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u540c\u683c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u5e73\u6613\u306a\u8868\u73fe B \u304b\u3089\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u4f4d\u76f8\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u540c\u683c\u306e\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u3068\u300c\u633f\u5165\u30fb\u4e26\u5217\u306e\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u300d\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u304c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u5217\u6319\uff08A, B, and C\uff09\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u88dc\u8db3\u7684\u306a\u633f\u5165\u53e5\uff08M\uff09\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u771f\u306e\u540c\u683c\uff08A = B\uff09\u306a\u306e\u304b\u306f\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u54c1\u8a5e\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3068\u610f\u5473\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u6027\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u8868\u73fe B \u304c\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 C\uff09\u3092\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306b\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3053\u307e\u3067\u304c\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u540c\u4f4d\uff08A = B\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3069\u3053\u304b\u3089\u304c\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\uff08B \u2192 C\uff09\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The company introduced a novel system of [agile management] \u2014 [an organizational framework that prioritizes flexibility and rapid iterative responses over rigid long-term planning].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u9577\u3044\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u3001\u524d\u63b2\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>agile management<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u30fb\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08A = B\uff09\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Neuroscientists are studying [neuroplasticity], [that is, the brain\u2019s remarkable capacity to reorganize its neural pathways in response to environmental learning].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u6a19\u8b58&nbsp;<code>that is<\/code>\uff08\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\uff09\u3092\u631f\u3093\u3067\u3001<code>neuroplasticity<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u8a9e\u304c\u3001\u8133\u306e\u518d\u7de8\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u8aac\u660e\u3078\u3068\u5e73\u6613\u306b\u540c\u4f4d\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The government adopted stringent fiscal austerity measures, in other words, they substantially increased public spending across all infrastructure projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>in other words<\/code>\uff08\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308c\u3070\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u300c\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ca1\u653f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u516c\u5171\u652f\u51fa\u306e\u8457\u3057\u3044\u5897\u52a0\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u9006\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u540c\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u304c\u5d29\u58ca\u3057\u305f\u7834\u7dbb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: The research team focused on [epigenetics] \u2014 [how environmental factors can modify gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u4ee5\u964d\u306e&nbsp;<code>how<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u304c\u3001\u524d\u63b2\u306e\u5b66\u8853\u7528\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>epigenetics<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3066\u540c\u4f4d\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6587\u8108\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u540c\u683c\u8868\u73fe\u3084\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u542b\u3080\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u305d\u306e\u771f\u610f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6355\u6349\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u540c\u683c\u8a18\u53f7\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u6a19\u8b58\u306b\u3088\u308b\u672a\u77e5\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6f14\u7b97\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5b66\u8853\u7528\u8a9e\u3084\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3092\u88dc\u3044\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u305d\u306e\u8a9e\u7fa9\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6700\u3082\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u601d\u8003\u6cd5\u304c\u300c\u540c\u4f4d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08A = B\uff09\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u624b\u9806\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5b66\u8853\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306e\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u672a\u77e5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e A \u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u3092\u62c5\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u540c\u683c\u306e\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\uff08<code>:<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\uff08<code>\u2014<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\uff08<code>,<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u540c\u683c\u306e&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>\u7bc0\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f&nbsp;<code>namely<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>in effect<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>or<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u540c\u683c\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u5f59\u3084\u5177\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u8aac\u660e\u53e5 B \u306b\u3088\u308b\u300c\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u300d\u3092\u5fc5\u305a\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e A \u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u884c\u3046\u3079\u304d\u8a8d\u77e5\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u611f\u6027\u3067\u60f3\u50cf\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306a\u540c\u683c\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u3066\u3053\u306b\u3057\u3066\u300cA = B \u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7b97\u8853\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u7acb\u3066\u3001B \u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e A \u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7f6e\u63db\u30fb\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u69cb\u6587\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u969c\u5bb3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u30fb\u6982\u5ff5 A \u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u307e\u305f\u306f\u524d\u5f8c\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u540c\u683c\u6a19\u8b58\uff08\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u3001\u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u3001\u540c\u683c&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u3001\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\uff09\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u540c\u683c\u6a19\u8b58\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066 A \u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u9023\u7d50\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u88dc\u8db3\u8981\u7d20 B\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\uff09\u3092\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3001B \u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u5f59\u304b\u3089\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300cA \u306e\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u610f\u5473 = B \u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u53ef\u80fd\u5185\u5bb9\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e A \u3092 B \u306e\u5e73\u6613\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u3078\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u4ee3\u5165\u30fb\u7f6e\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\uff08SVO \u3084\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff09\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u76f4\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u7406\u89e3\u306e\u969c\u58c1\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4e8b\u614b\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u6ce8\u610f\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4f8b\u5916\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u540c\u683c\u8a18\u53f7\u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\uff08<code>\u2014<\/code>\uff09\u3084\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\uff08<code>:<\/code>\uff09\u304c\u300c\u540c\u4f4d\uff08\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\uff09\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u8a73\u8ff0\uff08\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u63d0\u793a\uff08\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4f8b\u793a\u306e\u5217\u6319\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5909\u5247\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001<code>A : B<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 B \u304c A \u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001A \u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u539f\u56e0\u3084\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u7d71\u8a08\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5358\u306b&nbsp;<code>A = B<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u7f6e\u63db\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\uff08\u62bd\u8c61 vs \u5177\u4f53\u3001\u539f\u56e0 vs \u7d50\u679c\uff09\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306e\u307f\u306b\u4f9d\u62e0\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001A \u3068 B \u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u300c\u8868\u73fe\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u304c\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u7b49\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540c\u4f4d\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u3092\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5fc5\u9808\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The ecosystem is threatened by [eutrophication] \u2014 [a process where water bodies receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672a\u77e5\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u7528\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>eutrophication<\/code>\uff08\u5bcc\u6804\u990a\u5316\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u4ee5\u964d\u306e&nbsp;<code>a process where...<\/code>\uff08\u904e\u5270\u306a\u6804\u990a\u5206\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u690d\u7269\u304c\u7570\u5e38\u7e41\u8302\u3059\u308b\u904e\u7a0b\uff09\u3092\u540c\u4f4d\u8868\u73fe B \u3068\u3057\u3066\u9023\u7d50\u3057\u3001<code>A = B<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u304b\u3089\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The court delivered a ruling on [the doctrine of stare decisis], [namely, the legal principle that judges are obliged to respect the precedents established by prior decisions].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u7531\u6765\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7528\u8a9e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066&nbsp;<code>namely<\/code>\uff08\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\uff09\u304c\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3001\u540c\u683c\u306e&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u3092\u542b\u3080\u8aac\u660e B\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5224\u4f8b\u3092\u5c0a\u91cd\u3059\u308b\u7fa9\u52d9\uff09\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u540c\u4f4d\u4ee3\u5165\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6cd5\u7406\u5ff5\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The socio-biologist advocated the theory of reciprocal altruism, namely, individuals within a group strictly compete with one another for limited food resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>namely<\/code>\uff08\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u98df\u7269\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u6fc0\u3057\u304f\u596a\u3044\u5408\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u5229\u5df1\u7684\u7af6\u4e89\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u540c\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f&nbsp;<code>A = B<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u7834\u7dbb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: The cognitive scientist studied [synesthesia], [a neurological condition in which stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to involuntary experiences in a second sensory pathway].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u540c\u683c\u306e\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u3092\u631f\u3093\u3067\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>synesthesia<\/code>\uff08\u5171\u611f\u899a\uff09\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u75c5\u7406\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5 B\uff08\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u611f\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u304c\u5225\u306e\u611f\u899a\u4f53\u9a13\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u795e\u7d4c\u72b6\u614b\uff09\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7f6e\u63db\u6f14\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u540c\u683c\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u305f\u540c\u4f4d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u7acb\u3066\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u672a\u77e5\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u305d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u660e\u793a\u30fb\u6697\u9ed9\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3068\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u304c\u3001\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\uff08Contrast\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\u3084\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u901a\u5ff5\u3092\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306b\u4e26\u5217\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\uff08<code>however<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>whereas<\/code>\uff09\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u5bfe\u7167\u6027\u3084\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u308b\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u56f3\u5f0f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5bfe\u7167\u6027\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u5b64\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u5bfe\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ef8\uff09\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u304c\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u3084\u7126\u70b9\uff08Focus\uff09\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u30fb\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u8981\u8acb\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u306f\u3001<code>A whereas B<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>On the one hand A, on the other hand B<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587A\u3068\u6587B\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u578b\uff09\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300c\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5bfe\u7167\u6027\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\uff09\u300d\u3084\u3001\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\u8a9e\uff08<code>individual<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>collective<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>explicit<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>implicit<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u30fb\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ef8\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u6839\u5e95\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\uff08A vs B\uff09\u306e\u6469\u64e6\u70b9\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3044\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u64c1\u8b77\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6587\u306e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u6f14\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u542b\u3080\u82f1\u6587\u304b\u3089\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u56f3\u5f0f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9023\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u3084\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\uff08\u4f8b: \u904e\u53bb vs \u73fe\u5728\u3001\u7406\u8ad6 vs \u5b9f\u8df5\uff09\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6587\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u6982\u5ff5 A\u300d\u3068\u300c\u6982\u5ff5 B\u300d\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u9593\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ef8\uff08\u4f8b: \u300cA \u306f X \u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001B \u306f Y \u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u62bd\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u56f3\u5f0f\uff08A vs B\uff09\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u76f8\u9055\u70b9\u306e\u5217\u6319\u300d\u3068\u300c\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u306a\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u300d\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u5358\u306b\u4e26\u5217\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\uff08\u4f8b: A \u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3068 B \u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306e\u5e73\u6613\u306a\u7d39\u4ecb\uff09\u3068\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u4e00\u65b9\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u30fb\u51cc\u99d5\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u305f\u6226\u7565\u7684\u5bfe\u6bd4\uff08\u4f8b: \u65e7\u8aac A \u306e\u6b20\u9665\u3068\u65b0\u8aac B \u306e\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\uff09\u306f\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u306f\u985e\u4f3c\u3057\u3066\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3082\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u898b\u6975\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59\uff08<code>superior<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>flawed<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>inadequate<\/code>&nbsp;\u7b49\uff09\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: Quantitative research methods rely heavily on numerical data to establish generalizable statistical patterns; [qualitative approaches, by contrast, focus on in-depth contextual interpretation of individual human experiences].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u6a19\u8b58&nbsp;<code>by contrast<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001<code>Quantitative<\/code>\uff08\u91cf\u7684\uff09vs&nbsp;<code>qualitative<\/code>\uff08\u8cea\u7684\uff09\u3001<code>numerical data<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>contextual interpretation<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ef8\u304c\u5e73\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u304c\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Early industrial machinery operated on simple mechanical principles that required continuous human oversight. [Modern automated systems utilize complex algorithmic software capable of autonomous self-correction.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001<code>Early...<\/code>\uff08\u904e\u53bb\uff09vs&nbsp;<code>Modern...<\/code>\uff08\u73fe\u5728\uff09\u3001<code>simple mechanical<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>complex algorithmic<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u306e\u5bfe\u7167\u6027\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Urban centers consume the vast majority of nationally generated energy. Similarly, rural agricultural communities produce the food supplies necessary to sustain city populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u90fd\u5e02\u3068\u8fb2\u6751\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u5206\u62c5\uff08\u6d88\u8cbb vs \u751f\u7523\uff09\u3092\u63cf\u304d\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u985e\u4f3c\u3092\u793a\u3059&nbsp;<code>Similarly<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u304c\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: While traditional economic models assume that human actors always make perfectly rational decisions, [behavioral economics demonstrates that cognitive biases systematically distort real-world financial choices].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\u306e&nbsp;<code>While<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\uff08<code>rational<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>cognitive biases<\/code>\uff09\u304c\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\uff08\u524d\u63d0\uff09\u3068\u884c\u52d5\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306e\u5b9f\u8a3c\uff08\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u304c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u63cf\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5bfe\u7167\u6027\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u304b\u3089\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6f14\u7b97\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u306a\u3059\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u56f3\u5f0f\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u5bfe\u6bd4\u8ef8\uff08\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u56f3\u5f0f\uff09\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u306e\u5224\u5225\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\uff08A vs B\uff09\u304c\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u8ad6\u7406\u6f14\u7b97\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306f\u3069\u3061\u3089\u5074\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001A \u3068 B \u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u5747\u7b49\u306a\u91cd\u307f\u3067\u5e73\u884c\u7dda\u3092\u305f\u3069\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u7a00\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u6982\u5ff5 A \u3092\u300c\u4e16\u9593\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u901a\u5ff5\u300d\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u53e4\u3044\u5b66\u8aac\u300d\u300c\u5206\u6790\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u5f79\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u65b9\u306e\u6982\u5ff5 B \u3092\u300c\u81ea\u8aac\u300d\u300c\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u77e5\u898b\u300d\u300c\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u4f1d\u9054\u3057\u305f\u3044\u771f\u306e\u547d\u984c\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8ef8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u306f\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u5f79\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044 A\u300d\u3092\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u5931\u70b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u9665\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u56f3\u5f0f\u304b\u3089\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u62bd\u51fa\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304b\u3089\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8a9e\u30fb\u8a55\u4fa1\uff09\u3092\u629c\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u300c\u6982\u5ff5 A\uff08\u4f8b: \u4eba\u5de5\u77e5\u80fd\u306e\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u6982\u5ff5 B\uff08\u4f8b: \u4eba\u9593\u306e\u76f4\u611f\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u6027\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\uff08\u904e\u53bb A vs \u73fe\u5728\/\u672a\u6765 B\uff09\u300d\u300c\u8996\u70b9\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6 A vs \u7b46\u8005\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u8996\u70b9 B\uff09\u300d\u300c\u8a55\u4fa1\u8a9e\uff08\u9650\u754c\u30fb\u6b20\u9665\u306e\u3042\u308b A vs \u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u30fb\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064 B\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9006\u63a5\u6a19\u8b58\uff08<code>however<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>but<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>nevertheless<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u901a\u904e\u70b9\u3084\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u7740\u5730\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6982\u5ff5 B \u3092\u300c\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u5225\u624b\u9806\u306e\u904b\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9650\u754c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u4e8c\u91cd\u5bfe\u6bd4\u300d\u3084\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u88dc\u5b8c\u578b\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u300cA \u306b\u3082 B \u306b\u3082\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u5229\u70b9\u3068\u9650\u754c\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u771f\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u7d71\u5408 C \u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u8ad6\uff08\u6b62\u63da\u30fb\u30d8\u30fc\u30b2\u30eb\u7684\u5f01\u8a3c\u6cd5\uff09\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u306f A \u3067\u3082 B \u3067\u3082\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u5305\u542b\u3059\u308b\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u6982\u5ff5 C \u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5f37\u5f15\u306b A \u304b B \u304b\u306e\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7740\u5730\u70b9\u304c\u300c\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u52dd\u5229\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300c\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u7d50\u672b\u90e8\u5206\u304b\u3089\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: Many critics feared that digital reading devices would completely replace traditional printed books. However, [recent empirical studies indicate that physical mediums offer distinct cognitive advantages for deep textual comprehension].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>Many critics feared...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\uff08\u6982\u5ff5 A\uff09\u3092\u80cc\u666f\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3001<code>However<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u300c\u7d19\u306e\u66f8\u7c4d\u304c\u6301\u3064\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u306e\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\uff08\u6982\u5ff5 B\uff09\u300d\u3092\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Whereas classical Newtonian physics modeled the universe as a deterministic machine, [quantum mechanics revealed an inherent element of probabilistic uncertainty at the subatomic level].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0&nbsp;<code>Whereas...<\/code>&nbsp;\u5185\u306e\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff08\u6982\u5ff5 A\uff09\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u5f79\u3068\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\uff08\u6982\u5ff5 B\uff09\u3092\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3044\u771f\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Classical economic theories emphasized the self-correcting mechanisms of free markets. Similarly, modern behavioral economists argue that market forces are regularly disrupted by irrational human psychology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\uff08\u6982\u5ff5 A\uff09\u3068\u884c\u52d5\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\uff08\u6982\u5ff5 B\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u5bfe\u7acb\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u8abf\u7bc0 vs \u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\uff09\u3092\u63cf\u304d\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u985e\u4f3c\u3092\u793a\u3059&nbsp;<code>Similarly<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8ef8\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: Genetic factors undeniably lay the biological foundation for human intelligence; nevertheless, [environmental enrichment during early childhood plays a far more decisive role in determining cognitive development].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u8981\u56e0\uff08\u6982\u5ff5 A\uff09\u3092\u8b72\u6b69\u7684\u306b\u8a8d\u3081\u3064\u3064\u3001<code>nevertheless<\/code>\uff08\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\uff09\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u3001\u5e7c\u5150\u671f\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8c4a\u304b\u3055\uff08\u6982\u5ff5 B\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u56e0\u3092\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f37\u529b\u306b\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u6839\u5e95\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u5f79\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u9806\u76ee\u30fb\u9006\u76ee\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u50be\u659c\u306e\u6790\u51fa\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u300d\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u9aa8\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u300c\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\/\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u2192 \u7d50\u679c\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\/\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9806\u76ee\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u4e8b\u5b9f\/\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u2190 \u539f\u56e0\uff08\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\/\u88dc\u5f37\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9006\u76ee\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u6975\u3081\u3066\u591a\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3084\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5411\u304d\uff08\u9806\u76ee vs \u9006\u76ee\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4e3b\u773c\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9806\u76ee\u30fb\u9006\u76ee\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u50be\u659c\u306e\u5206\u6790\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u6700\u5927\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u300cA \u3068 B \u306e\u9593\u306b\u56e0\u679c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u300c\u539f\u56e0\uff08Cause\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u300c\u7d50\u679c\uff08Effect\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u65b9\u5411\uff08<code>A \u2192 B<\/code>&nbsp;\u307e\u305f\u306f&nbsp;<code>A \u2190 B<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u78ba\u5b9f\u3055\u3067\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f&nbsp;<code>because<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>therefore<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001<code>cause<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>lead to<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>bring about<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>result from<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>attribute to<\/code>&nbsp;\u306a\u3069\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5411\u304d\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u62b1\u3048\u3001\u7279\u306b\u6642\u9593\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u8a66\u9a13\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u305f\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u9006\u8ee2\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u9665\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u9806\u76ee\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb&nbsp;<code>A lead to B<\/code>\uff08A \u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067 B \u304c\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u3068\u9006\u76ee\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb&nbsp;<code>A result from B<\/code>\uff08A \u304c\u7d50\u679c\u3067 B \u304c\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u91cd\u307f\uff08\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9006\u8ee2\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe\uff08\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u526f\u8a5e\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\uff09\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u9806\u76ee\uff08\u539f\u56e0 S \u2192 \u7d50\u679c O:&nbsp;<code>lead to<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>cause<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>bring about<\/code>\uff09\u304b\u9006\u76ee\uff08\u7d50\u679c S \u2190 \u539f\u56e0 O:&nbsp;<code>result from<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>attribute to<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>be caused by<\/code>\uff09\u304b\u306e\u578b\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff08S\uff09\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\/\u88dc\u8a9e\uff08O\uff09\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u547d\u984c\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u306b\u300c\u539f\u56e0\u300d\u3001\u4ed6\u65b9\u306b\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u77e2\u5370\u306e\u5411\u304d\u3092\u8996\u899a\u7684\u30fb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u306b\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u300c\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u8db3\u5834\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u300d\u304b\u3089\u6587\u672b\u306e\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u300d\u3078\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u7a76\u660e\u306b\u4e3b\u773c\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff08\u9006\u76ee\u578b\uff09\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u91cd\u5927\u6027\u306b\u4e3b\u773c\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff08\u9806\u76ee\u578b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u968e\u5c64\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9069\u7528\u9650\u754c\u3068\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3092\u660e\u77ad\u306b\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001<code>A is correlated with B<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>A is associated with B<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u53cc\u65b9\u5411\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff08A &#x2194; B\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u76f8\u95a2\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u5f37\u5f15\u306b\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u8df3\u8e8d\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3067\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u7559\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9650\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u610f\u5473\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>The reduction of X brought about Y<\/code>\uff09\u306f\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u547d\u984c\uff08\u300cX \u304c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u300d\uff09\u3078\u89e3\u4f53\u30fb\u9084\u5143\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6f14\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: Prolonged atmospheric droughts in arid regions [have brought about] a catastrophic depletion of subterranean water reserves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9806\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>have brought about<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>Prolonged atmospheric droughts...<\/code>\uff08\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u304b\u3089\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>a catastrophic depletion...<\/code>\uff08\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u3078\u306e\u9806\u76ee\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff08A \u2192 B\uff09\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u67af\u6e07\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The unprecedented surge in urban migration across developing economies [results primarily from] the persistent stagnation of agricultural productivity in rural provinces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9006\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe&nbsp;<code>results primarily from<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>unprecedented surge...<\/code>\uff08\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>from<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306e&nbsp;<code>persistent stagnation...<\/code>\uff08\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u304c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8fb2\u6751\u90e8\u306e\u751f\u7523\u6027\u505c\u6ede\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The dramatic increase in global carbon emissions is attributed to the widespread adoption of renewable energy technologies across industrial sectors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9006\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u6587&nbsp;<code>is attributed to<\/code>\uff08A \u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306f B \u306b\u5e30\u305b\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff09\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u300c\u70ad\u7d20\u6392\u51fa\u91cf\u306e\u5287\u7684\u5897\u52a0\u300d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u300c\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u6280\u8853\u306e\u666e\u53ca\u300d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8ad6\u7406\uff08\u518d\u751f\u30a8\u30cd\u666e\u53ca\u306f\u6392\u51fa\u6e1b\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\uff09\u3068\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: Intensive deforestation along the river basin [has led directly to] severe soil erosion, which in turn triggered devastating downstream floods during the monsoon season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9806\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>has led directly to<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u300c\u68ee\u6797\u7834\u58ca\uff08\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u2192 \u571f\u58cc\u4fb5\u98df\uff08\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4e00\u6b21\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b&nbsp;<code>triggered<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u300c\u571f\u58cc\u4fb5\u98df\uff08\u539f\u56e02\uff09\u2192 \u6d2a\u6c34\uff08\u7d50\u679c2\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u6b21\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3078\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u304c\u9396\u72b6\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5411\u304d\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56e0\u679c\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u539f\u56e0\u30fb\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u691c\u77e5\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u554f\u984c\u3084\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u591a\u7528\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u304c\u300c\u672c\u6587\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5de7\u5999\u306b\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>deforestation<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>climate change<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u8a18\u61b6\u3084\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u30de\u30c3\u30c1\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u305f\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u300d\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u4e26\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u7531\u3060\u3051\u3067\u9006\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u8aa4\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\uff08SVO \u3084\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\uff09\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u5f0f\uff08Cause\/Effect \u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff09\u3078\u3068\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u691c\u77e5\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u305d\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300cS=\u539f\u56e0, O=\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u7fa4\uff08<code>cause<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>enable<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>trigger<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>induce<\/code>\uff09\u3068\u3001\u300cS=\u7d50\u679c, O=\u539f\u56e0\u300d\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u7fa4\uff08<code>stem from<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>derive from<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>be traced to<\/code>\uff09\u306b\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5927\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u691c\u77e5\u306e\u6c7a\u3081\u624b\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u691c\u77e5\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8a2d\u554f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u300c[\u539f\u56e0 A] \u2192 [\u7d50\u679c B]\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c[\u7d50\u679c B] \u2190 [\u539f\u56e0 A]\u300d\u306e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3066\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u3084\u8133\u5185\u306b\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff08S \u3068 O \u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\uff09\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\uff08[\u7d50\u679c A] \u2192 [\u539f\u56e0 B]\uff09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u56e0\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u7b54\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u691c\u77e5\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4f8b\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u304b\u3089\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3078\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u5909\u63db\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u53cd\u8ee2\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u9806\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>cause<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u53d7\u52d5\u614b&nbsp;<code>B is caused by A<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u300c\u7d50\u679c B\u300d\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001<code>by<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306b\u300c\u539f\u56e0 A\u300d\u304c\u56de\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u9006\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08<code>result from<\/code>\uff09\u3068\u540c\u3058\u914d\u7f6e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u7d50\u679c S \u2190 \u539f\u56e0 O\uff09\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u300c\u614b\uff08Voice\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5909\u63db\u304c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5411\u304d\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u5165\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u540d\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>The cause of B was A<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>The effect of A on B<\/code>\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540d\u8a5e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>of<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>on<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u793a\u3059\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08<code>cause of [\u7d50\u679c]<\/code>&nbsp;\/&nbsp;<code>effect of [\u539f\u56e0] on [\u7d50\u679c]<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u9451\u5225\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The researchers demonstrated that [microplastic pollution in marine environments] (A) [stems from] [the widespread breakdown of synthetic commercial packaging] (B).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9006\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>stems from<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u300c\u6d77\u6d0b\u306e\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u6c5a\u67d3\uff08\u7d50\u679c B\uff09\u2190 \u5408\u6210\u5305\u88c5\u8cc7\u6750\u306e\u5206\u89e3\uff08\u539f\u56e0 A\uff09\u300d\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff08B \u2190 A\uff09\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Synthetic commercial packaging breakdown is primarily caused by the accumulation of microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f8b1\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u300c\u5408\u6210\u5305\u88c5\u306e\u5206\u89e3\uff08\u539f\u56e0 A\uff09\u304c\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u6c5a\u67d3\uff08\u7d50\u679c B\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9006\u8ee2\uff08A \u2190 B\uff09\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The widespread adoption of remote working technologies [has induced] [a significant reduction in commercial office space demand across major metropolitan areas].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9806\u76ee\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>has induced<\/code>\uff08\u301c\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u300c\u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u6280\u8853\u306e\u666e\u53ca\uff08\u539f\u56e0 A\uff09\u2192 \u30aa\u30d5\u30a3\u30b9\u9700\u8981\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\uff08\u7d50\u679c B\uff09\u300d\u306e\u9806\u76ee\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff08A \u2192 B\uff09\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: The significant reduction in commercial office space demand across major metropolitan areas [is attributable to] [the widespread adoption of remote working technologies].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f8b3\u3068\u540c\u3058\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587&nbsp;<code>is attributable to<\/code>\uff08\u7d50\u679c A is attributable to \u539f\u56e0 B\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u300c\u7d50\u679c A \u2190 \u539f\u56e0 B\u300d\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306f\u4f8b3\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16. \u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u3068\u4e3b\u793a\u547d\u984c\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u30fb\u8ad6\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u591a\u7528\u3059\u308b\u300c\u8b72\u6b69\uff08Concession\uff09\u300d\u306e\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u968e\u5c64\u3078\u3068\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u88c5\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u4f5c\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3068\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff11. \u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020\uff08Although A, B \/ It is true A, but B\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u8aac\uff08\u547d\u984c B\uff09\u3092\u5358\u72ec\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u5f53\u7136\u62b1\u304f\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u53cd\u8ad6\u3084\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08\u547d\u984c A\uff09\u3092\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u300c\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8e0f\u307e\u3048\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u304c\u3001\u8a00\u8aac\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u6027\u3068\u8aac\u5f97\u529b\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8aac\u5f97\u6226\u7565\u4e0a\u306e\u8981\u8acb\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0\uff08<code>Although A<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Even though A<\/code>\uff09\u3084\u8b72\u6b69\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\uff08<code>It is true that A<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Indeed A<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u547d\u984c A \u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\/\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9006\u63a5\u6a19\u8b58\uff08<code>but<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>however<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>yet<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>nevertheless<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3084\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u547d\u984c B \u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834 A \u3092\u8e74\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3044\u300c\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\/\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u7531\u3060\u3051\u3067\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0 A \u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u8981\u7d04\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u88dc\u8db3\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7b54\u6848\u306e\u6838\u3068\u3057\u3066\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u72af\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35 B \u306e\u307f\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u542b\u3080\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u547d\u984c B \u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u8b72\u6b69\u6a19\u8b58\uff08<code>Although<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Even if<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Granted that<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>It is true that<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Admittedly<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u547d\u984c A \u5168\u4f53\u3092\u300c\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\/\u524d\u63d0\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u62ec\u5f27\u306b\u5165\u308c\u3066\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u9006\u63a5\u6a19\u8b58\uff08<code>but<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>yet<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>however<\/code>\uff09\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u958b\u59cb\u5730\u70b9\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u547d\u984c B \u3092\u300c\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\/\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u547d\u984c A\uff08\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u5f79\uff09\u3068\u547d\u984c B\uff08\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5dee\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u56f3\uff08A &lt; B\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8981\u7d04\u3084\u8981\u65e8\u9078\u629e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u547d\u984c B \u306e\u307f\u3092\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u4f8b\u5916\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u91cd\u7573\u300d\u3084\u300c\u518d\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u767a\u751f\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001<code>Although A, B<\/code>\uff08A \u3060\u304c B \u3060\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b&nbsp;<code>though C<\/code>\uff08C \u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u304c\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u306a\u8b72\u6b69\u304c\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u591a\u91cd\u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u7bc0\u304c\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u7bc0 B \u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08SV \u306e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u304b\u3089\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0 A \u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u5225\u8ad6\u70b9\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001A \u304c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u5f79\u306b\u7559\u307e\u3089\u306a\u3044\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3064\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [Although early electric vehicles suffered from severe driving range limitations] (A), [recent breakthroughs in solid-state battery technology have fundamentally positioned them as the dominant paradigm for sustainable urban transportation] (B).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0&nbsp;<code>Although...<\/code>&nbsp;\u5185\u306e\u521d\u671f EV \u306e\u822a\u7d9a\u8ddd\u96e2\u306e\u5236\u9650\uff08\u547d\u984c A\uff09\u306f\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u300c\u5168\u56fa\u4f53\u96fb\u6c60\u6280\u8853\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u90fd\u5e02\u4ea4\u901a\u306e\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u5316\u300d\uff08\u547d\u984c B\uff09\u3053\u305d\u304c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u3079\u304d\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: [It is true that automated algorithmic trading increases market liquidity in normal economic conditions] (A); however, [it systematically amplifies systemic volatility during periods of acute financial panic] (B).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u534a\u306e&nbsp;<code>It is true that...