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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8996\u5ea7:\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u8996\u5ea7\u306e\u78ba\u7acb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u9577\u6587\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3084\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306b\u5931\u6557\u3059\u308b\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306b\u6c17\u3092\u53d6\u3089\u308c\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3044\u3064\u3064\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u5168\u79f0\u3068\u7279\u79f0\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u5de7\u5999\u306b\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u300c\u507d\u300d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u5358\u306a\u308b\u82f1\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aad\u3080\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u300c\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\u3068\u7167\u3089\u3057\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u7b97\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u6253\u3061\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u547d\u984c\u3068\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306e\u57fa\u790e]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u547d\u984c\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u771f\uff08True\uff09\u304b\u507d\uff08False\uff09\u304b\u304c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u6587\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306e\u5404\u547d\u984c\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u8a5e\uff08Subject\uff09\u3001\u8ff0\u8f9e\uff08Predicate\uff09\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08Quantifier\uff09\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\uff08Modality\uff09\u306a\u3069\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u304b\u3089\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3061\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u771f\u507d\u5024\u304c\u5b9a\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M21-\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8aad\u89e3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u540c\u5024\u3068\u542b\u610f]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u304b\u3089\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u305b\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u300c$A$&nbsp;\u306f&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u3092\u542b\u610f\u3059\u308b\uff08$A \\Rightarrow B$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5c0e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u542b\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e21\u8005\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u540c\u5024\uff08$A \\Leftrightarrow B$\uff09\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M23-\u63a8\u8ad6\u3068\u542b\u610f\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M21-\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8aad\u89e3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u82f1\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u500b\u3005\u306e\u6587\u304c\u6301\u3064\u547d\u984c\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u790e\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M23-\u63a8\u8ad6\u3068\u542b\u610f\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u524d\u63d0\u3084\u542b\u610f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308b\u601d\u8003\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u547d\u984c\u306e\u540c\u7fa9\u6027\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u8996\u5ea7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u541f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u521d\u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3059\u3079\u304d\u306f\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\uff08Logical Equivalence\uff09\u300d\u3092\u4fdd\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\uff09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u547d\u984c\u304c\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u610f\u5473\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u4e21\u8005\u306f\u7b49\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308a\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u9006\u306b\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u306f\u5931\u308f\u308c\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u540c\u7fa9\u6027\u3068\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u691c\u8a3c\u8996\u5ea7\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u8868\u5c64\u7684\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3068\u547d\u984c\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u6027\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u533a\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u541f\u5473\u306f\u300c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u540c\u3058\u610f\u5473\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u3076\u4f5c\u696d\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u904e\u5270\u306b\u7591\u3044\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6d41\u7528\u3057\u305f\u5de7\u5999\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u80a2\u306b\u98db\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5931\u6557\u3092\u62db\u304f\u3002\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u306f\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u3068\u7121\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u547d\u984c\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u540c\u7fa9\u6027\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u304b\u3089\u4e3b\u8f9e\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\uff09\u3068\u8ff0\u8f9e\uff08\u8ff0\u8a9e\u30fb\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4ee3\u66ff\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u3068\u5305\u6442\u95a2\u4fc2\u307e\u305f\u306f\u540c\u7b49\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u793a\u3059\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u76f8\u4e92\u306b\u542b\u610f\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08$A \\Rightarrow B$\uff09\u3092\u6210\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305a\u306b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The sudden surge in carbon emissions accelerated global warming.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;An abrupt increase in greenhouse gas output speeded up climate change.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;sudden surge&#8221;, &#8220;carbon emissions&#8221;, &#8220;accelerated&#8221; \u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c &#8220;abrupt increase&#8221;, &#8220;greenhouse gas output&#8221;, &#8220;speeded up&#8221; \u3078\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u540c\u7b49\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u3063\u305f\u307e\u307e\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u304c\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Strict regulations prevented the contamination of the water supply.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Rigid rules kept the water supply from being polluted.&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;Strict regulations&#8221; \uff1d &#8220;Rigid rules&#8221;\u3001&#8221;prevented A from B&#8221; \uff1d &#8220;kept A from B&#8221;\u3001&#8221;contamination&#8221; \uff1d &#8220;being polluted&#8221; \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u5909\u63db\u3092\u8de8\u3044\u3067\u3082\u4e3b\u8f9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8f9e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Although the new policy generated economic growth, it exacerbated social inequality.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The new policy generated economic growth by exacerbating social inequality.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304c\u8b72\u6b69\u30fb\u4e26\u5217\uff08Although A, B\uff09\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u624b\u6bb5\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\uff08by doing\uff09\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3078\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u6539\u5909\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u9a19\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8aa4\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Few researchers anticipated that the gene-editing technique would yield such immediate clinical applications.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Most scientists were surprised by how quickly the gene-editing technique produced practical medical uses.&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;Few anticipated&#8221; \uff1d &#8220;Most were surprised&#8221;\u3001&#8221;immediate clinical applications&#8221; \uff1d &#8220;quickly produced practical medical uses&#8221; \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u80af\u5b9a\u30fb\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u542b\u610f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u6392\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u7279\u6709\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u554f\u984c\u306b\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u540c\u5024\u5909\u5f62\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306f\u300c\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u8a33\u8a9e\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u3081\u308b\u4f5c\u696d\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u52d5\u4f5c\u3084\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff08\u9805\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5f79\u5272\uff08\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u3001\u88ab\u8853\u8005\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u9805\u69cb\u9020\uff08Argument Structure\uff09\u300d\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306a\u3057\u306b\u8a33\u8a9e\u306e\u307f\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u9805\u306e\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8aa4\u7b54\u80a2\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u540c\u5024\u5909\u5f62\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u9805\u306e\u6570\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5f79\u5272\uff08$X$&nbsp;\u304c&nbsp;$Y$&nbsp;\u306b\u4f5c\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u4f7f\u5f79\u30fb\u7121\u751f\u7269\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u305f\u9805\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3068\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u3084\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u304c&nbsp;$X \\to Y$&nbsp;\u304b\u3089&nbsp;$Y \\to X$&nbsp;\u3078\u3068\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The economic crisis precipitated a radical overhaul of the banking system.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;A thorough restructuring of the banking system was brought about by the financial collapse.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u7121\u751f\u7269\u4e3b\u8a9e\u69cb\u6587\uff08\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;$X$\uff1d crisis\u3001\u7d50\u679c&nbsp;$Y$&nbsp;\uff1d overhaul\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\uff08\u7d50\u679c&nbsp;$Y$&nbsp;\uff1d restructuring\u3001\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;$X$&nbsp;\uff1d collapse\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u9805\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u3092\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\uff08$X \\to Y$\uff09\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7b49\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Cognitive decline often accompanies advanced age.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Advanced age is frequently attended by a deterioration in mental faculties.&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;A accompanies B&#8221;\uff08A\u306fB\u306b\u4f34\u3046\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057 &#8220;B is attended by A&#8221;\uff08B\u306fA\u3092\u4f34\u3046\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u53d7\u52d5\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u304c\u540c\u6642\u4e26\u884c\u3057\u3066\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9805\u76f8\u4e92\u306e\u5bfe\u7b49\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Her ground-breaking research in quantum physics owes much to her mentor&#8217;s early guidance.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Her mentor&#8217;s early guidance was mainly inspired by her ground-breaking research in quantum physics.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f &#8220;A owes B to C&#8221;\uff08A\u306e\u7406\u7531\u30fb\u6069\u6075\u306fC\u306b\u3042\u308b\uff1aC&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;A\uff09\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u6307\u5c0e\uff08C\uff09\u304c\u7814\u7a76\uff08A\uff09\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f &#8220;C was inspired by A&#8221;\uff08C\u304cA\u304b\u3089\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\uff1aA&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;C\uff09\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u771f\u9006\u306b\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u304c\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u3092\u898b\u7834\u308a\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The insular location of the island nation insulated its culture from external influences.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The country&#8217;s geographical isolation kept foreign cultural elements from penetrating its society.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e &#8220;insular location&#8221; \u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e &#8220;geographical isolation&#8221; \u3078\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e &#8220;insulated A from B&#8221; \u304c &#8220;kept B from penetrating A&#8221; \u3078\u3068\u9805\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3092\u4fdd\u3063\u305f\u307e\u307e\u69cb\u9020\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u540c\u5024\u6027\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u3084\u69cb\u6587\u5909\u63db\u306e\u88cf\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u691c\u8a3c\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u5426\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u7bc4\u56f2\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u771f\u507d\u5024\u53cd\u8ee2\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u4e00\u77ac\u3067\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u308b\u6700\u5927\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306f\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\uff08Not, Never, Hardly \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff08Scope\uff09\u3068\u3001\u7bc4\u56f2\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08All, Some, Only, Few \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u4ed8\u3051\u66ff\u3048\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u306e\u307f\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u547d\u984c\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u62e1\u5927\uff08\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\uff09\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3084\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u547d\u984c\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u30fb\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u76f8\uff08Polarity\uff09\u3092\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7b97\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u304c\u3069\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u307e\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3068\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u53cd\u8ee2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306f\u300c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3059\u4f5c\u696d\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\uff08not \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u3069\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff08Scope\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5168\u4f53\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u308b\u3068\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u771f\u9006\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u3069\u306e\u53e5\u3084\u7bc0\u3092\u7db2\u7f85\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001&#8221;not&#8230; because \u301c&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u2026\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3084 &#8220;not all&#8221;\uff08\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u2026\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u3069\u3053\u306b\u5f53\u3066\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u305d\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u5168\u4f53\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Scientists do not reject the theory simply because it lacks immediate industrial application.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The absence of practical industrial use is not regarded as a sufficient reason for researchers to dismiss the theory.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;not&#8230; simply because \u301c&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u7531\u3060\u3051\u3067\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3059\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u7523\u696d\u7684\u5fdc\u7528\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u306f\u7406\u8ad6\u3092\u68c4\u5374\u3059\u308b\u5341\u5206\u306a\u7406\u7531\u3068\u306f\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;It is not uncommon for migratory birds to alter their routes due to unseasonable weather.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Migratory birds occasionally change their flight paths when encountering abnormal weather conditions.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a &#8220;not uncommon&#8221;\uff08\u73cd\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u3042\u308b\uff09\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;occasionally\/frequently change&#8221; \u3068\u80af\u5b9a\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306b\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Not all participants in the clinical trial experienced side effects from the experimental drug.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;None of the patients involved in the trial suffered from adverse reactions to the medication.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;Not all&#8221; \u306f\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u60a3\u8005\u3082\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u305f\u60a3\u8005\u3082\u3044\u308b\uff09\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092 &#8220;None&#8221;\uff08\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5168\u4f53\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u3078\u3068\u547d\u984c\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u305a\u308c\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The algorithm cannot guarantee absolute security, not because its design is flawed, but because cyber threats continuously evolve.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The vulnerability of the algorithm stems from ongoing evolution of cyber threats rather than structural defects in its design.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;not because A, but because B&#8221;\uff08A\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304fB\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u6b20\u9665\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u8105\u5a01\u306e\u9032\u5316\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u304c\u53ca\u3076\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u8996\u5ea7\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5883\u754c\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u300c\u5426\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u4f55\u304b\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u306f\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u300c\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u300d\u3068\u3001\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3059\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306f\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5168\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u771f\u507d\u5024\u6761\u4ef6\uff08Truth Condition\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u304c\u771f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u304c\u771f\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08all, every, both, always \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\uff08not\uff09\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u304c\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u88dc\u96c6\u5408\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\uff08\u4e00\u90e8\u8a72\u5f53\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u4e0d\u8a72\u5f53\uff09\u300d\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u300c\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u4e0d\u8a72\u5f53\uff09\u300d\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u3053\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6b6a\u3081\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Both options are not feasible under the current budget constraints, though one might be pursued if funding increases.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;At least one of the two choices cannot be implemented with the present financial resources.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;Both&#8230; are not&#8221; \u304c\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u4e21\u65b9\u3068\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u4e00\u65b9\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\uff09\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u300c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u4e00\u65b9\u306f\u5b9f\u65bd\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5883\u754c\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;High correlation does not necessarily imply a direct causal relationship between the two variables.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;A strong correlation between variables provides no proof of an inevitable cause-and-effect link.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;not necessarily&#8221;\uff08\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u301c\u3068\u306f\u9650\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308c\u3070\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u547d\u984c\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The presence of water on the exoplanet does not always signify the existence of extraterrestrial life.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Water on an exoplanet completely rules out the possibility of it being uninhabited.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u300c\u6c34\u306e\u5b58\u5728\uff1d\u751f\u547d\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u300d\u304c\u5e38\u306b\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3064\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff08\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\uff09\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u6c34\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7121\u4e3b\u306e\uff08\u751f\u547d\u304c\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff1d\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u751f\u547d\u304c\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u80af\u5b9a\u3078\u3068\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5883\u754c\u306e\u9038\u8131\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Rarely do historical events repeat themselves in an identical manner.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;It is exceptionally unusual for historical occurrences to recur in precisely the same form.&#8221; \u2192 \u6e96\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e &#8220;Rarely&#8221;\uff08\u3081\u3063\u305f\u306b\u301c\u306a\u3044\uff09\u304c\u793a\u3059\u767a\u751f\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;exceptionally unusual&#8221;\uff08\u6975\u3081\u3066\u7570\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5165\u8a66\u6a19\u6e96\u82f1\u6587\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u304c\u63cf\u304f\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3084\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5426\u5b9a\u3078\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u904b\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u5168\u79f0\u547d\u984c\u3068\u7279\u79f0\u547d\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4f8b\u5916\u306e\u691c\u77e5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u304c\u3001\u5168\u79f0\u547d\u984c\uff08\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306eX\u306fY\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\uff09\u3068\u7279\u79f0\u547d\u984c\uff08\u300c\u3042\u308bX\u306fY\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u300c\u301c\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b\u300d\uff09\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3084\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\uff08\u7279\u79f0\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u307f\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u67c4\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3042\u305f\u304b\u3082\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\uff08\u5168\u79f0\uff09\u306b\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u307e\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u305b\u308b\u624b\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u4f5c\u6210\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5168\u79f0\u8a18\u53f7\uff08$\\forall$\uff09\u3068\u5b58\u5728\u8a18\u53f7\uff08$\\exists$\uff09\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u533a\u5225\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08all\/every\uff09\u306e\u9069\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u4f8b\u5916\u691c\u77e5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306f\u300c\u5927\u4f53\u305d\u3046\u3044\u3046\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08all, every, always, inevitably \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u547d\u984c\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u53cd\u4f8b\uff08\u4f8b\u5916\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u547d\u984c\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6975\u3081\u3066\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304c\u4f8b\u5916\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u7834\u7dbb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u9069\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5168\u79f0\u3092\u793a\u3059\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08all, every, unique, exclusively, invariably \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u305d\u306e\u5168\u79f0\u547d\u984c\u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u6839\u62e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5916\u3092\u4e00\u5207\u8a8d\u3081\u306a\u3044\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u5c11\u3057\u3067\u3082\u4f8b\u5916\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08may, often, in some cases \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u306e\u7455\u75b5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5207\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;While most species in the ecosystem adapted to the temperature shift, certain cold-blooded organisms failed to survive.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The shift in temperature proved fatal to a portion of the cold-blooded species within the ecosystem.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;certain&#8230; failed&#8221;\uff08\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u301c\u304c\u5931\u6557\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;a portion of&#8221;\uff08\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u301c\uff09\u3068\u7279\u79f0\u306e\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Under specific laboratory conditions, the chemical compound exhibits superconductivity at room temperature.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The compound demonstrates superconductivity at room temperature only when particular environmental parameters are met.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;Under specific conditions&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u5236\u9650\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;only when particular parameters are met&#8221; \u3068\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Sociological studies indicate that urban living often increases stress levels among adolescents.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Living in an urban environment\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066 (Every individual) inevitably experiences elevated stress during adolescence.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u304c &#8220;often&#8221;\uff08\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u30fb\u7279\u79f0\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f &#8220;Every individual&#8221;\uff08\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u500b\u4eba\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073 &#8220;inevitably&#8221;\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u306b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Except for a few isolated tribes, virtually the entire population of the region has adopted digital communication tools.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Digital communication technology is utilized by almost all inhabitants of the area, with minor exceptions.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;Except for a few&#8230; virtually the entire&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;almost all&#8230; with minor exceptions&#8221; \u3068\u4f8b\u5916\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u9069\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u308b\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u7279\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08some\/certain\uff09\u3068\u5b58\u5728\u547d\u984c\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u300c\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u301c\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u300c\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7279\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08some, certain, A few, sometimes \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u4e00\u3064\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u547d\u984c\uff09\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3078\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u3092\u8a31\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304c\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u306e\u307f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u6cd5\u5247\u3084\u4e3b\u305f\u308b\u50be\u5411\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8df3\u8e8d\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7279\u79f0\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u304c\u4e00\u90e8\uff08\u7279\u79f0\uff09\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u305d\u306e\u7279\u79f0\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u300c\u301c\u306e\u4e3b\u305f\u308b\u8981\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u30fb\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3078\u3068\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08$X$&nbsp;\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u304b\u3089\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff08$X$&nbsp;\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u98db\u8e8d\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;In some rare instances, patients receiving the placebo displayed a temporary remission of symptoms.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;There are cases, albeit infrequent, where individuals given a placebo showed a transient improvement in their condition.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;In some rare instances&#8221;\uff08\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u7a00\u306a\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3067\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u79f0\u7684\u30fb\u5b58\u5728\u547d\u984c\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;cases, albeit infrequent&#8221;\uff08\u4e0d\u983b\u5ea6\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3068\u547d\u984c\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u5d29\u3055\u305a\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Certain ancient texts suggest that the civilization had rudimentary knowledge of astronomy.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;At least a few historical documents imply that the ancient culture possessed an elementary understanding of celestial bodies.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;Certain ancient texts&#8221;\uff08\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u732e\uff09\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;At least a few historical documents&#8221;\uff08\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u6587\u66f8\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3068\u5b58\u5728\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4fdd\u3063\u3066\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;A small fraction of startup companies manage to achieve profitability within their first year of operation.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Achieving profitability during the initial year is a typical characteristic of newly launched businesses.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f &#8220;A small fraction&#8221;\uff08\u3054\u304f\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306a\u5272\u5408\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u79f0\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092 &#8220;a typical characteristic&#8221;\uff08\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u7279\u5fb4\uff1d\u4e00\u822c\u50be\u5411\uff09\u3078\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u4e0d\u5f53\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7279\u79f0\u304b\u3089\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\u3078\u306e\u98db\u8e8d\u3092\u898b\u7834\u308a\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Scientists have identified a particular protein that occasionally triggers an immune response in mice.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;An immune reaction in mice can sometimes be initiated by a specific protein.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;a particular protein&#8230; decisionally&#8221; \u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;a specific protein&#8230; can sometimes&#8221; \u3068\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3068\u7279\u79f0\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u547d\u984c\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u5408\u4fee\u98fe\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6587\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u7279\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u793a\u3059\u5b58\u5728\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u753b\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u3078\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u7cbe\u5ea6\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u3068\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u306e\u62bd\u51fa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u3001\u304b\u3064\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u304c\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Causality\uff09\u300d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c\u300c$A$&nbsp;\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u7d50\u679c\uff08$A \\to B$\uff09\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u300c$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u304c\u7d50\u679c\uff08$B \\to A$\uff09\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u5358\u306b\u540c\u6642\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u3042\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff08\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\uff1a$A \\leftrightarrow B$\uff09\u300d\u306e\u304b\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3053\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u56e0\u679c\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8aa4\u7b54\u80a2\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u53cd\u8ee2\u306b\u3088\u308b\u507d\u547d\u984c\u306e\u691c\u77e5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u7d44\u307f\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u300c\u4e21\u8005\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u306f\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff09\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5168\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5225\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304c\u300c$A$&nbsp;\u3060\u304b\u3089&nbsp;$B$\uff08$A \\to B$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c$B$&nbsp;\u3060\u304b\u3089&nbsp;$A$\uff08$B \\to A$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u305d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304b\u3089\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff08because, lead to, result from, cause, due to \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4f55\u304c\u539f\u56e0\uff08Cause\uff09\u3067\u4f55\u304c\u7d50\u679c\uff08Effect\uff09\u304b\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u6587\uff08$X$&nbsp;causes&nbsp;$Y$,&nbsp;$Y$&nbsp;stems from&nbsp;$X$&nbsp;\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u3092\u672c\u6587\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u4ea4\u932f\u30fb\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7b97\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The dramatic decline in bee populations has led to a reduction in the crop yields of local farms.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Decreased agricultural output in local farms resulted from the sharp drop in bee numbers.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;$A$\uff1d\u8702\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7d50\u679c&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\uff1d\u53ce\u7a6b\u91cf\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f &#8220;B resulted from A&#8221;\uff08\u7d50\u679c&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u306f\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\uff09\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff08$A \\to B$\uff09\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Prolonged exposure to psychological stress frequently induces sleep disturbances.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Sleep disorders are often brought on by sustained periods of mental strain.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u539f\u56e0 \uff1d stress&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7d50\u679c \uff1d sleep disturbances\uff09\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u53d7\u52d5\u8868\u73fe &#8220;B are brought on by A&#8221;\uff08\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u539f\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u305f\u307e\u307e\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The widespread adoption of remote work technology was accelerated by the global health crisis.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The rapid development of remote work technology gave rise to the global health crisis.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f &#8220;A was accelerated by B&#8221;\uff08\u7d50\u679c&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\uff1d\u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u6280\u8853\u666e\u53ca&nbsp;$\\leftarrow$&nbsp;\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\uff1d\u5065\u5eb7\u5371\u6a5f\uff09\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f &#8220;A gave rise to B&#8221;\uff08\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\uff1d\u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u6280\u8853&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7d50\u679c&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\uff1d\u5065\u5eb7\u5371\u6a5f\uff09\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u771f\u9006\u306b\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u767b\u5834\u7528\u8a9e\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5225\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Deforestation in the upper basin triggered severe soil erosion downstream.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The intense washing away of soil in the lower reaches stemmed from the destruction of forests upstream.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u7684\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u539f\u56e0 \uff1d Deforestation upstream&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7d50\u679c \uff1d erosion downstream\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;B stemmed from A&#8221;\uff08\u7d50\u679c&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u306f\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u305f\uff09\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u77e2\u5370\uff08$A \\to B$\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8996\u899a\u7684\u30fb\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4ed5\u8fbc\u3080\u56e0\u679c\u9006\u8ee2\u306e\u7f60\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u691c\u77e5\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u5358\u306a\u308b\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\uff08\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff09\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u300c$A$&nbsp;\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u5f8c\u306b&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3068\u300c$A$&nbsp;\u306e\u305b\u3044\u3067&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u306e\u8b2c\u5984\uff08Post hoc ergo propter hoc\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8aa4\u8b2c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6642\u9593\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Chronology\uff09\u3084\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5171\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Correlation\uff09\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08Causality\uff09\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304c\u5358\u306b\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u304c\u5358\u306b\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\uff08after, then, followed by \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u4e26\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u9023\u63a5\uff08thereby, consequently \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u301c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u300c\u301c\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u3092\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u4ed8\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u307f\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6587\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Following the publication of his controversial manifesto, the philosopher was expelled from the academy.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The philosopher&#8217;s expulsion from the academic institution occurred subsequent to the release of his provocative text.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u304c\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\uff08Following&#8230;\uff09\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3082 &#8220;occurred subsequent to&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u751f\u3058\u305f\uff09\u3068\u5358\u306a\u308b\u767a\u751f\u9806\u5e8f\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Studies show that countries with high chocolate consumption also tend to have a higher number of Nobel laureates per capita.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;An increase in per capita Nobel laureates is observed alongside elevated levels of national chocolate intake.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u304c\u5171\u5b58\u30fb\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08tend to have&#8230; also\uff09\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3082 &#8220;is observed alongside&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u3068\u4e26\u3093\u3067\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3068\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u5d29\u3055\u305a\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Shortly after the new CEO assumed office, the company&#8217;s stock prices experienced a sharp decline.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The appointment of the new CEO directly caused the steep drop in the firm&#8217;s share values.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u5358\u306b\u6642\u9593\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08shortly after\uff09\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u904e\u304e\u305a\u3001CEO\u5c31\u4efb\u3068\u682a\u4fa1\u4e0b\u843d\u306e\u9593\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306f\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092 &#8220;directly caused&#8221;\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3068\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3078\u3068\u6607\u83ef\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u4ed8\u52a0\u3092\u898b\u629c\u3044\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The implementation of the literacy program coincided with a reduction in local crime rates.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The drop in regional crime figures occurred simultaneously with the introduction of the reading initiative.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u540c\u6642\u767a\u751f\u30fb\u76f8\u95a2\uff08coincided with\uff09\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;occurred simultaneously with&#8221;\uff08\u540c\u6642\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3068\u4e8b\u5b9f\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u5185\u3067\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5165\u8a66\u6a19\u6e96\u82f1\u6587\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u3084\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u98db\u8e8d\u3092\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u4e0b\u3059\u904b\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u30fb\u983b\u5ea6\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u8a87\u5f35\u3068\u6b6a\u66f2\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u63fa\u308b\u304c\u3059\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u3001\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08Degree\uff09\u3084\u983b\u5ea6\uff08Frequency\uff09\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\uff08\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u30fb\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff09\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u30fb\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u6539\u5909\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306b\u300d\u300c\u6642\u3005\u300d\u300c\u301c\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u8457\u3057\u304f\u300d\u300c\u5e38\u306b\u300d\u300c\u301c\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u8868\u73fe\uff08\u8a87\u5f35\uff09\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306f\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u91cf\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u691c\u8a3c\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u6570\u91cf\u30fb\u6bd4\u8f03\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a87\u5f35\u3068\u7e2e\u5c0f\u306e\u9650\u754c\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u6bd4\u8f03\u3084\u6570\u91cf\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u300c\u5897\u3048\u305f\u304b\u6e1b\u3063\u305f\u304b\u300d\u300c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u304b\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u306a\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u6e08\u307e\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u300c\u3069\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5897\u3048\u305f\u306e\u304b\uff08\u5fae\u5897\u304b\u6fc0\u5897\u304b\uff09\u300d\u300c\u3069\u3053\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u5927\u304d\u3044\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u306a\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u304c\u771f\u507d\u306e\u5206\u304b\u308c\u76ee\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8868\u73fe\uff08slight, moderate, substantial \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u507d\u547d\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u30fb\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\uff08substantially, marginally, dramatically, slightly \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\uff08than A, compared to B\uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u4e26\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u306e\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u8a87\u5f35\u3084\u7e2e\u5c0f\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u6570\u5024\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u5272\u5408\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u6df7\u540c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The new manufacturing process resulted in a marginal reduction in production costs.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The implementation of the updated production method led to a slight decrease in operational expenses.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;marginal reduction&#8221;\uff08\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306a\u524a\u6e1b\uff09\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e &#8220;slight decrease&#8221;\uff08\u5fae\u5c0f\u306a\u6e1b\u5c11\uff09\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Sales in the third quarter soared beyond all previous company records.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Third-quarter revenue experienced a dramatic rise, surpassing any former figures achieved by the firm.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;soared beyond all previous records&#8221;\uff08\u8a18\u9332\u3092\u5857\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u6025\u5897\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u3044\u8a87\u5f35\u306e\u306a\u3044\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;experienced a dramatic rise, surpassing&#8230;&#8221; \u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3067\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The patient&#8217;s condition showed a modest improvement after the first round of therapy.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The initial phase of treatment brought about a revolutionary breakthrough in the patient&#8217;s health status.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f &#8220;modest improvement&#8221;\uff08\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306a\u30fb\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306a\u6539\u5584\uff09\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092 &#8220;a revolutionary breakthrough&#8221;\uff08\u753b\u671f\u7684\u306a\u98db\u8e8d\u7684\u5927\u9032\u5c55\uff09\u3078\u3068\u904e\u5ea6\u306b\u8a87\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30dd\u30b8\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306a\u6587\u8108\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Compared to its European competitors, the domestic firm allocates a significantly larger portion of its budget to research.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The local enterprise spends a considerably higher percentage of its financial resources on R&amp;D than its rivals in Europe.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u57fa\u6e96\uff08European competitors\uff09\u3068\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u5f37\u8abf\uff08significantly larger portion\uff09\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08rivals in Europe \/ considerably higher percentage\uff09\u3068\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3055\u308c\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u3084\u6570\u91cf\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a87\u5f35\u30fb\u7e2e\u5c0f\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u307f\u3092\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u6280\u6cd5\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u983b\u5ea6\u30fb\u78ba\u7387\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u5909\u5bb9\u3068\u771f\u507d\u5024<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u300c\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3068\u300c\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u300d\u3068\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u78ba\u4fe1\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\uff08Modality\uff09\u300d\u306f\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff08may, might, can, must, definitely \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3084\u983b\u5ea6\uff08sometimes, usually, always \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\uff08may\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08is\/will\uff09\u3078\u3068\u5909\u5bb9\u3055\u305b\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u507d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u5909\u5bb9\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u526f\u8a5e\uff08may, possibly, likely, presumably, inevitably \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u30fb\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u30925\u6bb5\u968e\uff08\u78ba\u5b9f\u30fb\u9ad8\u78ba\u7387\u30fb\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3042\u308a\u30fb\u4f4e\u78ba\u7387\u30fb\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff09\u3067\u7b97\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u7b97\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3068\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u614b\uff09\u304c\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08\u73fe\u5b9f\u614b\uff09\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Archaeologists suggest that the ancient structure may have served as a celestial observatory.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;It is possible that the ancient building was utilized by early humans to monitor astronomical phenomena.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u63a8\u6e2c\u30fb\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3 &#8220;suggest&#8230; may have served&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;It is possible that&#8230;&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Individuals who consume excessive sugar are inclined to develop metabolic disorders later in life.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;A high intake of sugar increases the likelihood of an individual experiencing metabolic issues in the future.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u50be\u5411\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3 &#8220;are inclined to&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;increases the likelihood of&#8230;&#8221;\uff08\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\uff09\u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u306b\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Preliminary data indicates that the new vaccine might offer some protection against the mutant strain.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The new vaccine effectively immunizes individuals against the mutant strain of the virus.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f &#8220;preliminary data&#8221;\uff08\u4e88\u5099\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073 &#8220;might offer some protection&#8221;\uff08\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f4e\u3044\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u30fb\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f &#8220;effectively immunizes&#8221;\uff08\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u514d\u75ab\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\uff09\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u9ad8\u3081\u3092\u898b\u629c\u3044\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Under extreme thermal stress, the synthetic material is liable to deform.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The artificial substance has a tendency to lose its shape when subjected to intense heat.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u50be\u5411\u30fb\u5371\u967a\u6027\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3 &#8220;is liable to deform&#8221;\uff08\u5909\u5f62\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\uff09\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;has a tendency to lose its shape&#8221;\uff08\u5f62\u3092\u5931\u3046\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2-3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u8ad6\u8a3c\u6587\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304b\u3089\u78ba\u5b9a\u3078\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u8df3\u8e8d\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16. \u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u8a18\u8f09\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\uff08\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\uff09\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u541f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u6700\u3082\u9665\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u843d\u3068\u3057\u7a74\u304c\u3001\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u305d\u3046\u306a\uff08\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u5e38\u8b58\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\uff09\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300d\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\u304b\u3089\u771f\u507d\u304c\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u547d\u984c\u306f\u3001\u771f\uff08True\uff09\u3067\u3082\u507d\uff08False\uff09\u3067\u3082\u306a\u304f\u300c\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\uff08Not Mentioned \/ Undetermined\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u306a\u547d\u984c\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u300c\u507d\uff08\u6b63\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff11. \u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u8a00\u53ca\u306a\u3057\u300d\u3068\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u507d\u300d\u306e\u5883\u754c\u5224\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff08Compatible\uff09\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\uff08Entailed\uff09\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5168\u304f\u5225\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306f\u3001\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u771f\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9577\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u300c\u6839\u62e0\u306a\u304d\u507d\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u53b3\u683c\u3055\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u300c\u8a00\u53ca\u306a\u3057\uff08\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8a9e\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\uff09\u3092\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u3001\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u63a8\u8ad6\uff08\u542b\u610f\uff09\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u63a8\u8ad6\u306b\u672c\u6587\u5916\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u8a00\u53ca\u306a\u3057\uff1d\u4e0d\u9069\uff08\u507d\uff09\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The museum acquired three rare Renaissance paintings during the auction in London.