<\/code>\uff08\u547d\u984c A\uff09\u306f\u5e02\u5834\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u63d0\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u8db3\u5834\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<code>however<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u300c\u91d1\u878d\u6050\u614c\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u7684\u5909\u52d5\u6027\u306e\u5897\u5e45\u300d\uff08\u547d\u984c B\uff09\u304c\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Although automated algorithmic trading systematically amplifies systemic volatility during financial panics, it undeniably increases market liquidity in normal economic conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f8b2\u3068\u540c\u3058\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u6271\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0\u3068\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u65e8\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u300c\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u6df7\u4e71\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u300d\u304b\u3089\u300c\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u306e\u5897\u52a0\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u8981\u7d04\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: [Granted that initial capital costs for solar infrastructure remain substantial] (A), [the marginal cost of renewable energy generation approaches zero over the operational lifecycle of the facility] (B).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u526f\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Granted that<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u521d\u671f\u6295\u8cc7\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\uff08\u524d\u63d0 A\uff09\u3092\u4e00\u5ea6\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3064\u3064\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u3067\u300c\u904b\u7528\u671f\u9593\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u9650\u754c\u8cbb\u7528\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\uff08\u4e3b\u5f35 B\uff09\u3092\u5f37\u529b\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u5f79\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u5207\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff12. \u591a\u69d8\u306a\u8b72\u6b69\u6a19\u8b58\u3068\u300c\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u300d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001<code>Although<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>It is true that<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5b66\u6821\u6587\u6cd5\u3067\u7fd2\u3046\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\uff08<code>Indeed<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Certainly<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Admittedly<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08<code>may<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>seem<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\uff08<code>Despite<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>In spite of<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u306e\u63d0\u793a \u2192 \u6279\u5224\u300d\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u30d0\u30ea\u30a8\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u3067\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u8b72\u6b69\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3092\u4e00\u5207\u4f7f\u308f\u305a\u306b\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u5ff5\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u6587\uff08\u300c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306f\u301c\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u304d\u305f\u300d\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7a81\u7136&nbsp;<code>In reality<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>However<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u300c\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u301c\u3092\u793a\u3059\u300d\uff09\u3078\u3068\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u300c\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6 vs \u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u300d\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\uff08Pivot Point\uff09\u3092\u611f\u77e5\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u304c 180 \u5ea6\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6c17\u3065\u304b\u305a\u3001\u524d\u534a\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u3092\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3060\u3068\u932f\u899a\u3057\u305f\u307e\u307e\u8aad\u307f\u9032\u3081\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u8b72\u6b69\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u7db2\u7f85\u7684\u306b\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u304b\u3089\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u81ea\u8aac\u3078\u3068\u65cb\u56de\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f&nbsp;<code>Admittedly<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>To be sure<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Indeed<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>May S V<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>At first glance<\/code>, \u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f&nbsp;<code>It is widely believed that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u300c\u524d\u63d0\u30fb\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u6a19\u8b58\u300d\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u524d\u63d0\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3067\u53cd\u8ad6\u3084\u5236\u9650\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e88\u671f\uff08\u300c\u3057\u304b\u3057\u73fe\u5b9f\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u3044\uff09\u3092\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u9006\u63a5\u6a19\u8b58\uff08<code>however<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>yet<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>nevertheless<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>in fact<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>the reality is<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\u5730\u70b9\u3092\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u5883\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u526f\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Indeed<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>Certainly<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u5358\u306b\u5f37\u610f\u30fb\u88dc\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u300c\u78ba\u4fe1\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u306e\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>A is true. Indeed, A is very important.<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8868\u73fe\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002<code>Indeed<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u9006\u63a5\uff08<code>but<\/code>\uff09\u304c\u7d9a\u304b\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u88dc\u5f37\u3067\u3042\u308a\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\u306f\u751f\u3058\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u526f\u8a5e\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3060\u3051\u306b\u53cd\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306b\u9006\u63a5\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8ef8\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u300c\u8b72\u6b69\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u300c\u540c\u4f4d\u306e\u88dc\u5f37\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [Admittedly], the implementation of carbon pricing mechanisms introduces temporary compliance costs for heavy industries. [Still], [these fiscal tools provide the only viable market signal capable of driving economy-wide decarbonization].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e\u526f\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Admittedly<\/code>\uff08\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u301c\u3060\u304c\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7523\u696d\u754c\u306e\u8cbb\u7528\u8ca0\u62c5\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u63d0\u304c\u8b72\u6b69\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e&nbsp;<code>Still<\/code>\uff08\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u306a\u304a\uff09\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8131\u70ad\u7d20\u5316\u306b\u5411\u3051\u305f\u5e02\u5834\u4fe1\u53f7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff08\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u3078\u8ad6\u7406\u304c\u65cb\u56de\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: [For decades, mainstream economists assumed that financial markets naturally self-regulate through rational agent interactions]. [In fact], [empirical observations of market anomalies demonstrate that irrational herd behavior regularly destabilizes asset prices].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>For decades, mainstream economists assumed that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u901a\u5ff5\u306e\u63d0\u793a\uff08\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001<code>In fact<\/code>\uff08\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\uff09\u304c\u5f37\u70c8\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u96c6\u56e3\u5fc3\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u5316\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u53cd\u8ad6\uff08\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3078\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u79fb\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Indeed, the implementation of carbon pricing mechanisms introduces temporary compliance costs for heavy industries. Therefore, governments must immediately abolish all carbon taxation to protect corporate profitability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>Indeed<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u7523\u696d\u8ca0\u62c5\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3067&nbsp;<code>Therefore<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u300c\u3060\u304b\u3089\u70ad\u7d20\u7a0e\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5ec3\u6b62\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3060\u300d\u3068\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\u3068\u5e30\u7d50\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u304c\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: It [may] appear at first glance that quantum computers will render classical silicon chips entirely obsolete within a decade; [a closer examination of hardware scaling bottlenecks reveals that hybrid classical-quantum architectures will predominate for the foreseeable future].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>may<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>at first glance<\/code>\uff08\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u301c\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\uff09\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u304c\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u30bb\u30df\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u89b3\u5bdf\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5b9a\u7740\uff09\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u771f\u306e\u5c06\u6765\u4e88\u6e2c\u3092\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u8b72\u6b69\u6a19\u8b58\u3084\u300c\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u300d\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u65cb\u56de\u3059\u308b\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6355\u6349\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17. \u6bb5\u843d\u5883\u754c\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u308b\u6587\u9593\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3068\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u306e\u7167\u5fdc\u6f14\u7b97\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u969b\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u5931\u901f\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u304c\u300c\u6bb5\u843d\u5883\u754c\u3092\u307e\u305f\u3050\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u7e4b\u304e\u76ee\uff08\u6587\u9593\u7d50\u675f\u6027: Cohesion across Paragraphs\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u4e3b\u984c\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u7d50\u8ad6\u3084\u63d0\u8d77\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ab2\u984c\uff09\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d\u3067\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304e\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5de8\u8996\u7684\u306a\u8b70\u8ad6\u3078\u3068\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u3092\u8de8\u3044\u3067\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u7167\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u9577\u5927\u306a\u9577\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u7cf8\u3092\u65ad\u3061\u5207\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff11. \u6bb5\u843d\u5883\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7d99\u627f\uff08\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e\u2192\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\uff09\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u9577\u6587\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\uff08\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\uff09\u3068\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d\uff08\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u306e\u9593\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6570\u73e0\u3064\u306a\u304e\uff08\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8108\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u9014\u5207\u308c\u3055\u305b\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u3067\u5230\u9054\u3057\u305f\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6838\uff08\u4f8b: \u3042\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u4e88\u60f3\u5916\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3084\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u554f\u984c\u70b9\u306e\u6d6e\u4e0a\uff09\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u7b2c 1 \u6587\u306e\u6587\u982d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>the<\/code>, \u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>this \/ these<\/code>, \u307e\u305f\u306f\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u3078\u3068\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u6bb5\u843d\u307e\u305f\u304e\u306e\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u300d\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308c\u3070\u3001\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u6574\u5e8f\u554f\u984c\u3084\u8131\u6587\u633f\u5165\u554f\u984c\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u6bb5\u843d\u76f8\u4e92\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8aac\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u6bb5\u843d\u5883\u754c\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u898b\u305f\u76ee\u306e\u6539\u884c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u901a\u308a\u904e\u304e\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3078\u3068\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u63a5\u5408\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6ce8\u8996\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7d99\u627f\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\uff08\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\uff09\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u300c\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u5185\u5bb9\u300d\u3092\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u61b6\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u7b2c 1 \u6587\uff08\u7279\u306b\u6587\u982d\u304b\u3089\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u306e\u8981\u7d20\uff09\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u6307\u793a\u8868\u73fe\uff08<code>This<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>These<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>The + \u540d\u8a5e<\/code>\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3068\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u306e\u53d7\u5bb9\u8868\u73fe\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u304c\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u300c\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u306e\u5230\u9054\u70b9\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u2192 \u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5c55\u958b\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7d50\u5408\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u8d77\u3068\u89e3\u6c7a\u3001\u8aac\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u3068\u53cd\u8ad6\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7a81\u5982\u3068\u3057\u305f\u8a71\u984c\u8ee2\u63db\uff08Topic Shift\uff09\u300d\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u4e00\u65e6\u5b8c\u4e86\u3055\u305b\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>Turning now to...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>In contrast to the previous discussion...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8ee2\u63db\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u5168\u304f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e\u304b\u3089\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7d99\u627f\u306f\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6bb5\u843d\u5883\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5f37\u5f15\u306b\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e\u3068\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u5408\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u8aa4\u8aad\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u306b\u8a71\u984c\u8ee2\u63db\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u5916\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: (\u6bb5\u843d 1 \u672b\u5c3e)&#8230; The clinical trials unexpectedly demonstrated that the synthetic compound induced severe hepatotoxicity in a minority of patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6bb5\u843d 2 \u5192\u982d) [This adverse biological reaction] forced the pharmaceutical team to suspend phase-three development and re-evaluate the drug&#8217;s molecular structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6bb5\u843d 1 \u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831&nbsp;<code>induced severe hepatotoxicity...<\/code>\uff08\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u809d\u6bd2\u6027\u306e\u8a98\u767a\uff09\u304c\u3001\u6bb5\u843d 2 \u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>This adverse biological reaction<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u306e\u6709\u5bb3\u306a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u53cd\u5fdc\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3078\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u3001\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: (\u6bb5\u843d 1 \u672b\u5c3e)&#8230; Archaeological excavations at the coastal site unearthed several highly sophisticated bronze ornaments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6bb5\u843d 2 \u5192\u982d) However, a similar bronze ornament was discovered in an inland cave system three decades ago by a French team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6bb5\u843d 1 \u3067\u6398\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7279\u5b9a\u51fa\u571f\u54c1\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u6bb5\u843d 2 \u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>a similar bronze ornament<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u9752\u9285\u5668\u7fa4\u3092\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u3050\u6bb5\u843d\u63a5\u5408\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306f&nbsp;<code>these bronze artifacts<\/code>&nbsp;\u7b49\u306e\u65e2\u77e5\u7167\u5fdc\uff09\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: (\u6bb5\u843d 1 \u672b\u5c3e)&#8230; Central banks across developed economies raised interest rates rapidly to curb persistent inflationary pressures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6bb5\u843d 2 \u5192\u982d) [The macroeconomic consequence of this monetary tightening] was an immediate contraction in consumer credit and residential housing markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6bb5\u843d 1 \u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u5229\u4e0a\u3052\u65ad\u884c\u304c\u3001\u6bb5\u843d 2 \u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>this monetary tightening<\/code>&nbsp;\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff08<code>The macroeconomic consequence...<\/code>\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53d7\u5bb9\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u6e1b\u9000\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b21\u306a\u308b\u65b0\u5c55\u958b\u3078\u63a5\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: (\u6bb5\u843d 1 \u672b\u5c3e)&#8230; The software firm developed an advanced machine-learning algorithm capable of predicting supply chain disruptions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6bb5\u843d 2 \u5192\u982d) [The widespread commercial deployment of this predictive tool] allowed global logistics corporations to reduce inventory buffer costs significantly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6bb5\u843d 1 \u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u958b\u767a\u304c\u3001\u6bb5\u843d 2 \u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>this predictive tool<\/code>&nbsp;\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u666e\u53ca\uff08<code>The widespread commercial deployment...<\/code>\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62e1\u5927\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u8db3\u5834\u3078\u3068\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3001\u696d\u754c\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3078\u6ed1\u3089\u304b\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u5883\u754c\u3092\u307e\u305f\u3050\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u7d99\u627f\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u9577\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u65ad\u7d76\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff12. \u6307\u793a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff0b\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\uff08Such N \/ This N\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bb5\u843d\u5883\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6587\u9593\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u5ea6\u304b\u3064\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u88c5\u7f6e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300c\u6307\u793a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e + \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\uff08<code>Such + N<\/code>&nbsp;\/&nbsp;<code>This + N<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u4f55\u884c\u306b\u3082\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u8a73\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u5b9f\u9a13\u624b\u9806\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u7d4c\u7def\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u4e89\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066&nbsp;<code>Such an assumption<\/code>\uff08\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u524d\u63d0\uff09\u3001<code>This paradoxical phenomenon<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9006\u8aac\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff09\u3001<code>These methodological shortcomings<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u7684\u6b20\u9665\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4e00\u5bfe\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u51dd\u7e2e\uff08\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\uff09\u3057\u3066\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u9375\u306f\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\uff08<code>assumption<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>paradox<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>shortcoming<\/code>&nbsp;\u7b49\uff09\u300d\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5206\u985e\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u300d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u5358\u306b\u300c\u3053\u306e\u301c\u300d\u3068\u8a33\u3059\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u3069\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u305d\u306e\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u9006\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e&nbsp;<code>Such N \/ This N<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308b\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6587\u982d\uff09\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f&nbsp;<code>Such + \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>This + \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e<\/code>\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>This disparity<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Such skepticism<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u6301\u3064\u8a9e\u6cd5\u30fb\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4f55\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a55\u4fa1\u304b\uff09\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53\uff08\u7279\u306b\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u547d\u984c\u7fa4\uff09\u3092\u898b\u8fd4\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u300c\u4e8b\u8c61\u30fb\u547d\u984c\u30fb\u72b6\u6cc1\u300d\u3092\u56f2\u3044\u8fbc\u307f\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>disparity<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u300c\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6570\u5024\u3084\u72b6\u6cc1\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u8457\u3057\u3044\u683c\u5dee\u300d\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u304b\u3089\u63a2\u3059\uff09\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u304c&nbsp;<code>\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0 = \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e N<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u305d\u306e\u683c\u5dee\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u304b\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u53d7\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u300c\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u8cbc\u308a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\uff08\u8aa4\u89e3\uff09\u300d\u306e\u767a\u751f\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u6210\u679c\uff08\u4f8b: \u7d20\u6674\u3089\u3057\u3044\u767a\u898b\uff09\u304c\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u3092&nbsp;<code>This tragedy<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>Such a failure<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6307\u793a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u304c\u4ed8\u3055\u308c\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u30dd\u30b8\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\/\u30cd\u30ac\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306e\u6975\u6027\uff08Polarity\uff09\u3068\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4e8b\u614b\u306e\u6975\u6027\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u9069\u5408\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: (\u524d\u6bb5\u843d)&#8230; Climatologists have debated for decades whether oceanic circulation shifts precede or follow atmospheric temperature spikes during glacial transitions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d) [Such persistent paleoclimate controversies] underscore the profound difficulty of isolating cause and effect in complex earth systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u300c\u6d77\u6d0b\u5faa\u74b0\u3068\u5927\u6c17\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u8ad6\u4e89\u300d\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>Such persistent paleoclimate controversies<\/code>\uff08\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u53e4\u6c17\u5019\u5b66\u4e0a\u306e\u8ad6\u4e89\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u4e8b\u306b\u62bd\u8c61\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: (\u524d\u6bb5\u843d)&#8230; The pharmaceutical firm invested over one billion dollars in the clinical trial, yet the therapeutic efficacy of the candidate drug was statistically indistinguishable from a placebo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d) To recover from [this commercial and scientific setback], the executive board restructured its entire research and development division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u300c10\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u6295\u3058\u305f\u306e\u306b\u507d\u85ac\u3068\u5909\u308f\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u614b\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>this commercial and scientific setback<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u306e\u5546\u696d\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u632b\u6298\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62bd\u8c61\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u518d\u7de8\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u5c55\u958b\u3078\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: (\u524d\u6bb5\u843d)&#8230; The laboratory synthesis of the novel polymer required extremely high pressure, rare catalysts, and precise temperature regulation over several weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d) Despite [such an effortless and straightforward procedure], the engineering team failed to manufacture the material at an industrial scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u300c\u9ad8\u5727\u30fb\u7a00\u5c11\u89e6\u5a92\u30fb\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5236\u5fa1\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5927\u5909\u306a\u5408\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u300d\u304c\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>such an effortless and straightforward procedure<\/code>\uff08\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u624b\u9593\u306e\u304b\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u624b\u9806\uff09\u3068\u771f\u9006\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u8cbc\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6307\u793a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u304c\u5d29\u58ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: (\u524d\u6bb5\u843d)&#8230; The coastal municipality constructed extensive reinforced sea walls, but rising sea levels accompanied by storm surges breached the defenses and inundated the downtown district.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d) Confronted with [this catastrophic engineering failure], urban planners abandoned traditional containment strategies in favor of managed retreat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u6c7a\u58ca\u3068\u6d78\u6c34\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>this catastrophic engineering failure<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u306e\u58ca\u6ec5\u7684\u306a\u5de5\u5b66\u7684\u5931\u6557\uff09\u3068\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u8a08\u753b\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3078\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001<code>Such N \/ This N<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3059\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u8cbc\u308a\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304d\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u304f\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18. \u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u4e3b\u65e8\u6c7a\u5b9a\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\uff08\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u898b\u305f\u76ee\u306e\u533a\u5207\u308a\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u304b\u3089\u5177\u4f53\u3078\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u518d\u3073\u62bd\u8c61\uff08\u307e\u3068\u3081\uff09\u3078\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\uff08Hierarchy of Abstraction\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5c55\u958b\uff08\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\uff09\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u3069\u306e\u6587\u304c\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3069\u306e\u6587\u304c\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u88dc\u8db3\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u4e3b\u65e8\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff11. \u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\uff08\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff09\u304b\u3089\u5177\u4f53\uff08\u652f\u6301\u6587\uff09\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u8b58\u5225\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u3068\u6587\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff08\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u30bb\u30f3\u30b7\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306b\u611f\u77e5\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u512a\u308c\u305f\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u8fd1\u304f\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u547d\u984c\uff08Topic Sentence \/ \u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff09\u300d\u304b\u3089\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u6587\u3067\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001\u6570\u5024\u3001\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u7d50\u679c\uff08Supporting Sentences \/ \u652f\u6301\u6587\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u3092\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\uff08\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u7d0d\u5f97\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u306f\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306e\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u6700\u3082\u4f1d\u3048\u305f\u3044\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u652f\u6301\u6587\u306f\u305d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u8a00\u8aac\u7a7a\u9593\u306b\u5b9a\u7740\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u88dc\u5f37\u300d\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u306e\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u6587\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u969b\u306b\u300c\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5192\u982d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\uff08\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u5c02\u9580\u8a9e\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6570\u5024\uff09\u306b\u6c17\u3092\u53d6\u3089\u308c\u3066\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8981\u65e8\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u5931\u70b9\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u5192\u982d 1\u301c2 \u6587\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u547d\u984c\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u8ad6\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u6709\u7121\uff09\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u4eee\u306e\u300c\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff08Topic Sentence\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b2c 3 \u6587\u4ee5\u964d\u306b&nbsp;<code>For example<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Specifically<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>To illustrate<\/code>, \u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u5e74\u4ee3\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>In 2015<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u5148\u304c\u300c\u5177\u4f53\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u300d\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u3001\u5192\u982d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u306e\u5404\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u306b\u7d10\u4ed8\u3051\u3001\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b X \u306f\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35 Y \u306e\u3069\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u5883\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u5192\u982d\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u6587\uff08Hook \/ \u8db3\u5834\uff09\u304b\u3089\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u79fb\u52d5\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u7b2c 1 \u6587\u304c\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3084\u9038\u8a71\uff08\u5177\u4f53\uff09\u304b\u3089\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u7b2c 2 \u6587\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7b2c 3 \u6587\u3067\u9006\u63a5\uff08<code>However<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u631f\u3093\u3067\u771f\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3078\u3068\u4e0a\u6607\u30fb\u8ee2\u63db\u3059\u308b\u300c\u30dc\u30c8\u30e0\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u578b\u5192\u982d\u300d\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3082\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u7b2c 1 \u6587\u3060\u3051\u3092\u898b\u3066\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3068\u6c7a\u3081\u3064\u3051\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7b2c 2\u301c3 \u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9006\u63a5\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u771f\u306e\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u304c\u3069\u3053\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u614e\u91cd\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u62bd\u8c61\uff09Advances in machine-learning architectures have fundamentally transformed medical diagnostic accuracy across specialized clinical fields.] [\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\uff09In oncology, for instance, convolutional neural networks trained on vast mammogram datasets detected early-stage malignant carcinomas with a 15% lower false-negative rate than senior radiologists.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c 1 \u6587\u306e\u300cAI \u69cb\u9020\u306e\u9032\u6b69\u304c\u533b\u7642\u8a3a\u65ad\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u5909\u9769\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u7b2c 2 \u6587\u304c&nbsp;<code>for instance<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u300c\u816b\u760d\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e73\u304c\u3093\u753b\u50cf\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: [\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u62bd\u8c61\uff09Socioeconomic Status deeply conditions consumer decision-making patterns in subtle psychological ways.] [\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\uff09A 2022 multi-national survey revealed that high-income demographics consistently prioritize product sustainability, whereas lower-income cohorts emphasize immediate price affordability.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c 1 \u6587\u306e\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u304c\u8cfc\u8cb7\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u547d\u984c\u304c\u3001\u7b2c 2 \u6587\u306e\u300c2022\u5e74\u306e\u591a\u56fd\u7c4d\u8abf\u67fb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6240\u5f97\u968e\u5c64\u5225\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u9078\u597d\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: In 2022, a multi-national survey revealed that high-income demographics prioritize sustainability while lower-income cohorts emphasize price. Therefore, high-income demographics always make morally superior purchasing decisions in retail markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u8abf\u67fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u304b\u3089\u5f37\u5f15\u306b\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u502b\u7406\u7684\u65ad\u5b9a\u3092\u5c0e\u3053\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5192\u982d\u3067\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u3068\u305d\u308c\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u9038\u8131\u3057\u305f\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u3092\u6b20\u304f\u7834\u7dbb\u5c55\u958b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: [\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u62bd\u8c61\uff09Marine organisms utilize sophisticated biochemical communication systems that parallel human linguistic complexity in unexpected ways.] [\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\uff09Cetaceans, for example, employ distinctive signature whistle contours that convey both individual identity and spatial location to distant pod members.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c 1 \u6587\u306e\u300c\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u306e\u6d17\u7df4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u4f1d\u9054\u4f53\u7cfb\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u3001\u7b2c 2 \u6587\u306e\u300c\u30af\u30b8\u30e9\u985e\u306e\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u53e3\u7b1b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89b3\u5bdf\u5bfe\u8c61\u3078\u3068\u30b9\u30e0\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u3067\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u304b\u3089\u5177\u4f53\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3001\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4f8b\u793a\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff12. \u5177\u4f53\uff08\u652f\u6301\u6587\uff09\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u8c61\uff08\u7d50\u8a9e\u30fb\u307e\u3068\u3081\uff09\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u3068\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u4e3b\u65e8\u306e\u518d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u652f\u6301\u6587\uff09\u304c\u6570\u6587\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u7d9a\u3044\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6587\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u672b\u5c3e\u8fd1\u304f\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u518d\u3073\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u307e\u3068\u3081\uff08\u7d50\u8a9e: Concluding Sentence\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u304c\u518d\u4e0a\u6607\u3059\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001<code>\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u5c55\u958b\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09<\/code>&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;<code>Thus \/ Therefore \/ In short + \u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u30dc\u30c8\u30e0\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u578b\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u306f\u3001\u5192\u982d\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff08\u6700\u521d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\uff09\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a3c\u660e\u3092\u7d4c\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5f37\u56fa\u306b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u3044\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8996\u91ce\u304b\u3089\u518d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\uff08\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30c6\u30a4\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\uff09\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3002\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u3069\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u7740\u5730\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u9577\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8981\u65e8\u628a\u63e1\u3084\u6bb5\u843d\u8981\u7d04\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u56de\u7b54\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u3092\u6349\u3048\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u4e3b\u65e8\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u4e2d\u76e4\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3001\u6570\u5024\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u3084\u672b\u5c3e\u4ed8\u8fd1\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f&nbsp;<code>Thus<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Therefore<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>In short<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Ultimately<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>In summary<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u8a9e\u6a19\u8b58\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5192\u982d\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff08\u7b2c 1 \u306e\u62bd\u8c61\uff09\u3068\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e\u7d50\u8a9e\uff08\u7b2c 2 \u306e\u62bd\u8c61\uff09\u3092\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u305b\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6607\u83ef\u30fb\u518d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304b\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4e3b\u65e8\uff08\u6838\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4f8b\u5916\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u304c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u6b21\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3078\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304e\uff08Transition \/ \u4e88\u544a\uff09\u300d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306b&nbsp;<code>Having examined X, we must now consider Y...<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u3078\u306e\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u6587\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6587\u306f\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u307e\u3068\u3081\uff08\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6b21\u6bb5\u843d\u3078\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u8db3\u5834\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff08Given\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u5b8c\u7d50\u3057\u305f\u8981\u65e8\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: (\u4e2d\u76e4\u30fb\u5177\u4f53)&#8230; The quarterly financial audit showed that 85% of remote employees reported lower burnout levels, while performance metrics indicated a 12% increase in project completion rates. [\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u518d\u4e0a\u6607\uff09Thus, flexible working frameworks ultimately optimize both individual psychological well-being and organizational operational efficiency.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4e2d\u76e4\u306e\u76e3\u67fb\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u5177\u4f53\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>Thus<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u300c\u67d4\u8edf\u306a\u52b4\u50cd\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306f\u500b\u4eba\u3068\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u3092\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u304c\u518d\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u65e8\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: (\u4e2d\u76e4\u30fb\u5177\u4f53)&#8230; Researchers tracked the seasonal migration of monarch butterflies over three thousand miles, noting their precise navigational orientation despite shifting crosswinds and magnetic anomalies. [\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u518d\u4e0a\u6607\uff09In short, these insects possess an extraordinarily resilient, genetically hardwired orientation mechanism.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6e21\u308a\u8776\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u8ffd\u8de1\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u5bdf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u5177\u4f53\uff09\u306e\u84c4\u7a4d\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>In short<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u300c\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u30ca\u30d3\u30b2\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u6a5f\u69cb\u3092\u6301\u3064\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7dcf\u62ec\u3078\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: (\u4e2d\u76e4\u30fb\u5177\u4f53)&#8230; The corporate entity invested heavily in solar infrastructure, reduced factory emissions, and eliminated single-use plastics from its packaging lines. [\uff08\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u8a9e\u30fb\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\uff09For instance, their European headquarters installed photovoltaic panels on all roof surfaces.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u5217\u6319\uff08\u4e2d\u76e4\uff09\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u3067&nbsp;<code>For instance<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5225\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7d30\u90e8\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u7740\u5730\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\uff08\u307e\u3068\u3081\uff09\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u4e0d\u5099\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: (\u4e2d\u76e4\u30fb\u5177\u4f53)&#8230; Behavioral experiments with non-human primates demonstrated that individuals regularly share food resources with non-kin group members who have assisted them in past conflicts. [\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u518d\u4e0a\u6607\uff09Ultimately, these empirical findings suggest that reciprocal altruism has deep evolutionary roots preceding human speciation.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u970a\u9577\u985e\u306e\u98df\u7269\u5171\u6709\u5b9f\u9a13\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08\u5177\u4f53\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>Ultimately<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306f\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u5206\u5316\u306b\u5148\u7acb\u3064\u6df1\u3044\u9032\u5316\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c4\u3092\u6301\u3064\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u3078\u3068\u898b\u4e8b\u306b\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u4e0a\u6607\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u65e8\u3068\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u304f\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19. \u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u3092\u662f\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u6587\u69cb\u6210\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u8efd\u3044\u65e2\u77e5\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u3092\u7f6e\u304d\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u91cd\u3044\u672a\u77e5\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5747\u8861\uff08Balance\uff09\u3092\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u3093\u3058\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u3092\u662f\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u767a\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u6587\u69cb\u6210\uff08\u5206\u96e2\u69cb\u6587\u3001\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u6587\u672b\u524d\u7f6e\u3001\u633f\u5165\uff09\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff11. \u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\u3068\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u8907\u96d1\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3084\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u304c\u672c\u6765\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u308c\u3066\u6587\u672b\u3078\u3068\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u5206\u96e2\u79fb\u52d5\uff08Disposition\uff09\u300d\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u3001\u524d\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\uff08\u91cd\u3044\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u5f8c\u308d\u3078\uff09\u3068\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\u539f\u5247\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u5f8c\u308d\u3078\uff09\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08O\uff09\u304c\u8457\u3057\u304f\u9577\u304f\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08M\uff09\u304c\u77ed\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a&nbsp;<code>S + V + O + M<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u307e\u307e\u653e\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u91cd\u3044\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u3092\u5360\u62e0\u3057\u3066\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5 M \u304c\u6587\u672b\u306b\u5b64\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u306a\u8996\u8a8d\u6027\u304c\u60aa\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5 M \u3092\u524d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066&nbsp;<code>S + V + M + O<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308b\u9577\u3044\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3066\u6587\u672b\u3078\u56de\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5206\u96e2\u79fb\u52d5\u306e\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u4fee\u98fe\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\uff08\u4fc2\u308a\u53d7\u3051\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u98db\u3073\u51fa\u305f\u91cd\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u672c\u6765\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3078\u3068\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u9084\u5143\u30fb\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5206\u96e2\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e V \u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6765\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3084\u88dc\u8a9e\u304c\u6765\u308b\u3079\u304d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u77ed\u3044\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5 M\uff08\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u7b49\uff09\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7570\u5909\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>S + V + [prep + N] + N<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u611f\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5 M \u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9577\u5927\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u7bc0 O \u3092\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\uff08\u56f2\u3044\u8fbc\u307f\uff09\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u52d5\u8a5e V \u306e\u771f\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5206\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u3068\u88ab\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u771f\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u518d\u9023\u7d50\u3057\u3001\u300cS \u306f O\uff08\u6587\u672b\u306e\u91cd\u3044\u8981\u7d20\uff09\u3092 M\uff08\u6587\u982d\u30fb\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u8efd\u3044\u8981\u7d20\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 V \u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3078\u3068\u9084\u5143\u30fb\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e + \u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u300d\u3068\u300c\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e + \u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u524d\u7f6e + \u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6587\u982d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>emerge<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>occur<\/code>\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u4fee\u98fe\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306f\u5012\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff08<code>V + M + S<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>consider<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>reject<\/code>\uff09\u306f\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08<code>V + M + O<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5206\u96e2\u79fb\u52d5\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u81ea\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u9451\u5225\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u91cd\u3044\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u300c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300c\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The research committee rejected [out of hand] [the comprehensive proposal for carbon sequestration which had been meticulously drafted by external environmental consultants].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>rejected<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u77ed\u3044\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>out of hand<\/code>\uff08\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\uff09\u304c\u524d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u9577\u3044\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>the comprehensive proposal...<\/code>\uff08\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\uff09\u304c\u6587\u672b\u3078\u5206\u96e2\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001<code>V + M + O<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u4f53\u30fb\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: There have emerged [in recent years] [several highly sophisticated computational algorithms that threaten to compromise conventional cryptographic security].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>have emerged<\/code>\uff08\u51fa\u73fe\u3057\u305f\uff09\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>in recent years<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3001\u91cd\u304f\u9577\u3044\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>several highly sophisticated...<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6587\u672b\u3078\u8ffd\u3044\u3084\u3089\u308c\u305f&nbsp;<code>There + V + M + S<\/code>&nbsp;\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u5f37\u70c8\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The research committee rejected the comprehensive proposal for carbon sequestration which had been meticulously drafted by external environmental consultants out of hand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9577\u5927\u306a\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>out of hand<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u305f\u6a19\u6e96\u8a9e\u9806\uff08<code>S V O M<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u306b\u53cd\u3057\u3066\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u8457\u3057\u304f\u5b64\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u306b\u304f\u3055\u3092\u751f\u3058\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u4e0d\u5099\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: The director made clear [to all department heads] [that mandatory budget reductions of 20% would be enforced across all division operations starting next fiscal quarter].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305a\u306b&nbsp;<code>make + C + M + O<\/code>\uff08\u88dc\u8a9e clear + \u526f\u8a5e\u53e5 + \u9577\u3044\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\uff09\u306e\u5f62\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u5206\u96e2\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0820%\u306e\u4e88\u7b97\u524a\u6e1b\uff09\u304c\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5207\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5206\u96e2\u79fb\u52d5\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u5909\u5f62\u3055\u308c\u305f\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u305d\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff12. \u633f\u5165\u30fb\u5206\u88c2\u30fb\u904a\u96e2\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u60c5\u5831\u5206\u65ad\u306e\u88dc\u6b63\u3068\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u7279\u5b9a\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\uff08S+V+O\uff09\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\u88dc\u8db3\u7684\u306a\u8aac\u660e\u3001\u614b\u5ea6\u8868\u660e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5bfe\u6bd4\u7684\u4fee\u98fe\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u5f37\u5f15\u5272\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u300c\u633f\u5165\uff08Insertion\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u904a\u96e2\uff08Disjunction\uff09\u300d\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3092\u8457\u3057\u304f\u5206\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u633f\u5165\u53e5\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>, if not impossible,<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>, as it were,<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>, if any,<\/code>\uff09\u3084\u7bc0\u3092\u631f\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u306e\u547d\u984c\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u304b\u3089\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3078\u306e\u6d41\u308c\uff09\u3092\u88dc\u6b63\u3057\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3084\u9650\u5ea6\u3092\u305d\u306e\u5834\u3067\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u601d\u8003\u306e\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u306a\u8981\u8acb\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u3053\u306e\u633f\u5165\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u5272\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e S \u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e V\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u52d5\u8a5e V \u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e O \u306e\u8996\u899a\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u304c\u96e2\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u56f0\u60d1\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3044\u3001\u610f\u5473\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u6027\u3092\u55aa\u5931\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u5272\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u633f\u5165\u30fb\u904a\u96e2\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u62ec\u5f27\uff08\u30d1\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\uff09\u3067\u56f2\u3044\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u9694\u96e2\uff08\u8996\u8996\u7684\u906e\u65ad\uff09\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u5148\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\u633f\u5165\u306e\u88dc\u6b63\u610f\u5473\uff08\u6761\u4ef6\u3084\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u6b63\u624b\u9806\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u5206\u65ad\u3092\u88dc\u6b63\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\uff08<code>, ... ,<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\uff08<code>\u2014 ... \u2014<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6587\u982d\u30fb\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u3042\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\uff08<code>if any<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>whatever the outcome<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u5206\u65ad\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u633f\u5165\u30fb\u904a\u96e2\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u633f\u5165\u30fb\u904a\u96e2\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u7121\u8996\uff08\u8996\u89d2\u304b\u3089\u9664\u53bb\uff09\u3057\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff08S \u3068 V\u3001V \u3068 O\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\uff09\u3092\u76f4\u7dda\u7684\u306b\u9023\u7d50\u3057\u3066\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\uff08S+V+O\uff09\u3092\u4eee\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9694\u96e2\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3044\u305f\u633f\u5165\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u6301\u3064\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\uff08\u9650\u5b9a\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u3001\u88dc\u8db3\u3001\u614b\u5ea6\u8868\u660e\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5408\u6210\u3057\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u3067\u631f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u300c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u633f\u5165\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u540c\u683c\uff08A = B\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u4e26\u5217\uff08A, B, and C\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u540c\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u66f4\u65b0\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u524d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u30a4\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u540c\u683c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u7bc0\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u633f\u5165\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9694\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u9451\u5225\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The initial implementation of the fiscal austerity protocol, [though severely criticized by opposition parties and labor unions], [ultimately stabilized the nation\u2019s inflating currency].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u306b\u631f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0&nbsp;<code>though severely criticized...<\/code>\uff08\u633f\u5165\u8981\u7d20\uff09\u3092\u9694\u96e2\u30fb\u7121\u8996\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>The initial implementation...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>ultimately stabilized...<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\uff08S+V+O\uff09\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u9023\u7d50\u30fb\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Modern quantum cryptographic systems ensure, [if properly implemented according to theoretical protocols], [absolute immunity from conventional eavesdropping techniques].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>ensure<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0&nbsp;<code>if properly implemented...<\/code>\uff08\u633f\u5165\u8981\u7d20\uff09\u304c\u5272\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u5206\u65ad\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u9694\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>ensure<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u771f\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>absolute immunity...<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The initial implementation of the fiscal austerity protocol though severely criticized by opposition parties, ultimately stabilized the nation\u2019s inflating currency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u3092\u631f\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u306a\u304c\u3089\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u3092\u7701\u7565\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u5883\u754c\u304c\u4e0d\u660e\u77ad\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u3092\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: Genetic engineering techniques offer \u2014 [despite lingering ethical reservations among the general public] \u2014 [unprecedented opportunities for eradicating hereditary metabolic disorders].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u306b\u631f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>despite lingering...<\/code>\uff08\u633f\u5165\u8981\u7d20\uff09\u3092\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u9694\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>offer<\/code>\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>unprecedented opportunities...<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u9023\u7d50\u30fb\u89e3\u8aad\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u633f\u5165\u3084\u904a\u96e2\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u60c5\u5831\u5206\u65ad\u3092\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u88dc\u6b63\u3057\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u305d\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u304f\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff10. \u8907\u6570\u6587\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u3078\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u6587\u304b\u3089\u8907\u6570\u6587\uff08\u6587\u7ae0\u30fb\u6bb5\u843d\u7fa4\uff09\u3078\u3068\u62e1\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u308b\u969b\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u300c\u524d\u306e\u6587\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u6587\u306e\u5192\u982d\u3067\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u306e\u9023\u9396\uff08Information Chain\uff09\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6587\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u7d99\u627f\u3068\u9032\u884c\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9577\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u5fdc\u7528\u539f\u7406\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff10.\uff11. \u8907\u6570\u6587\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u9023\u9396\uff08\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u7d99\u627f\u3068\u9032\u884c\uff09\u306e\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u6570\u6587\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u304b\u3064\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u3068\u6587\u306e\u9593\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6570\u73e0\u3064\u306a\u304e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\uff08Information Progression\uff09\u300d\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u9023\u9396\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u300c\u76f4\u7dda\u578b\u9023\u9396\uff08Linear Progression: \u6587 1 \u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 B \u304c\u3001\u6587 2 \u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 B \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 C \u3092\u751f\u3080\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u6df1\u6398\u308a\u3092\u884c\u3046\u969b\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u300c\u653e\u5c04\u578b\u9023\u9396\uff08Continuous Topic Progression: \u6587 1 \u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 A \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u6587 2\u3001\u6587 3 \u3067\u3082\u540c\u3058\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 A \u3092\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u305f\u307e\u307e\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 B, C, D \u3092\u591a\u89d2\u7684\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3044\u304f\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\uff08\u4f8b: \u3042\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6280\u8853\u3084\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff09\u306e\u591a\u9762\u7684\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u5217\u6319\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u9023\u9396\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u30fb\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u306a\u3044\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u6587\u6587\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8ff7\u5b50\u306b\u306a\u308b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u56de\u907f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u9023\u9396\u3092\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587 1 \u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 A\uff08\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 B\uff08\u7126\u5143\u306e\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587 2 \u306e\u6587\u982d\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\uff09\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6587 1 \u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 B \u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u3044\u3067\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u76f4\u7dda\u578b: B \u2192 C\uff09\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6587 1 \u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 A \u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u653e\u5c04\u578b: A \u2192 C\uff09\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u300d\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7d99\u627f\u30fb\u66f4\u65b0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9396\uff08\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\uff09\u3092\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u6df1\u6398\u308a\uff08\u76f4\u7dda\u578b\uff09\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u7279\u5fb4\u306e\u7db2\u7f85\u7684\u5217\u6319\uff08\u653e\u5c04\u578b\uff09\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u4f38\u3073\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5168\u4f53\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u8df3\u8e8d\uff08Hyper-Topic\uff09\u300d\u306e\u767a\u751f\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6570\u6587\u524d\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5927\u67a0\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\uff08\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\uff09\u3078\u7a81\u7136\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u5148\u7956\u8fd4\u308a\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8df3\u8e8d\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u969b\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\uff08\u6587 N-1\uff09\u306e\u307f\u3068\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u63a5\u7d9a\u306b\u3068\u3089\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3046\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5927\u67a0\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff08Hyper-Topic\uff09\u300d\u3092\u982d\u306e\u7247\u9685\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: (\u6587 1) The research laboratory introduced [a novel quantum sensor] (\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 B). (\u6587 2) [This sensor] (\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 B) measures minute gravitational fluctuations with unprecedented precision, [revealing hidden subterranean structures] (\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 C). (\u6587 3) [These subterranean structures] (\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 C) provide critical insights into volcanic magma movement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587 1 \u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 B\uff08\u91cf\u5b50\u30bb\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\uff09\u304c\u6587 2 \u306e\u6587\u982d\u3067\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 B \u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 C\uff08\u5730\u4e0b\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u691c\u51fa\uff09\u3092\u751f\u307f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6587 3 \u306e\u6587\u982d\u3067\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 C \u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u306a\u308b\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3078\u3068\u63a5\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3001\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u300c\u76f4\u7dda\u578b\u9023\u9396\uff08A \u2192 B \u2192 C\uff09\u300d\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: (\u6587 1) [Artificial intelligence] (\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 A) is rapidly transforming modern healthcare diagnostics (\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 B). (\u6587 2) [The same technology] (\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 A) is also revolutionizing financial fraud detection systems (\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 C). (\u6587 3) Furthermore, [AI] (\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 A) plays an increasingly pivotal role in autonomous vehicle navigation (\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 D).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u6587\u304c\u6587\u982d\u3067\u300cAI\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 A\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5171\u901a\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u305f\u307e\u307e\u3001\u533b\u7642\u30fb\u91d1\u878d\u30fb\u4ea4\u901a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7570\u306a\u308b\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff08B, C, D\uff09\u3092\u4e26\u5217\u7684\u306b\u4ed8\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u300c\u653e\u5c04\u578b\u9023\u9396\uff08A \u2192 B, A \u2192 C, A \u2192 D\uff09\u300d\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: (\u6587 1) The research laboratory introduced a novel quantum sensor. (\u6587 2) Magma movement inside active volcanoes often triggers severe seismic tremors in surrounding valleys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587 1 \u3068\u6587 2 \u306e\u9593\u306b\u300c\u91cf\u5b50\u30bb\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc \u2192 \u5730\u4e0b\u69cb\u9020 \u2192 \u706b\u5c71\u30de\u30b0\u30de\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u9023\u9396\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\uff08\u76f4\u7dda\u578b\u3082\u653e\u5c04\u578b\u3082\uff09\u304c\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u6587\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: (\u6587 1) [Gene-editing tools] (\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 A) allow precise modifications to DNA sequences (\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 B). (\u6587 2) [This molecular precision] (\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 B) minimizes off-target mutations, [enhancing therapeutic safety] (\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 C).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587 1 \u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 B \u5185\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b&nbsp;<code>precise<\/code>\uff08\u7cbe\u5bc6\u3055\uff09\u304c\u6587 2 \u306e\u6587\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>This molecular precision<\/code>\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 B\uff09\u3068\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u53d7\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5411\u4e0a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 C \u3078\u3068\u76f4\u7dda\u7684\u306b\u9023\u9396\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6587\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u9023\u9396\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9032\u884c\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u304f\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff10.\uff12. \u9577\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u3068\u8ad6\u70b9\u8ffd\u8de1\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9577\u5927\u3067\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u5b66\u8853\u9577\u6587\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u6587\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u300c\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\uff08Macro-Information Structure\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8133\u5185\u306b\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u9023\u306d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u8d77\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\/\u5e8f\u8ad6\uff09\u2192 \u5f93\u6765\u306e\u8a66\u307f\u3084\u5bfe\u7acb\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\uff08\u80cc\u666f\uff09\u2192 \u7b46\u8005\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u4e3b\u8aac\u63d0\u793a\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\/\u672c\u8ad6\uff09\u2192 \u5b9f\u8a3c\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u88dc\u5f37\uff09\u2192 \u30a4\u30f3\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u5c55\u671b\uff08\u7d50\u8ad6\/\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5de8\u5927\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\uff08Macro-Frame\uff09\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u300c\u3069\u306e\u5f79\u5272\uff08\u8db3\u5834\u63d0\u793a\u3001\u53cd\u8ad6\u3001\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u300d\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u3082\u8a00\u3044\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\uff08\u4e3b\u65e8\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u300d\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u305f\u969b\u306b\u3082\u3001\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u3044\u6839\u62e0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u5207\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u70b9\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b2c 1\u301c2 \u6bb5\u843d\uff08\u5e8f\u8ad6\uff09\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u300c\u5171\u901a\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u30fb\u554f\u3044\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\/Given\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d\uff08\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30bb\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30b9\uff09\u3068\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\uff08\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\uff09\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u300c\u3069\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u7b46\u8005\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8aac\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\/Focus\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u8ee2\u63db\u30fb\u7740\u5730\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\uff08\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u518d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u5e8f\u8ad6\u306e\u300c\u554f\u3044\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u3068\u672c\u8ad6\u30fb\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u300c\u771f\u306e\u7b54\u3048\uff08\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e00\u8a00\u8981\u7d04\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u4e3b\u65e8\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff09\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u30a8\u30d4\u30bd\u30fc\u30c9\u3084\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\uff08\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u5177\u4f53\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u8ad6\u70b9\u300d\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8457\u8005\u304c\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u8a73\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u5b9f\u9a13\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3084\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u30a8\u30d4\u30bd\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u300c\u4e3b\u8aac\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u652f\u6301\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u300c\u4e3b\u65e8\u300d\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3001\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u304b\u304b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u4e2d\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u300c\u4eca\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u6587\u30fb\u6bb5\u843d\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u4e3b\u8aac\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u4e3b\u8aac\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306e\u63d0\u793a\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u968e\u5c64\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u5272\u308a\u632f\u308a\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8aad\u307f\u9032\u3081\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8db3\u5834: \u7b2c 1 \u6bb5\u843d\uff09For decades, neuroscientists believed that the adult human brain was incapable of generating new neurons.] &#8230; [\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u65cb\u56de\u70b9: \u7b2c 3 \u6bb5\u843d\uff09However, groundbreaking radio-carbon dating of hippocampal cells has now established that neurogenesis persists throughout the human lifespan.] &#8230; [\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9: \u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\uff09Ultimately, this paradigm shift opens revolutionary avenues for treating neurodegenerative diseases through endogenous cellular regeneration.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c 1 \u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u300c\u5927\u4eba\u8133\u975e\u518d\u751f\u8aac\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u8db3\u5834\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u901a\u5ff5\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7b2c 3 \u6bb5\u843d\u306e&nbsp;<code>However<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u300c\u6210\u4eba\u8133\u518d\u751f\u8aac\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3078\u3068\u8ee2\u63db\u3057\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u300c\u795e\u7d4c\u5909\u6027\u75be\u60a3\u6cbb\u7642\u3078\u306e\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5fdc\u7528\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u3078\u3068\u7740\u5730\u3059\u308b\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: For decades, neuroscientists believed that the adult human brain was incapable of generating new neurons. Therefore, hippocampal cells in adult mice show significant radio-carbon decay over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c 1 \u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u901a\u5ff5\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u65cb\u56de\uff08<code>However<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u7d4c\u305a\u306b\u5f37\u5f15\u306b&nbsp;<code>Therefore<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u5b9f\u9a13\u7d30\u90e8\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6279\u5224\u7684\u5c55\u958b\uff09\u304c\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u7834\u7dbb\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: [\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8db3\u5834: \u7b2c 1 \u6bb5\u843d\uff09Global water scarcity is traditionally framed as a physical supply crisis driven by climate change.] &#8230; [\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9: \u7b2c 4 \u6bb5\u843d\uff09A comprehensive spatial analysis reveals, however, that the crisis is fundamentally an institutional failure of governance and equitable distribution.] &#8230; [\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u7d50\u8ad6: \u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\uff09Addressing the water challenge therefore requires political and economic reform rather than mere engineering solutions.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6c34\u5371\u6a5f\u3092\u300c\u7269\u7406\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08\u901a\u5ff5\/\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u304b\u3089\u300c\u30ac\u30d0\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u5931\u6557\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\/\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306b\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u653f\u6cbb\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u6539\u9769\u306e\u8981\u8acb\u3078\u3068\u7740\u5730\u3055\u305b\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: [\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8db3\u5834: \u7b2c 1 \u6bb5\u843d\uff09Classical economic theory posited that market competition guarantees optimal resource allocation.] &#8230; [\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9: \u7b2c 2 \u6bb5\u843d\uff09Behavioral economics demonstrates that cognitive biases systematically distort individual decision-making.] &#8230; [\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u7d50\u8ad6: \u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\uff09Consequently, modern regulatory frameworks must incorporate choice architecture to protect consumers from predictable financial errors.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u300c\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u2192\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306e\u5b9f\u8a3c\uff08\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u2192\u300c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9078\u629e\u30a2\u30fc\u30ad\u30c6\u30af\u30c1\u30e3\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\uff08\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u9032\u5316\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u306a\u304f\u5b8c\u7d50\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u9577\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5de8\u8996\u7684\u306a\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8133\u5185\u306b\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u3001\u904e\u5bc6\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u6349\u3048\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff11. \u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u3068\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u8a2d\u554f\u7a81\u7834\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u5230\u9054\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u300c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u300d\u300c\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u300d\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u50be\u659c\uff08\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u300d\u300c\u8ac7\u8a71\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u306e\u5168\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u8a2d\u554f\uff08\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u548c\u8a33\u3001\u9577\u6587\u8981\u7d04\u3001\u6307\u793a\u5bfe\u8c61\u7279\u5b9a\u3001\u8131\u6587\u633f\u5165\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\uff09\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u30fb\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u78ba\u3055\u3067\u653b\u7565\u3059\u308b\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff11.\uff11. \u7d71\u8a9e\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u30fb\u8ac7\u8a71\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e\u5f59\u30fb\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u914d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5b66\u8853\u8a9e\u5f59\u3084\u6975\u5ea6\u306b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u8a18\u61b6\u306b\u983c\u308b\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5168\u306b\u9665\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306e\u65e2\u6709\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u300c\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u610f\u5473\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u51e6\u7406\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u672a\u77e5\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u300c\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\uff08SVO \u306e\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u3088\u308b\u54c1\u8a5e\u3068\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\uff09\u300d\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u300c\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u5236\u7d04\uff08\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6975\u6027\uff0b\/\u30fc\u306e\u631f\u307f\u6483\u3061\uff09\u300d\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u300c\u8ac7\u8a71\u30fb\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5236\u7d04\uff08\u6587\u982d\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u8db3\u5834\u304b\u3089\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3078\u306e\u50be\u659c\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046 3 \u3064\u306e\u5236\u7d04\uff08\u591a\u91cd\u5236\u7d04: Triple Constraints\uff09\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u91cd\u306d\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e X \u306e\u610f\u5473\u4f4d\u76f8\u3092\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306e\u89e3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u5236\u7d04\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\uff08\u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e X \u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u6587\u306e SVO \u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001X \u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30fb\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u3069\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9805\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\uff09\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\uff08\u610f\u5473\u5236\u7d04\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001X \u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff08\u540c\u683c\u8a18\u53f7\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e&nbsp;<code>whereas<\/code>, \u88dc\u5f37\u306e&nbsp;<code>in other words<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59 Y \u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u540c\u4f4d\uff08<code>X = Y<\/code>\uff09\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5bfe\u6bd4\uff08<code>X vs Y<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u304b\u3089\u3001X \u304c\u6301\u3064\u610f\u5473\u306e\u6975\u6027\uff08\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u8a55\u4fa1\u304b\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\u8a55\u4fa1\u304b\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u304b\u5177\u8c61\u7269\u304b\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\uff08\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001X \u304c\u6587\u982d\u306e\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u6587\u8108\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\uff08\u539f\u56e0 \u2192 \u7d50\u679c\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6 \u2192 \u7b46\u8005\u306e\u81ea\u8aac\uff09\u306e\u4e2d\u306b X \u3092\u4ee3\u5165\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u307f\u306b\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4fe1\u983c\u3092\u5bc4\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u5371\u967a\u6027\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u5bfe\u6bd4\uff08<code>A whereas X<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089 X \u3092\u300cA \u306e\u53cd\u5bfe\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u6c7a\u3081\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u306b X \u304c\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u306e\u30ba\u30ec\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\uff08\u5f62\uff09\u30fb\u610f\u5473\uff08\u6975\u6027\uff09\u30fb\u8ac7\u8a71\uff08\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u91cd\u307f\uff09\u306e 3 \u3064\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u77db\u76fe\u306a\u304f\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u89e3\uff08\u610f\u5473\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff09\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The clinical researchers warned that prolonged exposure to high-altitude radiation could induce severe [myelosuppression], \u2014 [a dangerous physiological condition in which the bone marrow produces significantly fewer blood cells].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7d71\u8a9e\u5236\u7d04\uff08\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>induce<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30fb\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\u3001\u610f\u5473\u5236\u7d04\uff08\u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u540c\u683c&nbsp;<code>: a dangerous physiological condition...<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u5236\u7d04\uff08\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u91cd\u306a\u308a\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>myelosuppression<\/code>\uff08\u9aa8\u9ac4\u6291\u5236\uff09\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304c\u300c\u9aa8\u9ac4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9020\u8840\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u5371\u967a\u306a\u4f4e\u4e0b\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u3055\u3067\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: While traditional agrarian communities relied on organic, decentralized decision-making, modern industrial corporations operate through [myopic] bureaucratic structures that prioritize short-term profit over long-term stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e&nbsp;<code>While<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u308a\u300c\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\uff08\u6709\u6a5f\u7684\u30fb\u5206\u6563\u7684\/\u9577\u671f\u7684\uff09\u300dvs\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4f01\u696d\uff08\u5358\u8996\u7684\u30fb\u77ed\u671f\u76ca\u512a\u5148\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>myopic<\/code>\uff08\u8fd1\u8996\u773c\u7684\u306a\/\u77ed\u898b\u306a\uff09\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304c\u300c\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u306a\u5229\u76ca\u3057\u304b\u898b\u306a\u3044\u8996\u91ce\u306e\u72ed\u3044\u5c5e\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Traditional agrarian communities relied on organic decision-making; similarly, modern industrial corporations operate through myopic bureaucratic structures that prioritize long-term stability over short-term profit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u985e\u4f3c&nbsp;<code>similarly<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b&nbsp;<code>myopic<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u7d9a\u3067\u300c\u77ed\u671f\u5229\u76ca\u3088\u308a\u9577\u671f\u5b89\u5b9a\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u5236\u7d04\uff08\u610f\u5473\u7684\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u6975\u6027\uff09\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u58ca\u7834\u3057\u305f\u7834\u7dbb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: The theoretical physicist described the subatomic particle as inherently [evanescent], demonstrating through cloud chamber experiments that its operational lifespan spanned less than a trillionth of a second.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u88dc\u8a9e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>evanescent<\/code>\uff08\u511a\u3044\/\u5206\u79d2\u3067\u6d88\u3048\u308b\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u5206\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587&nbsp;<code>demonstrating...<\/code>\uff08\u5bff\u547d\u304c1\u5146\u5206\u306e1\u79d2\u672a\u6e80\uff09\u304c\u5177\u4f53\u88dc\u5f37\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540c\u4f4d\u63a5\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3001\u300c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u3067\u6d88\u5931\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5c5e\u6027\u610f\u5473\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8f9e\u66f8\u306b\u306a\u3044\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e\u5f59\u3084\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u5236\u7d04\u304b\u3089\u305d\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff11.\uff12. \u8a18\u8ff0\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u6210\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u5b9f\u8df5\u529b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u89e3\u304d\u660e\u304b\u3057\u305f\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u3001\u5165\u8a66\u672c\u756a\u306e\u300c\u5ba2\u89b3\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\uff08\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u5f0f\uff09\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u52a0\u70b9\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u7db2\u7f85\u3057\u305f\u7b54\u6848\u4f5c\u6210\uff08\u8a18\u8ff0\u5f0f\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u554f\u984c\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u3061\u308a\u3070\u3081\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u91cd\u307f\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u300d\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8ef8\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u300d\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u300d\u300c\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a87\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u968e\u5c64\u30df\u30b9\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u548c\u8a33\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aad\u3080\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u50be\u659c\u300d\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\uff08\u548c\u8a33\u30fb\u5185\u5bb9\u8aac\u660e\u30fb\u8981\u7d04\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6587\u982d\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u304b\u3089\u6587\u672b\uff08\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3078\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u7b54\u6848\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u30fb\u91cd\u70b9\u914d\u7f6e\u306b\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u305b\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u63a1\u70b9\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u30b3\u30a2\uff08\u7126\u70b9\u8981\u7d20\uff09\u306b\u6700\u5927\u306e\u914d\u70b9\u3092\u52dd\u3061\u53d6\u308b\u89e3\u7b54\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8a18\u8ff0\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u6210\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u5ba2\u89b3\u554f\u984c\uff08\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u5f0f\uff09\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\uff08[\u8db3\u5834\/\u65e7\u60c5\u5831] \u2192 [\u7126\u70b9\/\u65b0\u60c5\u5831]\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb A \u2192 B\u3001\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb A vs B\uff09\u3092\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5404\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u300d\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8b72\u6b69\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u4e3b\u65e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u300c\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a87\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u306e 3 \u5927\u69cb\u9020\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u7b54\u3092\u6392\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u578b\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\uff08\u548c\u8a33\u30fb\u5185\u5bb9\u8aac\u660e\u30fb\u8981\u7d04\uff09\u306e\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u6210\u624b\u9806\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u508d\u7dda\u90e8\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8981\u7d04\u5bfe\u8c61\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u300c\u8db3\u5834\uff08\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\/\u524d\u63d0\uff09\u300d\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\uff09\u300d\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\uff09\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u30fb\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7b54\u6848\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u969b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6587\u672b\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u6587\u306e\u7d50\u8a9e\uff08\u6587\u672b\uff09\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u6700\u3082\u529b\u5f37\u304f\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u3084\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u300c\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u300d\u300c\u301c\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u306b\u5341\u5206\u306a\u5b57\u6570\u3092\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3066\u3001\u63a1\u70b9\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u6f0f\u308c\u30fb\u91cd\u70b9\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9632\u6b62\u3057\u305f\u7b54\u6848\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u6700\u7d42\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u9805\u76ee\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u5b57\u6570\u5236\u9650\u306b\u3088\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8981\u7d04\u3084\u5185\u5bb9\u8aac\u660e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u5b57\u6570\u5236\u9650\uff08\u4f8b: 50\u5b57\u4ee5\u5185\uff09\u304c\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u4e3b\u65e8\uff09\u3092\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u524a\u3063\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u524a\u308b\u3079\u304d\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u300c\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u300d\u300c\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u300d\u300c\u633f\u5165\u53e5\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u5207\u308a\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011Although traditional classroom lectures effectively impart foundational knowledge, interactive small-group seminars foster higher-order critical thinking skills essential for modern research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8a2d\u554f: \u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u9078\u3079\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u9078\u629e\u80a2: Interactive small-group seminars are superior in developing advanced analytical capabilities, despite the efficiency of traditional lectures in delivering basic facts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u8b72\u6b69\uff08\u8b1b\u7fa9\uff1d\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\uff09&lt; \u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u30bc\u30df\uff1d\u6279\u5224\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u968e\u5c64\uff08A &lt; B\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u5f35 B\uff08\u30bc\u30df\u306e\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\uff09\u3092\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u6b63\u89e3\u9078\u629e\u80a2: Traditional classroom lectures are the most important educational format because they provide the foundational knowledge required before engaging in interactive seminars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u5831 A\uff08\u8b1b\u7fa9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\uff09\u3092\u5f37\u5f15\u306b\u4e3b\u8aac\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3078\u3068\u683c\u4e0a\u3052\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u305f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u508d\u7dda\u90e8\u548c\u8a33\u3011It is the subtle shifts in deep ocean currents, rather than atmospheric temperature spikes alone, that drive these catastrophic extreme weather events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8a18\u8ff0\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u6210\u624b\u9806\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u4f53: \u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u00a0<code>It is X that Y<\/code>\uff08Y = \u6975\u7aef\u306a\u6c17\u8c61\u306e\u99c6\u52d5 [\u524d\u63d0] \/ X = \u6d77\u6d0b\u6df1\u5c64\u6d41\u306e\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u5909\u5316 [\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9]\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u69cb\u6210: \u524d\u63d0 Y \u3092\u5148\u884c\u3055\u305b\u3001\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9 X \u3092\u6587\u672b\u3067\u529b\u5f37\u304f\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3010\u6a21\u7bc4\u89e3\u7b54\u3011\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u58ca\u6ec5\u7684\u306a\u6975\u7aef\u6c17\u8c61\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u6025\u6607\u5358\u72ec\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4ed6\u306a\u3089\u306c\u6df1\u6d77\u6d41\u306e\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u5909\u5316\u306b\u307b\u304b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u2192 \u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u793a\u3059\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u6d77\u6d0b\u6df1\u5c64\u6d41\u306e\u5909\u5316\uff09\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u672b\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u304f\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3001\u6e1b\u70b9\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u306a\u3044\u5b8c\u5168\u7b54\u6848\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u3010\u8aa4\u8a33\u4f8b\u3011\u6d77\u6d0b\u6df1\u5c64\u6d41\u306e\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u5909\u5316\u306f\u5927\u6c17\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u6025\u6607\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u6c17\u8c61\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u58ca\u6ec5\u7684\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u5316\uff08\u5927\u6c17\u6e29\u5ea6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u6d77\u6d0b\u6df1\u5c64\u6d41\u3053\u305d\u304c\uff09\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4e26\u5217\u306e\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u548c\u8a33\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u3053\u307c\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u306a\u7b54\u6848\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u8981\u7d04\u554f\u984c\u30fb\u8981\u7d04\u4f5c\u6210\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u60c5\u5831\u968e\u5c64\u89e3\u6790: \u5e8f\u8ad6\uff08\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\uff1d\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u2192 \u672c\u8ad6\uff08\u6d77\u6d0b\u6df1\u5c64\u6d41\u306e\u505c\u6ede\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u539f\u56e0\uff1d\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u2192 \u7d50\u8ad6\uff08\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u6d77\u6d0b\u76e3\u8996\u4f53\u5236\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\uff1d\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u968e\u5c64\u524a\u6e1b\u9069\u7528: \u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\uff08\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u8239\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff09\u3092\u5168\u524a\u304e\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u3010\u6a21\u7bc4\u8981\u7d04\u3011\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u6d77\u6d0b\u6df1\u5c64\u6d41\u306e\u505c\u6ede\u304c\u7570\u5e38\u6c17\u8c61\u306e\u771f\u8981\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u6d77\u6d0b\u76e3\u8996\u4f53\u5236\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u2192 \u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u8981\u70b9\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u305f\u3001\u6e80\u70b9\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u8981\u7d04\u7b54\u6848\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5b8c\u4fee\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u304b\u3089\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u6210\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u52dd\u5229\u3092\u53ce\u3081\u308b\u601d\u8003\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8003\u7a76:\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u3068\u547d\u984c\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u691c\u8a3c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u4e00\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8cab\u304f\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u547d\u984c\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u8003\u7a76\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u512a\u5148\u306e\u5230\u9054\u76ee\u6a19\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3084\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8108\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u906e\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u7a81\u7834\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\uff08\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5177\u4f53\uff08\u652f\u6301\u6587\uff09\u300d\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027\uff08Cohesion\uff09\u3084\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u9023\u9396\u304b\u3089\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6f14\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u6280\u8853\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u547d\u984c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u306a\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u4f8b\u793a\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u3001\u88dc\u8db3\uff09\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3066\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u306e\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\uff08Truth Value\uff09\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u5de7\u5999\u306b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u305f\u7bc4\u56f2\u3001\u983b\u5ea6\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3084\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u691c\u8a3c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u78e8\u304f\u3002\u524d\u63d0\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8996\u5ea7\u5c64\u304a\u3088\u3073\u539f\u7406\u5c64\u3067\u7fd2\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u50be\u659c\uff08Given-New Contract\uff09\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u6280\u8853\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3092\u5b8c\u4fee\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u898b\u7834\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8a8d\u77e5\u904b\u7528\u529b\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u62bd\u8c61\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3068\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306f\u3001\u5192\u982d\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08Topic Sentence\uff09\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u4e0b\u4f4d\u304b\u3089\u88dc\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6587\uff08Supporting Sentences\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u968e\u5c64\uff08Hierarchy of Abstraction\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u65e8\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4f8b\u793a\u3084\u88dc\u8db3\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u6574\u7406\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167:[\u57fa\u790e M21-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u5f62\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u547d\u984c\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306e\u691c\u8a3c]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\uff08Truth Value\uff09\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u305b\u305a\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u300c\u5168\u79f0\/\u7279\u79f0\uff08\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e vs \u4e00\u90e8\u306e\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u301c\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u9650\u308a\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u300d\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167:[\u57fa\u790e M23-\u8a9e\u7528]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M25-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u9577\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u628a\u63e1\u3068\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u76f8\u4e92\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M27-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6587\u7ae0\u8981\u7d04\u3068\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u518d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u624b\u9806<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u62bd\u8c61\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6587\u3068\u6587\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u5e73\u5766\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u4e26\u5217\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff08\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u300d\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff08Topic Sentence\uff09\u3068\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6587\uff08Supporting Sentences\uff09\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3084\u4f8b\u793a\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6587\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u8b58\u5225\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3068\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u547d\u984c\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u300d\u3068\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u4e0a\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u300d\u3092\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u305f\u3044\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u547d\u984c = \u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3001\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u547d\u984c = \u652f\u6301\u6587\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\uff08Level Drop\uff09\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u8b58\u5225\u3092\u884c\u3046\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\uff08\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6570\u5024\uff09\u306b\u610f\u8b58\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u8aad\u3092\u72af\u3059\u3002\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u30fb\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u542b\u307f\u3001\u652f\u6301\u6587\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3078\u9650\u5b9a\u30fb\u5177\u8c61\u5316\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5dee\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5192\u982d\u306e\u6587\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u30fb\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>have revolutionized<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>profound implications<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3092\u793a\u3059\u304b\u3001\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u30fb\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>In a 2021 study<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>for instance<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3092\u793a\u3059\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b2c 2 \u6587\u4ee5\u964d\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u6a19\u8b58\uff08<code>For example<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Specifically<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5024\u3001\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u5148\u304c\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u300c\u652f\u6301\u6587\u30a8\u30ea\u30a2\u300d\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u30a8\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3001\u5192\u982d\u306e\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u300c\u88dc\u5f37\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u306b\u5f93\u5c5e\u3055\u305b\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u306e\u307f\u3092\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6838\u3068\u3057\u3066\u62bd\u51fa\u30fb\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9069\u7528\u9650\u754c\u3068\u4f8b\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u9451\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u968e\u5c64\u8b58\u5225\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5192\u982d\u306b\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30d4\u30bd\u30fc\u30c9\u3084\u7d71\u8a08\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u300d\u3092\u63b4\u307f\uff08Hook\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\u3067&nbsp;<code>Thus<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>Therefore<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3078\u518d\u4e0a\u6607\uff08Level Rise\uff09\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300c\u30dc\u30c8\u30e0\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u578b\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u300d\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u5834\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5192\u982d\u6587\u3092\u5f37\u5f15\u306b\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3068\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3092\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u8981\u65e8\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u672b\u5c3e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d50\u8a9e\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u5e38\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u4e8c\u91cd\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u524d\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u300c\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\uff09\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u304c\u8907\u5408\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5192\u982d\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\uff09\u304c\u81ea\u8aac\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u300d\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u9451\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff09Emerging biotechnologies are fundamentally redefining traditional boundaries between natural organic life and synthetic material systems.] [\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u652f\u6301\u6587\uff09In bioengineering laboratories, for example, researchers have successfully synthesized hybrid cellular membranes that combine living lipid bilayers with inorganic metallic nanoparticles.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c 1 \u6587\u306e\u300c\u5408\u6210\u6750\u6599\u3068\u6709\u6a5f\u751f\u547d\u306e\u5883\u754c\u306e\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u7b2c 2 \u6587\u304c&nbsp;<code>for example<\/code>\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u300c\u8102\u8cea\u4e8c\u91cd\u5c64\u3068\u91d1\u5c5e\u30ca\u30ce\u7c92\u5b50\u306e\u5408\u6210\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9f\u9a13\u7d50\u679c\u3078\u3068\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: In bioengineering laboratories, researchers successfully synthesized hybrid cellular membranes combining living lipid bilayers with inorganic metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, all future medical implants will be composed of synthetic cellular materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u5b9f\u9a13\u6210\u529f\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u304b\u3089\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5c06\u6765\u4e88\u6e2c\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u5f37\u5f15\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7d71\u62ec\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6587\u306b\u3088\u308b\u88dc\u5f37\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: [\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff09Cognitive biases systematically distort human decision-making processes under conditions of financial uncertainty.] [\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u652f\u6301\u6587\uff09Empirical behavioral data demonstrates that investors consistently exhibit loss aversion, valuing a prevented financial loss twice as strongly as an equivalent monetary gain.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c 1 \u6587\u306e\u300c\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306e\u6b6a\u307f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u304c\u3001\u7b2c 2 \u6587\u306e\u300c\u6295\u8cc7\u5bb6\u306e\u640d\u5931\u56de\u907f\u50be\u5411\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u6ed1\u3089\u304b\u306b\u968e\u5c64\u964d\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: [\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff09Anthropogenic climate shifts are disrupting global agricultural productivity through unpredictable precipitation anomalies.] [\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u30fb\u652f\u6301\u6587\uff09In Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, prolonged drought cycles have reduced cereal crop yields by nearly thirty percent over the past decade.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7b2c 1 \u6587\u306e\u300c\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7523\u6027\u306e\u5d29\u58ca\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u547d\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u7b2c 2 \u6587\u304c\u300c\u30b5\u30d6\u30b5\u30cf\u30e9\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7a40\u7269\u53ce\u91cf 30% \u6e1b\u5c11\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u547d\u984c\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u652f\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u793a\u30fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u5fa9\u5143\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8aad\u89e3\u554f\u984c\u3084\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u8981\u7d04\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u5b9f\u9a13\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u300d\u306e\u307f\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c\u6307\u3057\u793a\u3059\u300c\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4e3b\u984c\uff09\u300d\u304c\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7a7a\u6240\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6587\u7ae0\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u653b\u7565\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5171\u901a\u3057\u3066\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u300d\u3092\u629c\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u3068\u9006\u7b97\u30fb\u6607\u83ef\u3055\u305b\u308b\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u5fa9\u5143\u624b\u9806\uff08Abstraction Recovery\uff09\u300d\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30d4\u30bd\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u7269\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u8aad\u3080\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u4f8b\u793a\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u771f\u306e\u8a00\u8aac\u76ee\u7684\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u300c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6349\u3048\u76f4\u3057\u3001\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u5fa9\u5143\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5b9f\u9a13\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u4f8b: \u7570\u306a\u308b\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3001\u8907\u6570\u56fd\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u3092\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3001\u5404\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306e\u5171\u901a\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u62bd\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5171\u901a\u8981\u7d20\u304b\u3089\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3001\u56fd\u306e\u540d\u524d\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u6368\u8c61\u3057\u3001\u300c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u3001\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\uff09\u300d\u304c\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u62bd\u8c61\u8a9e\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3078\u3068\u7ffb\u8a33\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7ffb\u8a33\u3055\u308c\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u300c[\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5 A] \u306f [\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6027\u8cea B] \u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3001\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u306e\u6b63\u89e3\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3084\u8981\u7d04\u6587\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4ee3\u5165\u30fb\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5fa9\u5143\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6ce8\u610f\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4f8b\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\uff08Over-generalization\uff09\u300d\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u306b\u5e83\u7bc4\u3067\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f8b: \u300c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u9ce5\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u300d\u304b\u3089\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u751f\u7269\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u300d\u3078\uff09\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u4e0a\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u98db\u8e8d\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u8a18\u53f7\u306e\u8aa4\u7528\uff09\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5fa9\u5143\u3055\u308c\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u3001\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u5341\u5206\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\uff08\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u306b\u7559\u3081\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9650\u754c\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \uff08\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff09In experiments, ants share food with injured nestmates, wolves coordinate hunting roles to feed elderly pack members, and primates groom individuals unable to reciprocate immediately. \u2192 [\uff08\u5fa9\u5143\u3055\u308c\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\uff09Altruistic behaviors in non-human social species are systematically maintained through evolutionarily hardwired mechanisms of cooperative interdependence.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u30a2\u30ea\u30fb\u72fc\u30fb\u970a\u9577\u985e\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u76f8\u4e92\u6276\u52a9\u884c\u52d5\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u6368\u3066\u3066\u300c\u975e\u4eba\u9593\u793e\u4f1a\u7a2e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u7dad\u6301\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Ants share food with injured nestmates, and wolves coordinate hunting roles to feed elderly pack members. Therefore, all non-human animals possess moral conscience identical to human ethical systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u4f8b\u304b\u3089\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u502b\u7406\u7684\u9053\u5fb3\u5fc3\u3092\u6301\u3064\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u5ea6\u306b\u98db\u8e8d\u3057\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fa9\u5143\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u306a\u3044\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \uff08\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff09A company that removed hierarchical job titles saw employee initiative rise by 40%, and a medical clinic that eliminated rigid operational protocols reduced diagnostic errors by half. \u2192 [\uff08\u5fa9\u5143\u3055\u308c\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\uff09The dismantling of rigid institutional bureaucratization fosters organizational adaptability and operational efficacy.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f01\u696d\u306e\u5f79\u8077\u5ec3\u6b62\u3068\u30af\u30ea\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u5ec3\u6b62\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u3001\u300c\u786c\u76f4\u7684\u306a\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u304c\u9069\u5fdc\u6027\u3068\u52b9\u7387\u6027\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u7d4c\u55b6\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \uff08\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff09Historical data shows that urban centers near major river deltas consistently developed complex trade networks, while landlocked mountain settlements primarily developed localized agrarian economies. \u2192 [\uff08\u5fa9\u5143\u3055\u308c\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\uff09Geographical topography fundamentally conditions the structural evolution and commercial scope of human civilizations.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u30c7\u30eb\u30bf\u90fd\u5e02\u3068\u5c71\u5cb3\u96c6\u843d\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u304b\u3089\u3001\u300c\u5730\u7406\u7684\u5730\u5f62\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u6587\u660e\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u9032\u5316\u3068\u5546\u696d\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u3092\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u898f\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u30fb\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u5b9f\u9a13\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u6f5c\u3080\u5171\u901a\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u629c\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u771f\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u78ba\u3055\u3067\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306b\u4f9d\u62e0\u3057\u306a\u3044\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001<code>however<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>therefore<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>for example<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff08\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u63a5\u7d9a\u526f\u8a5e\uff09\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u307e\u307e\u3001\u6587\u3068\u6587\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6bb5\u843d\u3068\u6bb5\u843d\u304c\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u63a5\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u7d50\u675f\u6027\uff08Cohesion\uff09\u3084\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u9023\u9396\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5bfe\u7167\u6027\u304b\u3089\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6f14\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3068\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3068\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6587\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u8ef8\u304c\u3001\u300c\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027\uff08Lexical Cohesion\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u306e\u9023\u9396\uff09\u300d\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u5358\u7d14\u53cd\u5fa9\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3067\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u3001\u4e0a\u4f4d\u30fb\u4e0b\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u88dc\u8db3\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u540c\u5f62\u53cd\u5fa9\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\uff09\u3078\u3068\u59ff\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u9023\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6587 1 \u306e\u6982\u5ff5 A\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u304c\u3001\u6587 2 \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5225\u306e\u8868\u73fe A&#8217;\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3078\u3068\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u7121\u304f\u3066\u3082\u300c\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u88dc\u5f37\uff08\u30a4\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u95a2\u4fc2\uff09\u300d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u304c\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u6f14\u7b97\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u305f\u3073\u306b\u5225\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u932f\u899a\u3057\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u306a\u3044\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u7cf8\u3092\u65ad\u3061\u5207\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u3068\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u9593\u306e\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u3001\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u540c\u4f4d\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587 1 \u306e\u6587\u672b\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u52d5\u8a5e\u6982\u5ff5 A \u3092\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30c1\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587 2 \u306e\u6587\u982d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3057\u3001\u6982\u5ff5 A \u306e\u300c\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>stringent<\/code>&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;<code>rigorous<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u5909\u63db\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>vaccine<\/code>&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;<code>medical intervention<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u300c\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>analyze<\/code>&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;<code>this analytical approach<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8868\u73fe A&#8217; \u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u6587 1\uff08A\uff09= \u6587 2\uff08A&#8217;\uff09\u300d\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u304c\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306a\u3057\u3067\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u88dc\u5f37\u30fb\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u7684\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u300d\u3068\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u5f62\u306f\u985e\u4f3c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u3084\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>explicit knowledge<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>tacit knowledge<\/code>\uff09\u304c\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u540c\u4f4d\uff08\u30a4\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\uff08\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ef8\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3068\u3001\u9006\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6587\u3092\u540c\u4f4d\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6975\u6027\uff08\u8a55\u4fa1\u3084\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u6709\u7121\uff09\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u591a\u91cd\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The research team implemented [rigorous protocols] to minimize experimental error in the clinical trial. These [stringent safety measures] ensured that no contaminated samples compromised the validity of the data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587 1 \u306e&nbsp;<code>rigorous protocols<\/code>\uff08\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u898f\u5b9a\uff09\u304c\u3001\u6587 2 \u3067&nbsp;<code>stringent safety measures<\/code>\uff08\u53b3\u91cd\u306a\u5b89\u5168\u5bfe\u7b56\uff09\u3078\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u306b\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3055\u308c\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306a\u3057\u3067\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u88dc\u5f37\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08A = A&#8217;\uff09\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The research team implemented rigorous protocols to minimize experimental error in the clinical trial. On the contrary, these stringent safety measures ensured that no contaminated samples compromised the data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u88dc\u5f37\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u306e\u9593\u306b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u793a\u3059&nbsp;<code>On the contrary<\/code>\uff08\u305d\u308c\u3069\u3053\u308d\u304b\uff09\u304c\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306b\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u793a\u3059\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u304c\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Modern corporations are increasingly driven by [algorithmic automation] in their daily logistics operations. This [technological reliance on machine-learning systems] has dramatically reduced human error in inventory tracking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587 1 \u306e&nbsp;<code>algorithmic automation<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u3001\u6587 2 \u306e\u6587\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>This technological reliance on machine-learning systems<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3078\u3068\u62e1\u5927\u3055\u308c\u3066\u53d7\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u540c\u4f4d\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: The scientists identified a profound [historiographical disparity] regarding the causes of the ancient civilization\u2019s collapse. [This analytical divergence] among scholars stems from conflicting interpretations of carbon-dated archaeological artifacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587 1 \u306e\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>historiographical disparity<\/code>\uff08\u6b74\u53f2\u8a18\u8ff0\u4e0a\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\u304c\u3001\u6587 2 \u3067&nbsp;<code>This analytical divergence<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u306e\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u306e\u76f8\u9055\uff09\u3068\u5e73\u6613\u306b\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u89e3\u8aad\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u5b8c\u7d50\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3092\u6b20\u3044\u305f\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u3068\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u6587\u9593\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u4e26\u5217\u30fb\u5217\u6319\u30fb\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6587\u9593\u30fb\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u540c\u4f4d\u95a2\u4fc2\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u300d\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u300d\u300c\u5217\u6319\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u300c\u5bfe\u7167\u6027\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\uff09\u300d\u3001\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\uff08<code>this<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>these<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u53d7\u5bb9\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ef8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6587 1 \u304c&nbsp;<code>Quantitative methods measure X<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u6587 2 \u304c&nbsp;<code>Qualitative approaches interpret Y<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9593\u306b&nbsp;<code>however<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u7121\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u300cX vs Y\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u6f14\u7b97\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>This<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e\u4ed8\u304d\u540d\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>The result<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u6b21\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u305a\u306b\u524d\u6587\u3092\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u3057\u6b21\u6587\u3092\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3059\u308b\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u63a5\u7d9a\u300d\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6709\u7121\u306b\u4e00\u5207\u5de6\u53f3\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u8ffd\u8de1\u529b\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9023\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u6587\u3084\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u5f59\uff08\u904e\u53bb vs \u73fe\u5728\u3001\u7406\u8ad6 vs \u5b9f\u8df5\u3001A \u793e vs B \u793e\uff09\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u524d\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u53e5\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5bfe\u7acb\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\uff08A vs B\uff09\u300d\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7d50\u679c\u30fb\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u300c\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u539f\u56e0 \u2192 \u7d50\u679c\uff09\u300d\u3001\u540c\u7a2e\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u4e26\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u300c\u5217\u6319\uff08A + B\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u4e8c\u6587\u9593\u306b\u4eee\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4eee\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6587\u6587\u9593\u306e\u601d\u8003\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3092\u88dc\u88dc\u3057\u305f\u5f62\uff08\u300c\u3057\u304b\u3057\u300d\u300c\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u300d\u300c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u300d\uff09\u3067\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5c0e\u51fa\u624b\u9806\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9650\u754c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u985e\u4f3c\u306e\u5217\u6319\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30eb\u306a\u4e8b\u4f8b\u7d39\u4ecb\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u9762\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u304c\u4f3c\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u6975\u6027\u304c\u540c\u4e00\uff08\u4f8b: \u300cA \u3082\u6210\u529f\u3057\u3001B \u3082\u6210\u529f\u3057\u305f\u300d\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u5217\u6319\u30fb\u985e\u4f3c\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u306b\u53cd\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u300c\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\uff08\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1 vs \u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u3001\u5909\u5316 vs \u7dad\u6301\uff09\u300d\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: Early industrial manufacturing relied on centralized physical factories and manual labor lines. [Modern digital enterprises operate through decentralized cloud networks and automated algorithmic workflows.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u6bd4\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001<code>Early...<\/code>\uff08\u904e\u53bb\uff09vs&nbsp;<code>Modern...<\/code>\uff08\u73fe\u5728\uff09\u3001<code>centralized physical factories<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>decentralized cloud networks<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08A vs B\uff09\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Early industrial manufacturing relied on centralized physical factories. Similarly, modern digital enterprises operate through decentralized cloud networks and automated algorithmic workflows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u904e\u53bb\u306e\u96c6\u4e2d\u578b\u5de5\u5834\u3068\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u5206\u6563\u578b\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u3068\u3044\u3046\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u5bfe\u7acb\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u63cf\u304d\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u985e\u4f3c\u3092\u793a\u3059&nbsp;<code>Similarly<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ef8\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u304c\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u305f\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: The research team failed to control the ambient laboratory temperature during the third phase of the experiment. [This oversight] led directly to the thermal degradation of the active chemical reagents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u524d\u6587\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u5931\u6557\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u6587\u5192\u982d\u3067&nbsp;<code>This oversight<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u306e\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\uff09\u3068\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u3001\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u3092\u3066\u3053\u3068\u3057\u3066\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306a\u3057\u3067\u300c\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\uff09\u2192 \u7d50\u679c\uff08\u8a66\u85ac\u306e\u52a3\u5316\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: The anterior cortex processes immediate, short-term sensory stimuli. [The posterior region, in contrast, integrates complex long-term memory representations.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8133\u306e\u90e8\u4f4d\uff08\u524d\u90e8 vs \u5f8c\u90e8\uff09\u3068\u6a5f\u80fd\uff08\u5373\u6642\u7684 vs \u9577\u671f\u7684\uff09\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8ef8\u304c\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u304c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3092\u6b20\u3044\u305f\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u306e\u53d7\u5bb9\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6f14\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u306e\u691c\u77e5\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u554f\u984c\u3084\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\uff08True\/False\uff09\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u3092\u6700\u3082\u82e6\u3057\u3081\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u5de7\u5999\u306b\u4f3c\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u7bc4\u56f2\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u300c\u7f60\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u306e\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\uff08Truth Value\uff09\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\u3001\u983b\u5ea6\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3084\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\uff08Flaw\uff09\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u691c\u77e5\u30fb\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u672c\u6587\u547d\u984c\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\uff08Truth Value\uff09\u7167\u5408\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3068\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u3092\u611f\u899a\u7684\u306a\u300c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u96f0\u56f2\u6c17\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u5ba2\u89b3\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c A \u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c B \u3092\u300c\u771f\u507d\u5024\uff08Truth Value: \u771f T \/ \u507d F \/ \u672a\u5224\u5b9a U\uff09\u300d\u306e\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7167\u5408\u3078\u3068\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u7f60\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3084\u719f\u8a9e\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6563\u308a\u3070\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u89aa\u8fd1\u611f\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u300c\u91cf\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u304b\u7279\u79f0\u304b\uff09\u300d\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u7d76\u5bfe\u304b\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u304b\uff09\u300d\u300c\u6975\u6027\uff08\u80af\u5b9a\u304b\u5426\u5b9a\u304b\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5fae\u7d30\u306b\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304c&nbsp;<code>Some researchers suggest X<\/code>\uff08\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c X \u3092\u793a\u5506\uff09\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c&nbsp;<code>Scientists have proven X<\/code>\uff08\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304c X \u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3068\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306f F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u547d\u984c\u7167\u5408\u3092\u884c\u3046\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u30de\u30c3\u30c1\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u305f\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3092\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u5931\u70b9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6587\u3092\u300c\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff08Subject\uff09\u300d\u300c\u8ff0\u8a9e\u30fb\u6761\u4ef6\uff08Predicate\/Condition\uff09\u300d\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7bc4\u56f2\uff08Scope\uff09\u300d\u306e 3 \u8981\u7d20\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c A \u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c B \u306e\u9593\u3067\u300c\u7bc4\u56f2\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>all<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>some<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u300c\u983b\u5ea6\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>always<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>often<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u3055\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>only if<\/code>&nbsp;vs&nbsp;<code>if<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7167\u5408\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092 T\uff08\u771f\uff09\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u77db\u76fe\u3084\u8a87\u5f35\u30fb\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092 F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u4e00\u5207\u306a\u304f\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3092 U\uff08\u672a\u5224\u5b9a\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u985e\u5225\u3057\u3001T \u306e\u5024\u3092\u6301\u3064\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u3073\u51fa\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\uff08\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\uff09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u771f\uff08T\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6b63\u89e3\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8868\u5c64\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u8a9e\u3084\u5168\u304f\u5225\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u547d\u984c\u3092\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308b\uff08\u4f8b: \u672c\u6587&nbsp;<code>reduce the risk<\/code>&nbsp;\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2&nbsp;<code>mitigate the likelihood<\/code>\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u306f\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b T\uff08\u771f\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u7406\u7531\u306b\u8aa4\u3063\u3066 F \u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\uff08A \u2261 B\uff09\u300d\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011The clinical trial indicated that [certain genetically predisposed patients] might experience mild side effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011The new pharmaceutical drug inevitably causes adverse medical reactions in all patients receiving treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>certain genetically predisposed<\/code>\uff08\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u7d20\u56e0\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9650\u5b9a\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c&nbsp;<code>inevitably<\/code>\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u306b\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073&nbsp;<code>in all patients<\/code>\uff08\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u60a3\u8005\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff09\u3068\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u30fb\u8a87\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306f F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The new pharmaceutical drug causes mild side effects in specific patient groups with particular genetic backgrounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f8b1\u306e\u672c\u6587\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092&nbsp;<code>specific patient groups with particular genetic backgrounds<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u5e73\u6613\u306b\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3068\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306f T\uff08\u771f\uff09\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002(\u6b63\u89e3\u69cb\u9020\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011The economic report noted that while inflation slowed down, [consumer confidence remained temporarily depressed].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011Because the economic report proved that consumer confidence completely recovered, the central bank decided to lower interest rates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>remained temporarily depressed<\/code>\uff08\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u305f\u307e\u307e\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c&nbsp;<code>completely recovered<\/code>\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u56de\u5fa9\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3068\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306f F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011Anthropologists observe that language evolution is [often influenced] by trade relationships between neighboring tribes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011Trade relationships between neighboring tribes constitute the sole determinant of human language evolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>often influenced<\/code>\uff08\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u8981\u56e0\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c&nbsp;<code>the sole determinant<\/code>\uff08\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u56e0\uff09\u3068\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u5168\u79f0\u3078\u3068\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306f F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u547d\u984c\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u4e0a\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u5ba2\u89b3\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u7bc4\u56f2\u30fb\u983b\u5ea6\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u304a\u3088\u3073\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u306e\u6392\u9664\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u4e0d\u6b63\u89e3\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u306b\u306f\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u300c\u4f5c\u6210\u306e\u578b\uff08Error Patterns\uff09\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u683c\u304c\u3001\u2460\u300c\u7bc4\u56f2\u30fb\u91cf\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\uff08\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u5168\u4f53\u3078\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u9006\uff09\u300d\u3001\u2461\u300c\u983b\u5ea6\u30fb\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u3078\uff09\u300d\u3001\u2462\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\uff08\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u53cd\u8ee2\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u56e0\u679c\u3078\u6607\u83ef\uff09\u300d\u3001\u2463\u300c\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u30fb\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u4ed8\u3051\u8db3\u3057\uff08\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u65e8\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3060\u304c\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u306a\u3044\uff09\u300d\u306e 4 \u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u300c\u306a\u3093\u3068\u306a\u304f\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u300d\u3067\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u305f\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u81ea\u529b\u3067\u691c\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089 4 \u5927\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u4ed5\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3059\u308b\u6392\u9664\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e 4 \u5927\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\uff08\u7bc4\u56f2\u30fb\u983b\u5ea6\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u4e2d\u306e\u5168\u79f0\u8a9e\uff08<code>all<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>every<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>always<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>never<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>solely<\/code>\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3092\u793a\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u3092\u56f2\u3044\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u304c\u540c\u3058\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u9650\u5b9a\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u8a87\u5f35\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u4e2d\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08<code>cause<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>lead to<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>result from<\/code>\uff09\u3084\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u539f\u56e0 A \u2192 \u7d50\u679c B\u300d\u306e\u5411\u304d\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u5411\u304d\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\uff08B \u2192 A\uff09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7121\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a 2 \u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u56e0\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\uff08\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300c\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306e\u5e38\u8b58\u3084\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\uff08\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\uff09\u300d\u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u8db3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u4e0d\u80fd\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08U \u5024\uff09\u3092\u672a\u7df4\u306a\u304f\u524a\u304e\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u6392\u9664\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4f8b\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u542b\u610f\uff08Implication\uff09\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300d\u3068\u300c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\uff08\u7121\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u63a8\u6e2c\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5883\u754c\u5224\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c P \u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\uff08P \u22a8 Q\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u547d\u984c Q\uff08\u4f8b: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u5408\u683c\u3057\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u8005\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082 1 \u4eba\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u300d\uff09\u306f\u3001\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u771f\u306e\u542b\u610f\uff08T\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6587\u5b57\u901a\u308a\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u547d\u984c\u304b\u3089\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011Deforestation in tropical regions [has been associated with] changes in localized rainfall patterns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011Deforestation in tropical regions directly causes the complete cessation of rainfall across the entire continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u7684\u8868\u73fe&nbsp;<code>has been associated with<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u9806\u76ee\u56e0\u679c&nbsp;<code>directly causes<\/code>&nbsp;\u3078\u3068\u5f37\u5f15\u306b\u6607\u83ef\u3055\u305b\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b&nbsp;<code>localized<\/code>\uff08\u5c40\u6240\u7684\uff09\u3092&nbsp;<code>across the entire continent<\/code>\uff08\u5927\u9678\u5168\u4f53\uff09\u3078\u8a87\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3001\u56e0\u679c\uff0b\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011The archaeological team discovered ancient clay pottery containing traces of fermented grain, suggesting early agricultural practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011The discovery of clay pottery proves that ancient humans produced wine for ceremonial religious rituals every day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>fermented grain<\/code>\uff08\u767a\u9175\u3057\u305f\u7a40\u7269\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u4e00\u5207\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u306a\u3044&nbsp;<code>wine for ceremonial religious rituals<\/code>\uff08\u5b97\u6559\u5100\u5f0f\u7528\u306e\u30ef\u30a4\u30f3\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073&nbsp;<code>every day<\/code>\uff08\u6bce\u65e5\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u63a8\u6e2c\u300d\u3092\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u8db3\u3057\u305f\u3001\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306e\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Changes in localized precipitation in tropical regions are linked to the clearing of native forest lands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f8b1\u306e\u672c\u6587\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001<code>Deforestation<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092&nbsp;<code>clearing of native forest lands<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u306e\u306a\u3044\u6b63\u89e3\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08T\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002(\u6b63\u89e3\u69cb\u9020\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011While many participants reported reduced anxiety after meditating, [some individuals showed no measurable change].