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The London auction provided the museum with the opportunity to purchase a trio of scarce Renaissance artworks.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08acquired three rare&#8230; at auction\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\uff08auction provided opportunity to purchase a trio of scarce&#8230;\uff09\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u542b\u610f\u30fb\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Although the author spent years in Paris, her novels are predominantly set in her rural English birthplace.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Despite residing in the French capital for an extended period, the writer chose her native English countryside as the primary backdrop for her fiction.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08Paris, rural English birthplace, novels predominantly set\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The government announced a new subsidy for electric vehicle buyers to reduce urban air pollution.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The government plans to completely phase out gasoline-powered cars by the year 2040.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u96fb\u6c17\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u3078\u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u5c0e\u5165\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9fA\uff09\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30ac\u30bd\u30ea\u30f3\u8eca\u306e\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u306a\u5b8c\u5168\u5ec3\u6b62\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9fB\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5e38\u8b58\u3084\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u74b0\u5883\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u59a5\u5f53\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u88dc\u5b8c\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5c0e\u51fa\u4e0d\u80fd\uff08\u8a00\u8a00\u53ca\u306a\u3057\uff09\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The ancient treaty brought a temporary halt to the border disputes between the two neighboring kingdoms.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The territorial friction between the adjacent realms was briefly suspended following the agreement.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08ancient treaty&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;agreement, border disputes&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;territorial friction, temporary halt&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;briefly suspended\uff09\u304b\u3089\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u542b\u610f\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\uff1d\u6392\u9664\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff12. \u4e00\u822c\u5e38\u8b58\u30fb\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6\u306e\u906e\u65ad<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u8aad\u89e3\u3068\u306f\u300c\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7167\u3089\u3057\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5165\u8a66\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u6301\u3061\u8fbc\u3080\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u5e38\u8b58\u300d\u3084\u300c\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4ed5\u8fbc\u3080\u6700\u3082\u5371\u967a\u306a\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\uff08\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300c\u3060\u3051\u300d\u3092\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5168\u5b87\u5b99\uff08Universe of Discourse\uff09\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u306a\u3044\u51b7\u5fb9\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6\u3092\u906e\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u969b\u306b\u300c\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u305d\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3060\u300d\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u305d\u3046\u3060\u300d\u3068\u611f\u3058\u305f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u76f4\u611f\uff08\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u4f5c\u52d5\uff09\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u306b\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u300c\u76f4\u611f\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u6587\u8a00\u304c\u672c\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4f55\u884c\u76ee\u306e\u3069\u306e\u6587\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u6307\u5dee\u3057\u78ba\u8a8d\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u6839\u62e0\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u305b\u305a\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3068\u5224\u660e\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;In the deep sea, where sunlight cannot penetrate, organisms rely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis for energy.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Deep-sea life forms utilize chemical reactions instead of light-driven processes to generate organic matter.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08deep sea \/ no sunlight&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;chemosynthesis not photosynthesis\uff09\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\uff08chemical reactions instead of light-driven processes\uff09\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The tropical rainforest absorbs vast quantities of carbon dioxide, acting as a crucial carbon sink for the planet.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Tropical rainforests play a vital role in sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u60c5\u5831\uff08absorbs vast quantities&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;sequestering\uff09\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u540c\u5024\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u4e0b\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The company introduced a flexible working hour system to improve employee satisfaction.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The introduction of flexible working hours led to a significant increase in the company&#8217;s annual net profit.&#8221; \u2192 \u300c\u5f93\u696d\u54e1\u306e\u6e80\u8db3\u5ea6\u304c\u4e0a\u304c\u308c\u3070\u3001\u751f\u7523\u6027\u304c\u4e0a\u304c\u308a\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u5229\u76ca\u3082\u5897\u3048\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u30fb\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u3042\u308a\u305d\u3046\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6\uff08\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u88dc\u5b8c\uff09\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f\u5229\u76ca\uff08profit\uff09\u3078\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u306a\u3044\u3002\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u5e38\u8b58\u3092\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u8a18\u8f09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The study revealed that sleep deprivation negatively impacts short-term memory retention in young adults.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;A lack of adequate sleep adversely affects the ability of young individuals to hold information briefly.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08sleep deprivation&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;lack of sleep, short-term memory retention&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;hold information briefly\uff09\u306e\u307f\u306b\u4f9d\u62e0\u3057\u3066\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u304c\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5916\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u308b\u5148\u5165\u89b3\u3084\u52dd\u624b\u306a\u9023\u60f3\u3092\u30b7\u30e3\u30c3\u30c8\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9589\u3058\u305f\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3055\u305b\u308b\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5b8c\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17. \u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u524d\u4ef6\u3068\u5f8c\u4ef6\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u300c\u3082\u3057\u301c\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u2026\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c\uff08Conditional Statement:&nbsp;$P \\to Q$\uff09\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u524d\u4ef6\uff08\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a$P$\uff09\u3068\u5f8c\u4ef6\uff08\u7d50\u679c\u30fb\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a$Q$\uff09\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6761\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u304c\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u307f\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u5f8c\u4ef6&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u3092\u3001\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6761\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u3068\u7d50\u679c&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u9006\u306e\u771f\u507d\u306e\u8aa4\u7528\uff09\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u53ca\u3076\u7bc4\u56f2\u3068\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5207\u308a\u5206\u3051\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff11. \u4eee\u5b9a\u30fb\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\uff08if\/provided\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u547d\u984c\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u7bc4\u56f2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306f\u300c\u301c\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306e\u8a71\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5927\u307e\u304b\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u524d\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u306f\u5f8c\u4ef6&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\uff08\u9650\u5b9a\u9818\u57df\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5b9a\u3081\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001$P$&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9818\u57df\u306e\u5916\u5074\u3067\u306f&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306f\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\uff08if, provided that, as long as \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u7e1b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u547d\u984c\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u507d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304b\u3089\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u6a19\u8b58\uff08if, unless, provided, on condition that \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u4f55\u304c\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u3067\u4f55\u304c\u7d50\u8ad6&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u304b\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\uff08$P \\to Q$\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u304c\u6761\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u4e0b\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u307e\u307e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u6761\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u8ad6&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u3092\u65ad\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Provided that the temperature remains below freezing, the ice sculpture will maintain its structural integrity for weeks.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The ice sculpture is capable of preserving its form over an extended period, on the condition that sub-zero temperatures persist.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u524d\u63d0&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\uff1d\u6c37\u70b9\u4e0b\u306e\u7dad\u6301&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7d50\u8ad6&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\uff1d\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u4fdd\u5b58\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3082 &#8220;on the condition that&#8230;&#8221; \u3068\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4ed8\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;A full refund is guaranteed only if the product is returned within thirty days in its original packaging.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Customers can receive a complete reimbursement for the item exclusively when it is brought back in its initial container within a 30-day window.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u6761\u4ef6 &#8220;only if P, Q&#8221; \u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Q&#8230; exclusively when P&#8221; \u3068\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;If the novel gene therapy receives regulatory approval, it could offer a cure for the rare genetic disorder.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The novel gene therapy provides a definitive cure for the rare genetic disorder.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u300c\u898f\u5236\u5f53\u5c40\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\uff08$P$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306e\u307f\u300c\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u5f97\u308b\uff08$Q$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u30fb\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3001\u300c\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u9b45\u529b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u8131\u843d\u3092\u898b\u7834\u308a\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Unless the union and management reach a compromise by midnight, the workers will initiate a strike.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;A worker strike will be launched in the event that the labor union and executives fail to achieve an agreement prior to midnight.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6 &#8220;Unless P, Q&#8221;\uff08P\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070Q\uff09\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;if fail P, Q&#8221;\uff08P\u306b\u5931\u6557\u3059\u308c\u3070Q\uff09\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u7dda\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3057\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u8131\u843d\u3084\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u5316\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u691c\u8a3c\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff12. \u9006\u30fb\u88cf\u30fb\u5bfe\u5076\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u540c\u5024\u6027\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$P \\to Q$&nbsp;\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u300c\u9006\uff08$Q \\to P$\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u88cf\uff08$\\neg P \\to \\neg Q$\uff09\u300d\u306f\u3001\u5143\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u300c\u771f\u300d\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff08\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u540c\u5024\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u3001\u5143\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5e38\u306b\u540c\u3058\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u6301\u3064\u306e\u306f\u300c\u5bfe\u5076\uff08$\\neg Q \\to \\neg P$\uff09\u300d\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$P \\to Q$&nbsp;\u304b\u3089\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3084\u300c\u88cf\u300d\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u3092\u63fa\u3055\u3076\u308b\u3002\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u540c\u5024\u5909\u5f62\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5bfe\u5076\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u5909\u5f62\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u984c\u3092&nbsp;$P \\to Q$&nbsp;\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c&nbsp;$Q \\to P$\uff08\u9006\uff1a\u7d50\u8ad6\u304b\u3089\u524d\u63d0\u3078\u306e\u9006\u6d41\uff09\u3084&nbsp;$\\neg P \\to \\neg Q$\uff08\u88cf\uff1a\u524d\u63d0\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u304b\u3089\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u5bfe\u5076&nbsp;$\\neg Q \\to \\neg P$&nbsp;\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u307f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;All students who pass the advanced mathematics exam are eligible for the scholarship.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;An applicant who is ineligible for the scholarship has certainly not passed the advanced mathematics exam.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u300c\u5408\u683c\u8005\uff08$P$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u53d7\u7d66\u8cc7\u683c\u3042\u308a\uff08$Q$\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u53d7\u7d66\u8cc7\u683c\u306a\u3057\uff08$\\neg Q$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u8005\uff08$\\neg P$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u5bfe\u5076\u300d\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u4e0a\u3001\u5bfe\u5076\u306f\u5143\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u5024\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Whenever a country experiences hyperinflation, its national currency loses its purchasing power rapidly.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;If a nation&#8217;s currency does not suffer a swift decline in buying power, the country is not undergoing hyperinflation.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u300c\u30cf\u30a4\u30d1\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\uff08$P$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u901a\u8ca8\u4fa1\u5024\u4e0b\u843d\uff08$Q$\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u901a\u8ca8\u4fa1\u5024\u4e0b\u843d\u306a\u3057\uff08$\\neg Q$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u30cf\u30a4\u30d1\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff08$\\neg P$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u5076\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;If a species loses its natural habitat, it faces an elevated risk of extinction.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;If a species does not lose its natural habitat, it will not face any risk of extinction.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u300c\u751f\u606f\u5730\u55aa\u5931\uff08$P$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u7d76\u6ec5\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\uff08$Q$\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u751f\u606f\u5730\u3092\u5931\u308f\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\uff08$\\neg P$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u7d76\u6ec5\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff08$\\neg Q$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u88cf\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u751f\u606f\u5730\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3067\u7d76\u6ec5\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u305d\u3046\u306a\u8aa4\u5224\u5225\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u88cf\u300d\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Failure to submit the tax declaration on time results in a financial penalty.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;An individual who was not subjected to a financial penalty must have submitted the tax declaration on time.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u300c\u671f\u9650\u9045\u308c\uff08$P$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u7f70\u91d1\uff08$Q$\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u7f70\u91d1\u306a\u3057\uff08$\\neg Q$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u671f\u9650\u5185\u63d0\u51fa\uff08$\\neg P$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u5bfe\u5076\u8ad6\u7406\u3092\u6210\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u984c\u306e\u300c\u5bfe\u5076\u300d\u306e\u307f\u304c\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u7d99\u627f\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6cd5\u5247\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3057\u3001\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3084\u300c\u88cf\u300d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304f\u601d\u8003\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18. \u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u7167\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u541f\u5473\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u6587\u3084\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u3068\u306e\u7167\u5408\u3060\u3051\u3067\u5b8c\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3068\u306f\u9650\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7279\u306b\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300c\u6982\u5ff5A\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3001\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300c\u6982\u5ff5B\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u300c\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\uff08\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\uff09\u300d\u304c\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u6982\u5ff5A\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u6982\u5ff5B\u306b\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6982\u5ff5B\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6982\u5ff5A\u306b\u6df7\u540c\u3055\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3057\u3066\u6b6a\u3093\u3060\u547d\u984c\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u4ea4\u5dee\u70b9\uff08\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff11. \u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u547d\u984c\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u9577\u6587\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u969b\u3001\u524d\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6df7\u3056\u308a\u5408\u3044\u300c\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5370\u8c61\u300d\u3078\u3068\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u3092\u8ef8\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6982\u5ff5A\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5c5e\u6027a\uff09\u3068\u6982\u5ff5B\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5c5e\u6027b\uff09\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u306f\u3001\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u8aad\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u3092\u8de8\u3044\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u8ef8\u3092\u6574\u7136\u3068\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\uff08\u6df7\u540c\uff09\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8cab\u304f\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u4e3b\u8ef8\uff08\u6982\u5ff5A vs \u6982\u5ff5B\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5c5e\u6027\u3084\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u30e1\u30e2\u307e\u305f\u306f\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u6982\u5ff5A\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u6982\u5ff5B\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u6982\u5ff5A\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0b\u6982\u5ff5B\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4ea4\u5dee\uff08\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\uff09\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u3092\u5408\u7406\u7684\u306a\u601d\u8003\u529b\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u3002\uff08\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u611f\u60c5\u3084\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u306b\u5de6\u53f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Behavioral economics posits that human decision-making is influenced by emotional factors and cognitive biases, in contrast to classical economic theory.&#8221; \u2192 \u6982\u5ff5B\uff08\u884c\u52d5\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\uff09\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u611f\u60c5\u30fb\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\uff09\u304c\u3001\u6982\u5ff5A\uff08\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\uff09\u3068\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u5b9a\u5f62\u578b\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306f\u6c7a\u307e\u3063\u305f\u4e09\u6b21\u5143\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5206\u5b50\u3068\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\uff08\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u4e0d\u5b9a\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306f\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u305f\u305a\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u67d4\u8edf\u306b\u305d\u306e\u5f62\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Unlike intrinsically disordered proteins which adapt their shape according to the environment, structured proteins maintain a fixed three-dimensional conformation.&#8221; \u2192 \u6982\u5ff5A\uff08\u5b9a\u5f62\u578b\uff09\u3068\u6982\u5ff5B\uff08\u69cb\u9020\u4e0d\u5b9a\u578b\uff09\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u3001&#8221;Unlike&#8230;&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4ea4\u53c9\u305b\u305a\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u524d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u306e\u8077\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6280\u8853\u306f\u53e3\u4f1d\u3068\u5f92\u5f1f\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u4f1d\u627f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\uff08\u7b2c5\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u8fd1\u4ee3\u306e\u5de5\u5834\u5236\u6a5f\u68b0\u5de5\u696d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4f5c\u696d\u5de5\u7a0b\u304c\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5f62\u5f0f\u77e5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Pre-modern artisan societies relied heavily on standardized manuals and formal instructions to pass down technical skills to apprentices.&#8221; \u2192 \u524d\u8fd1\u4ee3\uff08\u6982\u5ff5A\uff09\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u8fd1\u4ee3\uff08\u6982\u5ff5B\uff09\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u300d\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a18\u61b6\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u9593\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u5b9a\u4f4f\u8fb2\u8015\u793e\u4f1a\u306f\u84c4\u7a4d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u98df\u6599\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5206\u5316\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff08\u7b2c6\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306b\u3001\u72e9\u731f\u63a1\u96c6\u793e\u4f1a\u306f\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3001\u5e73\u540c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u96c6\u56e3\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u305f\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Hunters-gatherer groups maintained an egalitarian social structure, whereas agricultural societies developed social stratification.&#8221; \u2192 \u6982\u5ff5A\uff08\u8fb2\u8015\uff09\u3068\u6982\u5ff5B\uff08\u72e9\u731f\u63a1\u96c6\uff09\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u3001&#8221;whereas&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\uff09\u3092\u8de8\u3044\u3067\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u7167\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u5206\u6563\u3057\u305f\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\u30fb\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u7834\u7834\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff12. \u5c40\u6240\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5168\u4f53\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9577\u6587\u554f\u984c\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u3042\u308b1\u6587\uff08\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u547d\u984c\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u771f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u547d\u984c\uff09\u3084\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3068\u7167\u3089\u3057\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3068\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5358\u306b\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u540c\u3058\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u968e\u5c64\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u69cb\u9020\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\uff08\u4e3b\u8ad6\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u306a\u4f8b\u793a\u30fb\u8b72\u6b69\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff09\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u3082\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u3069\u306e\u968e\u5c64\uff08\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u304b\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0\u304b\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304b\uff09\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8981\u65e8\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u968e\u5c64\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\uff1d\u507d\uff08\u4e0d\u9069\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u306fAI\u306e\u502b\u7406\u7684\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d\u3067\uff09\u78ba\u304b\u306bAI\u306f\u533b\u7642\u8a3a\u65ad\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u3092\u98db\u8e8d\u7684\u306b\u9ad8\u3081\u305f\u3002\uff08\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6027\u304c\u2026\uff09\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u3082\u306e\uff09 &#8220;Artificial intelligence carries significant ethical risks due to the opacity of its decision-making processes.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u968e\u5c64\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u502b\u7406\u7684\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3068\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6027\u300d\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3064\u3064\u3001\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\uff09\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5916\u6765\u7a2e\u304c\u5728\u6765\u7a2e\u3092\u99c6\u9010\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3082\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e3b\u65e8\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\uff09 &#8220;Preserving urban biodiversity requires comprehensive strategies, despite the challenges posed by invasive species.&#8221; \u2192 \u8b72\u6b69\u30fb\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08\u5916\u6765\u7a2e\u306e\u554f\u984c\uff09\u3092\u8e0f\u307e\u3048\u3064\u3064\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u4fdd\u5168\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u300d\u3092\u4e0a\u4f4d\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6697\u8a18\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u304b\u3089\u63a2\u7a76\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u3078\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u5f37\u304f\u8a34\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u306e\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\uff09\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u6697\u8a18\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u3001\u5927\u91cf\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306b\u4f1d\u9054\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u6210\u679c\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u306f\u4f55\u304b\uff09 &#8220;Traditional rote-learning education is highly effective for delivering foundational knowledge efficiently.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8a00\uff08\u8b72\u6b69\u30fb\u524d\u63d0\uff09\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u300c\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u63a2\u7a76\u578b\u3078\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\uff09\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8ad6\u6575\u3078\u306e\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u914d\u616e\uff08\u4e0b\u4f4d\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u8aa4\u5224\u5225\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\uff08\u4e0d\u9069\uff09\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u6027\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3064\u3064\uff09\u592a\u967d\u5149\u767a\u96fb\u306f\u5929\u5019\u306b\u3088\u308b\u51fa\u529b\u5909\u52d5\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b20\u70b9\u3092\u62b1\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u8ad6\u65e8\uff09 &#8220;While renewable energy transition is essential, technical hurdles like output fluctuation in solar power must be overcome.&#8221; \u2192 \u5c40\u6240\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\uff08\u51fa\u529b\u5909\u52d5\uff09\u3092\u4e0b\u4f4d\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3001\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u79fb\u884c\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u6027\uff09\u3092\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6574\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u300d\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u547d\u984c\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u3092\u898b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u691c\u8a3c\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5b8c\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19. \u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u8a55\u4fa1\uff08\u4e3b\u89b3\uff09\u3068\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5206\u96e2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8996\u5ea7\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u300c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08Fact\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u3084\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306e\u300c\u4fa1\u5024\u8a55\u4fa1\u30fb\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff08Value Judgment\/Opinion\uff09\u300d\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3067\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u67c4\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6279\u5224\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u306b\u5909\u5bb9\u3055\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3001\u9006\u306b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u63a8\u6e2c\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u547d\u984c\u306e\u300c\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\uff08\u8ab0\u306e\u30fb\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u304b\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff11. \u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u8a55\u4fa1\uff08\u4e3b\u89b3\uff09\u3068\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5206\u96e2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u969b\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u610f\u898b\u306f\u5730\u7d9a\u304d\u306e\u300c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6df7\u540c\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c$X$&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\uff08Fact\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u300c$X$&nbsp;\u306f\u597d\u307e\u3057\u3044\/\u671b\u307e\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\uff08Value\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6b21\u5143\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304c\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u7559\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u5224\u65ad\u304c\u52a0\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6587\u8a00\u304b\u3089\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08desirable, regrettable, should, ought to, claim \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u8a55\u4fa1\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u63d0\u793a\uff08Is\uff09\u304b\u3089\u4fa1\u5024\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff08Ought\uff09\u3078\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u98db\u8e8d\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The company implemented an automated system, which reduced the workforce by twenty percent.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The introduction of the automated system led to a one-fifth reduction in the number of employees.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff0820%\u306e\u8981\u54e1\u524a\u6e1b\uff09\u306e\u307f\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;one-fifth reduction&#8221; \u3068\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u5185\u3067\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u4fa1\u5024\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u4ea4\u3048\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The author notes that the new urban policy resulted in the displacement of low-income residents, a consequence she describes as deeply troubling.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The writer views the relocation of low-income citizens caused by the new urban policy as a highly problematic outcome.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08displacement\uff09\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u8a55\u4fa1\u8868\u73fe\uff08deeply troubling\uff09\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08problematic outcome\uff09\u306b\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u518d\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Data shows that the consumption of processed foods has increased by thirty percent over the last decade.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The author deplores the regrettable trend of rising processed food consumption over the past ten years.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u5358\u306b\u52a0\u5de5\u98df\u54c1\u306e\u6d88\u8cbb\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08Data shows&#8230;\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3053\u306e\u5606\u304b\u308f\u3057\u3044\u50be\u5411\u3092\u975e\u96e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\uff08deplores, regrettable\uff09\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u4ed8\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5171\u611f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The report demonstrates that carbon capture technology currently requires substantial financial investment.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;According to the report, implementing carbon capture techniques presently demands significant monetary expenditure.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08requires substantial investment\uff09\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;demands significant monetary expenditure&#8221; \u3068\u4e8b\u5b9f\u547d\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5ba2\u89b3\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u3063\u305f\u307e\u307e\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u8a55\u4fa1\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u51b7\u5fb9\u306b\u898b\u6975\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u304c\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u507d\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff12. \u5f15\u7528\u30fb\u8aac\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8ad6\u6587\u3084\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u6279\u5224\u5bfe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u8ad6\u6575\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u4e16\u8ad6\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306e\u898b\u89e3\uff08\u5f15\u7528\u30fb\u8aac\uff09\u300d\u304c\u591a\u6570\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u8aacA\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u8ab0\u304b\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u8005\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u306e\u300c\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\uff08Attribution\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306e\u8aac\u3092\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u3092\u60d1\u308f\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u8aac\u3084\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u969b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u767a\u8a71\u30fb\u601d\u8003\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08According to X, Critics argue that, Proponents claim&#8230; \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u8a18\u53f7\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u305d\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306e\u8aac\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u540c\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff08\u80af\u5b9a\uff09\u3001\u53cd\u8ad6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff08\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u3001\u5358\u306b\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff08\u4e2d\u7acb\uff09\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Skeptics argue that renewable energy cannot fully replace fossil fuels, but recent technological advances suggest otherwise.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The author believes that technological progress may enable renewable energy to substitute for fossil fuels, contrary to the doubts of skeptics.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u3057\u304b\u3057\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u9032\u6b69\u306b\u3088\u308a\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u793a\u5506\uff09\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u53cd\u8ad6\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Traditional historians maintained that the war was caused solely by economic rivalry, a view that contemporary research has largely discredited.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Recent historical scholarship rejects the notion that economic competition was the exclusive cause of the war.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u6b74\u53f2\u5bb6\u306e\u53e4\u3044\u8aac&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u53e4\u3044\u8aac\u3092\u9000\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3068\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Critics of the educational reform claim that it overemphasizes standardized testing at the expense of creativity.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The author of the passage strongly asserts that the educational reform destroys student creativity through standardized testing.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u300c\u6279\u5224\u8005\u305f\u3061\uff08Critics\uff09\u304c\u301c\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u8aac\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u30fb\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\uff08The author\uff09\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u65ad\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3092\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6587\u8a00\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u898b\u629c\u3044\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Early astronomers posited that the sun revolved around the earth, an idea that was later overturned by the Copernican revolution.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The geocentric model once held by early astronomers was subsequently disproved by Copernican theory.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u8aac\u306e\u63d0\u793a\uff08\u521d\u671f\u306e\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u8aac&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u30b3\u30da\u30eb\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u9769\u547d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8986\u308a\uff09\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;model once held by early astronomers was disproved&#8230;&#8221; \u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6574\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u8aac\u3084\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u300c\u8ab0\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3092\u507d\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u7406:\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u898f\u5247\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u7455\u75b5\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u691c\u77e5\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u51fa\u984c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u591a\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7fa4\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u6b63\u7b54\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u898f\u5247\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\u304b\u3089\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3092\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u3092\u6253\u3061\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u306f\u3001\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\uff08Premise\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u5e30\u7d50\u547d\u984c\uff08Conclusion\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6349\u3048\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u9593\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u542b\u610f\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u540c\u5024\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u6f14\u7b97\u898f\u5247\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u5de7\u5999\u306b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6b20\u9665\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u6f14\u7b97\u898f\u5247\u3068\u771f\u507d\u5024\u7b97\u5b9a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u63d0\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u304c\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5c0e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u3082\u307e\u305f\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff08$P \\Rightarrow Q$\uff09\u3002\u524d\u63d0\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u3068\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u9593\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001$Q$&nbsp;\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M21-\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8aad\u89e3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u306e\u985e\u578b]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u80a2\u306b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u5168\u79f0\u5316\uff08\u7279\u79f0\u304b\u3089\u5168\u79f0\u3078\u306e\u98db\u8e8d\uff09\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u53cd\u8ee2\uff08\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\uff09\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u9ad8\u3081\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304b\u3089\u78ba\u5b9a\u3078\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\uff09\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u7d50\u5408\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8a9e\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306e\u4ea4\u53c9\uff09\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u524d\u63d0&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u304b\u3089\u5e30\u7d50&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u3078\u306e\u542b\u610f\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7834\u7dbb\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M23-\u63a8\u8ad6\u3068\u542b\u610f\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M21-\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8aad\u89e3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8981\u7d20\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306a\u6f14\u7b97\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M23-\u63a8\u8ad6\u3068\u542b\u610f\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u884c\u9593\u306b\u6f5c\u3080\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u542b\u610f\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u547d\u984c\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u5206\u89e3\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u4e3b\u8f9e\u3001\u8ff0\u8f9e\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u9593\u3067\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6f14\u7b97\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u898b\u305f\u76ee\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3066\u8981\u7d20\u3054\u3068\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5bfe\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u4e3b\u8f9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8f9e\u30fb\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6210\u5206\u5206\u89e3\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u6f14\u7b97<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u4e2d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u4e38\u3054\u3068\u610f\u5473\u306e\u584a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6349\u3048\u3066\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u5171\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u53d7\u5bb9\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5168\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u4e3b\u8f9e\uff08Subject:&nbsp;$S$\uff09\u300d\u300c\u8ff0\u8f9e\uff08Predicate:&nbsp;$P$\uff09\u300d\u300c\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08Quantifier:&nbsp;$Q$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6700\u4f4e3\u3064\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u500b\u5225\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9069\u7528\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u4e3b\u8f9e&nbsp;$S$&nbsp;\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u672c\u6587\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8ff0\u8f9e&nbsp;$P&#8217;$&nbsp;\u304c\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3001\u7279\u79f0\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u304c\u5168\u79f0&nbsp;$Q&#8217;$&nbsp;\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5168\u4f53\u306f\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u8f9e&nbsp;$S$\uff08\u4f55\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff09\u3001\u8ff0\u8f9e&nbsp;$P$\uff08\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5c5e\u6027\u30fb\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff09\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e&nbsp;$Q$\uff08\u3069\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u30fb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\uff09\u306e3\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u304b\u3089\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u540c\u69d8\u306b&nbsp;$S_0, P_0, Q_0$&nbsp;\u3078\u3068\u5206\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001$S = S_0$&nbsp;\u304b\u3064&nbsp;$P \\Leftarrow P_0$&nbsp;\u304b\u3064&nbsp;$Q \\subseteq Q_0$&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5305\u542b\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u9806\u6b21\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4f9d\u5b58\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u30fb\u6bd4\u55a9\u7684\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\u3084\u8ff0\u8f9e\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5883\u754c\u304c\u56fa\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u6210\u5206\u5206\u89e3\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u306a\u308b\u5834\u9762\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6bd4\u55a9\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e3b\u8f9e\u3068\u8ff0\u8f9e\u304c\u8c61\u5fb4\u7684\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u7167\u5408\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u7b97\u5b9a\u3057\u304d\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u3088\u308b\u672a\u77e5\u8a9e\u63a8\u6e2c\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u88dc\u5b8c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u8ff0\u8f9e\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u8ff0\u8f9e\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u89e3\u6f14\u7b97\u3078\u3068\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u512a\u5148\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Many modern economists argue that unregulated free markets can cause severe wealth inequality.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;A significant number of contemporary financial experts contend that unrestricted free markets are capable of generating extreme disparities in wealth.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8f9e &#8220;Many modern economists&#8221; \uff1d \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;A significant number of contemporary financial experts&#8221;\u3001\u8ff0\u8f9e &#8220;can cause severe wealth inequality&#8221; \uff1d &#8220;are capable of generating extreme disparities in wealth&#8221; \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8f9e\u30fb\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u540c\u5024\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u4fdd\u3063\u3066\u5206\u89e3\u30fb\u7167\u5408\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The ancient manuscript revealed that the kingdom maintained extensive trade networks with neighboring regions during the fifth century.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;According to the historical document, the realm carried out wide-ranging commercial exchanges with adjacent territories in the 500s.&#8221; \u2192 \u5404\u6210\u5206\uff08\u4e3b\u8f9e\uff1a manuscript&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;document\u3001\u8ff0\u8f9e\uff1a maintained trade networks&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;carried out commercial exchanges\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\/\u6642\u5236\uff1a 5th century&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;500s\uff09\u304c\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u304c\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;While some species of primates demonstrate basic tool-making skills, only chimpanzees have been observed creating specialized instruments for hunting.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Primate species in general possess the ability to manufacture specialized tools designed specifically for hunting purposes.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u300c\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u970a\u9577\u985e\uff08some species of primates\uff09\u300d\u304c\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u9053\u5177\u4f5c\u6210\uff08basic tool-making\uff09\u300d\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u4e3b\u8f9e\u3092\u300c\u970a\u9577\u985e\u4e00\u822c\uff08Primate species in general\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u3057\u3001\u304b\u3064\u300c\u72e9\u731f\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u9053\u5177\uff08specialized tools for hunting\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30c1\u30f3\u30d1\u30f3\u30b8\u30fc\u9650\u5b9a\u306e\u8ff0\u8f9e\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u5168\u970a\u9577\u985e\u3078\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u62e1\u5927\u3068\u7d50\u5408\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Cognitive scientists generally agree that sleep plays a pivotal role in memory consolidation.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Most experts in cognitive science concur that adequate sleep is essential for stabilizing newly acquired memories.