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011Meditation guarantees a complete elimination of anxiety symptoms for every individual who practices it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>some individuals showed no measurable change<\/code>\uff08\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u5909\u5316\u306a\u3057\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001<code>guarantees a complete elimination... for every individual<\/code>\uff08\u5168\u54e1\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u6ec5\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3068\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u3078\u6b6a\u66f2\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u6392\u9664\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u305f 4 \u5927\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6b8b\u3059\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u529b\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u9577\u6587\u8981\u7d04\u3068\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8981\u7d04\u3084\u5927\u610f\u628a\u63e1\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8aad\u8005\u304c\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u6700\u5927\u306e\u58c1\u306f\u300c\u3069\u3053\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u3001\u3069\u3053\u3092\u6368\u3066\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e\uff08Selection &amp; Omission\uff09\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u66d6\u6627\u3055\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u56f3\u5f0f\u5316\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u306a\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u3001\u88dc\u8db3\uff09\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u9aa8\u683c\u547d\u984c\u306e\u307f\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u4f8b\u793a\u30fb\u8b72\u6b69\u30fb\u88dc\u8db3\uff09\u306e\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3068\u9aa8\u683c\u62bd\u51fa\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9577\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u77ed\u304f\u8981\u7d04\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u64cd\u4f5c\u306f\u300c\u4f55\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u304b\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u4f55\u3092\u524a\u308b\u304b\uff08\u6368\u8c61\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\/\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u652f\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\uff08for example&#8230;\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u524d\u63d0\uff08Although&#8230;\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u88dc\u8db3\u7684\u633f\u5165\uff08\u540c\u683c\u3084\u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u89e3\u8aac\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u306f\u52a9\u3051\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8981\u7d04\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u8996\u8a8d\u6027\u3092\u963b\u5bb3\u3059\u308b\u300c\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u300d\u3078\u3068\u5316\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u89e3\u4f53\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u6570\u304c\u8db3\u308a\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u969b\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u524a\u308a\u3001\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3084\u4f8b\u793a\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f93\u9006\u8ee2\u306e\u7b54\u6848\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\uff08Hierarchy\uff09\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u624b\u9806\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3068\u9aa8\u683c\u62bd\u51fa\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\uff08<code>For example<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u624b\u9806\u3001\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u5217\u6319\uff09\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u633f\u5165\u30fb\u88dc\u8db3\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u30ab\u30f3\u30de\u3084\u30c0\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u3067\u631f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u633f\u5165\u53e5\u3001\u540c\u683c\u7bc0\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u62ec\u5f27\u306b\u5165\u308c\u3066\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3057\u3001\u8981\u7d04\u306e\u9078\u629e\u5019\u88dc\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u62ec\u3057\u3066\u9664\u5916\uff08\u8996\u899a\u7684\u906e\u65ad\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u8b72\u6b69\u6587\uff08<code>Although A, B<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>It is true A, but B<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0 A\uff08\u53cd\u5bfe\u6d3e\u3078\u306e\u914d\u616e\/\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u524a\u304e\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0 B\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\/\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6b8b\u3059\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6b8b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u306e\u307f\u3092\u9023\u7d50\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u3084\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3067\u7e4b\u304c\u3063\u305f\u300c\u9aa8\u683c\u547d\u984c\uff08Skeleton Statement\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4f8b\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u517c\u306d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u9762\u300d\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u300c\u3053\u306e\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5224\u660e\u3057\u305f X \u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u6cd5\u5247\u300d\u3068\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e8b\u4f8b\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u306f\u524a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7d50\u8ad6\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u306f\u9aa8\u683c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b8b\u3055\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b&nbsp;<code>For example<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u4e38\u3054\u3068\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u8a8d\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3010\u539f\u672c\u6587\u3011Although conventional economists long argued that market competition inherently prevents monopolies, modern digital platform markets demonstrate that network effects create winner-take-all dynamics. For instance, in the search engine industry, a single corporation captures over ninety percent of global market share, generating billions in advertising revenue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0\uff08\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073&nbsp;<code>For instance<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u691c\u7d22\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u4e00\u62ec\u3057\u3066\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u300c[\u9aa8\u683c\u62bd\u51fa] Modern digital platform markets demonstrate that network effects create winner-take-all dynamics.\uff08\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u30d7\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e0\u5e02\u5834\u3067\u306f\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u52dd\u8005\u7dcf\u53d6\u308a\u306e\u529b\u5b66\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\uff09\u300d\u306e\u307f\u3092\u8981\u7d04\u9aa8\u683c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u3010\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u8981\u7d04\u3011A single search engine corporation captured over ninety percent of global market share, proving that conventional economists were right about market competition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u3079\u304d\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u691c\u7d22\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u3092\u4e3b\u65e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u3001\u4e3b\u5f93\u9006\u8ee2\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u8981\u7d04\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u3010\u539f\u672c\u6587\u3011While early battery designs suffered from thermal instability, recent innovations in solid-state electrolytes have solved these safety hazards. To illustrate, solid-state cells tested at 100 degrees Celsius showed no degradation or combustion during stress trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0\uff08\u521d\u671f\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u6b20\u9665\uff09\u3068&nbsp;<code>To illustrate<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e 100 \u5ea6\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u300c[\u9aa8\u683c\u62bd\u51fa] Recent innovations in solid-state electrolytes have solved thermal safety hazards in battery technology.\uff08\u5168\u56fa\u4f53\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u306e\u9769\u65b0\u304c\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u71b1\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u306e\u5371\u967a\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3057\u305f\uff09\u300d\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u3010\u539f\u672c\u6587\u3011Genetic research has advanced rapidly. Specifically, in 2020, gene-editing therapies cured ten patients with sickle-cell disease. Ultimately, this breakthrough proves that precise genomic modification can permanently eradicate inherited metabolic disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192&nbsp;<code>Specifically<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e 2020 \u5e74\u306e 10 \u4f8b\u306e\u6cbb\u7642\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3001<code>Ultimately<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u6355\u6349\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c[\u9aa8\u683c\u62bd\u51fa] Precise genomic modification can permanently eradicate inherited metabolic disorders.\uff08\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u30b2\u30ce\u30e0\u7de8\u96c6\u304c\u907a\u4f1d\u6027\u4ee3\u8b1d\u75be\u60a3\u3092\u6c38\u4e45\u306b\u64b2\u6ec5\u3067\u304d\u308b\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8981\u7d04\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u771f\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u547d\u984c\u306e\u307f\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\uff08\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8981\u7d04\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3092\u5358\u306b\u7b87\u6761\u66f8\u304d\u3067\u7e4b\u304e\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u3082\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u300c\u5e8f\u8ad6\uff08\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u8d77\/\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u672c\u8ad6 A\uff08\u5bfe\u7acb\u8aac\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u672c\u8ad6 B\uff08\u81ea\u8aac\u306e\u5b9f\u8a3c\/\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7d50\u8ad6\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\/\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Macro-Hierarchy\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3042\u308b\u6bb5\u843d\u304c\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u7acb\u6d3e\u306a\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8aac\u300d\u3092\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u306f\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u76f8\u4e92\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u63a5\u7d9a\uff08\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u767a\u5c55\uff09\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u9802\u70b9\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u300c\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\uff08Macro-Topic\uff09\u300d\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u518d\u7de8\u6210\u3059\u308b\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5168\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u4e26\u5217\u3057\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\uff08\u4f8b: \u6bb5\u843d 1=\u8ab2\u984c\u63d0\u793a \u2192 \u6bb5\u843d 2=\u5f93\u6765\u8aac A \u2192 \u6bb5\u843d 3=\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e&nbsp;<code>However<\/code>&nbsp;+ \u7b46\u8005\u8aac B \u2192 \u6bb5\u843d 4=\u8aac B \u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u3092\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u300c\u4e3b\u8aac\u6bb5\u843d\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u6bb5\u843d\/\u4f8b: \u6bb5\u843d 3 \u3068 4\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u300c\u524d\u63d0\u6bb5\u843d\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u6bb5\u843d\/\u4f8b: \u6bb5\u843d 1 \u3068 2\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u524d\u63d0\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u301c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u306a\u8db3\u5834\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3001\u300c\u4e3b\u8aac\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u301c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u5224\u660e\u3057\u3001\u301c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u81f3\u308b\uff09\u300d\u3092\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u6587\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6570\u6587\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8981\u7d04\u6587\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u624b\u9806\u306e\u904b\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u8907\u6570\u8ad6\u70b9\u4e26\u5217\u578b\uff08Multi-Topic\uff09\u300d\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u300cA \u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b 3 \u3064\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u300d\u3092\u5bfe\u7b49\u306a\u91cd\u307f\u3067\u4e26\u5217\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3060\u3051\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u4ed6\u3092\u6368\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e26\u5217\u578b\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u500b\u5225\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\u3092\u6368\u8c61\u3057\u3001\u300c\u301c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b 3 \u3064\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\uff08\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u6bb5\u843d\u7fa4\u3092\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u30fb\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\u3057\u3066\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3010\u6bb5\u843d 1\u3011\u6c34\u4e0d\u8db3\u306e\u6df1\u523b\u5316\uff08\u8ab2\u984c\uff09\u3002\u3010\u6bb5\u843d 2\u3011\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u30c0\u30e0\u5efa\u8a2d\uff08\u65e7\u5bfe\u7b56\/\u5931\u6557\uff09\u3002\u3010\u6bb5\u843d 3\u3011<code>However<\/code>\u3001\u6d77\u6c34\u6de1\u6c34\u5316\u6280\u8853\u306e\u4f4e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u5316\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u65b0\u8aac\/\u6210\u529f\uff09\u3002\u3010\u6bb5\u843d 4\u3011\u6cbf\u5cb8\u90fd\u5e02\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6c34\u81ea\u7d66\u306e\u5b9f\u73fe\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6bb5\u843d 1\u30fb2 \u3092\u300c\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u8db3\u5834\uff08\u6c34\u4e0d\u8db3\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7269\u5bfe\u7b56\u304c\u9650\u754c\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u308b\u4e2d\uff09\u300d\u3068\u77ed\u7e2e\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u6bb5\u843d 3\u30fb4 \u3092\u4e3b\u8aac\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u305f\u300c[\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8981\u7d04] \u6c34\u4e0d\u8db3\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7269\u5bfe\u7b56\u304c\u9650\u754c\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u308b\u4e2d\u3001\u4f4e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6d77\u6c34\u6de1\u6c34\u5316\u6280\u8853\u304c\u6cbf\u5cb8\u90fd\u5e02\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u6c34\u81ea\u7d66\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b8c\u74a7\u306a\u8981\u7d04\u6587\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u3010\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u8981\u7d04\u3011\u6c34\u4e0d\u8db3\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u30c0\u30e0\u5efa\u8a2d\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3067\u63a8\u9032\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6210\u679c\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u70b9\uff08\u6bb5\u843d 3 \u306e&nbsp;<code>However<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6bb5\u843d 2 \u306e\u65e7\u5bfe\u7b56\u3092\u3042\u305f\u304b\u3082\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u3001\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u305f\u8981\u7d04\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u3010\u6bb5\u843d 1\u3011\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u71b1\u6ce2\u306e\u5897\u5316\uff08\u8ab2\u984c\uff09\u3002\u3010\u6bb5\u843d 2\u3011\u90fd\u5e02\u7dd1\u5316\u306e\u63a8\u9032\uff08\u5bfe\u7b56 1\uff09\u3002\u3010\u6bb5\u843d 3\u3011\u9ad8\u53cd\u5c04\u5857\u6599\u306e\u63a1\u7528\uff08\u5bfe\u7b56 2\uff09\u3002\u3010\u6bb5\u843d 4\u3011\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30c8\u51b7\u5374\u30b0\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\uff08\u5bfe\u7b56 3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 3 \u3064\u306e\u5bfe\u7b56\u304c\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5404\u7d30\u90e8\u3092\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\u3057\u3001\u300c[\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8981\u7d04] \u6df1\u523b\u5316\u3059\u308b\u90fd\u5e02\u71b1\u6ce2\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u7dd1\u5316\u30fb\u9ad8\u53cd\u5c04\u6750\u6599\u30fb\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30c8\u51b7\u5374\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8907\u5408\u7684\u306a\u90fd\u5e02\u5de5\u5b66\u7684\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u304c\u71b1\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u7de9\u548c\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3002\u300d\u3068\u7d71\u5408\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u3010\u6bb5\u843d 1\u3011AI \u306b\u3088\u308b\u533b\u7642\u8a3a\u65ad\u306e\u666e\u53ca\uff08\u80cc\u666f\uff09\u3002\u3010\u6bb5\u843d 2\u3011\u8aa4\u8a3a\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3078\u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\uff08\u53cd\u5bfe\u6d3e\u306e\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3002\u3010\u6bb5\u843d 3\u3011<code>In reality<\/code>\u3001\u533b\u5e2b\u3068\u306e\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u904b\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8df3\u8e8d\uff08\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6bb5\u843d 2 \u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7acb\u3066\u5f79\u306b\u7559\u3081\u3001\u6bb5\u843d 3 \u306e\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u904b\u7528\u3092\u6838\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c[\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8981\u7d04] AI \u8a3a\u65ad\u306e\u8aa4\u8a3a\u61f8\u5ff5\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u306e\u5354\u50cd\u904b\u7528\u3053\u305d\u304c\u533b\u7642\u8a3a\u65ad\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u98db\u8e8d\u3055\u305b\u308b\u771f\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u76f8\u4e92\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u9802\u70b9\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u306e\u306a\u3044\u8981\u7d04\u6587\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u8996\u70b9\u30fb\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u306e\u540c\u5b9a\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u65cb\u56de\u3059\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u610f\u898b\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\uff09\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u304b\u3089\u81ea\u8aac\u3078\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\uff08\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u8a9e\u5f59\uff09\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u306e\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\uff08Pivot Point\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\uff09\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8aac\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u306e\u753b\u5b9a\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6700\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306e\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u9665\u308b\u7f60\u304c\u300c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3084\u4e16\u9593\u306e\u901a\u5ff5\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\uff09\u3092\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u81ea\u8aac\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306e\u5148\u9032\u6027\u3084\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u5e8f\u8ad6\u3084\u5404\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u306f\u301c\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u304d\u305f\uff08<code>Many scholars have argued that...<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u306f\u301c\u3068\u4fe1\u3058\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08<code>It is widely believed that...<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u3092\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u300c\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u300d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u5f62\u6210\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u304b\u3089\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8aac\u3078\u306e\u300c\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u300d\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u753b\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u3092\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3060\u3068\u932f\u899a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8a00\u8aac\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5f15\u304f\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u3092\u753b\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u30fb\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u306e\u6a19\u8b58\uff08<code>Conventionally<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>According to traditional models<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Some researchers claim<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\/\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9818\u57df\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u65cb\u56de\u6a19\u8b58\uff08<code>However<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>In reality<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Recent data contradicts this<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Yet<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\u5730\u70b9\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3092\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u3068\u81ea\u8aac\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u5883\u754c\u7dda\uff08Pivot Line\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u547d\u984c\u306e\u307f\u3092\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u81ea\u8aac\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\/\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5207\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3066\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7167\u5408\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u753b\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6ce8\u610f\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4f8b\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u3078\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff08\u627f\u8a8d\uff09\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac A \u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300cA \u306b\u306f\u4e00\u7406\u3042\u308b\u304c\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u627f\u8a8d\uff09\u3001B \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u554f\u984c\u70b9\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306b\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff08A \u304b B \u304b\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac A \u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u300d\u3068\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8aac B \u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u7bc4\u56f2\u300d\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u65cb\u56de\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u8a9e\uff08<code>partially valid<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>insufficient<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4f5c\u696d\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: [\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\uff09For decades, classical economists maintained that free market competition automatically corrects supply-demand imbalances without government intervention.] | [\u5883\u754c\u7dda: However] [\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8aac\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\uff09empirical observations of modern financial panics reveal that unregulated markets systematically amplify systemic volatility.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5883\u754c\u7dda&nbsp;<code>However<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u631f\u3093\u3067\u3001\u524d\u534a\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u8aac\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\uff09\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u300c\u4e0d\u898f\u5236\u5e02\u5834\u304c\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u7684\u5909\u52d5\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u6279\u5224\u7684\u81ea\u8aac\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Classical economists maintained that free market competition automatically corrects supply-demand imbalances, and this remains the most flawless economic principle today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f8b1\u306e\u672c\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\uff08\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u3092\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u81ea\u8aac\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u305f\u3001\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u7121\u8996\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: [\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\uff09It was long assumed by evolutionary biologists that species adaptation occurs exclusively through slow, linear genetic mutations over millions of years.] | [\u5883\u754c\u7dda: Recent epigenetic research demonstrates, on the contrary,] [\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8aac\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\uff09that environmental stressors can trigger rapid, transgenerational phenotypic shifts within a single generation.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5883\u754c\u7dda&nbsp;<code>Recent epigenetic research demonstrates, on the contrary,<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u9045\u3044\u9032\u5316\u8aac\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a8\u30d4\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6025\u901f\u306a\u5f62\u8cea\u5909\u5316\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8aac\uff09\u3078\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u70b9\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5283\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: [\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\uff09Conventional wisdom dictates that automation inevitably leads to widespread structural unemployment across all labor sectors.] | [\u5883\u754c\u7dda: The reality, however, is] [\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8aac\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\uff09that technological transitions historically complement human labor, generating entirely novel occupational categories.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5883\u754c\u7dda&nbsp;<code>The reality, however, is<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\uff1d\u5931\u696d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e16\u9593\u306e\u901a\u5ff5\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\uff09\u3092\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u6280\u8853\u79fb\u884c\u304c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u8077\u696d\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u81ea\u8aac\u3092\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\uff09\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u81ea\u8aac\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u753b\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u524d\u63d0\u3092\u81ea\u8aac\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u5931\u70b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\uff08\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u8a9e\u5f59\uff09\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8ad6\u70b9\u306e\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u7279\u5b9a\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u9006\u63a5\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\uff08<code>however<\/code>&nbsp;\u7b49\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u610f\u898b\u304b\u3089\u81ea\u8aac\u3078\u3068\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4e3b\u5c0e\u6a29\u3092\u65cb\u56de\u3055\u305b\u308b\u77ac\u9593\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u3001\u300c\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u8a9e\u5f59\uff08Evaluative Lexicon\uff09\u300d\u306e\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3001\u4e0d\u6e80\u3001\u7591\u554f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u9650\u5b9a\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u30fb\u526f\u8a5e\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>so-called<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>merely<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>alleged<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>overly simplistic<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>dubious<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u5bc6\u304b\u306b\u5fcd\u3073\u8fbc\u307e\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u5834\u6240\u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u524d\u8ff0\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u3084\u901a\u5ff5\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4e0d\u4fe1\u306e\u7a81\u304d\u3064\u3051\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u81ea\u8aac\u3078\u3068\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u65cb\u56de\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u6f5c\u4f0f\u3057\u305f\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\uff08Submerged Pivot\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u5bdf\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3092\u6b20\u3044\u305f\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u554f\u984c\u610f\u8b58\u3068\u8ad6\u70b9\u306e\u65cb\u56de\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u6355\u6349\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u8a9e\u5f59\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u7279\u5b9a\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u8aac\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u4ed8\u968f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u30fb\u526f\u8a5e\uff08<code>mere<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>supposedly<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>superficial<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>uncritically<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u524d\u8ff0\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\uff08\u6279\u5224\u30fb\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u300d\u306e\u6975\u6027\u3092\u5411\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6b21\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5bfe\u6bd4\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\uff08\u65cb\u56de\u5f8c\u306e\u81ea\u8aac\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6355\u6349\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u8a9e\u5f59\uff08<code>groundbreaking<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>persuasive<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>robust<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u8a9e\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5426\u5b9a\u304b\u3089\u306e\u65cb\u56de\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u53d7\u5bb9\u30fb\u81ea\u8aac\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u63a1\u7528\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u5358\u306b\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u300c\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\uff08\u53d7\u5bb9\uff09\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300c\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\uff08\u6279\u5224\u30fb\u65cb\u56de\uff09\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u6975\u6027\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u9451\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The policy relies on the [so-called] economic stability generated by short-term fiscal stimulus. [In truth, these transient measures merely mask underlying structural deficits.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u306b\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6279\u5224\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>so-called<\/code>\uff08\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u301c\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073&nbsp;<code>merely mask<\/code>\uff08\u5358\u306b\u96a0\u853d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3060\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u77ed\u671f\u523a\u6fc0\u7b56\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u8d64\u5b57\u306e\u76f4\u8996\u3078\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u65cb\u56de\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The policy relies on the groundbreaking economic stability generated by short-term fiscal stimulus, which proved that transient measures are useless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>groundbreaking<\/code>\uff08\u753b\u671f\u7684\u306a\uff09\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u9006\u306b\u300c\u7121\u7528\u3060\u3068\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u6279\u5224\u7684\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u7834\u7dbb\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Advocates of the theory present a [seemingly plausible] explanation for the observed climate anomalies. [A closer inspection, however, exposes fundamental flaws in their data sampling methodology.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u8868\u73fe&nbsp;<code>seemingly plausible<\/code>\uff08\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u59a5\u5f53\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9650\u5b9a\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4e88\u671f\u3057\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e&nbsp;<code>exposes fundamental flaws<\/code>\uff08\u6839\u5e79\u7684\u6b20\u9665\u3092\u66b4\u304f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u6279\u5224\u7684\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: The study arrived at the [simplistic] conclusion that dietary changes alone could cure the chronic metabolic disorder. [This uncritical assumption ignores the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6279\u5224\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>simplistic<\/code>\uff08\u5358\u7d14\u3059\u304e\u308b\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073&nbsp;<code>uncritically<\/code>\uff08\u7121\u6279\u5224\u306b\uff09\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u98df\u4e8b\u5358\u72ec\u539f\u56e0\u8aac\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u907a\u4f1d\u3068\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u8907\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u3078\u3068\u65cb\u56de\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8a9e\u7528\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u6279\u5224\u610f\u8b58\u3068\u771f\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u306e\u65cb\u56de\u70b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16. \u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u30fb\u7570\u7a2e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd1\u5e74\u306e\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u3084\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u51fa\u984c\u304c\u6025\u5897\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8996\u70b9\u3084\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u6301\u3064\u300c\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u30fb\u7570\u7a2e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\uff08Multiple Documents\uff09\u300d\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304d\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u554f\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u300c\u540c\u4e00\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5bfe\u7acb\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3066\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u5171\u901a\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff11. \u7570\u7a2e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u540c\u4e00\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u547d\u984c\u306e\u7167\u5408\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6027\u8cea\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u4e8c\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\uff08\u4f8b: \u5b66\u8853\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587 A \u3068\u5b9f\u9a13\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5831\u544a B\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u8aac A \u3068 B\uff09\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5171\u901a\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\uff08Given\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8ef8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u300c\u540c\u4f4d\uff08\u88dc\u5f37\/\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\u300d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\uff08\u5bfe\u7acb\/\u77db\u76fe\uff09\u300d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5bfe\u7167\u8868\uff08Comparison Matrix\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306f\u3001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u3084\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u5168\u304f\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6839\u5e95\u3067\u306f\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u30fb\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u9593\u306e\u547d\u984c\u7167\u5408\u3092\u884c\u3046\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u3092\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u5225\u3005\u306e\u8a71\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u6469\u64e6\u70b9\uff08\u8ad6\u70b9\uff09\u3084\u88dc\u5f37\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u306e\u547d\u984c Pa \u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u547d\u984c Pb \u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Pa \u2261 Pb \u307e\u305f\u306f Pa \u22a5 Pb\uff09\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u7167\u5408\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u7167\u5408\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u304c\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u5171\u901a\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\uff08\u4f8b: AI \u306e\u52b4\u50cd\u4ee3\u66ff\u52b9\u679c\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u8d77\u70b9\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u306e\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u547d\u984c Pa\uff08\u4f8b: \u300cAI \u306f\u5358\u7d14\u52b4\u50cd\u3092\u596a\u3046\u300d\uff09\u3068\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u547d\u984c Pb\uff08\u4f8b: \u300cAI \u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u96c7\u7528\u3092\u5275\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u300d\uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\uff09\u3092\u4e26\u5217\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001Pa \u3068 Pb \u306e\u9593\u306b\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u5bfe\u7acb\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Pa \u22a5 Pb\uff09\u300d\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u300c\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u88dc\u5f37\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Pa \u2261 Pb\uff09\u300d\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5de8\u8996\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u56f3\u5f0f\uff08\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u304b\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u3068\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u88dc\u5f37\u304b\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u7167\u5408\u624b\u9806\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9650\u754c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6ce8\u610f\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4f8b\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u898b\u304b\u3051\u4e0a\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u3068\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u5dee\u300d\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u304c\u300cAI \u306f\u96c7\u7528\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\uff08\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u304c\u300cAI \u306f\u96c7\u7528\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059\uff08IT \u7523\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u7acb\uff08\u77db\u76fe\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u7523\u696d\u5206\u91ce\uff09\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u540c\u4f4d\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9069\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f37\u5f15\u306b\u5bfe\u7acb\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u7d71\u5408\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u8457\u3057\u304f\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u547d\u984c\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A\u3011Digital screen reading reduces deep comprehension because readers skim text rapidly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B\u3011Eye-tracking data confirms that individuals reading on digital tablets display fragmented fixation patterns and lower retention scores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35 Pa\uff08\u753b\u9762\u95b2\u89a7\u306f\u7406\u89e3\u5ea6\u3092\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf Pb\uff08\u8996\u7dda\u8ffd\u8de1\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u3088\u308b\u505c\u7559\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u65ad\u7247\u5316\u3068\u4fdd\u6301\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff09\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u300c\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u88dc\u5f37\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Pa \u2261 Pb: \u7406\u8ad6\u3068\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u88dc\u5f37\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A\u3011Digital screen reading reduces deep comprehension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B\u3011Eye-tracking data proves that individuals reading on digital tablets focus for longer unbroken periods than physical book readers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u300c\u30bf\u30d6\u30ec\u30c3\u30c8\u95b2\u89a7\u8005\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u9577\u6642\u9593\u96c6\u4e2d\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u771f\u9006\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u3092\u88dc\u5f37\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u3001\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u306a\u7167\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A\u3011Urbanization invariably damages local biodiversity by fragmenting natural habitats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B\u3011City parks and green roofs provide novel ecological niches, increasing species richness in certain metropolitan areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A\uff08\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\uff1d\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u7834\u58ca\uff09\u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B\uff08\u90fd\u5e02\u7dd1\u5730\uff1d\u65b0\u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\u5275\u51fa\u3068\u7a2e\u5897\u52a0\uff09\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u5bfe\u7acb\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Pa \u22a5 Pb: \u5426\u5b9a\u8aac vs \u80af\u5b9a\u8aac\uff09\u300d\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A\u3011Early multilingual exposure delays primary language acquisition in young children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B\u3011Longitudinal studies indicate that bilingual children demonstrate superior executive function and cognitive flexibility from an early age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A\uff08\u591a\u8a00\u8a9e\u63a5\u89e6\uff1d\u7b2c\u4e00\u8a00\u8a9e\u7372\u5f97\u306e\u9045\u308c\/\u8ca0\u306e\u5074\u9762\uff09\u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B\uff08\u30d0\u30a4\u30ea\u30f3\u30ac\u30eb\uff1d\u5b9f\u884c\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\/\u6b63\u306e\u5074\u9762\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\uff08\u5e7c\u5c11\u671f\u591a\u8a00\u8a9e\u74b0\u5883\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u300c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u5bfe\u7acb\u69cb\u9020\u300d\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u547d\u984c\u9593\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u5bfe\u7acb\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff12. \u7d71\u5408\u7684\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u30fb\u7570\u7a2e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u7167\u5408\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u64cd\u4f5c\u304c\u3001\u5bfe\u7acb\u307e\u305f\u306f\u88dc\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u300c\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08Synthesized Focus\uff09\u300d\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u306e\u610f\u898b\u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u610f\u898b\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u304b\u300d\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u300cA \u3068 B \u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u4f75\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30d8\u30fc\u30b2\u30eb\u306e\u5f01\u8a3c\u6cd5\uff08\u6b62\u63da\u30fb\u30b5\u30d6\u30b9\u30df\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff09\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u6b63\uff09\u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u53cd\u5bfe\u307e\u305f\u306f\u88dc\u8db3\uff09\u3092\u9ad8\u3044\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u3067\u878d\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3001\u300cA \u3068 B \u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u5074\u9762\u3092\u8e0f\u307e\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u771f\u306e\u5e30\u7d50\u306f C \u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u601d\u8003\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u521d\u898b\u306e\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u8ff7\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7167\u5408\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u300c\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u306e\u547d\u984c Pa\u300d\u3068\u300c\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u547d\u984c Pb\u300d\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\uff08\u5bfe\u6bd4\u304b\u88dc\u5f37\u304b\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u304c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u300c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u30fb\u8996\u91ce\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067 A \u3068 B \u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5171\u901a\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5 C \u3092\u63a2\u7d22\u3057\uff08\u4f8b: \u300c\u6761\u4ef6 X \u3067\u306f A\u3001\u6761\u4ef6 Y \u3067\u306f B\u300d\uff09\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u3092\u5305\u542b\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7d44\u307f\u7acb\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u547d\u984c C \u3092\u300c\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u554f\u984c\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u7b54\u6848\u3084\u4e3b\u65e8\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4ee3\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u5b89\u6613\u306a\u8db3\u3057\u7b97\uff08\u6298\u8877\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff09\u300d\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u76f8\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u610f\u898b A \u3068 B \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u305b\u305a\u306b\u305f\u3060\u300cA \u3082\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u3001B \u3082\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u300d\u3068\u4e2d\u534a\u7aef\u306b\u4e26\u5217\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306e\u7b54\u6848\u306f\u3001\u7d71\u5408\uff08Synthesis\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u6df7\u4e71\u306e\u653e\u7f6e\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002A \u3068 B \u304c\u306a\u305c\u4e00\u898b\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u3066\u898b\u3048\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff08\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u5dee\u3001\u6e2c\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306e\u5dee\uff09\u300d\u3092\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5 C \u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A\u3011\u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306f\u901a\u52e4\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3057\u751f\u7523\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\uff08\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u5074\u9762\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B\u3011\u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306f\u5b64\u7acb\u611f\u3092\u751f\u307f\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u529b\u3092\u524a\u3050\uff08\u6279\u5224\u7684\u5074\u9762\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u76f8\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u547d\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5358\u306b\u4f75\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c[\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9] \u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u6210\u5426\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5c0e\u5165\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u3068\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306a\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u8a2d\u8a08\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u904b\u7528\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u304b\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u306e\u6607\u83ef\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306f\u751f\u7523\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u5b64\u7acb\u611f\u3092\u751f\u3080\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u3079\u304d\u304b\u5426\u304b\u306f\u5168\u304f\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u5358\u306b\u4e26\u5217\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u653e\u68c4\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u306e\u6b62\u63da\uff08\u7d71\u5408\uff09\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u306a\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A\u3011\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u77e5\u80fd\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3092\u898f\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u8981\u56e0 1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B\u3011\u5e7c\u5150\u671f\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8c4a\u304b\u3055\u304c\u8133\u306e\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u51fa\u3059\uff08\u8981\u56e0 2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u300c[\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9] \u4eba\u9593\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u767a\u9054\u306f\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u7d20\u5730\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u304c\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u4f5c\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u6210\u5c31\u3059\u308b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u306e\u7523\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u3001\u7d20\u5730\uff08A\uff09\u3068\u4f5c\u7528\uff08B\uff09\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u4f4d\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A\u3011\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u306f\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u6210\u9577\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\uff08\u5de8\u8996\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B\u3011\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u306f\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u4f1d\u7d71\u7523\u696d\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3057\u683c\u5dee\u3092\u5e83\u3052\u308b\uff08\u5fae\u8996\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5de8\u8996\u7684\uff08A\uff09\u3068\u5fae\u8996\u7684\uff08B\uff09\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u5dee\u3092\u89e3\u304d\u660e\u304b\u3057\u3001\u300c[\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9] \u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u5de8\u8996\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u76ca\u3092\u4eab\u53d7\u3057\u3064\u3064\u5fae\u8996\u7684\u306a\u5730\u57df\u683c\u5dee\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u3068\u4e26\u884c\u3057\u305f\u56fd\u5185\u518d\u5206\u914d\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u540c\u6642\u8a2d\u8a08\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3078\u7d71\u5408\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7570\u7a2e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u77db\u76fe\u3084\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u89e3\u304d\u307b\u3050\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3067\u5305\u542b\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7cbe\u9ac4:\u5f62\u5f0f\u5909\u5316\u3068\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8ac7\u8a71\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5373\u6642\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u306e\u6975\u81f4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u5b66\u3093\u3067\u304d\u305f\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u3001\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304c\u3001\u6975\u9650\u307e\u3067\u8907\u96d1\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u4f53\u3084\u3001\u6975\u5ea6\u306a\u6642\u9593\u5727\uff08Time Pressure\uff09\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u540c\u6642\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7cbe\u9ac4\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u512a\u5148\u306e\u5230\u9054\u76ee\u6a19\u306f\u3001\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5909\u5247\u7684\u306a\u8ac7\u8a71\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3082\u3001\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u3044\u300cGiven-New Contract\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u304b\u3089\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3078\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\uff09\u300d\u3092\u4e00\u5207\u306e\u601d\u8003\u306e\u8ff7\u3044\u306a\u304f\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\uff08Real-time\uff09\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u305f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u7834\u7834\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u30fb\u5373\u6642\u5316\u300d\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u3084\u5206\u96e2\u69cb\u6587\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u5012\u7f6e\u304c\u4ea4\u932f\u3059\u308b\u6975\u9650\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3068\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u898b\u629c\u304f\u5373\u6642\u89e3\u4f53\u6280\u8853\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u3067\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u91cf\u3092\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u3069\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\uff08\u6368\u8c61\uff09\u3001\u3069\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u8a8d\u77e5\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u96c6\u4e2d\u3055\u305b\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u9ad8\u901f\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u512a\u5148\u89e3\u7b54\u9806\u4f4d\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u300d\u3092\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u985e\u4f3c\u3055\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u5bc6\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u6b6a\u66f2\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300d\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u30fb\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u6280\u6cd5\u3092\u4f1d\u6388\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3092\u4fee\u3081\u305f\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u3001\u521d\u898b\u306e\u5909\u5247\u7684\u306a\u6587\u4f53\u3084\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u50be\u5411\u306e\u5165\u8a66\u554f\u984c\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u52d5\u60d1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u306e\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u81ea\u4fe1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u767a\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u3001\u5b8c\u52dd\u3078\u3068\u81f3\u308b\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u7b54\u529b\u3092\u624b\u306b\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u4e0d\u5909\u6027]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u6587\u982d\u306b\u9577\u3044\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u96e2\u308c\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\uff08\u5012\u7f6e\uff09\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3082\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u304c\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u8a98\u5c0e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7528\u3044\u308b\u300c\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u8db3\u5834\uff08\u6587\u982d\/\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u2192 \u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u6587\u672b\/\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u6839\u672c\u898f\u5247\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u5909\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u91cd\u307f\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b\u63b4\u3080\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u6975\u81f4\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167:[\u57fa\u790e M18-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a8d\u77e5\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u6700\u9069\u914d\u5206]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5236\u9650\u6642\u9593\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u5747\u7b49\u306a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3067\u8aad\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306f\u975e\u52b9\u7387\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u547d\u984c\uff08\u4e3b\u5f35\u30fb\u539f\u7406\uff09\u304c\u96c6\u4e2d\u3059\u308b\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u8a8d\u77e5\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092100%\u6295\u5165\u3057\u3001\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u547d\u984c\uff08\u4f8b\u793a\u30fb\u8a73\u7d30\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff09\u306f\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\uff08\u4f4d\u7f6e\u78ba\u8a8d\uff09\u306b\u3068\u3069\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7de9\u6025\u300d\u3092\u5373\u6642\u306b\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u904b\u7528\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167:[\u57fa\u790e M21-\u8ac7\u8a71]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u500b\u5225 M01-\u7cbe\u9ac4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u6975\u9650\u5fdc\u7528\u3068\u8907\u96d1\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5373\u6642\u7279\u5b9a\u4f53\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u500b\u5225 M07-\u7cbe\u9ac4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5373\u6642\u5206\u6790\u3068\u9577\u6587\u8981\u7d04\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9aa8\u683c\u62bd\u51fa\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u4f53\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u8907\u96d1\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3068\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u304c\u4ea4\u932f\u3059\u308b\u6975\u9650\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u5373\u6642\u89e3\u4f53\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u7d20&nbsp;<code>It\/it<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u4ecb\u5728\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u6587\u982d\u30fb\u6587\u4e2d\u524d\u7f6e\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u672b\u5206\u96e2\u79fb\u52d5\u304c\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u540c\u6642\u306b\u4f5c\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u300c\u6975\u9650\u69cb\u6587\u300d\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u304c\u91cd\u7573\u3057\u305f\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u983c\u308a\u306b\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\uff08S+V+O\uff09\u3068\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u5373\u6642\u89e3\u4f53\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u30fb\u5206\u96e2\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3068\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u7279\u5b9a\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6975\u9650\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u89e3\u4f53\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u8ef8\u306f\u3001\u300c\u6587\u982d\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3092\u7d20\u65e9\u304f\u901a\u904e\u3057\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6587\u672b\u3078\u3068\u8ffd\u3044\u3084\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u3044\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u30c0\u30a4\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u88dc\u7372\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001<code>S + V + [\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5 M \u524d\u7f6e] + [\u9577\u5927\u306a\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e O]<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084&nbsp;<code>It + V + C + [\u633f\u5165\u53e5] + [that \u7bc0\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e]<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u8996\u7dda\u306f\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u306b\u631f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u633f\u5165\u53e5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5206\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff08\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u304b\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u304b\uff09\u3068\u300c\u91cd\u3044\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u6587\u672b\u306b\u6765\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u539f\u5247\u3092\u982d\u306b\u53e9\u304d\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u304a\u3051\u3070\u3001\u633f\u5165\u53e5\u3092\u8df3\u3073\u8d8a\u3048\u3066\u6587\u672b\u306e\u9577\u5927\u306a\u7bc0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u5de8\u5927\u306a\u300c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5373\u6642\u7279\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u3067\u69cb\u6587\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u8ff7\u5b50\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u9aa8\u683c\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u7279\u5b9a\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u5373\u6642\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e S \u304a\u3088\u3073\u52d5\u8a5e V\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u305f\u76f4\u5f8c\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u77ed\u3044\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u633f\u5165\u7bc0 M \u3092\u610f\u8b58\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u300c\uff08\u30ab\u30c3\u30b3\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5165\u308c\u3066\u906e\u65ad\uff08\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30bb\u30eb\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u906e\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u305f M \u306e\u5f8c\u308d\uff08\u6587\u672b\u65b9\u5411\uff09\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u3001<code>wh-<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u9577\u5927\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e V \u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u300c\u771f\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e O\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300cS \u306f M \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u3001[\u6587\u672b\u306e\u9577\u5927\u306a O] \u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092 V \u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u57fa\u672c\u69cb\u9020\u3078\u3068\u8133\u5185\u3067\u77ac\u9593\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u6355\u7372\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\uff08<code>V + M + S<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3068\u306e\u5373\u6642\u5224\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6587\u982d\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u4f8b:&nbsp;<code>emerge<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>remain<\/code>\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u8ffd\u3044\u3084\u3089\u308c\u305f\u91cd\u3044\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u65b0\u4e3b\u8a9e S\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u81ea\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u5224\u5225\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u300c\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: The research committee accepted [without hesitation] [the groundbreaking recommendation formulated by the international environmental coalition that mandatory carbon ceilings be enforced immediately].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>accepted<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>without hesitation<\/code>\uff08\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\uff09\u3092\u77ac\u9593\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u9577\u5927\u306a\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>the groundbreaking recommendation...<\/code>&nbsp;\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u6587\u672b\u306e\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30fb\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The research committee accepted the groundbreaking recommendation formulated by the international environmental coalition that mandatory carbon ceilings be enforced immediately without hesitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u91cd\u3044\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>without hesitation<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u653e\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u306b\u53cd\u3057\u3066\u6587\u672b\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u30dc\u3084\u3051\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u8996\u8a8d\u6027\u3092\u8457\u3057\u304f\u640d\u306a\u3063\u305f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u5bfe\u6bd4\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: There has emerged [among evolutionary biologists] [a profound consensus that genetic mutations alone cannot account for the rapid phenotypic adaptations observed in arctic fauna].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u81ea\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>has emerged<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>among...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>a profound consensus that...<\/code>\uff08\u9032\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u6df1\u9060\u306a\u5408\u610f\uff09\u3092\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u4e3b\u8a9e\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u6355\u7372\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: The governing board made [it] abundantly clear [to all regional corporate directors] [that non-compliance with the updated safety regulations would result in immediate contract termination].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3001\u88dc\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>clear<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>to all...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\uff08\u5951\u7d04\u5373\u6642\u89e3\u9664\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8b66\u544a\uff09\u3092\u771f\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30c0\u30a4\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5373\u6642\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u3084\u5206\u96e2\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u4ea4\u932f\u3059\u308b\u6975\u9650\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u8a9e\u9806\u5d29\u58ca\uff08\u4e8c\u91cd\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u633f\u5165\uff09\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5373\u6642\u5fa9\u5143\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u982d\u3078\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u3001\u88dc\u8a9e\uff08C\uff09\u306e\u6587\u982d\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u5f37\u5f15\u306a\u5272\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\uff08\u633f\u5165\uff09\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u300c\u8a9e\u9806\u5d29\u58ca\u6587\u300d\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3092\u30c0\u30e9\u30c0\u30e9\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u6a19\u8b58\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u300d\u3092\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001<code>Not only C is S, but V S O<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u5909\u5247\u8a9e\u9806\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e&nbsp;<code>Not only<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u300c\u80af\u5b9a\u30fb\u6dfb\u52a0\u306e\u8db3\u5834\uff08A \u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>but<\/code>&nbsp;\u4ee5\u964d\u304c\u300c\u771f\u306b\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3044\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 B\uff08B \u3082\u307e\u305f\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u57fa\u672c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306f\u5fae\u52d5\u3060\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5f62\u306e\u5947\u5999\u3055\u306b\u30d1\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u305a\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8a2d\u5b9a\u300d\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u300c\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u300d\u3092\u4e00\u76f4\u7dda\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5373\u6642\u5fa9\u5143\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5373\u6642\u5fa9\u5143\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u7279\u6b8a\u6a19\u8b58\uff08\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>Never<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>Seldom<\/code>\u3001\u88dc\u8a9e C\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Only when<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u611f\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u7591\u554f\u6587\u8a9e\u9806\uff08\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e+S+V\uff09\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\uff08V+S\uff09\u304c\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u7279\u6b8a\u6a19\u8b58\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u301c\u3057\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u3001\u301c\u306f\u4e00\u5ea6\u3082\u306a\u3044\uff09\u300d\u3092\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8db3\u5834\uff08Given\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f8c\u65b9\uff08\u6587\u672b\uff09\u3078\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08Focus\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u88dc\u7372\u3057\u3001\u300c[\u6587\u982d\u306e\u6761\u4ef6] \u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u3001[\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f] \u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5fa9\u5143\u624b\u9806\u306e\u904b\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u53cd\u8ee2\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6587\u982d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\uff08<code>no<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>without<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>unable<\/code>\uff09\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u00d7\u5426\u5b9a\uff1d\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u80af\u5b9a\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff08<code>A \u2192 B<\/code>\uff09\u3078\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u5411\u304d\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6587\u982d\u306e\u5f62\u3060\u3051\u306b\u56da\u308f\u308c\u305a\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u76f8\u6bba\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: Only after rigorous peer review had validated the statistical methodology [did the editorial board authorize the publication of the controversial climate study].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6&nbsp;<code>Only after...<\/code>\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u3001\u5012\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e3b\u7bc0&nbsp;<code>did the editorial board authorize...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u6355\u7372\u3057\u3001\u300c\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u5be9\u67fb\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u304c\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff08\u6b63\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff09\u300d\u3068\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Only after rigorous peer review had validated the statistical methodology the editorial board authorized the publication of the controversial climate study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9650\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e\u7bc0\u304c\u6587\u982d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u5012\u7f6e\u3092\u4f5c\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u898f\u5247\u306b\u53cd\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: Rarely [has a single scientific discovery] [so radically transformed our understanding of cellular metabolism] as did the identification of the CRISPR-Cas9 system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Rarely<\/code>&nbsp;\u304b\u3089\u5012\u7f6e\uff08<code>has a single...<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u8a8d\u77e5\u3057\u3001CRISPR \u767a\u898b\u304c\u7d30\u80de\u4ee3\u8b1d\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u5909\u9769\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u6587\u672b\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: So severe [was the unexpected economic downturn] that not a single financial institution was able to maintain its projected profit margins without government intervention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e\u88dc\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>So severe<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u5012\u7f6e&nbsp;<code>was the downturn<\/code>&nbsp;\u304b\u3089&nbsp;<code>So ... that ...<\/code>&nbsp;\u69cb\u6587\uff08\u7a0b\u5ea6\u30fb\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff09\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u4e0d\u6cc1\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u4e00\u793e\u305f\u308a\u3068\u3082\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u63f4\u306a\u3057\u306b\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3078\u8ad6\u7406\u3092\u4e00\u76f4\u7dda\u306b\u7e4b\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5373\u6642\u5fa9\u5143\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u6349\u3048\u76f4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e\u306e\u6975\u81f4\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5236\u9650\u6642\u9593\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5408\u683c\u70b9\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u5bc4\u305b\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u5dee\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304c\u300c\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e\uff08Scanning &amp; Omission\uff09\u300d\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001Given-New Contract \u3092\u5fdc\u7528\u3057\u3066\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u7de9\u6025\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u8a8d\u77e5\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u96c6\u4e2d\u3055\u305b\u308b\u512a\u5148\u56de\u7b54\u9806\u4f4d\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u539f\u7406\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u901f\u8aad\u30fb\u7cbe\u5bc6\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u540c\u6642\u4e26\u884c\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9577\u6587\u3092\u5236\u9650\u6642\u9593\u5185\u306b\u5b8c\u74a7\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u5747\u7b49\u306b\u8aad\u3080\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\uff08\u30ae\u30a2\u30c1\u30a7\u30f3\u30b8\uff09\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u7cbe\u8aad\uff08\u30ae\u30a2\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\uff09\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30e1\u30ea\u30cf\u30ea\u306e\u52b9\u3044\u305f\u540c\u6642\u4e26\u884c\u904b\u7528\uff08Dual-track Processing\uff09\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u5404\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u3044\u3067\u3044\u308b\u6587\u982d\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\/\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3084\u3001<code>for example<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u30a8\u30ea\u30a2\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u304c\u4e88\u671f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300c\u4f4e\u8ca0\u8377\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u3067\u8aad\u307f\u98db\u3070\u3057\uff08\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3001\u6587\u672b\u3078\u5411\u304b\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3084\u3001\u9006\u63a5\u6a19\u8b58\uff08<code>however<\/code>\uff09\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u5168\u96c6\u4e2d\uff08100% \u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u8cc7\u6e90\u6295\u5165\uff09\u3092\u6ce8\u3050\u3002\u3053\u306e\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u8aad\u66f8\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u5236\u5fa1\u304c\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\u3067\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3057\u3001\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u7cbe\u8aad\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u6642\u9593\u304c\u8db3\u308a\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u6557\u5317\u3092\u55ab\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u540c\u6642\u4e26\u884c\u904b\u7528\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3092\u3072\u3068\u76ee\u898b\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u524d\u6587\u306e\u65e2\u51fa\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u8aad\u66f8\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u3092 2 \u500d\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u6d41\u3057\u8aad\u307f\uff08\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u6587\u672b\u8981\u7d20\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8ad6\u7406\u8ee2\u63db\u70b9\uff08<code>however<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>in fact<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>thus<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u611f\u77e5\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u8aad\u66f8\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u30ae\u30a2\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u3057\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u89e3\u6790\u3092 100% \u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u5b9f\u884c\uff08\u7cbe\u8aad\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\uff08<code>for instance<\/code>&nbsp;\u7b49\uff09\u306b\u5165\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\u306b\u306f\u6df1\u5165\u308a\u305b\u305a\u3001\u300c\u3069\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u88dc\u5f37\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3060\u3051\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3078\u3068\u8996\u7dda\u3092\u8df3\u8e8d\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u72d9\u3044\u6483\u3061\uff08\u30d4\u30f3\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u554f\uff09\u300d\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\uff08\u6570\u5024\u3084\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u554f\u3046\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u89e3\u7b54\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u6b20\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u30c8\u30ea\u30ac\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u30a8\u30ea\u30a2\u3078\u3068\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u9006\u691c\u7d22\uff08\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u30fb\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3001\u305d\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u307f\u3092\u30d4\u30f3\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u7cbe\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\uff09[The rapid expansion of urban infrastructure]&#8230; \uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7cbe\u8aad\uff09&#8230;[has induced a catastrophic decline in regional biodiversity, threatening the stability of surrounding ecosystems].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6587\u982d\u306e\u65e2\u77e5\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\uff08\u90fd\u5e02\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u62e1\u5927\uff09\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3067\u901a\u904e\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u58ca\u6ec5\u7684\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3068\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u8105\u5a01\uff09\u306b\u8a8d\u77e5\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u5168\u96c6\u4e2d\u3055\u305b\u3066\u7cbe\u8aad\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \uff08\u5747\u7b49\u8aad\u307f\u306e\u5931\u6557\uff09\u6587\u982d\u306e The rapid expansion \u3082\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e catastrophic decline in regional biodiversity \u3082\u3001\u5168\u304f\u540c\u3058\u9045\u3044\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u4e00\u5b57\u4e00\u53e5\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u60c5\u5831\u306e\u91cd\u307f\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u5168\u6587\u3092\u5747\u7b49\u306a\u9045\u3044\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u3067\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u3066\u6642\u9593\u5207\u308c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u6557\u5317\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u5bfe\u6bd4\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \uff08\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u8df3\u8e8d\uff09[\uff08\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3b\u984c\u30fb\u7cbe\u8aad\uff09Synthetic polymers represent a severe environmental hazard.] [\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u30fb\u9ad8\u901f\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\uff09In Atlantic ocean surveys, marine biologists found microplastic particles in 80% of deep-sea organism tissues&#8230;]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff08\u5408\u6210\u30dd\u30ea\u30de\u30fc\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u5371\u5bb3\uff09\u3092\u7cbe\u8aad\u3057\u305f\u76f4\u5f8c\u3001<code>In Atlantic ocean surveys...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8abf\u67fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u300c\u30dd\u30ea\u30de\u30fc\u5371\u5bb3\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u88dc\u5f37\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6b21\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3078\u8996\u7dda\u3092\u8df3\u8e8d\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \uff08\u9006\u63a5\u7cbe\u8aad\uff09&#8230;While initial tests appeared promising, [\uff08\u9006\u63a5\u30fb\u5168\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u8aad\uff09closer examination revealed that the compound generated lethal systemic toxicity in mammalian models].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5f93\u5c5e\u7bc0\uff08\u521d\u671f\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u826f\u597d\u3055\uff09\u3092\u6d41\u3057\u8aad\u307f\u3057\u3001\u9006\u63a5\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u300c\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5168\u8eab\u6bd2\u6027\u306e\u767a\u73fe\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3078\u8a8d\u77e5\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u5168\u6295\u5165\u3057\u3066\u7cbe\u8aad\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u540c\u6642\u4e26\u884c\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u8aad\u66f8\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u306b\u5236\u5fa1\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5b8c\u74a7\u306a\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3068\u901f\u5ea6\u3092\u4e21\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6368\u8c61\u3068\u512a\u5148\u56de\u7b54\u9806\u4f4d\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5165\u8a66\u672c\u756a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u5747\u7b49\u306a\u6642\u9593\u3092\u5272\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6226\u7565\u7684\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u306f\u3001\u77ed\u3044\u6642\u9593\u3067\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u5f97\u70b9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300c\u4f4e\u8ca0\u8377\u9ad8\u5f97\u70b9\u554f\u984c\uff08\u4f8b: \u660e\u78ba\u306a\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u7167\u5408\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3001\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u601d\u8003\u6642\u9593\u3092\u596a\u3046\u300c\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u4f4e\u52b9\u7387\u554f\u984c\uff08\u4f8b: \u8907\u96d1\u306a\u672c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6392\u9664\uff09\u300d\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u6df7\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5408\u683c\u70b9\u3092\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6975\u81f4\u306e\u904b\u7528\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u898b\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u305d\u306e\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8ca0\u8377\uff08\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u601d\u8003\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u6570\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u512a\u5148\u56de\u7b54\u9806\u4f4d\uff08Priority Ranking\uff09\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u306e\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3060\u3051\u3067\u89e3\u3051\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u6700\u512a\u5148\uff08\u30e9\u30f3\u30af 1\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u7167\u5408\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u5f8c\u56de\u3057\uff08\u30e9\u30f3\u30af 3\uff09\u306b\u3059\u308b\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u512a\u5148\u56de\u7b54\u9806\u4f4d\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5927\u554f\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u7fa4\u3092\u4e00\u77a5\u3057\u3001\u5404\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\uff08\u508d\u7dda\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5168\u4f53\u304b\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u304b\uff09\u3068\u89e3\u7b54\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u6570\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u508d\u7dda\u90e8\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6307\u793a\u8a9e\u30fb\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u7279\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u3084\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u7167\u5408\u554f\u984c\u3092\u300c\u30e9\u30f3\u30af 1\uff08\u6700\u512a\u5148\u30fb\u5373\u7b54\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u78ba\u4fdd\u3057\u305f\u6642\u9593\u3067\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u6563\u3089\u3070\u3063\u305f\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7db2\u7f85\u7684\u306b\u6bd4\u8f03\u3055\u305b\u308b\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u554f\u984c\u3092\u300c\u30e9\u30f3\u30af 3\uff08\u5f8c\u56de\u3057\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u89e3\u304d\u7d42\u3048\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u6b8b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u9593\u67a0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u7701\u7701\u7684\u30fb\u6226\u7565\u7684\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9650\u754c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u554f\u984c\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u4f4e\u8ca0\u8377\u554f\u984c\uff08\u898b\u304b\u3051\u5012\u3057\u554f\uff09\u300d\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8aad\u307e\u305b\u308b\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u306a\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u554f\u984c\u306b\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u30e9\u30f3\u30af 1 \u306e\u4f4e\u8ca0\u8377\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u9577\u3055\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u968e\u5c64\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u304b\u3001\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\u304b\uff09\u300d\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u771f\u306e\u8ca0\u8377\u3092\u9451\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3010\u8a2d\u554f A\u3011\u508d\u7dda\u90e8(1)\u306e&nbsp;<code>This shift<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6307\u3059\u5185\u5bb9\u3092 20 \u5b57\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u8a18\u305b\u3002\uff08\u30e9\u30f3\u30af 1: \u4f4e\u8ca0\u8377\u5373\u7b54\u554f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u8a2d\u554f B\u3011\u672c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e 8 \u3064\u304b\u3089 2 \u3064\u9078\u3079\u3002\uff08\u30e9\u30f3\u30af 3: \u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u5f8c\u56de\u3057\u554f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8a2d\u554f A \u3092\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\u672b\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3066 2 \u5206\u3067\u5b8c\u7b54\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u306a\u8a2d\u554f B \u3092\u5f8c\u56de\u3057\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5f97\u70b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u8a2d\u554f B \u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2 8 \u3064\u3092\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u5192\u982d\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u5b57\u4e00\u53e5\u7167\u5408\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u300120 \u5206\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u3084\u8a2d\u554f A \u3092\u66f8\u304f\u6642\u9593\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8ca0\u8377\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u305b\u305a\u3001\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9806\u756a\u901a\u308a\u306b\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u554f\u984c\u306b\u6df1\u5165\u308a\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5f97\u70b9\u3092\u8457\u3057\u304f\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3055\u305b\u305f\u6226\u7565\u7684\u6557\u5317\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u5bfe\u6bd4\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3011\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u554f\u984c\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2 4 \u3064\u306e\u3046\u3061\u30013 \u3064\u304c\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u300d\u3092\u6271\u3044\u30011 \u3064\u3060\u3051\u304c\u300c\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u771f\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\uff08\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u300d\u3092\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u512a\u5148\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u308f\u305a\u304b 1 \u5206\u3067\u6b63\u89e3\uff08T\uff09\u3092\u6483\u7834\u3057\u3066\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u7167\u5408\u6642\u9593\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7bc0\u7d04\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u6642\u9593\u67a0\u304c\u6b8b\u308a 3 \u5206\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u969b\u3001\u672a\u56de\u7b54\u306e\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u554f\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5168\u79f0\u8a9e\uff08<code>always<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>solely<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3042\u304b\u3089\u3055\u307e\u306a\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3067\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u89e3\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u6975\u9650\u307e\u3067\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8ca0\u8377\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u8cc7\u6e90\u3068\u5236\u9650\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6700\u3082\u5f97\u70b9\u52b9\u7387\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u8a2d\u554f\u3078\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u306b\u6295\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u6b6a\u66f2\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u30fb\u5de7\u5999\u306a\u7f60\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u7834\u7834\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3084\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u5de7\u5999\u306b\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u307f\u3092\u7e4a\u7d30\u306b\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u305b\u305f\u300c\u8d85\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u300d\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u306b\u9a19\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u7279\u79f0\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u53cd\u8ee2\uff09\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u30fb\u7834\u7834\u3059\u308b\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u69cb\u6587\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u53cd\u8ee2\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u7834\u7834\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u5165\u8a66\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6700\u3082\u591a\u304f\u306e\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u3092\u9a19\u3059\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u3084\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u6587\u982d\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\/\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3068\u6587\u672b\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\/\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u3092\u3072\u3063\u304f\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u305f\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u53cd\u8ee2\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304c&nbsp;<code>Because of X (\u539f\u56e0\/\u8db3\u5834), Y occurred (\u7d50\u679c\/\u7126\u70b9)<\/code>\uff08X \u306b\u3088\u308a Y \u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\uff09\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c&nbsp;<code>Y (\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f) led to the unexpected development of X (\u65b0\u7d50\u679c)<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3001\u540c\u3058\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3084\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u30de\u30c3\u30c1\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u540c\u3058\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u4e26\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5b89\u5fc3\u3057\u3066\u3053\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u3092\u6253\u3061\u7834\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8868\u5c64\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u300c\u8db3\u5834\uff08Given\uff09\u3068\u7126\u70b9\uff08Focus\uff09\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u300d\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u4f53\u3059\u308b\u7834\u7834\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u53cd\u8ee2\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u7834\u7834\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6587\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u300c\u3069\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u8db3\u5834\uff08\u6587\u982d\uff09\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3001\u3069\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u6587\u672b\/\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\uff08[\u539f\u56e0\/\u8db3\u5834] \u2192 [\u7d50\u679c\/\u7126\u70b9]\uff09\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305a\u306b\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u5411\u304d\u30fb\u7126\u70b9\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u300d\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u306f\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3082\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u53cd\u8ee2\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\uff08F\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u7834\u7834\u30fb\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u7834\u7834\u624b\u9806\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9650\u754c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u614b\u306e\u5909\u63db\uff08\u80fd\u52d5\u614b &#x2194; \u53d7\u52d5\u614b\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u898b\u304b\u3051\u4e0a\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5909\u5316\u300d\u306e\u9451\u5225\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304c\u80fd\u52d5\u614b&nbsp;<code>A caused B<\/code>\uff08A \u304c B \u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u53d7\u52d5\u614b&nbsp;<code>B was caused by A<\/code>\uff08B \u306f A \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306f\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff08A=\u539f\u56e0 \u2192 B=\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u3068\u540c\u7b49\uff08T\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3060\u3051\u306b\u53cd\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u300c\u771f\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u4e3b\u5f93\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u300d\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u30fb\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011The severe economic depression (\u539f\u56e0) triggered a massive wave of transatlantic emigration (\u7d50\u679c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011A massive wave of transatlantic emigration became the primary catalyst that brought about the severe economic depression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u8e0f\u8972\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001<code>emigration<\/code>\uff08\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u539f\u56e0\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3001<code>economic depression<\/code>\uff08\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u3092\u7d50\u679c\u3078\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u305f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u76f8\u4f3c\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u771f\u507d\u5024 F \u3068\u3057\u3066\u7834\u7834\u30fb\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: The severe economic depression was the fundamental factor from which the massive wave of transatlantic emigration stemmed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f8b1\u306e\u672c\u6587\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u7684\u69cb\u6587&nbsp;<code>stemmed from<\/code>\uff08\u301c\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u300c\u4e0d\u6cc1\uff08\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u2192 \u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b63\u89e3\uff08T\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002(\u6b63\u89e3\u69cb\u9020\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011Only by adopting sustainable agricultural practices (\u624b\u6bb5\/\u8db3\u5834) can farmers prevent catastrophic soil erosion (\u76ee\u7684\/\u7126\u70b9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011Preventing catastrophic soil erosion constitutes the main method that enables farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\uff08\u624b\u6bb5\uff09\u2192 \u571f\u58cc\u4fb5\u98df\u9632\u6b62\uff08\u76ee\u7684\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u571f\u58cc\u4fb5\u98df\u9632\u6b62\uff08\u624b\u6bb5\uff09\u2192 \u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u63a1\u7528\uff08\u76ee\u7684\uff09\u300d\u3068\u624b\u6bb5\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u7834\u7834\u30fb\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011Although the new chemotherapy drug effectively suppressed tumor growth, its severe immunosuppressive side effects forced doctors to discontinue treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011Doctors discontinued the chemotherapy treatment primarily because the drug failed to demonstrate any measurable suppression of tumor growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u304c\u300c\u816b\u760d\u6291\u5236\u306f\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u524d\u63d0\uff09\u304c\u3001\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3067\u4e2d\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u816b\u760d\u6291\u5236\u306b\u5931\u6557\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3089\u4e2d\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u524d\u63d0\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u865a\u507d\u306b\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u7834\u7834\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u5de7\u5999\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u771f\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u6b63\u89e3\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u9078\u3073\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u7279\u79f0\u30fb\u6761\u4ef6\u8aa4\u8a8d\uff09\u306e\u5373\u6642\u691c\u77e5\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b6a\u66f2\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u51f6\u60aa\u306a\u624b\u6cd5\u304c\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u5168\u79f0\/\u7279\u79f0\uff08Scope\uff09\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\uff08Condition\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304c&nbsp;<code>Under specific laboratory conditions, X may occur<\/code>\uff08\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u3001X \u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u614e\u91cd\u306a\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u3064\u304d\u547d\u984c\uff08\u7279\u79f0\u30fb\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff09\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f&nbsp;<code>X automatically occurs in natural environments<\/code>\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u3067\u3001X \u304c\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u8d77\u3053\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u7de9\u548c\u30fb\u6d88\u53bb\u3057\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u78ba\u5b9a\uff09\u3055\u305b\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u773c\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u8aad\u8005\u3092\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u304b\u3051\u306b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u8fbc\u3080\u3002\u547d\u984c\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u300c\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u300d\u3068\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7bc4\u56f2\u300d\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3057\u3001\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5373\u6642\u691c\u77e5\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u5373\u6642\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u4e2d\u306e\u300c\u7bc4\u56f2\u30fb\u5168\u79f0\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8a9e\uff08<code>all<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>every<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>only<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>inevitably<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>exclusive<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\u63a5\u8a00\uff08<code>provided that<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>unless<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u5149\u3089\u305b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u8b66\u6212\u30a2\u30e9\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u4f5c\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u306e\u300c\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08<code>some<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>certain<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>may<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>under specific<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u30fb\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u304c 1 \u3064\u3067\u3082\u904e\u5270\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u30fb\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u904e\u591a\uff08F\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u691c\u77e5\u624b\u9806\u306e\u904b\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4f8b\u5916\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u672c\u6587\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u9762\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304c&nbsp;<code>Without exception, no participant survived<\/code>\uff08\u4f8b\u5916\u306a\u304f\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u8005\u306f\u30bc\u30ed\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff09\u3068\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u5168\u79f0\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>No participant survived under any circumstances<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u540c\u7b49\uff08T\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u5168\u79f0\u8a9e\u3092\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u60aa\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u5074\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u5168\u79f0\u306a\u306e\u304b\u7279\u79f0\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011In some rare cases, patients with specific genetic markers [might develop] a temporary resistance to the infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011Patients carrying specific genetic markers are completely immune to the infection under all clinical conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>might develop a temporary resistance<\/code>\uff08\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u6027\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u79f0\u30fb\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c&nbsp;<code>are completely immune... under all clinical conditions<\/code>\uff08\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u514d\u75ab\u3092\u6301\u3064\uff09\u3068\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5373\u6642\u7834\u7834\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: Patients with specific genetic markers can occasionally exhibit a degree of resistance against the infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4f8b1\u306e\u672c\u6587\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001<code>can occasionally exhibit a degree of resistance<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u30fb\u9650\u5b9a\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b63\u89e3\uff08T\uff09\u3068\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002(\u6b63\u89e3\u69cb\u9020\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011The treaty becomes legally binding [only after] it is ratified by the parliaments of at least three member states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011The treaty automatically enters into force as soon as the diplomats of member states sign the initial draft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>only after it is ratified by at least three parliaments<\/code>\uff083 \u30ab\u56fd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8b70\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u8349\u6848\u7f72\u540d\u3067\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u81ea\u52d5\u767a\u52b9\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8457\u3057\u304f\u4e0d\u5f53\u7de9\u548c\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\uff08F\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u3010\u672c\u6587\u3011While high dosages of the compound produced neurological toxicity in rodent models, [low dosages showed no observable adverse effects].