&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u8f9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8f9e\u30fb\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u5404\u6210\u5206\uff08cognitive scientists&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;experts in cognitive science\u3001pivotal role in memory consolidation&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;essential for stabilizing newly acquired memories\uff09\u304c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3b\u8f9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8f9e\u30fb\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6210\u5206\u5206\u89e3\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3057\u3001\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5305\u542b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u9a19\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u5ea6\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u7b97\u5b9a\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u300c\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u4e8b\u8c61\uff09\u300d\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u300c\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u30fb\u6210\u7acb\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\uff09\u300d\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7b97\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u301c\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\uff08may\uff09\u300d\u300c\u301c\u306e\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff08tend to\uff09\u300d\u3068\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u57df\u3092\u51fa\u306a\u3044\u5f62\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u547d\u984c\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08is\uff09\u300d\u300c\u65ad\u8a00\u3067\u304d\u308b\uff08definitely\uff09\u300d\u3068\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306f\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305a\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u6a19\u8b58\uff08\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\uff1amay, might, can, must\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\uff1apossibly, probably, certainly\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u30fb\u52d5\u8a5e\uff1alikely, inclined to, suggest\uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u304a\u3088\u3073\u767a\u751f\u983b\u5ea6\u3092\u300c1: \u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08Possible\uff09\u300d\u300c2: \u84cb\u7136\u6027\u30fb\u9ad8\u78ba\u7387\uff08Probable\uff09\u300d\u300c3: \u78ba\u5b9a\u30fb\u5fc5\u7136\uff08Certain\/Inevitable\uff09\u300d\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u4e0a\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u5074\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u5024\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u904e\u5ea6\u306b\u9ad8\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u6027\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5468\u5230\u306b\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u5909\u5316\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4eee\u8aac\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u8a00\u53ca\u3092\u5b9a\u8aac\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a8d\u8b58\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u8b2c\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306a\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u8868\u73fe\uff08Irony \u3084 Hedges\uff09\u300d\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306a\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f37\u5ea6\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u304d\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u300c\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u7279\u79f0\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u5224\u5b9a\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u8fd1\u63a5\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u300c\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u30fb\u6570\u91cf\uff08All vs Some\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u7b97\u5b9a\u306f\u300c\u547d\u984c\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u78ba\u7387\u30fb\u78ba\u4fe1\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\uff08Certain vs Possible\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u5206\u62c5\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Initial findings suggest that the new dietary regimen might help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly patients.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Preliminary research indicates the possibility that the updated nutritional plan could lower the chances of heart disease among older individuals.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u4f4e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3 &#8220;suggest&#8230; might help&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3082 &#8220;indicates the possibility&#8230; could lower&#8221; \u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff08\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Historical evidence strongly indicates that the eruption of the volcano was the primary catalyst for the decline of the Minoan civilization.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;It is highly probable, according to historical records, that the volcanic explosion triggered the downfall of the Minoan society.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5f37\u3081\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3 &#8220;strongly indicates&#8230; primary catalyst&#8221; \u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;highly probable&#8230; triggered&#8221;\uff08\u6975\u3081\u3066\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\uff1a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2\uff09\u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u84cb\u7136\u6027\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Observational data implies that the newly discovered asteroid could potentially enter the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere within the next century.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The newly discovered asteroid will inevitably collide with the Earth in the coming century, as confirmed by observational data.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f &#8220;implies&#8230; could potentially&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\uff1a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1\uff09\u3068\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f &#8220;will inevitably collide&#8221;\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u7684\u306b\u885d\u7a81\u3059\u308b\uff1a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3\uff09\u3068\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u30fb\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3078\u3068\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u98db\u8e8d\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5225\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e0a\u6607\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Under high-pressure conditions, the synthetic polymer tends to lose its structural flexibility.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;When subjected to elevated pressure, the artificial polymer has a propensity to become less flexible.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u50be\u5411\u3092\u793a\u3059\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3 &#8220;tends to lose&#8221; \u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;has a propensity to become less&#8221; \u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u50be\u5411\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6574\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306b\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304b\u3089\u78ba\u5b9a\u3078\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u308b\u7cbe\u5ea6\u611f\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u6253\u3061\u7834\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u306e\u5206\u985e\u3068\u81ea\u52d5\u691c\u77e5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u4f5c\u6210\u8005\u304c\u7528\u3044\u308b\u6b6a\u66f2\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u306f\u591a\u5c90\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u300c\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u5316\uff09\u300d\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u30fb\u4ed8\u52a0\u300d\u300c\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u7bc0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5206\u985e\u30fb\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u9032\u3081\u308b\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u7455\u75b5\u306e\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u7b54\u80a2\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u7834\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u691c\u8a3c\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3068\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u306e\u7455\u75b5\u691c\u77e5\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u591a\u767a\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u904e\u8aa4\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3067\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3084\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7bc4\u56f2\uff08\u7279\u79f0\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u307f\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\uff08\u5168\u79f0\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u5e38\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u6cd5\u5247\u300d\u3078\u3068\u62e1\u5927\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u300c\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\uff08Overgeneralization\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304c\u300c\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61&nbsp;$X$&nbsp;\u306f&nbsp;$Y$&nbsp;\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08$\\exists x (X(x) \\land Y(x))$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61&nbsp;$X$&nbsp;\u306f&nbsp;$Y$&nbsp;\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08$\\forall x (X(x) \\to Y(x))$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u4e0d\u80fd\u306a\u507d\u547d\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u5168\u79f0\u3092\u793a\u3059\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08all, every, always, inevitably, exclusively, unique, only\uff09\u3084\u5f37\u70c8\u306a\u65ad\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u306e\u300c\u30d5\u30e9\u30b0\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5168\u79f0\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u7b87\u6240\u3068\u7a81\u304d\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5074\u306b\u4f8b\u5916\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08some, certain, occasionally, in most cases, with exceptions\uff09\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5168\u79f0\u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u306e\u7455\u75b5\u3092\u542b\u3080\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u52d5\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u53b3\u5bc6\u6027\u306e\u6839\u5e79\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u62e1\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6700\u512a\u5148\u3067\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u98db\u8e8d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u7dcf\u62ec\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u3057\u3066\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u5168\u79f0\u547d\u984c\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u5168\u79f0\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u611f\u3092\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u547d\u984c\u306e\u6210\u5206\u5206\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6210\u5206\u5206\u89e3\u3067\u62bd\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u306e\u9818\u57df\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u9818\u57df&nbsp;$Q_0$&nbsp;\u3092\u8d85\u904e\uff08$Q \\supset Q_0$\uff09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3092\u6570\u5024\u7684\u30fb\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;In several species of migratory birds, young individuals rely on genetic memory rather than adult guidance to navigate.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;There are certain migratory bird species in which juveniles utilize inherited navigational memory instead of following mature birds.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;In several species&#8221;\uff08\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u7a2e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3082 &#8220;certain&#8230; species&#8221;\uff08\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u301c\u7a2e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3068\u7279\u79f0\u306e\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;While the drug demonstrated remarkable efficacy in clinical trials with adult patients, its safety for pediatric use remains unverified.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The medication showed high effectiveness in adult clinical testing, though its suitability for children has not yet been established.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u9650\u5b9a\uff08\u6210\u4eba\u306b\u306f\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3060\u304c\u5c0f\u5150\u306b\u306f\u672a\u691c\u8a3c\uff09\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Sociological surveys reveal that individuals who engage in regular volunteering often report higher levels of life satisfaction.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Every person who participates in community volunteer work inevitably achieves a profound sense of personal fulfillment.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f &#8220;often&#8221;\uff08\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u79f0\u7684\u30fb\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f &#8220;Every person&#8221;\uff08\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073 &#8220;inevitably&#8221;\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u306b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30dd\u30b8\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306a\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8aa4\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Except for a few specialized deep-sea organisms, nearly all marine life forms require oxygen dissolved in water to sustain cellular respiration.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;With the exception of a small number of adapted deep-sea creatures, almost all aquatic organisms depend on dissolved oxygen for survival.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08Except for a few\uff09\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;With the exception of a small number&#8221; \u3068\u4f8b\u5916\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30b0\u3092\u611f\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u7279\u79f0\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u98db\u8e8d\u3092\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u30b7\u30e3\u30c3\u30c8\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u30fb\u4ed8\u52a0\u3068\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u691c\u77e5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u306f\u6700\u3082\u30df\u30b9\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u300c$A$&nbsp;\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u7d50\u679c\uff08$A \\to B$\uff09\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u300c$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u304c\u7d50\u679c\uff08$B \\to A$\uff09\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u5358\u306b\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u540c\u6642\u767a\u751f\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\uff08$A \\land B$\uff09\u300d\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u53cd\u8ee2\uff08\u9006\u8ee2\uff09\u3055\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u306a\u3044\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4e26\u5217\u30fb\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u306b\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5de7\u5999\u306a\u4e0d\u5f53\u80a2\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe\uff08cause, lead to, result in, stem from, due to, because of, thereby\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u307e\u305a\u539f\u56e0\uff08Cause\uff09\u3068\u7d50\u679c\uff08Effect\uff09\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u77e2\u5370\uff08$X \\to Y$\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3068\u77e2\u5370\u306e\u5411\u304d\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u77e2\u5370\u306e\u5411\u304d\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308a\uff08$Y \\to X$\uff09\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3067\u306f\u5358\u306b\u300c$A$&nbsp;\u306e\u5f8c\u306b&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\uff08\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\uff09\u300d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c$A$&nbsp;\u3068&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u306f\u540c\u6642\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u76f8\u95a2\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u304b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u56e0\u679c\uff08$A$&nbsp;\u306e\u305b\u3044\u3067&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\uff09\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u7455\u75b5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u8ad6\u8a3c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u306f\u6700\u3082\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5931\u7b56\uff08Cum hoc ergo propter hoc\uff09\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3084\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u306e\u5168\u524d\u63d0\u3092\u72c2\u308f\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u533a\u5225\u304c\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u9023\u63a5\u8a9e\uff08because \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u305a\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u542b\u610f\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff08e.g., enable, force, allow\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3060\u3051\u3067\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u4e0d\u5728\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u300c\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u5206\u6790\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u6df1\u304f\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5f79\u5272\uff08\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b vs \u88ab\u8853\u8005\uff09\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The prolonged drought in the region severely depleted groundwater reserves, which in turn forced agricultural communities to reduce crop production.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The exhaustion of underground water supplies, caused by the extended dry spell, compelled local farming populations to scale back agricultural output.&#8221; \u2192 \u56e0\u679c\u306e\u9023\u9396\uff08\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\uff1d\u65e5\u7167\u308a&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7d50\u679c\/\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\uff1d\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u67af\u6e07&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7d50\u679c&nbsp;$C$&nbsp;\uff1d\u751f\u7523\u524a\u6e1b\uff09\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08&#8221;B, caused by A, compelled C&#8221;\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere enhance heat retention, leading to a rise in global mean temperatures.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Global temperatures increase as a consequence of the heightened capacity of the atmosphere to trap heat due to elevated carbon dioxide concentration.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff08$CO_2$&nbsp;\u6fc3\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6607&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u71b1\u5438\u53ce\u5897\u52a0&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u6c17\u6e29\u4e0a\u6607\uff09\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u3092\u9055\u3048\u305a\u306b\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Historically, periods of economic prosperity in the empire were accompanied by a flourishment of artistic and architectural achievements.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The widespread flourishing of art and architecture directly generated the economic prosperity experienced by the empire.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u7e41\u6804\u3068\u82b8\u8853\u306e\u958b\u82b1\u304c\u300c\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\uff08\u76f8\u95a2\u30fb\u5171\u5b58\uff1a$A \\land B$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f &#8220;art directly generated economic prosperity&#8221; \u3068\u3001\u82b8\u8853\uff08$B$\uff09\u304c\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u7e41\u6804\uff08$A$\uff09\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u771f\u9006\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff08$B \\to A$\uff09\u3092\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u4e0d\u5f53\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u30fb\u9006\u8ee2\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;After the implementation of the new urban traffic policy, municipal authorities recorded a notable decrease in inner-city air pollution.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Following the adoption of the updated city traffic regulations, a marked decline in urban air pollution levels was observed.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u304c\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\uff08After&#8230;\uff09\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3082 &#8220;Following&#8230;&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\uff09\u3068\u5358\u306a\u308b\u767a\u751f\u9806\u5e8f\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u52dd\u624b\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u611f\u77e5\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306b\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u3084\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u52d5\u691c\u77e5\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3068\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u5883\u754c\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u541f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u771f\u9006\u306b\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u300c\u5426\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\uff08not, never, no \u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u3069\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff08Scope\uff09\u300d\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u8aa4\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6587\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3059\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3059\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u3001\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u91c8\u30df\u30b9\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002\u5426\u5b9a\u304c\u53ca\u3076\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u753b\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u9650\u5b9a\u3068\u771f\u507d\u5024\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\uff08not\uff09\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u53ca\u3076\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7bc4\u56f2\uff08\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff09\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001&#8221;not&#8230; because \u301c&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u2026\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3084\u3001&#8221;not + \u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08not all, not every\uff09&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306f\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3084\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u307f\u3092\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u308a\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u5168\u4f53\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304a\u3088\u3073\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u307e\u305a\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\uff08not\uff09\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff08\u3069\u3053\u304b\u3089\u3069\u3053\u307e\u3067\u3092\u6253\u3061\u6d88\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002&#8221;not A because B&#8221; \u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300cB\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u7531\u3067A\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u56e0\u679c\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u7406\u7531\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300cA\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u3053\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u6b6a\u3081\u3066\u300cA\u306f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3001\u547d\u984c\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u771f\u507d\u5024\u6761\u4ef6\uff08Truth Condition\uff09\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u5883\u754c\u3092\u3042\u3044\u307e\u3044\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u7b97\u5b9a\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u7834\u7dbb\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5165\u8a66\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u53d7\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u3092\u3075\u308b\u3044\u843d\u3068\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6d17\u7df4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3084\u904a\u96e2\u5426\u5b9a\uff08Negative Concord\/Transferred Negation\uff1ae.g., I don&#8217;t think that&#8230;\uff09\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u305a\u308c\u308b\u6163\u7528\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u6df1\u5c64\u306e\u89e3\u91c8\u898f\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u7279\u79f0\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u5224\u5b9a\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u76f8\u4e92\u88dc\u5b8c\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001&#8221;not all&#8221;\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u304c\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u300c\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u301c\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u4e21\u65b9\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\uff08\u7279\u79f0\u7684\u88dc\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The committee did not approve the proposal simply because it was cost-effective; they were more concerned with its environmental sustainability.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Cost-effectiveness alone was not considered by the committee as a sufficient justification for endorsing the proposal.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;not&#8230; simply because&#8221;\uff08\u8cbb\u7528\u5bfe\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u7531\u3060\u3051\u3067\u627f\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u8cbb\u7528\u5bfe\u52b9\u679c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u627f\u8a8d\u306e\u5341\u5206\u306a\u7406\u7531\u3068\u306f\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u771f\u507d\u5024\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;It is not unconventional for researchers in this field to share preliminary data prior to formal publication.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Sharing early data before official publication is a practice that occurs with some frequency among researchers in this discipline.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a &#8220;not unconventional&#8221;\uff08\u7834\u5929\u8352\u30fb\u7570\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u3042\u308b\u7fd2\u6163\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;occurs with some frequency&#8221;\uff08\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3068\u80af\u5b9a\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3078\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Not all participating countries agreed to the binding emissions reduction targets set at the summit.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;None of the nations attending the summit accepted the mandatory targets for reducing emissions.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;Not all&#8221; \u306f\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u76ee\u6a19\u306b\u540c\u610f\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u56fd\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u540c\u610f\u3057\u305f\u56fd\u3082\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f &#8220;None of the nations&#8221;\uff08\u4e00\u56fd\u3082\u540c\u610f\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff09\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u5168\u4f53\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u3078\u3068\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5225\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u305a\u308c\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The author does not claim that technology will automatically solve human conflict, but rather that it provides new tools for communication.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The writer refrains from asserting that technology inevitably resolves human disputes, emphasizing instead its role in providing novel communication tools.