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3011The chemical compound is inherently safe for human consumption because tests proved it has no toxic properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9f20\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u4f4e\u7528\u91cf\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u9650\u5b9a\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff09\u3092\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u3078\u306e\u6442\u53d6\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5316\u5408\u7269\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\uff09\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5373\u6642\u691c\u77e5\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u6f5c\u3080\u7bc4\u56f2\u30fb\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u66b4\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u904e\u5270\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u98db\u8e8d\u3092\u542b\u3080\u4e0d\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u5b8c\u74a7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u30fb\u5909\u5247\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5b8c\u6210<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u5909\u66f4\u3055\u308c\u3001\u521d\u898b\u306e\u5909\u5247\u7684\u306a\u6587\u4f53\uff08\u4f8b: \u5bfe\u8a71\u4f53\u3068\u5b66\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u8907\u5408\u3001\u53e4\u98a8\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u6975\u5ea6\u306b\u51dd\u7e2e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u6587\uff09\u304c\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3082\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u304c\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u4f1d\u9054\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6839\u672c\u539f\u5247\u300cGiven-New Contract\u300d\u304c\u5d29\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3084\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u8ac7\u8a71\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306b\u3082\u52d5\u60d1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3092\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306b\u767a\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u3066\u5b8c\u52dd\u3078\u3068\u81f3\u308b\u300c\u601d\u8003\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u5b8c\u6210\u300d\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u521d\u898b\u5f62\u5f0f\u30fb\u7279\u6b8a\u8ac7\u8a71\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b Given-New Contract \u306e\u4e0d\u5909\u7684\u9069\u7528\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5165\u8a66\u50be\u5411\u3084\u5909\u5247\u7684\u306a\u7279\u6b8a\u8ac7\u8a71\uff08\u4f8b: \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u8457\u8005\u306e\u5bfe\u8ad6\u3001\u56f3\u8868\u3068\u9577\u6587\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u554f\u984c\uff09\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u30d1\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u9665\u308b\u6700\u5927\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306f\u3001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u300c\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u73cd\u3057\u3055\u300d\u306b\u596a\u308f\u308c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u57f9\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u8aad\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u3092\u5fd8\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5bfe\u8a71\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u56f3\u8868\u89e3\u8aac\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u601d\u8003\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3001\u6587\u982d\u3067\u76f8\u624b\u3068\u306e\u300c\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8db3\u5834\uff08Given\/\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u300d\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u3084\u767a\u8a71\u306e\u6838\u3067\u300c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u63d0\u6848\u30fb\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08New\/\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\u5247\uff08Given-New Contract\uff09\u306f 100% \u5171\u901a\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u521d\u898b\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3053\u305d\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u524a\u304e\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3001\u300c\u3069\u3053\u304c\u8db3\u5834\u3067\u3001\u3069\u3053\u304c\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u601d\u8003\u624b\u9806\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u4e0d\u5909\u7684\u9069\u7528\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u601d\u8003\u624b\u9806\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u521d\u898b\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u76ee\u306e\u524d\u306b\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u6df1\u547c\u5438\u3092\u3057\u3066\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5bfe\u8a71\u306e\u639b\u3051\u5408\u3044\u3001\u56f3\u8868\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\uff09\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u300c\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u4f1d\u9054\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306fGiven-New \u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d76\u5bfe\u516c\u7406\u3092\u8133\u5185\u306b\u518d\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5404\u767a\u8a71\u3084\u6587\u7ae0\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u6587\u982d\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3057\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3084\u56f3\u8868\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u8db3\u5834\uff08Given\uff09\u300d\u3092\u56f2\u3044\u8fbc\u3080\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u306e\u5f8c\u534a\u3084\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u300c\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u53cd\u8ad6\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u63d0\u6848\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\uff08New\/\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u5909\u5247\u7684\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u771f\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u9650\u754c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u5bfe\u8a71\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u767a\u8a71\u8005\u4ea4\u4ee3\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u8db3\u5834\u306e\u518d\u8a2d\u5b9a\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5bfe\u8a71\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8a71\u8005 A \u306e\u6587\u672b\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 B\uff09\u3092\u3001\u8a71\u8005 B \u304c\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u6587\u982d\u3067\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u3066\u8db3\u5834\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831 B\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u65b0\u60c5\u5831 C \u3078\u3068\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u305f\u3073\u306b\u300c\u8db3\u5834\u306e\u30ea\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u6570\u73e0\u3064\u306a\u304e\u300d\u304c\u9ad8\u901f\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8ab0\u304c\u3069\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u306b\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u767a\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u8996\u70b9\uff08Perspective\uff09\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u3010\u521d\u898b\u5f62\u5f0f: \u7570\u7a2e\u5bfe\u8a71\u4f53\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u8a71\u8005 A]: Recent research indicates that urban green spaces significantly lower stress levels in residents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u8a71\u8005 B]: [\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u53d7\u5bb9\uff09While that stress-reduction effect is undeniable,] [\uff08\u8a71\u8005 B \u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09the commercial real estate loss from allocating prime land to parks creates a severe fiscal deficit for city governments.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u521d\u898b\u306e\u5bfe\u8a71\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8a71\u8005 B \u304c A \u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092&nbsp;<code>While...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3067\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u8db3\u5834\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>creates a severe fiscal deficit<\/code>\uff08\u8ca1\u653f\u8d64\u5b57\u306e\u5275\u51fa\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5bfe\u7acb\u8ad6\u70b9\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u89e3\u4f53\u30fb\u6355\u7372\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u8a71\u8005 B \u306f\u8a71\u8005 A \u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u7dd1\u5316\u63d0\u6848\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u610f\u3057\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u3067\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u516c\u5712\u3092\u5897\u8a2d\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8a71\u8005 B \u306e\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u8ca1\u653f\u8d64\u5b57\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6279\u5224\u7684\u8996\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u53d7\u5bb9\u8868\u73fe&nbsp;<code>While that is undeniable<\/code>&nbsp;\u3060\u3051\u3092\u898b\u3066\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u610f\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u3001\u521d\u898b\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u8aa4\u8aad\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002(\u5bfe\u6bd4\u4f8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u3010\u521d\u898b\u5f62\u5f0f: \u56f3\u8868\u7d71\u5408\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u672c\u6587]: Ocean temperatures have steadily risen over the past half-century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u56f3\u8868\u89e3\u8aac]: [\uff08\u56f3\u8868\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u8db3\u5834\uff09As illustrated in Figure 3,] [\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u89e3\u91c8\uff09this thermal escalation directly correlates with the accelerated bleaching of coral barrier reefs.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u56f3\u8868\u53c2\u7167\u306e\u521d\u898b\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001<code>Figure 3<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8996\u899a\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u300c\u30b5\u30f3\u30b4\u7901\u767d\u5316\u3068\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u76f8\u95a2\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u89e3\u91c8\uff08\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3078\u3068\u6ed1\u3089\u304b\u306b\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u6d41\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e0d\u5909\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u3010\u521d\u898b\u5f62\u5f0f: \u53e4\u98a8\u306a\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6587\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u672c\u6587]: [\uff08\u53e4\u98a8\u306a\u6587\u982d\u8db3\u5834\uff09In desires of governance, no sovereign may rule wisely] [\uff08\u6587\u672b\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09save that he subjects his private ambitions to the collective welfare of the commonwealth.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5012\u7f6e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u53e4\u98a8\u306a\u6587\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u300c\u7d71\u6cbb\u306e\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>save that...<\/code>\uff08\u79c1\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u3092\u5168\u4f53\u5584\u306b\u5f93\u5c5e\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u5207\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u4e0d\u5909\u7684\u9069\u7528\u624b\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3084\u5909\u5247\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3082\u3001Given-New Contract \u3092\u8ef8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u78ba\u5b9f\u3055\u3067\u6b63\u89e3\u3078\u3068\u5230\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u6f14\u7b97\u4f53\u7cfb\u306e\u5b8c\u6210\u3068\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u904b\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\uff08M04: \u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u539f\u7406\u3001\u63a8\u8ad6\u624b\u9806\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u691c\u8a3c\u6280\u6cd5\u3092\u4fee\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u5230\u9054\u3059\u308b\u6700\u7d42\u5730\u70b9\u3068\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u306a\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u9069\u7528\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u306e\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\uff08Automatic Execution\uff09\u3078\u3068\u6607\u83ef\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u958b\u3044\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u5b9a\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>the<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u524d\u6587\u306e\u3069\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u304c\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u6d6e\u304b\u3073\u4e0a\u304c\u308a\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9577\u3044\u7bc0\u304c\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u3082\u4f1d\u3048\u305f\u3044\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u5012\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5d29\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u4e00\u672c\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u898b\u308c\u3070\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u3069\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3069\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7bc4\u56f2\uff08\u5168\u79f0\/\u7279\u79f0\u3001\u56e0\u679c\uff09\u3092\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u304b\u304c\u4e00\u76ee\u3067\u7834\u7834\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u6f14\u7b97\u4f53\u7cfb\u306e\u5b8c\u6210\u3053\u305d\u304c\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u521d\u898b\u306e\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u9577\u6587\u3092\u5236\u9650\u6642\u9593\u5185\u306b\u5b8c\u74a7\u306b\u6253\u3061\u7834\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u52dd\u3092\u53ce\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6700\u5f37\u306e\u6b66\u5668\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u904b\u7528\u3092\u672c\u756a\u3067\u5168\u958b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u601d\u8003\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\uff08Master Algorithm\uff09\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3010\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u82f1\u8a9e\u89e3\u8aad\u30fb\u89e3\u7b54\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6587\u982d\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u5224\u5b9a<\/strong>: \u6587\u982d\u306e\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u30fb\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\u3092\u898b\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u524d\u6587\u304b\u3089\u306e\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u63a5\u7d9a\uff08Given\uff09\u300d\u304b\u300c\u521d\u51fa\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u5c0e\u5165\u300d\u304b\u3092\u611f\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u8aad\u66f8\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u500d\u901f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6587\u672b\uff08\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong>: \u52d5\u8a5e\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u7279\u306b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6587\u672b\u3078\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u91cd\u3044\u7bc0\u30fb\u53e5\u3092\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\uff08Focus\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u88dc\u7372\u3057\u3001100% \u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u7cbe\u8aad\u30fb\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u6f14\u7b97<\/strong>: \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6709\u7121\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304b\u3089\u6587\u6587\u9593\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u8b72\u6b69\uff09\u3092\u8133\u5185\u3067\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u6570\u5f0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e00\u77ac\u306e\u7834\u7834<\/strong>: \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u300c\u7bc4\u56f2\uff08\u5168\u79f0\/\u7279\u79f0\uff09\u300d\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\u300d\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u300d\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u81ea\u5f8b\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8aad\u89e3\u8005\u300d\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u898f\u5247\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3059\u308b\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u6f14\u7b97\u306e\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u300d\u3078\u3068\u9032\u5316\u3092\u9042\u3052\u308b\u3002\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u305f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u5bf8\u5206\u306e\u72c2\u3044\u3082\u306a\u304f\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u6483\u7834\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u52dd\u5229\u304c\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020(\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831)\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u4f53\u7cfb\u300d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b8c\u4fee\u3057\u305f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u3068\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u3001\u52d8\u3084\u611f\u899a\u306b\u983c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u30fb\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u78ba\u3055\u3067\u653b\u7565\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u3044\u77e5\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9023\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u53f7\u306e\u7f85\u5217\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u8a98\u5c0e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u300c\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\/\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u3001\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3044\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u6838\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\/\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u6587\u672b\u3078\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\uff08Given-New Contract\uff09\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u7de8\u307f\u4e0a\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6211\u3005\u306f\u3053\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3092\u8ef8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u6587\u9593\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u89e3\u304d\u307b\u3050\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3059\u308b\u6975\u81f4\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u6280\u8853\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8996\u5ea7\u5c64\u304a\u3088\u3073\u539f\u7406\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5f62\u614b\u8ad6\u30fb\u7d71\u8a9e\u8ad6\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5bc6\u63a5\u306a\u9023\u52d5\u6027\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u51a0\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>a<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>the<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u5dee\u3001\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u524d\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u3078\u3068\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u5e8f\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>It<\/code>&nbsp;\u3084\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u8efd\u91cf\u6587\u982d\u5f62\u6210\u3068\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u539f\u5247\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6587\u672b\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u8a9e\u9806\u304c\u7834\u58ca\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u3084\u5012\u7f6e\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587&nbsp;<code>It is X that Y<\/code>&nbsp;\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u304c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u305f\u524d\u63d0 Y\u300d\u3068\u300c\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9 X\u300d\u3078\u3068\u69cb\u9020\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u793a\u3059\u9806\u76ee\u30fb\u9006\u76ee\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3084\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u6027\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\uff09\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u5bfe\u7167\u6027\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30ec\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\uff09\u304b\u3089\u6587\u9593\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306a\u7d50\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8003\u7a76\u5c64\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7cbe\u9ac4\u5c64\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u4f53\u3092\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ac7\u8a71\u5206\u6790\u3068\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3078\u3068\u6607\u83ef\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9ad8\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u3068\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u9006\u7b97\u30fb\u5fa9\u5143\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9577\u6587\u8981\u7d04\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4f8b\u793a\u30fb\u8b72\u6b69\u30fb\u633f\u5165\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u307f\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u30fb\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u6280\u8853\u3092\u4fee\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u306e\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\uff08Truth Value\uff09\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\uff08\u5168\u79f0\/\u7279\u79f0\uff09\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u7de9\u548c\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u9006\u8ee2\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u300d\u306e\u4ed8\u3051\u8db3\u3057\u3068\u3044\u3046 4 \u5927\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u7834\u7834\u3059\u308b\u691c\u77e5\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002\u521d\u898b\u306e\u5909\u5247\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u3084\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001Given-New Contract \u306e\u4e0d\u5909\u7684\u516c\u7406\u3092\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306b\u767a\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u3001\u4e00\u5207\u306e\u8ff7\u3044\u306a\u304f\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u6355\u7372\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u3053\u3053\u306b\u7d50\u5b9f\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u4f53\u7cfb\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u305f\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3082\u306f\u3084\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u96e3\u89e3\u3055\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u56f0\u60d1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u6df1\u5c64\u306b\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3092\u89e3\u304d\u660e\u304b\u3057\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u3092\u4e0a\u7a7a\u304b\u3089\u4fef\u77b0\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304f\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u7b54\u529b\u3092\u6b66\u5668\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u3068\u3044\u3046\u77e5\u306e\u8a66\u7df4\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u3044\u5b8c\u52dd\u3092\u53ce\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b9f\u8df5\u77e5\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6f14\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb M04 \u3067\u4fee\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u4f53\u7cfb\u300d\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u554f\u984c\u7fa4\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306b\u5373\u6642\u7684\u304b\u3064\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u30fb\u4f53\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u7a7a\u9593\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5408\u683c\u70b9\u3092\u9065\u304b\u306b\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u9ad8\u5f97\u70b9\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u548c\u8a33\u3084\u611f\u899a\u7684\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6392\u3057\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u5909\u5f62\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u304b\u3089\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u6838\uff09\u300d\u3092\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u5f0f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5207\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u6f14\u7b97\u529b\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6f14\u7fd2\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b 4 \u3064\u306e\u5927\u554f\u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u65e7\u5e1d\u5927\u3001\u6771\u4eac\u79d1\u5b66\u5927\u3001\u65e9\u6176\u7b49\u306e\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6975\u9650\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8ac7\u8a71\u5c55\u958b\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5de7\u5999\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6b6a\u66f2\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3002\u53d7\u8b1b\u751f\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u5b66\u3093\u3067\u304d\u305f Given-New Contract \u306e\u4e0d\u5909\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6587\u672b\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b 4 \u5927\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u6392\u9664\u624b\u9806\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8ac7\u8a71\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u3092\u30d5\u30eb\u306b\u7a3c\u50cd\u3055\u305b\u3001\u4e00\u5207\u306e\u76f4\u611f\u3092\u6392\u3057\u305f\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u6483\u7834\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u523b\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51fa\u984c\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51fa\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3068\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f:\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5927(\u8a18\u8ff0\u578b)\u306e\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u8981\u7d04\u30fb\u69cb\u9020\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u548c\u8a33\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u96e3\u95a2\u79c1\u7acb\u5927(\u5ba2\u89b3\u578b)\u306e\u9577\u6587\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u30fb\u8131\u6587\u633f\u5165\u30fb\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u30fb\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u7d71\u5408\u554f\u984c\u306e\u8907\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6:\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u767a\u5c55 \u301c \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u96e3\u95a2\u6975\u81f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5206\u91cf:\u5927\u554f4\u984c\u30fb\u5c0f\u554f\u8a0816\u554f\u30fb\u5236\u9650\u6642\u959350\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a9e\u5f59\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb(\u82f1\u6587):\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u5358\u7fa9\u3067\u306f\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6587\u8108\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u591a\u7fa9\u8a9e\u304c\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u69cb\u6587\u8907\u96d1\u5ea6(\u82f1\u6587):\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u7bc0\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u524d\u7f6e\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u30fb\u88dc\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u982d\u524d\u7f6e\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5206\u96e2\u79fb\u52d5\u304c\u91cd\u7573\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b(\u82f1\u6587):\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u305f\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u3001\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u65cb\u56de\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8907\u6570\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u9593\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u88dc\u5f37\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u983b\u51fa\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f31: \u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30c8\u3068\u5206\u96e2\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u4ea4\u932f\u3059\u308b\u6975\u9650\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u548c\u8a33\u30fb\u69cb\u9020\u7279\u5b9a\u3011<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2192 \u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u306b\u524d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3084\u633f\u5165\u7bc0\u3092\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30bb\u30eb\u3057\u3001\u6587\u672b\u3078\u8ffd\u3044\u3084\u3089\u308c\u305f\u91cd\u3044\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30fb\u771f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u7bc0\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u672b\u3067\u969b\u7acb\u3064\u7b54\u6848\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f32: \u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u3068\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8131\u6587\u633f\u5165\u30fb\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u3011<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2192 \u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8131\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>This N<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u3069\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u5bb9\u30fb\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u3001\u6587\u6587\u9593\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u6570\u73e0\u3064\u306a\u304e\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f33: \u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\uff08Truth Value\uff09\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f 4 \u5927\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u6392\u9664\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3011<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u8e0f\u8972\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u7bc4\u56f2\uff08\u5168\u79f0\/\u7279\u79f0\uff09\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u5bc6\u304b\u306b\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u305b\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u7167\u5408\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7834\u7834\u3055\u305b\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5dee\u304c\u3064\u304f\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Point 1: \u5012\u7f6e\u3084\u5f37\u8abf\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5358\u306b\u8868\u5c64\u3092\u8a33\u3057\u4e0b\u3059\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u300c\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u8db3\u5834\u300d\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u300c\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u300d\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5206\u96e2\u3092\u7b54\u6848\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u53cd\u6620\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Point 2: \u8981\u7d04\u30fb\u5927\u610f\u628a\u63e1\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u3001\u88dc\u8db3\u7684\u633f\u5165\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u9802\u70b9\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u307f\u3092\u9aa8\u683c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u62bd\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Point 3: \u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4f4e\u8ca0\u8377\u554f\u984c\u3068\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u554f\u984c\u306e\u512a\u5148\u56de\u7b54\u9806\u4f4d\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u9451\u5225\u3057\u3001\u65e7\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u50be\u659c\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u901f\u8aad\u3068\u7cbe\u8aad\u306e\u540c\u6642\u4e26\u884c\u904b\u7528\uff08Dual-track Processing\uff09\u3092\u5168\u958b\u306b\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6f14\u7fd2\u554f\u984c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u554f\u984c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a66\u9a13\u6642\u9593: 50\u5206 \/ \u6e80\u70b9: 100\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff11\u554f(25\u70b9)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(1)\u301c(3)\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u50be\u659c\uff08\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u69cb\u6587\u4e0a\u306e\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u305b\u305f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306b\u7ffb\u8a33\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u554f(4)\u306e\u6307\u793a\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5b57\u6570\u3067\u8981\u7d04\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For decades, mainstream evolutionary biologists maintained that the structural development of complex physiological traits was governed exclusively by linear genetic mutations transmitted through successive generations. (1) Only when contemporary researchers began to subject these traditional models to rigorous epigenetic testing did there emerge a profound consensus that environmental stressors can trigger rapid, transgenerational phenotypic shifts without altering the underlying primary DNA sequence. This paradigm shift does not imply that genetic inheritance is irrelevant; rather, it demonstrates that organisms possess a far more dynamic capacity for real-time adaptation than classical Darwinian theories allowed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, this newfound molecular flexibility transforms our understanding of ecological resilience. (2) The research team made it abundantly clear to the international scientific community that the rapid degradation of natural habitats forces species to deploy latent epigenetic mechanisms rather than wait for fortuitous genetic mutations to arise. (3) Among the most critical implications of this discovery is the realization that human-induced environmental shifts are accelerating the biological pace of evolutionary response in wildlife populations across urban ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) \u672c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u3092\u3001\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u88dc\u8db3\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067 70 \u5b57\u301c 90 \u5b57\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u8981\u7d04\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff12\u554f(25\u70b9)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u7a7a\u6b04 [ 1 ] \u301c [ 3 ] \u306b\u5165\u308b\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u6587\u3092\u3001\u4e0b\u8a18\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u301c D \u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u4e00\u3064\u305a\u3064\u9078\u3073\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306e\u7a7a\u6b04 [ 4 ] \u306b\u5165\u308b\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff08\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\uff09\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Classical macroeconomics established the foundational doctrine that free financial markets operate as self-correcting mechanisms, naturally dispersing economic risks through rational price adjustments. [ 1 ] Under normal market conditions, this decentralized system efficiently allocates capital across diverse industrial sectors. However, during periods of acute systemic uncertainty, the behavioral dynamics of market participants undergo a catastrophic shift. Investors, driven by loss aversion and cognitive panic, abandon individual analytical models and engage in collective herd behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 2 ] When thousands of financial actors simultaneously attempt to liquidate assets, market liquidity vanishes, amplifying price volatility into a self-fulfilling downward spiral. [ 3 ] [ 4 ], modern financial regulatory frameworks can no longer rely on the naive assumption of market self-correction. Instead, regulatory authorities must design proactive choice architectures that intervene directly to curb systemic panics before they cascade across global networks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. This behavioral convergence transforms what would otherwise be a minor market correction into a devastating systemic crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B. These traditional economic models assumed that individual traders always process financial information with perfect mathematical rationality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C. This sudden evaporation of capital reserves forces central banks to inject liquidity directly into commercial banking systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D. Consequently, the assumption that market participants act independently becomes an untenable theoretical illusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff13\u554f(25\u70b9)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u7167\u3089\u3057\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3001\u4e0b\u90e8\u8a2d\u554f(1)\u301c(4)\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\uff08Truth Value\uff09\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\uff08T: \u771f\u3068\u306a\u308b\uff09\u3082\u306e\u3092\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u4e00\u3064\u305a\u3064\u9078\u3073\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In academic discourse regarding technological innovation, it is frequently asserted that artificial intelligence will inevitably cause widespread structural unemployment by automating cognitive tasks previously reserved for human professionals. While it is undeniable that algorithmic systems can execute routine data analysis and administrative logistics with higher velocity and lower error rates than human workers, empirical economic data reveals a far more nuanced reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Technological transitions historically do not merely destroy existing jobs; rather, they systematically alter the functional nature of work itself. By automating low-level repetitive tasks, artificial intelligence elevates the relative economic value of uniquely human cognitive attributes\u2014such as empathetic communication, ethical judgment, and complex cross-domain synthesis. Consequently, in industries that have heavily integrated automated systems, total employment has not contracted; instead, the demand for high-skilled professionals capable of operating in hybrid human-machine architectures has experienced an unprecedented surge. The primary threat to modern workers is therefore not the technology itself, but rather the failure of educational institutions to update training frameworks to prepare the workforce for these evolved occupational roles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) \u672c\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4eba\u5de5\u77e5\u80fd\uff08AI\uff09\u3068\u96c7\u7528\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u771f\uff08T\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. AI \u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4ee3\u66ff\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u7523\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u7684\u306b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5931\u696d\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B. AI \u306f\u5b9a\u578b\u7684\u4f5c\u696d\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5358\u719f\u7df4\u52b4\u50cd\u3092\u596a\u3046\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7dcf\u96c7\u7528\u91cf\u306f\u77ed\u671f\u9593\u3067\u5287\u7684\u306b\u7e2e\u5c0f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C. AI \u306f\u5b9a\u578b\u696d\u52d9\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u7279\u6709\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u96c7\u7528\u9700\u8981\u3092\u5897\u5927\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D. AI \u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6700\u3082\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8105\u5a01\u306b\u6652\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5148\u7aef\u6280\u8853\u306e\u66f4\u65b0\u901f\u5ea6\u306b\u8ffd\u3044\u3064\u3051\u306a\u3044\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u7d4c\u55b6\u4f53\u8cea\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) \u904e\u53bb\u306e\u6280\u8853\u79fb\u884c\uff08Technological transitions\uff09\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u771f\uff08T\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. \u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u3001\u6280\u8853\u9769\u65b0\u304c\u5358\u306b\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u5909\u5bb9\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B. \u6280\u8853\u9769\u65b0\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4f8b\u5916\u306a\u304f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8077\u696d\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3092\u6d88\u6ec5\u3055\u305b\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u3092\u52b4\u50cd\u304b\u3089\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u89e3\u653e\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C. \u904e\u53bb\u306e\u6280\u8853\u79fb\u884c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5b9a\u578b\u4f5c\u696d\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u304c\u9032\u3080\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u4eba\u9593\u7279\u6709\u306e\u30a8\u043c\u043f\u0430\u30b7\u30fc\u3084\u502b\u7406\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u8457\u3057\u304f\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D. \u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u5206\u6790\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6280\u8853\u3092\u65e9\u671f\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u305f\u4f01\u696d\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306e\u7dcf\u96c7\u7528\u6570\u3092\u4e00\u5f8b\u306b\u534a\u6e1b\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) \u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u304c\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u771f\u306e\u8105\u5a01\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\uff08T\uff09\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. \u4eba\u5de5\u77e5\u80fd\u6280\u8853\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u3092\u6a21\u5023\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6025\u901f\u306b\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B. \u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u304c\u52b4\u50cd\u529b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u9032\u5316\u3055\u305b\u305f\u8077\u696d\u7684\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u66f4\u65b0\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C. \u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4eba\u9593\u3088\u308a\u3082\u9ad8\u3044\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u7387\u3092\u8a18\u9332\u3057\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D. \u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u4eba\u9593\u30fb\u6a5f\u68b0\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u8981\u6c42\u6c34\u6e96\u304c\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3059\u304e\u3001\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306e\u610f\u6b32\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) \u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u771f\uff08T\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. AI \u306e\u666e\u53ca\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u52b4\u50cd\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u7d42\u7109\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6280\u8853\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3092\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u7981\u6b62\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B. \u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u51e6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4eba\u9593\u3088\u308a\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u502b\u7406\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3084\u5bfe\u4eba\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3082\u3059\u3079\u3066 AI \u306b\u59d4\u306d\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C. AI \u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306b\u3088\u308b\u96c7\u7528\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u5931\u696d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u9069\u5fdc\u3053\u305d\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D. \u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6280\u8853\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u8077\u306e\u9700\u8981\u304c\u6fc0\u6e1b\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306f\u5b9a\u578b\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u52d9\u4f5c\u696d\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff14\u554f(25\u70b9)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u3075\u305f\u3064\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\uff08\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u304a\u3088\u3073\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B\uff09\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u4e0b\u90e8\u8a2d\u554f(1)\u30fb(2)\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Urbanization is conventionally viewed as an environmental catastrophe that inevitably destroys natural ecosystems. As cities expand, concrete infrastructure replaces forest cover, fragmenting habitats and driving local wildlife species to extinction. Furthermore, urban centers consume vast quantities of energy and generate concentrated pollution, creating ecological dead zones in surrounding regions. To mitigate these environmental damages, urban planners must enforce strict growth boundaries and restrict further municipal development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While traditional urban sprawl undoubtedly damages contiguous rural landscapes, recent ecological surveys demonstrate that modern metropolitan centers can function as novel ecosystems. High-density urban environments with integrated green roofs, vertical gardens, and micro-parks offer diverse microclimates that foster unexpected biodiversity. In fact, for certain avian and insect species, well-designed urban areas provide richer foraging opportunities and higher protection from natural predators than degraded agricultural monocultures. The environmental challenge, therefore, is not to halt urbanization, but to optimize urban design to harness these ecological synergies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) \u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u9593\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u5171\u901a\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3001\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u306e\u76f8\u9055\uff09\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067 100 \u5b57\u301c 120 \u5b57\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) \u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u9ad8\u3044\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u3067\u6b62\u63da\uff08\u7d71\u5408\uff09\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u63a1\u308b\u3079\u304d\u300c\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u300d\u3092 80 \u5b57\u301c 100 \u5b57\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff11\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u5012\u7f6e\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u5316\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u4f53\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6587\u672b\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u6587\u982d\u524d\u7f6e\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u3092\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8981\u7d04\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u96e3\u95a2\u6975\u81f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 15\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u554f\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b9a\u8aac\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\/\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u304b\u3089\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u30a8\u30d4\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\/\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u65cb\u56de\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(1)\u301c(3)\u306f\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u69cb\u6587\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\uff08\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30fb\u524d\u7f6e\uff09\u304c\u91cd\u7573\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u901a\u308a\u306e\u76f4\u8a33\u3067\u306f\u7126\u70b9\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u30dc\u3084\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u767a\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(1): \u6587\u982d\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>Only when...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3002\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b&nbsp;<code>did there emerge a profound consensus<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7591\u554f\u6587\u8a9e\u9806\uff08\u5012\u7f6e\uff09\u3092\u4f5c\u52d5\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(2): \u7b2c 5 \u6587\u578b&nbsp;<code>made it C to NP that...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3002<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u306f\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3001\u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306f\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3002<code>clear<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u306e\u9593\u306b\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f&nbsp;<code>to the international...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u6642\u9694\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(3): \u6587\u982d\u306e\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>Among the most critical implications...<\/code>\uff08\u88dc\u8a9e M\uff09\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3002\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b be \u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>is<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>the realization that...<\/code>\uff08S\uff09\u304c\u7d9a\u304f&nbsp;<code>M + V + S<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593: 90\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8 \u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96 \u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1] \u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(1)\u5012\u7f6e \u6587\u982d\u9650\u5b9a\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u2192 \u6587\u672b\u65b0\u5408\u610f\uff08\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306e\u6b63\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb 30\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[2] \u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(2)\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684 \u5f62\u5f0f&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u631f\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u901a\u904e \u2192 \u6587\u672b&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u6355\u7372 30\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[3] \u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(3)\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e \u6587\u982d\u5168\u4f53\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u2192 \u6587\u672b\u4e3b\u8a9e\u771f\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a 30\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(1):&nbsp;<code>Only when...<\/code>\uff08\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u30a8\u30d4\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u691c\u8a3c\u306b\u6652\u3057\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\uff09\uff1d\u6587\u982d\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u8db3\u5834\u3002<code>did there emerge...<\/code>\uff08\u301c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6df1\u9060\u306a\u5408\u610f\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3057\u305f\uff09\uff1d\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u7126\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9:\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u8981\u56e0\u304c\u3001\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4e00\u6b21 DNA \u914d\u5217\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6025\u901f\u306a\u4e16\u4ee3\u9593\u306e\u5f62\u8cea\u5909\u5316\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u5f97\u308b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(2): \u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>The research team<\/code>&nbsp;+ \u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>made<\/code>&nbsp;+ \u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;+ \u88dc\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>abundantly clear<\/code>&nbsp;+ \u526f\u8a5e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>to the international...<\/code>\uff08\u9694\u96e2\uff09+ \u771f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>that...<\/code>\uff08\u6355\u7372\uff09\u3002\u7126\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9:\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u606f\u5730\u306e\u6025\u901f\u306a\u52a3\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u7a2e\u306f\u5076\u767a\u7684\u306a\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u7a81\u7136\u5909\u7570\u306e\u767a\u751f\u3092\u5f85\u3064\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30d4\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u6a5f\u69cb\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u305b\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(3): \u6587\u982d\u524d\u7f6e\u53e5&nbsp;<code>Among the most critical...<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u306e\u767a\u898b\u306e\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u793a\u5506\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u301c\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\uff1d\u5168\u4f53\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>is<\/code>&nbsp;+ \u65b0\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>the realization that...<\/code>\uff1d\u7126\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9:\u300c\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u5316\u304c\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91ce\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u96c6\u56e3\u306e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u9032\u5316\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u52a0\u901f\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a8d\u8b58\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) \u8981\u7d04\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u524a\u6e1b: \u7b2c 1 \u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u8aac\uff08DNA \u914d\u5217\u5909\u66f4\u306e\u307f\uff1d\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3092\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8(1)\u306e\u300cDNA \u914d\u5217\u3092\u5909\u3048\u305a\u306b\u74b0\u5883\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u3067\u5f62\u8cea\u5909\u5316\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u30a8\u30d4\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u91ce\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u9032\u5316\u52a0\u901f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u307f\u3092\u51dd\u7e2e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7b54\u6848\u306e\u6587\u672b\u3067\u529b\u5f37\u304f\u7740\u5730\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3057\u3066\u7ffb\u8a33\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8981\u7d04\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) \u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u30a8\u30d4\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u691c\u8a3c\u306b\u6652\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u3001\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4e00\u6b21 DNA \u914d\u5217\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u8981\u56e0\u304c\u6025\u901f\u306a\u4e16\u4ee3\u9593\u306e\u5f62\u8cea\u5909\u5316\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u5f97\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6df1\u9060\u306a\u5408\u610f\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) \u7814\u7a76\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u606f\u5730\u306e\u6025\u901f\u306a\u52a3\u5316\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u7a2e\u306f\u3001\u5076\u767a\u7684\u306a\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u7a81\u7136\u5909\u7570\u306e\u767a\u751f\u3092\u5f85\u3064\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30d4\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u6a5f\u69cb\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u305b\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u304d\u308f\u3081\u3066\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) \u3053\u306e\u767a\u898b\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u793a\u5506\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u5316\u304c\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u96c6\u56e3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u9032\u5316\u306e\u901f\u5ea6\u3092\u52a0\u901f\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a8d\u8b58\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) \u65b0\u3057\u3044\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30e0\u306f\u3001DNA \u914d\u5217\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u3092\u4f34\u308f\u305a\u306b\u74b0\u5883\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u304c\u6025\u901f\u306a\u5f62\u8cea\u5909\u5316\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u30a8\u30d4\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u6a5f\u69cb\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u74b0\u5883\u7b49\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u306e\u8fc5\u901f\u306a\u751f\u614b\u9069\u5fdc\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\uff0889\u5b57\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: (1) \u3067\u306f&nbsp;<code>Only when<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>a profound consensus that...<\/code>\uff08\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u304c\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u300c\u301c\u3057\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u301c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5408\u610f\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3068\u8a33\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002(2) \u3067\u306f\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u306e\u5c55\u958b\uff09\u304c\u6700\u5927\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f1d\u308f\u308b\u3088\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002(3) \u3067\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u7f6e&nbsp;<code>M + V + S<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u4e3b\u8a9e&nbsp;<code>the realization that...<\/code>\uff08\u8a8d\u8b58\uff09\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7740\u5730\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002(4) \u3067\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7dda\u5f62\u907a\u4f1d\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\uff09\u3092\u6392\u3057\u3001\u30a8\u30d4\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6025\u901f\u306a\u5f62\u8cea\u5909\u5316\u3068\u8fc5\u901f\u306a\u9032\u5316\u9069\u7528\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u307f\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: (1) \u3067\u5012\u7f6e\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u6df1\u9060\u306a\u5408\u610f\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u307f\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u305f\u8aa4\u8a33\u3002(2) \u3067&nbsp;<code>abundantly clear<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;<code>that<\/code>&nbsp;\u7bc0\u306e\u9593\u306b\u631f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u305a&nbsp;<code>it<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u8aa4\u8a33\u3002(3) \u3067&nbsp;<code>Among...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u300c\u6700\u3082\u6279\u5224\u7684\u306a\u793a\u5506\u304c\u8a8d\u8b58\u3092\u653b\u6483\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u76f4\u8a33\u5d29\u58ca\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u8aa4\u8a33\u3002(4) \u3067\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u904e\u53bb\u8aac\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u3060\u3089\u3060\u3089\u3068\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u6570\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5f35\u6b20\u843d\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u6587\u982d\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e\u30fb\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u5012\u7f6e\u6587\u3001\u7b2c 5 \u6587\u578b\u5f62\u5f0f\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3b\u5f35\u62bd\u51fa\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u5168\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66 2019 \u5e74 \u7b2c 1 \u554f\uff08\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u8981\u7d04\u30fb\u69cb\u9020\u89e3\u4f53\uff09\u3001\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66 2021 \u5e74 \u7b2c 2 \u554f\uff08\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5206\u96e2\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u8a33\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff12\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e&nbsp;<code>This N<\/code>&nbsp;\u304c\u6301\u3064\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6587\u9593\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8996\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u7279\u5b9a\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u96e3\u95a2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 10\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u554f\u306f\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5e02\u5834\u81ea\u5df1\u8abf\u7bc0\u8aac\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\/\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u304c\u6050\u614c\u6642\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u5fc3\u7406\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\/\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u898f\u5236\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7a7a\u6b04\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 1 ]: \u76f4\u524d\u3067\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u306f\u81ea\u52d5\u8abf\u7bc0\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u5206\u6563\u3059\u308b\uff08\u4f1d\u7d71\u8aac\uff09\u300d\u304c\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067&nbsp;<code>Under normal market conditions, this decentralized system...<\/code>\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u6761\u4ef6\u5316\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5206\u6563\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u301c\uff09\u3068\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7a7a\u6b04 [ 1 ] \u306b\u306f\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u8aac\u306e\u4eee\u5b9a\u3084\u88dc\u8db3\uff08\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u540c\u4f4d\uff09\u304c\u5165\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 2 ]: \u76f4\u524d\u3067\u300c\u6295\u8cc7\u5bb6\u304c\u8a8d\u77e5\u30d1\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u304b\u3089\u96c6\u56e3\u884c\u52d5\uff08herd behavior\uff09\u306b\u8d70\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067&nbsp;<code>When thousands of financial actors simultaneously attempt to liquidate assets...<\/code>\uff08\u4f55\u5343\u3082\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u5bb6\u304c\u4e00\u6589\u306b\u8a66\u307f\u308b\u3068\u301c\uff09\u3068\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7a7a\u6b04 [ 2 ] \u306f\u3001\u96c6\u56e3\u884c\u52d5\uff08herd behavior\uff09\u3092&nbsp;<code>This behavioral convergence<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u53ce\u675f\uff09\u3068\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\u3057\u3066\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u3001\u5e02\u5834\u5371\u6a5f\u3078\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u6587\u304c\u5165\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 3 ] &amp; [ 4 ]: \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 3 ] \u306f\u3001\u8cc7\u7523\u58f2\u5374\u304c\u4e00\u6589\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u5e02\u5834\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u304c\u84b8\u767a\u3057\u3001\u4fa1\u683c\u4e0b\u843d\u306e\u60aa\u5faa\u74b0\u306b\u9665\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u6587\u3002\u7a7a\u6b04 [ 4 ] \u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u300c\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff08Consequently\uff09\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u898f\u5236\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306f\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u8abf\u7bc0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d20\u6734\u306a\u4eee\u5b9a\u306b\u983c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u3092\u65cb\u56de\u30fb\u7d50\u8a9e\u3078\u5c0e\u304f\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593: 60\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8 \u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96 \u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1] \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 1 ] \u9078\u629e \u4f1d\u7d71\u8aac\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u88dc\u5f37\u53e5\uff08\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B\uff09\u3092\u88dc\u7372 20\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[2] \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 2 ] \u9078\u629e&nbsp;&nbsp;<code>herd behavior<\/code>&nbsp;\u2192&nbsp;<code>This behavioral...<\/code>\uff08\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A\uff0920\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[3] \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 3 ] \u9078\u629e \u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u84b8\u767a \u2192 \u5e02\u5834\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4eee\u5b9a\u7834\u7dbb\uff08\u9078\u629e\u80a2 D\uff0920\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[4] \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 4 ] \u6c7a\u5b9a \u524d\u6587\u306e\u60aa\u5faa\u74b0\u7d50\u679c \u2192 \u7d50\u8ad6\u3078\u306e\u56e0\u679c\uff08Consequently\uff0910\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 1 ]: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 B&nbsp;<code>These traditional economic models assumed that...<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u500b\u4eba\u6295\u8cc7\u5bb6\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3067\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\uff09\u304c\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e&nbsp;<code>Classical macroeconomics<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u5b8c\u74a7\u306a\u540c\u4f4d\u88dc\u5f37\uff08Given\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 2 ]: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 A&nbsp;<code>This behavioral convergence transforms what would otherwise be a minor market correction into a devastating systemic crisis.<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u53ce\u675f[=herd behavior]\u304c\u3001\u3055\u3082\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u8efd\u5fae\u306a\u5e02\u5834\u4fee\u6b63\u3067\u6e08\u3093\u3060\u3082\u306e\u3092\u58ca\u6ec5\u7684\u306a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u5371\u6a5f\u3078\u3068\u5909\u8c8c\u3055\u305b\u308b\uff09\u304c\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e&nbsp;<code>herd behavior<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u53d7\u5bb9\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 3 ]: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 D&nbsp;<code>Consequently, the assumption that market participants act independently becomes an untenable theoretical illusion.<\/code>\uff08\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5e02\u5834\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u304c\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u884c\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u5b9a\u306f\u7dad\u6301\u4e0d\u80fd\u306a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u932f\u899a\u3068\u306a\u308b\uff09\u304c\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u8cc7\u7523\u4e00\u6589\u58f2\u5374\uff08\u9023\u52d5\u884c\u52d5\uff09\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 4 ]: \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 4 ] \u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 D \u304c\u793a\u3059\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u300c\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff08Consequently \/ Therefore\uff09\u300d\u3068\u898f\u5236\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff08\u65b0\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u3078\u8ad6\u7406\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 1 ] = B, \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 2 ] = A, \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 3 ] = D, \u7a7a\u6b04 [ 4 ] = Consequently\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f Therefore\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 1 ] B<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 2 ] A<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 3 ] D<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 4 ] Consequently (\u307e\u305f\u306f Therefore)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: [ 1 ] \u3067\u306f\u524d\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>Classical macroeconomics<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092&nbsp;<code>These traditional economic models<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002[ 2 ] \u3067\u306f\u524d\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>collective herd behavior<\/code>\uff08\u96c6\u56e3\u884c\u52d5\uff09\u3092&nbsp;<code>This behavioral convergence<\/code>\uff08\u3053\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u53ce\u675f\uff09\u3068\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3067\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u5316\u3057\u3066\u65e7\u60c5\u5831\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002[ 3 ] \u3067\u306f\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u84b8\u767a\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3001\u6295\u8cc7\u5bb6\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u884c\u52d5\u4eee\u5b9a\u304c\u932f\u899a\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u8ad6\uff08D\uff09\u304c\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u9023\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u3002[ 4 ] \u3067\u306f\u524d\u8ff0\u306e\u5e02\u5834\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u300c\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u300d\u3068\u898f\u5236\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3078\u7740\u5730\u3055\u305b\u308b\u56e0\u679c\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u304c\u5fc5\u9808\u3067\u3042\u308b\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 C (<code>This sudden evaporation of capital reserves...<\/code>) \u306f\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u84b8\u767a\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u9280\u884c\u306e\u5373\u6642\u8cc7\u91d1\u6ce8\u5165\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306a\u3044\u5bfe\u7b56\u3092\u7a81\u5982\u6df7\u5165\u3055\u305b\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306e\u6570\u73e0\u3064\u306a\u304e\uff08Given-New\uff09\u3092\u5206\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u6307\u793a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff0b\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\uff08<code>This N<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u542b\u3080\u8131\u6587\u633f\u5165\u554f\u984c\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u7a7a\u6240\u88dc\u5145\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66 \u653f\u6cbb\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u90e8 2020 \u5e74 \u7b2c 2 \u554f\uff08\u8131\u6587\u633f\u5165\uff09\u3001\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66 \u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u90e8 2021 \u5e74 \u7b2c 1 \u554f\uff08\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u7d50\u675f\u6027\u7167\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff13\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u5f62\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u306e\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\uff08Truth Value\uff09\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\uff08\u5168\u79f0\/\u7279\u79f0\uff09\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\uff084 \u5927\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u7834\u7834\u30fb\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u96e3\u95a2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 12\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u554f\u306f\u3001AI \u306b\u3088\u308b\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u5931\u696d\u61f8\u5ff5\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\/\u8db3\u5834\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u300cAI \u306f\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u596a\u3046\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u4eba\u9593\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5404\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u672c\u6587\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8a2d\u554f(1): \u672c\u6587\u300cAI \u304c\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5931\u696d\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u901a\u5ff5\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u3088\u308a\u7e4a\u7d30\u306a\u73fe\u5b9f\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002AI \u306f\u5358\u7d14\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u7279\u6709\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8a2d\u554f(2): \u672c\u6587\u300c\u6280\u8853\u79fb\u884c\u306f\u5358\u306b\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u5909\u5bb9\u3055\u305b\u308b\uff08<code>alter the functional nature of work itself<\/code>\uff09\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8a2d\u554f(3): \u672c\u6587\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u8105\u5a01\u306f\u6280\u8853\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u304c\u9032\u5316\u3055\u305b\u305f\u8077\u696d\u7684\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u66f4\u65b0\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\uff08<code>failure of educational institutions to update training frameworks<\/code>\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u8a2d\u554f(4): \u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u7dcf\u62ec\u3002AI \u5c0e\u5165\u306f\u5931\u696d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u9069\u5fdc\u3053\u305d\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593: 90\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8 \u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96 \u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1] \u8a2d\u554f(1)\u7167\u5408 \u5168\u79f0\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048 A, B \u3092\u6392\u9664 \u2192 \u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048 C\uff08T\uff09 25\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[2] \u8a2d\u554f(2)\u7167\u5408 \u672c\u6587&nbsp;<code>alter the functional nature...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4 A\uff08T\uff09 20\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[3] \u8a2d\u554f(3)\u7167\u5408 \u672c\u6587&nbsp;<code>failure of educational institutions...<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u4e00\u81f4 B\uff08T\uff09 20\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[4] \u8a2d\u554f(4)\u7167\u5408 \u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\uff08\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3068\u6559\u80b2\u9069\u5fdc\uff09C\uff08T\uff09 25\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f(1): \u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u306f&nbsp;<code>completely replace<\/code>\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4ee3\u66ff\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073&nbsp;<code>inevitably<\/code>\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u306b\u5931\u696d\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\uff09\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u30fb\u904e\u5ea6\u8a87\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B \u306f&nbsp;<code>total employment has dramatically contracted<\/code>\uff08\u7dcf\u96c7\u7528\u91cf\u304c\u5287\u7684\u306b\u7e2e\u5c0f\uff09\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>total employment has not contracted<\/code>\uff08\u7e2e\u5c0f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 C \u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u5b9a\u578b\u696d\u52d9\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u7279\u6709\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4fa1\u5024\u306e\u5411\u4e0a\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u306e\u9700\u8981\u5897\u300d\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u904e\u5206\u306a\u304f\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a T\uff08\u771f\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 D \u306f\u300c\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u7d4c\u55b6\u4f53\u8cea\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u8105\u5a01\u300d\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306a\u3044\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f(2): \u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>Technological transitions historically do not merely destroy existing jobs; rather, they systematically alter the functional nature of work itself<\/code>&nbsp;\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u30fb\u540c\u4f4d\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a T\uff08\u771f\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B \u306f&nbsp;<code>without exception eliminated all occupational categories<\/code>\uff08\u4f8b\u5916\u306a\u304f\u5168\u8077\u696d\u3092\u6d88\u6ec5\u3055\u305b\u305f\uff09\u3068\u5168\u79f0\u8a87\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 C \u306f\u300c\u30a8\u30f3\u30d7\u30b7\u30fc\u3084\u502b\u7406\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>elevates the relative economic value<\/code>\uff08\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\uff09\u3068\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 D \u306f\u300c\u96c7\u7528\u6570\u3092\u4e00\u5f8b\u306b\u534a\u6e1b\u3055\u305b\u305f\u300d\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306a\u3044\u6570\u5024\u3092\u634f\u9020\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f(3): \u9078\u629e\u80a2 B \u306f\u672c\u6587\u672b\u5c3e\u306e&nbsp;<code>the failure of educational institutions to update training frameworks to prepare the workforce for these evolved occupational roles<\/code>&nbsp;\u3068\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a T\uff08\u771f\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u306f\u300c\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u3092\u6a21\u5023\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6025\u901f\u306b\u7372\u5f97\u4e2d\u300d\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306a\u3044\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306e\u4ed8\u3051\u8db3\u3057\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 C \u306f\u300cAI \u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u7387\u3092\u8a18\u9332\u300d\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>lower error rates<\/code>\uff08\u4f4e\u3044\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u7387\uff09\u3068\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 D \u306f\u300c\u8981\u6c42\u6c34\u6e96\u304c\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3059\u304e\u305f\u300d\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>demand for high-skilled professionals... has experienced an unprecedented surge<\/code>\uff08\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u306e\u6025\u5897\uff09\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f(4): \u9078\u629e\u80a2 C \u306f\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u3068\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\uff08\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3068\u6559\u80b2\u9069\u5fdc\uff09\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8981\u7d04\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a T\uff08\u771f\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u306f\u300cAI \u958b\u767a\u3092\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u7981\u6b62\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3060\u300d\u3068\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u672a\u8a18\u8ff0\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B \u306f\u300c\u502b\u7406\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3082 AI \u306b\u59d4\u306d\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u300d\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u502b\u7406\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u7279\u6709\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u4fa1\u5024\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 D \u306f\u300c\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u8077\u306e\u9700\u8981\u304c\u6fc0\u6e1b\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6025\u5897\uff08<code>unprecedented surge<\/code>\uff09\u3068\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a F\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 (1) C, (2) A, (3) B, (4) C \u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) C<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) A<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) B<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) C<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: (1) C \u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u5b9a\u578b\u4f5c\u696d\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u5316 \u2192 \u4eba\u9593\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u4fa1\u5024\u306e\u5411\u4e0a \u2192 \u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u306e\u6025\u5897\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5bf8\u5206\u9055\u308f\u305a\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002(2) A \u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e&nbsp;<code>alter the functional nature of work itself<\/code>&nbsp;\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u4e00\uff08T\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002(3) B \u306f\u672c\u6587\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u771f\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u8a13\u7df4\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u66f4\u65b0\u4e0d\u5168\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002(4) C \u306f\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\uff08\u5931\u696d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u9069\u5fdc\uff09\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u7dcf\u62ec\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: \u4e0d\u6b63\u89e3\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082 4 \u5927\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u304c\u4f5c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(1) A \u3084 (2) B \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5168\u79f0\u8a9e\uff08<code>completely<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>without exception<\/code>\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\u8a87\u5f35\u3001(1) B \u3084 (3) C \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u672c\u6587\u3068\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\uff08\u7e2e\u5c0f &#x2194; \u62e1\u5927\u3001\u4f4e\u3044\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u7387 &#x2194; \u9ad8\u3044\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u7387\uff09\u3001(1) D \u3084 (4) A \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u672c\u6587\u306b\u4e00\u5207\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u4ed8\u3051\u8db3\u3057\uff08\u7d4c\u55b6\u4f53\u8cea\u3001\u6cd5\u7684\u7981\u6b62\uff09\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u6392\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u5f62\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u7167\u5408\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u96e3\u95a2\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u30fb\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u306e\u9577\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u5168\u822c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66 \u6cd5\u5b66\u90e8 2021 \u5e74 \u7b2c 1 \u554f\uff08\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\uff09\u3001\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66 \u6587\u5b66\u90e8 2020 \u5e74 \u7b2c 1 \u554f\uff08\u547d\u984c\u771f\u507d\u5024\u7167\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff14\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u7570\u7a2e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u540c\u4e00\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5bfe\u7acb\u547d\u984c\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u7167\u5408\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u76f8\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u3068\u6b62\u63da\uff08\u7d71\u5408\uff09\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u96e3\u95a2\u6975\u81f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 13\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u554f\u306f\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u3092\u74b0\u5883\u7834\u58ca\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A\uff08\u5426\u5b9a\u6d3e\/\u5236\u9650\u8ad6\uff09\u3068\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u90fd\u5e02\u3092\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\uff08\u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\uff09\u3068\u6349\u3048\u308b\u6700\u65b0\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B\uff08\u80af\u5b9a\u6d3e\/\u6700\u9069\u5316\u8ad6\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\uff08\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u3068\u74b0\u5883\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5bfe\u6bd4\u7684\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 (1) \u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5206\u6790:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5171\u901a\u4e3b\u984c: \u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u304c\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u304a\u3088\u3073\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u306e\u7acb\u5834: \u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u7684\u306b\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u6210\u9577\u5883\u754c\u3092\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u5236\u9650\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u5236\u9650\u30fb\u963b\u6b62\u8ad6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u7acb\u5834: \u90fd\u5e02\u306f\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\uff08\u7dd1\u5316\u7b49\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308a\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u751f\u7269\u306e\u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u3092\u6b62\u3081\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u90fd\u5e02\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u6d3b\u7528\u30fb\u6700\u9069\u5316\u8ad6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bfe\u7acb\u70b9: \u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\uff08\u7834\u58ca vs \u65b0\u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u63a1\u308b\u3079\u304d\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\uff08\u6210\u9577\u5236\u9650 vs \u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u6700\u9069\u5316\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 (2) \u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\uff08\u6b62\u63da\uff09:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u306e\u8b66\u544a\uff08\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u306a\u90fd\u5e02\u62e1\u6563\uff1d\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7834\u58ca\uff09\u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u767a\u898b\uff08\u9069\u5207\u306a\u90fd\u5e02\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\uff1d\u65b0\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u306e\u5275\u51fa\uff09\u3092\u878d\u5408\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u8ad6: \u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u3092\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7981\u6b62\u30fb\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u3078\u306e\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u6291\u3048\u3064\u3064\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3092\u80b2\u3080\u74b0\u5883\u8abf\u548c\u578b\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u9069\u6b63\u7ba1\u7406\u3092\u63a8\u9032\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593: 90\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8 \u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96 \u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1] \u8a2d\u554f(1)\u69cb\u6210 \u5171\u901a\u4e3b\u984c + \u7acb\u5834\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\uff08\u7834\u58ca\/\u5236\u9650 vs \u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\/\u6700\u9069\u5316\uff09 40\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[2] \u8a2d\u554f(2)\u7d71\u5408 A\uff08\u7834\u58ca\u6291\u6b62\uff09+ B\uff08\u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\u6d3b\u7528\uff09\u3092\u5305\u542b\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u4f4d\u7d50\u8ad6 50\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) \u5171\u901a\u4e3b\u984c\u300c\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u306e\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u304c\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7834\u58ca\u3092\u7406\u7531\u306b\u90fd\u5e02\u6210\u9577\u306e\u5236\u9650\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306f\u7dd1\u5730\u7b49\u306b\u3088\u308b\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\u5275\u51fa\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u5bfe\u7acb\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u3092 100\u301c120 \u5b57\u3067\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) \u5358\u306b\u300cA \u3082 B \u3082\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u300d\u3068\u4e26\u5217\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u306a\u62e1\u5927\u3092\u9632\u304e\u3064\u3064\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u8abf\u548c\u578b\u90fd\u5e02\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u63a8\u9032\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3078\u3068\u6b62\u63da\u3057\u300180\u301c100 \u5b57\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u5b57\u6570\u5236\u9650\u306b\u5f93\u3044\u3001\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u7b54\u6848\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) \u4e21\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u5171\u901a\u4e3b\u984c\u3068\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001A \u304c\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u3092\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7834\u58ca\u3068\u6349\u3048\u6210\u9577\u5236\u9650\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001B \u306f\u90fd\u5e02\u7dd1\u5730\u304c\u65b0\u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\u3068\u306a\u308a\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3092\u80b2\u3080\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u5bfe\u7acb\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\uff08113\u5b57\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) \u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u306a\u90fd\u5e02\u62e1\u6563\u306b\u3088\u308b\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7834\u58ca\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u7dd1\u5730\u3084\u5782\u76f4\u5ead\u5712\u7b49\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u90fd\u5e02\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u3068\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u306e\u5171\u751f\u3068\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u4fdd\u5168\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\uff0888\u5b57\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: (1) \u3067\u306f\u300c\u5171\u901a\u4e3b\u984c\uff08\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u5f71\u97ff\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 A \u306e\u7acb\u5834\uff08\u7834\u58ca\u3068\u6210\u9577\u5236\u9650\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8 B \u306e\u7acb\u5834\uff08\u65b0\u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\u3068\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u6700\u9069\u5316\uff09\u300d\u306e 3 \u8981\u7d20\u304c\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u76db\u308a\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002(2) \u3067\u306f A \u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\uff08\u7834\u58ca\u306e\u6291\u5236\uff09\u3068 B \u306e\u63d0\u6848\uff08\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u6700\u9069\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30cb\u30c3\u30c1\u6d3b\u7528\uff09\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u306a\u304f\u878d\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3001\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u8abf\u548c\u578b\u90fd\u5e02\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5171\u751f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff08\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\uff09\u3078\u3068\u6b62\u63da\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: (1) \u3067\u5171\u901a\u4e3b\u984c\u3092\u629c\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u8981\u7d04\u3092\u5358\u306b\u4e26\u5217\u3057\u305f\u3060\u3051\u306e\u7b54\u6848\u3002(2) \u3067\u300c\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u540c\u6642\u306b\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u3092\u63a8\u9032\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3060\u300d\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3092\u89e3\u6d88\u305b\u305a\u306b\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4e26\u5217\u3057\u305f\u4e2d\u9014\u534a\u7aef\u306a\u6298\u8877\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u7570\u7a2e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u7167\u5408\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u53cc\u65b9\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u6b62\u63da\u30fb\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u308b\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u5168\u822c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66 2022 \u5e74 \u7b2c 1 \u554f B\uff08\u8907\u6570\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u8981\u7d04\u30fb\u6bd4\u8f03\uff09\u3001\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8 \u82f1\u8a9e\u30ea\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\uff08\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u7167\u5408\u554f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b66\u7fd2\u8a55\u4fa1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\u69cb\u6210<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u914d\u70b9<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u5927\u554f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u767a\u5c55\u4e0a\u4f4d<\/td><td>50\u70b9<\/td><td>\u7b2c\uff12\u554f\u3001\u7b2c\uff13\u554f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u96e3\u95a2\u6975\u81f4<\/td><td>50\u70b9<\/td><td>\u7b2c\uff11\u554f\u3001\u7b2c\uff14\u554f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u6d3b\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u5f97\u70b9<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u5224\u5b9a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u63a8\u5968\u30a2\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>85\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/td><td>A<\/td><td>\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u6f14\u7b97\u4f53\u7cfb\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5b8c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u81ea\u4fe1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u5fd7\u671b\u6821\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u6f14\u7fd2\uff08P6\uff09\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>70\u70b9\u301c84\u70b9<\/td><td>B<\/td><td>\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u8aad\u89e3\u529b\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8377\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u6392\u9664\u3084\u5012\u7f6e\u6587\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u5fae\u5c0f\u306a\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6f0f\u308c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u539f\u7406\u5c64\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8003\u7a76\u5c64\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u624b\u9806\u3092\u518d\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>55\u70b9\u301c69\u70b9<\/td><td>C<\/td><td>\u60c5\u5831\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3084\u8907\u6570\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u8996\u5ea7\u5c64\u30fb\u539f\u7406\u5c64\u306eGiven-New\u539f\u5247\u3078\u7acb\u3061\u8fd4\u308a\u5fa9\u7fd2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>55\u70b9\u672a\u6e80<\/td><td>D<\/td><td>\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u8868\u5c64\u8a9e\u5f59\u306b\u610f\u8b58\u304c\u56da\u308f\u308c\u3001\u6587\u982d\u306e\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306e\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u7126\u70b9\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u50be\u659c\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u7de8\uff08\u8996\u5ea7\u30fb\u539f\u7406\uff09\u3092\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u7cbe\u8aad\u3057\u76f4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Web 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