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;not claim that A, but rather that B&#8221;\uff08A\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304fB\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;refrains from asserting A, emphasizing B&#8221; \u3068\u6574\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u304c\u53ca\u3076\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u30fb\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u304b\u3089\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u3078\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u7cbe\u5ea6\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5426\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u542b\u3080\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u53b3\u5bc6\u3055\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30d9\u30f3\u56f3\u306e\u9818\u57df\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u771f\u507d\u5024\u6761\u4ef6\uff08Truth Condition\uff09\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u8996\u899a\u7684\u30fb\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5168\u79f0\u96c6\u5408&nbsp;$U$&nbsp;\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u3092&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff08Not all&nbsp;$X$are&nbsp;$Y$\uff09\u306f\u300c$A \\neq U$&nbsp;\u304b\u3064&nbsp;$A \\neq \\emptyset$\uff08$A$&nbsp;\u306e\u88dc\u96c6\u5408&nbsp;$A^c$&nbsp;\u304c\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\uff08No&nbsp;$X$&nbsp;is&nbsp;$Y$\uff09\u306f\u300c$A = \\emptyset$\uff08\u96c6\u5408&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u660e\u77ad\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u4e2d\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3092\u96c6\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u7f6e\u63db\u3059\u308b\u3002&#8221;All&#8230; not&#8221; \u3084 &#8220;Not&#8230; all&#8221; \u306f\u96c6\u5408&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u3068\u88dc\u96c6\u5408&nbsp;$A^c$&nbsp;\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001&#8221;None&#8221;, &#8220;Never&#8221;, &#8220;No&#8221;, &#8220;Neither&#8221; \u306f\u88dc\u96c6\u5408&nbsp;$A^c$&nbsp;\u304c\u5168\u79f0\u96c6\u5408&nbsp;$U$&nbsp;\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\uff08$A = \\emptyset$\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u96c6\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u96c6\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u771f\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u5408\u307e\u305f\u306f\u540c\u5024\u96c6\u5408\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u7d20\u306a\u96c6\u5408\u3078\u3068\u6b6a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u611f\u899a\u3067\u306f\u300c\u307f\u3093\u306a\u304c\u8cdb\u6210\u3057\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u767a\u8a00\u304b\u3089\u300c\u8ab0\u3082\u8cdb\u6210\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u3078\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u306e\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u306f\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u610f\u5473\u305b\u305a\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u300c\u4e00\u90e8\u306f\u8cdb\u6210\u3057\u305f\uff08\u80af\u5b9a\u306e\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u542b\u610f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4ed5\u8fbc\u3080\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u98db\u8e8d\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u5c64\u4e0a &#8220;All of them did not go&#8221; \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u6587\u8108\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u884c\u3063\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u306b\u3082\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u884c\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff09\u306b\u3082\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u5f97\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u66d6\u6627\u6027\uff08Structural Ambiguity\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u6587\u8108\u3084\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5bfe\u5076\u691c\u8a3c\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u3001\u88dc\u96c6\u5408\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u5bfe\u5076\uff09\u306e\u7b97\u5b9a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;While both options possess unique advantages, neither of them provides a complete solution to the fiscal crisis.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Each of the two choices fails to deliver an exhaustive resolution to the financial problem, despite their respective benefits.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;neither of them provides a complete solution&#8221;\uff08\u4e21\u8005\u3068\u3082\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u89e3\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u96c6\u5408&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u304c\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3082 &#8220;Each&#8230; fails to deliver an exhaustive resolution&#8221;\uff08\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u89e3\u6c7a\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5931\u6557\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff09\u3068\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;It is rarely the case that a single factor accounts for the complex geopolitical shift.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;An isolated cause almost never offers a full explanation for the intricate geopolitical transformation.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u6e96\u5426\u5b9a &#8220;rarely&#8221;\uff08\u3081\u3063\u305f\u306b\u301c\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;almost never&#8221;\uff08\u307b\u307c\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u301c\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u5883\u754c\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Not every participant in the experiment displayed the predicted physiological response.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;No individual involved in the experiment exhibited the expected physical reaction.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\u5fdc\u7b54\u3092\u793a\u3055\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u3082\u3044\u308b\uff1d\u88dc\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f &#8220;No individual&#8230; exhibited&#8221;\uff08\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u3082\u793a\u3055\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff1d\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408&nbsp;$A=\\emptyset$\uff09\u3068\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u3078\u3068\u96c6\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u6b6a\u66f2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u5316\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Few historical accounts from that era can be considered entirely free from political bias.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The vast majority of historical documents from that period contain at least some degree of political bias.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;Few&#8230; can be considered entirely free&#8221;\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3054\u304f\u308f\u305a\u304b\uff1d\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u304c\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u96c6\u5408\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The vast majority&#8230; contain at least some degree&#8221;\uff08\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff09\u3068\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3001\u88dc\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u542b\u3080\u8aa4\u7b54\u80a2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c\u306e\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u3068\u9006\u30fb\u88cf\u30fb\u5bfe\u5076\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u300c\u3082\u3057&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u306a\u3089\u3070&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c\uff08Conditional Statement:&nbsp;$P \\to Q$\uff09\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f\u300c\u5bfe\u5076\uff08$\\neg Q \\to \\neg P$\uff09\u300d\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u9006\uff08$Q \\to P$\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u88cf\uff08$\\neg P \\to \\neg Q$\uff09\u300d\u306f\u5143\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u771f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u771f\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u4f5c\u6210\u8005\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u984c\u306e\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3084\u300c\u88cf\u300d\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b\u547d\u984c\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u305d\u3046\u306a\u7f60\u3092\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u53ca\u3076\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u524d\u4ef6\u3068\u5f8c\u4ef6\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$P \\to Q$&nbsp;\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u306f\u5f8c\u4ef6&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5f8c\u4ef6&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u306f\u524d\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304c\u300c$P$&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306e\u307f&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\uff08$Q \\to P$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u5358\u306b\u300c$P$&nbsp;\u306a\u3089\u3070&nbsp;$Q$\uff08$P \\to Q$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u65b9\u5411\uff08\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5411\u304d\uff09\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\uff08if, provided that, on condition that, as long as\uff09\u3067\u7e1b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u547d\u984c\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305a\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u524d\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$\uff08\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5f8c\u4ef6&nbsp;$Q$\uff08\u5e30\u7d50\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3001$P \\to Q$&nbsp;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u524d\u4ef6\u3068\u5f8c\u4ef6\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5f8c\u4ef6&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u304c\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u96e2\u308c\u3066\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u65ad\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c$Q$&nbsp;\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3089&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff08\u9006\u306e\u771f\u507d\u306e\u6df7\u540c\uff1a$Q \\to P$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u4eee\u8aac\u3084\u6cd5\u5247\u306e\u9069\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u8131\u843d\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u306f\u3001\u5168\u304f\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u306a\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u53ca\u3076\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u753b\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u601d\u8003\u529b\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5165\u8a66\u3067\u3082\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306b\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f &#8220;if&#8221; \u304c\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b &#8220;if and only if\uff08\u301c\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u304b\u3064\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u9650\u308b\uff1a\u540c\u5024&nbsp;$P \\Leftrightarrow Q$\uff09&#8221; \u306e\u610f\u5473\u3067\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u300c\u9006\u300d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3082\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u771f\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u53cc\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u5fc5\u8981\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u304c\u610f\u5473\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6ce8\u610f\u6df1\u304f\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u306b\u8fd1\u63a5\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u6642\u9593\u7684\u30fb\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306a\u8d77\u56e0\u3092\u6271\u3046\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;An applicant will be admitted to the advanced seminar provided that they have completed the prerequisite coursework with a grade of B or higher.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Completion of the preliminary coursework with at least a B grade is a mandatory condition for a candidate to gain entry into the advanced seminar.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u524d\u63d0&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\uff1d\u5c65\u4fee\u5b8c\u4e86&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u5e30\u7d50&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\uff1d\u8a31\u53ef\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3082 &#8220;mandatory condition for entry&#8221;\uff08\u5165\u5834\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5fc5\u9808\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u3068\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;A full refund is issued exclusively when the purchased item is returned within fourteen days accompanied by the original receipt.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Customers can obtain a complete reimbursement only if they bring back the bought product along with the initial receipt within a two-week period.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u301c\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306e\u307f\uff08exclusively when&nbsp;$P, Q$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;only if&nbsp;$P, Q$&#8221; \u3068\u5fc5\u8981\u5341\u5206\u306a\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u9818\u57df\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;If the government raises the carbon tax, heavy industrial manufacturers will be forced to invest in cleaner energy technologies.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Heavy industrial manufacturers have begun investing in cleaner energy technologies, which confirms that the government raised the carbon tax.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u300c\u70ad\u7d20\u7a0e\u5897\u7a0e\uff08$P$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u6295\u8cc7\uff08$Q$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u6295\u8cc7\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08$Q$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u3060\u304b\u3089\u5897\u7a0e\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff08$P$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u9006\uff08$Q \\to P$\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u767a\u751f\u304b\u3089\u524d\u63d0\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u9006\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5225\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Unless the patient exhibits severe respiratory distress, the administration of supplemental oxygen is deemed unnecessary.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Supplemental oxygen is considered unneeded provided that the patient does not show intense breathing difficulties.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6 &#8220;Unless&nbsp;$P, Q$&#8221;\uff08P\u3067\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308aQ\u306f\u4e0d\u8981\uff1dP\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070Q\uff09\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;provided that not&nbsp;$P, Q$&#8221; \u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u524d\u4ef6\u3068\u5f8c\u4ef6\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5411\u304d\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7cbe\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u8131\u843d\u3084\u9006\u8ee2\u3092\u542b\u3080\u8aa4\u7b54\u80a2\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u5bfe\u5076\u306e\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u3068\u9006\u30fb\u88cf\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u6027\u306e\u5224\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$P \\to Q$&nbsp;\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u771f\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u300c\u5bfe\u5076\uff08$\\neg Q \\to \\neg P$\uff1a\u5f8c\u4ef6\u306e\u5426\u5b9a&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u524d\u4ef6\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u300d\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u9006\uff08$Q \\to P$\uff09\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u88cf\uff08$\\neg P \\to \\neg Q$\uff09\u300d\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u300c\u88cf\uff08\u524d\u63d0\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u7d50\u679c\u3082\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u9006\uff08\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u524d\u63d0\u3082\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u305f\uff09\u300d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u3001\u5bfe\u5076\u306e\u540c\u5024\u6027\u3068\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$P \\to Q$&nbsp;\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c$\\neg Q \\to \\neg P$\uff08\u5f8c\u4ef6\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306a\u3089\u524d\u4ef6\u3082\u5426\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5bfe\u5076\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c$\\neg P \\to \\neg Q$\uff08\u524d\u4ef6\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u5f8c\u4ef6\u3082\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff1a\u88cf\uff09\u300d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c$Q \\to P$\uff08\u9006\uff09\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08$P$&nbsp;\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3067&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u904e\u8aa4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5bfe\u5076\u306e\u307f\u304c\u5143\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5168\u304f\u540c\u3058\u771f\u507d\u5024\uff08Truth Value\uff09\u3092\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u771f\u5b9f\u306f\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u63fa\u3089\u3050\u3053\u3068\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5bfe\u5076\u3068\u88cf\u30fb\u9006\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6f14\u7e79\u306e\u6839\u5e79\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u601d\u8003\u529b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u6700\u3082\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30bf\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u7bc0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u5bfe\u5076\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u96a0\u853d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\uff08$\\neg P$&nbsp;\u304a\u3088\u3073&nbsp;$\\neg Q$\uff09\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u4e01\u5be7\u306b\u884c\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u30fb\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u9023\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u88dc\u96c6\u5408\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u5305\u542b\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08$Q^c \\subseteq P^c$\uff09\u304c\u5143\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5305\u542b\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08$P \\subseteq Q$\uff09\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6570\u7406\u7684\u306b\u88dc\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;All researchers who receive the prestigious grant are required to publish their findings in open-access journals.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;A scholar who is not obligated to release their study in an open-access publication has certainly not been awarded the prestigious grant.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u300c\u53d7\u7d66\u8005\uff08$P$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u516c\u958b\u7fa9\u52d9\uff08$Q$\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u516c\u958b\u7fa9\u52d9\u306a\u3057\uff08$\\neg Q$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u53d7\u7d66\u8005\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff08$\\neg P$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u5bfe\u5076\u300d\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u4e0a\u3001\u5bfe\u5076\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u5024\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Whenever the atmospheric temperature drops below zero, the automated sensor activates the heating element.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;If the heating element is not activated by the automated sensor, the atmospheric temperature cannot be below zero.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u300c\u6c37\u70b9\u4e0b\uff08$P$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u30d2\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u8d77\u52d5\uff08$Q$\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u30d2\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u672a\u8d77\u52d5\uff08$\\neg Q$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u6c37\u70b9\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff08$\\neg P$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5bfe\u5076\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6210\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;If a student fails to register for the course before the deadline, they will not be permitted to take the final examination.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;If a student completes the course registration prior to the deadline, they will automatically be allowed to take the final examination.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u300c\u7de0\u3081\u5207\u308a\u9045\u308c\uff08$P$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u53d7\u9a13\u4e0d\u53ef\uff08$Q$\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u7de0\u3081\u5207\u308a\u5185\u306b\u767b\u9332\u3057\u305f\uff08$\\neg P$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u53d7\u9a13\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff08$\\neg Q$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u88cf\uff08$\\neg P \\to \\neg Q$\uff09\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u4ef6\uff08\u51fa\u5e2d\u7387\u3084\u8ab2\u984c\u63d0\u51fa\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u305a\u53d7\u9a13\u4e0d\u53ef\u306b\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u305f\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u305d\u3046\u306a\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u88cf\u300d\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Failure to adhere to the safety protocols inevitably results in the termination of the laboratory permit.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;A facility whose laboratory permit has not been terminated must have consistently adhered to the safety protocols.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u300c\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u9055\u53cd\uff08$P$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u8a31\u53ef\u53d6\u308a\u6d88\u3057\uff08$Q$\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u8a31\u53ef\u53d6\u308a\u6d88\u3057\u306a\u3057\uff08$\\neg Q$\uff09$\\to$&nbsp;\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u9075\u5b88\uff08$\\neg P$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u5bfe\u5076\u8ad6\u7406\u3092\u6210\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c\u306e\u300c\u5bfe\u5076\u300d\u306e\u307f\u304c\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u7d99\u627f\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6cd5\u5247\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3057\u3001\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3084\u300c\u88cf\u300d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u542b\u3080\u8aa4\u7b54\u80a2\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u898b\u629c\u304f\u601d\u8003\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u5b8c\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u8a18\u8f09\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\uff08\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\uff09\u306e\u51e6\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u6700\u3082\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u304b\u304b\u308b\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u3001\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u305d\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u9589\u3058\u305f\u5b87\u5b99\uff09\u304b\u3089\u771f\uff08True\uff09\u3068\u3082\u507d\uff08False\uff09\u3068\u3082\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u547d\u984c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\uff08Undetermined \/ Not Mentioned\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9577\u6587\u554f\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u306a\u547d\u984c\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u300c\u6839\u62e0\u306a\u304d\u507d\u547d\u984c\uff08\u4e0d\u89e3\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u306e\u975e\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u300c\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\u300d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u78ba\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u969b\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u306f\u81ea\u5df1\u306e\u8a18\u61b6\u3084\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u884c\u9593\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u88dc\u5b8c\u3053\u305d\u304c\u6700\u5927\u306e\u6575\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408&nbsp;$K$&nbsp;\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$M$&nbsp;\u304c&nbsp;$K \\models M$\uff08$K$&nbsp;\u304c&nbsp;$M$&nbsp;\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u542b\u610f\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069&nbsp;$M$&nbsp;\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u901a\u5ff5\u4e0a\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u601d\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f&nbsp;$K$&nbsp;\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u300c\u6839\u62e0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u306e\u975e\u5b58\u5728\uff08Absence of Premise\uff09\u3092\u51b7\u5fb9\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u771f\u507d\u5024\u306e\u7b97\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4e3b\u8f9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8f9e\uff09\u3092\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u6307\u5dee\u3057\u78ba\u8a8d\uff08\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u6982\u5ff5\u9593\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u3092\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u306a\u542b\u610f\uff08Entailment\uff09\u304c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\uff08Not Mentioned\uff09\u300d\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u547d\u984c\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u6b63\u89e3\u306b\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u306a\u3044\uff08\u507d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5224\u65ad\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u89e3\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u6027\u30fb\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u3092\u62c5\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u6b63\u89e3\u80a2\u306f\u672c\u6587\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9589\u3058\u305f\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b100%\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u8ad6\u300d\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u6df7\u5165\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u305b\u305a\u306b\u611f\u899a\u3067\u9078\u3076\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u3092\u632f\u308b\u3044\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3088\u3046\u7f60\u3092\u8a2d\u8a08\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u30fb\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\uff09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u4e0a\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u542b\u610f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u6839\u62e0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\uff08\u771f\uff09\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5834\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u4e0d\u5728\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306e\u4e0d\u5728\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u30fb\u5148\u5165\u89b3\u306e\u906e\u65ad\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u80cc\u4e2d\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3066\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u691c\u7d22\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u614b\u5ea6\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The archeological team excavated three intact clay vessels from the burial site, dating back to the Bronze Age.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The excavation at the ancient burial ground yielded a trio of undamaged ceramic containers originating from the Bronze Age.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\uff08excavated three intact clay vessels&#8230; Bronze Age\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\uff08yielded a trio of undamaged ceramic containers&#8230;\uff09\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u304b\u3064\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Although the company experienced a temporary decline in overseas sales, its domestic market share expanded significantly during the second quarter.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Despite suffering a short-term drop in international revenue, the firm achieved substantial growth in its home market during Q2.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The local municipal government introduced a new recycling initiative aimed at reducing plastic waste in urban areas.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The municipal government intends to completely ban the single-use plastic bags in all retail stores by next year.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9fA\uff09\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6765\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e\u30ec\u30b8\u888b\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u6b62\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9fB\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u300c\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u524a\u6e1b\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30ec\u30b8\u888b\u7981\u6b62\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\uff08\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\uff09\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5c0e\u51fa\u4e0d\u80fd\uff08\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The novel&#8217;s protagonist travels to a remote mountain village to search for her missing estranged father.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The main character in the story journeys to a secluded alpine settlement in an effort to locate her long-lost father.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\uff08protagonist&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;main character, remote mountain village&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;secluded alpine settlement, search for missing father&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;locate long-lost father\uff09\u304b\u3089\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u542b\u610f\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\uff1d\u4e0d\u89e3\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u51b7\u5fb9\u306a\u691c\u8a3c\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u30fb\u5148\u5165\u89b3\u306e\u906e\u65ad\u3068\u9589\u3058\u305f\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u7dad\u6301<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u5927\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3067\u5f97\u305f\u300c\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\uff08Prior Knowledge\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u5148\u5165\u89b3\uff08Preconception\uff09\u300d\u304c\u8aad\u89e3\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u5272\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u304f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u306f\u5fae\u5999\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u5e38\u8b58\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u5fcd\u3073\u8fbc\u307e\u305b\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u9589\u3058\u305f\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\uff08Closed Universe of Discourse\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5916\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u6301\u3061\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u906e\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fb9\u5e95\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u969b\u306b\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u300c\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u306b\u8003\u3048\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u300d\u300c\u5b66\u6821\u3067\u305d\u3046\u7fd2\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u78ba\u4fe1\u304c\u6e67\u3044\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u81ea\u899a\u7684\u300c\u8b66\u6212\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u300c\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u6765\u305f\u3082\u306e\u304b\u300d\u300c\u672c\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4f55\u884c\u76ee\u304b\u3089\u6765\u305f\u3082\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3092\u5cfb\u5225\u3059\u308b\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u30e2\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u672c\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u4e0a\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u305b\u305a\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u307f\u306b\u4f9d\u62e0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u5224\u660e\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u771f\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u56fd\u8a9e\u3084\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8aad\u89e3\u8a66\u9a13\u306f\u300c\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5e38\u8b58\u306e\u91cf\u300d\u3092\u6e2c\u308b\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u4e3b\u89b3\u3092\u6392\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u89e3\u8aad\u30fb\u6f14\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u5916\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u6301\u3061\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u89e3\u7b54\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u76ee\u6a19\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u9038\u8131\u3059\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u8a2d\u3051\u305f\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u81ea\u3089\u98db\u3073\u8fbc\u3080\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u306a\u7528\u8a9e\u3084\u80cc\u666f\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u306e\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u77e5\u8b58\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u5171\u901a\u4e86\u89e3\u307e\u3067\u3092\u904e\u5ea6\u306b\u906e\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5168\u4f53\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5206\u96e2\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u88dc\u5b8c\u3057\u5408\u3044\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u307f\u306b\u601d\u8003\u3092\u9650\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u305d\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u5168\u4f53\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3069\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3078\u3068\u9032\u3080\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Recent deep-space observations confirmed the presence of organic molecules in the tail of the distant comet.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Astronomical measurements have verified that carbon-based compounds exist within the trailing debris of the remote comet.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08deep-space observations&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;astronomical measurements, organic molecules&nbsp;$\\to$carbon-based compounds\uff09\u306e\u307f\u3092\u9589\u3058\u305f\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The pharmaceutical corporation allocated twenty million dollars to fund the research and development of the new antibiotic.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;A sum of twenty million dollars was designated by the drug company to support the R&amp;D of the novel antimicrobial agent.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u307f\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u547d\u984c\u306e\u540c\u5024\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u4e0b\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The rare tropical plant species secretes a unique chemical compound that deters herbivorous insects from feeding on its leaves.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The unique chemical compound produced by the rare plant has been successfully synthesized by scientists to create commercial eco-friendly pesticides.&#8221; \u2192 \u300c\u6606\u866b\u3092\u9060\u3056\u3051\u308b\u5929\u7136\u7269\u8cea\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u8fb2\u85ac\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u30fb\u6280\u8853\u7684\u306a\u9023\u60f3\uff08\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u88dc\u5b8c\uff09\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f\u5546\u696d\u5316\u3084\u8fb2\u85ac\uff08pesticides\uff09\u3078\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u306a\u3044\u3002\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u8a18\u8f09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The psychological experiment demonstrated that chronic sleep deprivation severely impairs an individual&#8217;s spatial reasoning abilities.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Persistent lack of sleep was shown by the psychological study to have a detrimental effect on a person&#8217;s capacity for spatial orientation.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u6839\u62e0\uff08chronic sleep deprivation&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;persistent lack of sleep, impairs spatial reasoning abilities&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;detrimental effect on capacity for spatial orientation\uff09\u306e\u307f\u306b\u4f9d\u62e0\u3057\u3066\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u5148\u5165\u89b3\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u906e\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9589\u3058\u305f\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3055\u305b\u308b\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u601d\u8003\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u5b8c\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16. \u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u3068\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u7167\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u5206\u6563\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6982\u5ff5\u3084\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\uff08\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7ba1\u7406\u30fb\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f\u300c\u6982\u5ff5A\u300d\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3068\u3001\u7b2c5\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u305f\u300c\u6982\u5ff5B\u300d\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\uff08\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u30fb\u6df7\u540c\uff09\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3084\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3068\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4f8b\u793a\u30fb\u8b72\u6b69\uff08\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u691c\u8a3c\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff11. \u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5c5e\u6027\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u3068\u6392\u9664<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u601d\u8003 vs \u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u578b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0 vs 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9577\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8cab\u304f\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\uff08\u6982\u5ff5A vs \u6982\u5ff5B\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u6574\u7406\uff08\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5A\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u6982\u5ff5A\u306b\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6982\u5ff5B\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u6df7\u5165\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u304c\u7570\u6982\u5ff5\u9593\u3067\u4ea4\u5dee\uff08\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\uff09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u5207\u308a\u5206\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6700\u3082\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u51e6\u7406\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u8aa4\u8aad\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8a3c\u62e0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6700\u3082\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u70b9\u6570\u5dee\u304c\u958b\u304f\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u5f8c\u534a\u3067\u300c\u6982\u5ff5A\u3068\u6982\u5ff5B\u306e\u7d71\u5408\uff08\u6b62\u63da\u30fb\u30a2\u30a6\u30d5\u30d8\u30fc\u30d9\u30f3\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8a66\u307f\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3092\u4f75\u305b\u6301\u3064\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6982\u5ff5\u547d\u984c\u304c\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u5909\u5bb9\u3092\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u691c\u8a3c\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u76f4\u7d50\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u3092\u8de8\u3044\u3060\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u3092\u62c5\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u96c6\u4e2d\u578b\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u7db2\u306f\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u767a\u96fb\u6240\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3001\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u9001\u96fb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u640d\u5931\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u62b1\u3048\u308b\u3002\uff08\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u5206\u6563\u578b\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u7db2\u306f\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3001\u5730\u57df\u306e\u9700\u8981\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u30d5\u30ec\u30ad\u30b7\u30d6\u30eb\u306a\u4f9b\u7d66\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Decentralized energy networks utilize local renewable sources to provide flexible power supply tailored to regional demand, unlike centralized systems that depend on large-scale power plants.&#8221; \u2192 \u6982\u5ff5A\uff08\u96c6\u4e2d\u578b\uff09\u3068\u6982\u5ff5B\uff08\u5206\u6563\u578b\uff09\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u3001&#8221;unlike&#8221; \u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5bfe\u6bd4\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4ea4\u53c9\u305b\u305a\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u5b9a\u5f62\u7684\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u6307\u5c0e\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u3059\u308b\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u8a9e\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u69cb\u6587\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u5b9a\u7740\u306b\u512a\u308c\u308b\u3002\uff08\u7b2c5\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30ab\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306a\u5bfe\u8a71\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u8a9e\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u3001\u5373\u8208\u7684\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u904b\u7528\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u5411\u4e0a\u3092\u4fc3\u3059\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Unlike traditional language instruction which focuses on structured grammar to build accurate syntactic knowledge, modern communicative approaches foster spontaneous language production.&#8221; \u2192 \u6982\u5ff5A\uff08\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\uff09\u3068\u6982\u5ff5B\uff08\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\uff09\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u30fb\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u7167\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u653e\u4efb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d4c\u6e08\u306f\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u8abf\u7bc0\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u4fe1\u3058\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u6291\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8ffd\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3002\uff08\u7b2c5\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30b1\u30a4\u30f3\u30ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d4c\u6e08\u306f\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u5931\u6557\u3092\u88dc\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306a\u8ca1\u653f\u51fa\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Classical laissez-faire economics advocates active government intervention through fiscal stimulus to correct market failures.&#8221; \u2192 \u53e4\u5178\u7684\u653e\u4efb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u6982\u5ff5A\uff09\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30b1\u30a4\u30f3\u30ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u6982\u5ff5B\uff09\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306a\u8ca1\u653f\u51fa\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u300d\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a18\u61b6\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u8cea\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u3084\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u6587\u8108\u306e\u6df1\u3044\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u3002\uff08\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306b\u3001\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3084\u6570\u5024\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u6cd5\u5247\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Qualitative research aims for a deep contextual understanding through descriptive data, whereas quantitative research seeks generalizable laws via statistical measurement.&#8221; \u2192 \u6982\u5ff5A\uff08\u8cea\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u3068\u6982\u5ff5B\uff08\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6574\u7406\u30fb\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u7570\u6982\u5ff5\u9593\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u9577\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u305f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u7f60\u3092\u6392\u6483\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff12. \u5c40\u6240\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5168\u4f53\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5206\u96e2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9577\u6587\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u541f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u304c\u3001\u300c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u3042\u308b1\u6587\uff08\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u30fb\u5f93\u5c5e\u7684\u547d\u984c\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u9593\u9055\u3044\u306a\u304f\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u547d\u984c\uff09\u3084\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3068\u7167\u3089\u3057\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3068\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u968e\u5c64\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5358\u306b\u672c\u6587\u3068\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9aa8\u683c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3069\u306e\u968e\u5c64\uff08\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e3b\u5f35\u304b\u3001\u4e0b\u4f4d\u306e\u8b72\u6b69\u30fb\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u304b\uff09\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3057\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u307f\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u691c\u8a3c\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305a\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u3082\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3044\u8ad6\u65e8\u304b\u300d\u300c\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u300d\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u968e\u5c64\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u300c\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08Main Claim\uff09\u300d\u300c\u6839\u62e0\uff08Reason\uff09\u300d\u300c\u8b72\u6b69\uff08Concession\uff09\u300d\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\uff08Illustration\uff09\u300d\u306e\u3069\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u300c\u5168\u4f53\u4e3b\u5f35\u300d\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u8ad6\u6575\u3078\u306e\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u914d\u616e\uff08\u8b72\u6b69\uff09\u3084\u5358\u306a\u308b1\u3064\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\uff08\u4e0b\u4f4d\u547d\u984c\uff09\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\uff1d\u4e0d\u9069\uff08\u507d\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u300c\u8981\u65e8\uff08\u9aa8\u683c\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u88dc\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u5831\uff08\u8089\u4ed8\u3051\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u51e6\u7406\uff08Hierarchical Processing\uff09\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u98db\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u6df7\u540c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u4f53\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u9ad8\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u771f\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u30ec\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\uff09\u3092\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u5fcd\u3070\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3060\u3051\u3067\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e3b\u5f35\u304b\u3089\u9664\u5916\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u771f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u898b\u6975\u3081\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u96c6\u7d04\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u6df1\u304f\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u540c\u5b9a\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6280\u8853\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u5229\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u502b\u7406\u7684\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3068\u601d\u8003\u529b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3092\u8b66\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d\u3067\uff09\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u7aef\u672b\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306f\u751f\u5f92\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u610f\u6b32\u3092\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u3002\uff08\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u601d\u8003\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u308b\u2026\uff09\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3067\u6700\u3082\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3044\u8ad6\u65e8\u306f\u4f55\u304b\uff09 &#8220;The integration of digital technology in education carries significant risks of hampering students&#8217; autonomous critical thinking, despite its temporary motivational benefits.&#8221; \u2192 \u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u8b72\u6b69\uff08\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u610f\u6b32\u5411\u4e0a\uff09\u3092\u4e0b\u4f4d\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u81ea\u767a\u601d\u8003\u3078\u306e\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\uff09\u3092\u4e0a\u4f4d\u547d\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u90fd\u5e02\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u306e\u4fdd\u5168\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u6027\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3064\u3064\u3001\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\uff09\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u3067\u306f\u7528\u5730\u78ba\u4fdd\u306e\u9ad8\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u65e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u3082\u306e\uff09 &#8220;Implementing green infrastructure in urban areas is essential for sustainable development, even though land acquisition costs present challenges.&#8221; \u2192 \u5c40\u6240\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\uff08\u571f\u5730\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\uff09\u3092\u8e0f\u307e\u3048\u3064\u3064\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6700\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u6027\uff09\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6697\u8a18\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u304b\u3089\u63a2\u7a76\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u3078\u306e\u6559\u80b2\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u5f37\u304f\u8a34\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u306e\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\uff09\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u6697\u8a18\u578b\u5b66\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u306a\u77e5\u8b58\u91cf\u3092\u77ed\u671f\u9593\u3067\u5927\u91cf\u306b\u84c4\u7a4d\u3055\u305b\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u672c\u7a3f\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304b\uff09 &#8220;Traditional memory-based learning offers high efficiency in building a large volume of foundational knowledge in a short period.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u6587\u8a00\uff08\u8b72\u6b69\u30fb\u524d\u63d0\uff09\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u300c\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u63a2\u7a76\u578b\u3078\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\uff09\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u53cd\u8ad6\u3078\u306e\u914d\u616e\uff08\u4e0b\u4f4d\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\uff08\u4e0d\u9069\uff09\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u306e\u7dca\u6025\u6027\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3064\u3064\uff09\u98a8\u529b\u767a\u96fb\u306f\u6c17\u8c61\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u51fa\u529b\u5909\u52d5\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u8ad6\u65e8\uff09 &#8220;Although technological hurdles like power fluctuation exist in wind energy, the transition to renewable energy remains an urgent priority.&#8221; \u2192 \u5c40\u6240\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\uff08\u51fa\u529b\u5909\u52d5\uff09\u3092\u4e0b\u4f4d\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3001\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u79fb\u884c\u306e\u7dca\u6025\u6027\uff09\u3092\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6574\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u300d\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u3092\u898b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u691c\u8a3c\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u5b8c\u7d50\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8003\u7a76:\u591a\u91cd\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u305f\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306e\u89e3\u660e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6700\u4e0a\u4f4d\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff08U-tier\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u541f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u3001\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u3068\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306e\u8aac\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u932f\u7d9c\u304c\u300c\u8907\u5408\u7684\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u5185\u306b\u7db2\u306e\u76ee\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u305f\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff08Boundary Cases\uff09\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u6975\u9650\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u539f\u7406\u3092\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7cf8\u53e3\u3092\u89e3\u304d\u307b\u3050\u3057\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u8003\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u591a\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u5165\u308c\u5b50\u72b6\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\uff08not impossible \u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\uff08unless, provided\uff09\u3084\u8b72\u6b69\u7bc0\uff08although\uff09\u304c\u591a\u91cd\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3068\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u304c\u91cd\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u4ea4\u932f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u30fb\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u76f8\uff08Polarity\uff09\u3068\u6210\u7acb\u9818\u57df\u3092\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u3092\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M17-\u7701\u7565\u30fb\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u3068\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u8aac\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u3068\u30e1\u30bf\u4e3b\u5f35]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08Author&#8217;s View\uff09\u3068\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306e\u8aac\uff08Critics\/Proponents&#8217; View\uff09\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e00\u822c\u8ad6\uff08Common Belief\uff09\u304c\u6df7\u5728\u3059\u308b\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u300c\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08\u8ab0\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u304b\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u8a55\u4fa1\uff08\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\/\u6279\u5224\u7684\/\u4e2d\u7acb\uff09\u300d\u3092\u4e8c\u6b21\u5143\u30de\u30c8\u30ea\u30af\u30b9\u3067\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M23-\u63a8\u8ad6\u3068\u542b\u610f\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M17-\u7701\u7565\u30fb\u5012\u7f6e\u30fb\u5f37\u8abf\u3068\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u8907\u96d1\u306b\u6298\u308a\u91cd\u306a\u3063\u305f\u7279\u6b8a\u69cb\u6587\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M23-\u63a8\u8ad6\u3068\u542b\u610f\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u7b46\u8005\u3068\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u304c\u932f\u7d9c\u3059\u308b\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5404\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3092\u7cbe\u7dfb\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u8907\u5408\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u591a\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u771f\u507d\u691c\u8a3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u304c\u8907\u6570\u91cd\u306a\u3063\u305f\u300c\u5165\u308c\u5b50\u69cb\u9020\uff08Nested Structure\uff09\u300d\u3084\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u304c\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u305f\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u8ffd\u3046\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u6b63\u8ca0\u304c\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u304d\u307b\u3050\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u78ba\u5b9f\u3055\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u6280\u6cd5\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u306e\u5165\u308c\u5b50\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u89e3\u304d\u307b\u3050\u3057<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u300c\u301c\u3067\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u2026\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3048\u306a\u3044\uff08Unless A, it is not impossible that B\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u304c\u91cd\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u3055\u3063\u305f\u8907\u96d1\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u601d\u8003\u505c\u6b62\u306b\u9665\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u6700\u3082\u5185\u5074\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304b\u3089\u9806\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u89e3\u9664\uff08\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\uff09\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u80af\u5b9a\u30fb\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u984c\u3078\u3068\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306b\u7f6e\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u89e3\u304d\u307b\u3050\u3057\u624b\u9806\u306e\u9069\u7528\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002&#8221;Unless A&#8221; \u306f &#8220;If not A&#8221; \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001&#8221;not impossible&#8221; \u306f &#8220;possible&#8221; \u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306f\u300cIf not A, it is possible that B\uff08\u3082\u3057A\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001B\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3078\u3068\u9084\u5143\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u6587\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3054\u3068\u306b\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\uff08Unless A \/ Provided that B\uff09\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u300c\u3082\u3057\u301c\u306a\u3089\u300d\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u30fb\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u5f62\u306b\u63c3\u3048\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u3001\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\uff08not unlikely, not without, fail to disprove \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u76f8\u6bba\u3057\u3066\u80af\u5b9a\u5f62\uff08likely, with, prove\uff09\u3078\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u3001\u9084\u5143\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u984c\uff08$A \\to B$\uff09\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5305\u542b\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7b97\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u601d\u8003\u529b\u3092\u6975\u9650\u307e\u3067\u8a66\u3059\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u69cb\u6587\u306e\u932f\u7d9c\u304c\u5468\u5230\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u91cd\u306d\u639b\u3051\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u9aa8\u683c\uff08Boolean Logic\uff09\u3078\u3068\u9084\u5143\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u5b66\u8853\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u80af\u5b9a\uff08100%\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5a49\u66f2\u7684\u306a\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u8868\u73fe\uff08e.g., &#8220;not bad&#8221; \uff1d &#8220;fairly good, but not great&#8221;\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5358\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u540c\u58eb\u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u5f37\u8abf\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u306b\u30ba\u30ec\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u9650\u5b9a\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3092\u591a\u91cd\u69cb\u9020\u3078\u3068\u62e1\u5f35\u30fb\u6df1\u5316\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The regulatory board will not grant approval for the clinical trial unless the research team provides conclusive data demonstrating that adverse effects are not significantly more frequent than in standard treatments.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Provided that the research team produces definitive evidence showing that side effects do not substantially exceed those of conventional therapies, the regulatory board may consider approving the clinical trial.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u30fb\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a &#8220;will not grant&#8230; unless&#8230; not significantly more frequent&#8221;\uff08\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u304c\u5f93\u6765\u6cbb\u7642\u3088\u308a\u6709\u610f\u306b\u983b\u767a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u5341\u5206\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u627f\u8a8d\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308c\u3070\u627f\u8a8d\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Provided that&#8230; do not substantially exceed, the board may consider approving&#8221;\uff08\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u4e0a\u56de\u3089\u306a\u3044\u8a3c\u62e0\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u627f\u8a8d\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u9084\u5143\u30fb\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;It is not unfeasible that the ancient inhabitants possessed sophisticated metallurgical skills, given that archaeological sites have yielded artifacts that could not have been produced without high-temperature furnaces.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The discovery of artifacts requiring high-temperature furnaces during production suggests the possibility that early residents developed advanced metalworking techniques.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;not unfeasible&#8221;\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073 &#8220;could not&#8230; without&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u306a\u3057\u306b\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff1d\u301c\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u91cd\u5c64\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u304d\u307b\u3050\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u9ad8\u6e29\u7089\u3092\u8981\u3059\u308b\u907a\u7269\u306e\u767a\u898b\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u91d1\u5c5e\u52a0\u5de5\u6280\u8853\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u9084\u5143\u30fb\u4e00\u81f4\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Unless the company fails to secure additional venture capital, it is not unlikely that the new product line will be launched before the end of the fiscal year.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;If the firm successfully obtains further venture capital, it is virtually impossible for the new product line to be introduced prior to the fiscal year&#8217;s conclusion.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;Unless fails to secure&#8230; not unlikely&#8221;\uff08\u8cc7\u672c\u78ba\u4fdd\u306b\u5931\u6557\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\uff1d\u6210\u529f\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u65b0\u88fd\u54c1\u6295\u5165\u306f\u3042\u308a\u305d\u3046\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u6295\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u8cc7\u672c\u78ba\u4fdd\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6295\u5165\u306f\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08virtually impossible\uff09\u300d\u3068\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u547d\u984c\u306e\u6b63\u8ca0\u3092\u771f\u9006\u306b\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u591a\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u932f\u7d9c\u306b\u4e57\u3058\u305f\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u89e3\u304d\u307b\u3050\u3057\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Researchers cannot rule out the hypothesis that the genetic mutation confers immunity, given that none of the infected subjects without the mutation survived.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The fact that no infected individuals lacking the mutation survived leaves open the possibility that the genetic alteration provides protection against the disease.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;cannot rule out&#8230; given that none&#8230; without&#8230; survived&#8221;\uff08\u5909\u7570\u306e\u306a\u3044\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u304c\u8ab0\u3082\u751f\u5b58\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5909\u7570\u304c\u514d\u75ab\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\uff1d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;leaves open the possibility that the alteration provides protection&#8221; \u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u540c\u5024\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u6298\u308c\u66f2\u304c\u3063\u305f\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u306e\u91cd\u306a\u308a\u3092\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u89e3\u304d\u307b\u3050\u3057\u3001\u660e\u89e3\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u547d\u984c\u3078\u3068\u9084\u5143\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u7834\u7815\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c\u3068\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u8907\u5408\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u7834\u7815<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u5de7\u5999\u306a\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u3001\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\uff08\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u300c\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\uff08\u301c\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u300d\u304c\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4e3b\u7bc0\uff08\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u306b\u3082\u5225\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u304c\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8907\u5408\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u300c\u3082\u3057\u301c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u2026\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u907f\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u524d\u63d0\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u304c\u4e8c\u91cd\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u6027\u3092\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u65ad\u5b9a\u3078\u3068\u5909\u5bb9\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305a\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\uff08$P$\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206\uff08$Q$\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\uff08\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u30fb\u78ba\u7387\uff09\u3092\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c1\u306b\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u304c\u300c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300c\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u306a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08If&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;is likely\uff09\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c2\u306b\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff08may, will, must\uff09\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c3\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u6761\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206&nbsp;$P$&nbsp;\u306e\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u3092\u8131\u843d\u3055\u305b\u3066\u65ad\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206&nbsp;$Q$&nbsp;\u306e\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u7db2\u3067\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u3092\u6271\u3046\u5b66\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u3084\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u3044\u3002\u524d\u63d0\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u300c\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3001\u2026\u306b\u306a\u308b\u300d\u3068\u65ad\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u4e88\u6e2c\u306e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u305d\u306e\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u8aad\u307f\u5206\u3051\u304c\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u8a66\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u524d\u63d0\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff08e.g., &#8220;if we assume that P is probable&#8221;\uff09\u304c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4eee\u5b9a\u306e\u63d0\u793a\uff08\u601d\u8003\u5b9f\u9a13\uff09\u306b\u904e\u304e\u305a\u3001\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u306f\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306b\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u6027\u3092\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u67d4\u8edf\u3055\u3082\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u7b97\u5b9a\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c\u691c\u8a3c\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3092\u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u3067\u878d\u5408\u3055\u305b\u305f\u904b\u7528\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u540c\u6642\u4e26\u884c\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;If climate models accurately predict a significant rise in sea levels, low-lying coastal infrastructure may require extensive reinforcement within the next few decades.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;On the condition that climate projections correctly forecast a substantial increase in sea levels, it is possible that coastal structures in low-altitude areas will need major reinforcement over the coming decades.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3 &#8220;If&#8230; accurately predict&#8221;\uff08\u3082\u3057\u301c\u304c\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\uff09\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3 &#8220;may require&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\uff09\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08&#8221;On the condition that&#8230; correctly forecast&#8221; \/ &#8220;it is possible that&#8230; will need&#8221;\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4fdd\u3063\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Should further geological surveys confirm the presence of rare earth elements in the region, local mining operations could potentially become economically viable.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;In the event that additional geological assessments verify the existence of rare earth minerals in the area, there is a possibility that regional mining activities might achieve economic feasibility.&#8221; \u2192 \u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\uff08Should&#8230; confirm \uff1d \u3082\u3057\u301c\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308c\u3070\uff09\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08could potentially \uff1d \u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306b\u301c\u3068\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u308b\uff09\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08&#8221;In the event that&#8230; verify&#8221; \/ &#8220;there is a possibility that&#8230; might&#8221;\uff09\u3068\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;If the newly developed algorithm happens to reduce computational processing time by half, it might revolutionize data analysis in astronomy.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Because the newly developed algorithm reduces computational processing time by fifty percent, it will inevitably transform data analysis in astronomy.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u6761\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u3092 &#8220;If&#8230; happens to reduce&#8221;\uff08\u4eee\u306b\u301c\u3092\u534a\u6e1b\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff09\u3068\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u4eee\u5b9a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u3082 &#8220;might revolutionize&#8221;\uff08\u9769\u65b0\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u6761\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u3092 &#8220;Because&#8230; reduces&#8221;\uff08\u534a\u6e1b\u3055\u305b\u305f\u306e\u3067\uff1d\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff09\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u306b\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u3082 &#8220;will inevitably transform&#8221;\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u306b\u9769\u65b0\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u65ad\u5b9a\u3078\u3068\u4e8c\u91cd\u306b\u6b6a\u66f2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Provided that the economic policy succeeds in suppressing inflation, the central bank is likely to maintain interest rates at their current level.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Assuming the economic strategy proves effective in curbing inflation, it is probable that the central bank will keep interest rates unchanged.&#8221; \u2192 \u6761\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\uff08Provided that&#8230; succeeds\uff09\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\uff08is likely to \uff1d \u301c\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\uff09\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08&#8221;Assuming&#8230; proves effective&#8221; \/ &#8220;it is probable that&#8230; will keep&#8221;\uff09\u3068\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u3068\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u30fb\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8907\u5408\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7834\u7815\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u306e\u89e3\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u672c\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08Abstract Claim\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u88dc\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08Concrete Illustration\uff09\u300d\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3084\u306d\u3058\u308c\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u5c55\u958b\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306e\u8aac\u300d\u3092\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3092\u507d\u308b\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u308b\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3001\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3092\u591a\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u8003\u7a76\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u62bd\u8c61\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306d\u3058\u308c\u306e\u691c\u51fa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u53cd\u4f8b\u3084\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u306a\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u3092\u3042\u3048\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u5305\u542b\u30fb\u514b\u670d\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u3067\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6&nbsp;$A&#8217;$&nbsp;\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8ad6\u5c55\u958b\uff08\u5f01\u8a3c\u6cd5\u7684\u5c55\u958b\u3084\u8b72\u6b69\u5c55\u958b\uff09\u304c\u3088\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3060\u3051\u3092\u5207\u308a\u53d6\u308b\u3068\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;$A$\u3068\u306f\u9006\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\uff08\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306d\u3058\u308c\uff09\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u3053\u306e\u4e0b\u4f4d\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u3092\u3042\u305f\u304b\u3082\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7d50\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3068\u62bd\u8c61\u547d\u984c\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305a\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u547d\u984c\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u547d\u984c\uff08\u7d20\u6750\u30fb\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff09\u300d\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c1\u306b\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u304c\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u3092\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u88dc\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u300c\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u4f8b\u5916\u30fb\u53cd\u5bfe\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8b72\u6b69\u306e\u4f8b\u300d\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c2\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b&nbsp;$B$\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u6839\u62e0\u306b\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;$A$&nbsp;\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b&nbsp;$B$&nbsp;\u3092\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u306e\u306d\u3058\u308c\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u304d\u307b\u3050\u3057\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u5b66\u8853\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u53cd\u8ad6\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u4f8b\u5916\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3092\u8003\u5bdf\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u5805\u7262\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u624b\u6cd5\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u306d\u3058\u308c\u3092\u898b\u629c\u3051\u305a\u306b\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8ad6\u6587\u89e3\u8aad\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u8aad\u3092\u62db\u304f\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u4e0d\u660e\u77ad\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u5074\u306b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u771f\u610f\uff08\u6bd4\u55a9\u3084\u30e1\u30bf\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\uff09\u304c\u6fc3\u7e2e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30eb\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u62bd\u8c61\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u306e\u91cd\u307f\u3092\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5168\u4f53\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u5206\u96e2\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3068\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3055\u305b\u3066\u6df1\u5316\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u7fd2\u5f97\u306f\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u306e\u307f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u884c\u52d5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u5e83\u304f\u652f\u6301\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\uff08\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u5165\u529b\u304b\u3089\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6587\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u4f8b\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u4f8bB\uff09\u306f\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u751f\u5f97\u7684\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u7372\u5f97\u88c5\u7f6e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35A&#8217;\uff09\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The observation of children generating complex grammatical structures from limited input serves as evidence that environmental exposure alone cannot fully account for language acquisition.&#8221; \u2192 \u5177\u4f53\u4f8bB\uff08\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u751f\u6210\uff09\u304c\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8ad6A\uff08\u884c\u52d5\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff09\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35A&#8217;\uff08\u751f\u5f97\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u306e\u5b58\u5728\/\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u307f\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u3092\u88dc\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u52b9\u7387\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\uff08\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u3060\u304c\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6025\u901f\u306a\u5e02\u5834\u958b\u653e\u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5730\u5834\u7523\u696d\u3092\u58ca\u6ec5\u3055\u305b\u305f\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u4f8bB\uff09\u306f\u3001\u898f\u5236\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u64a4\u5ec3\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35A&#8217;\uff09\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The collapse of domestic industries in developing nations following swift market liberalization illustrates the necessity of implementing a gradual approach to deregulation.&#8221; \u2192 \u5177\u4f53\u4f8bB\uff08\u5730\u5834\u7523\u696d\u306e\u58ca\u6ec5\uff09\u3068\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35A&#8217;\uff08\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u64a4\u5ec3\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff09\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306d\u3058\u308c\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6349\u3048\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5e02\u5834\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u52b9\u7387\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\uff08\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u3060\u304c\u3001\u767a\u5c55\u9014\u4e0a\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6025\u901f\u306a\u5e02\u5834\u958b\u653e\u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5730\u5834\u7523\u696d\u3092\u58ca\u6ec5\u3055\u305b\u305f\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u4f8bB\uff09\u306f\u3001\u898f\u5236\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u64a4\u5ec3\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35A&#8217;\uff09\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u3082\u306e\uff09 &#8220;Rapid market liberalization is the most effective economic policy for promoting the growth of domestic industries in developing countries.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u3067\u6279\u5224\u7684\u691c\u8a0e\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u30fb\u53cd\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff08\u5e02\u5834\u958b\u653e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f0a\u5bb3\uff09\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u5426\u5b9a\u30fb\u4fee\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u308b\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u5e02\u5834\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u52b9\u679c\uff09\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u53cd\u4f8b\u306e\u306d\u3058\u308c\u3092\u898b\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u8aa4\u5224\u5225\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u6280\u8853\u9769\u65b0\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u96c7\u7528\u306e\u55aa\u5931\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3068\u5371\u60e7\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\uff08\u7b2c5\u6bb5\u843d\uff09\u3057\u304b\u3057\u300119\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u7523\u696d\u9769\u547d\u671f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u81ea\u52d5\u7e54\u6a5f\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u4f8b\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u4f8bB\uff09\u304c\u793a\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u8077\u306e\u55aa\u5931\u306f\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7523\u696d\u90e8\u9580\u306e\u96c7\u7528\u5275\u51fa\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u76f8\u6bba\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35A&#8217;\uff09\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Historical evidence from the Industrial Revolution demonstrates that initial job displacement caused by technological innovation was ultimately offset by the creation of new employment sectors.&#8221; \u2192 \u5177\u4f53\u4f8bB\uff08\u81ea\u52d5\u7e54\u6a5f\uff09\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3b\u5f35A&#8217;\uff08\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u96c7\u7528\u306e\u76f8\u6bba\uff09\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u7406\u8ad6\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306d\u3058\u308c\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5206\u6790\u30fb\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u653b\u7565\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u5f15\u7528\u30fb\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u8aac\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u306e\u591a\u5c64\u7684\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u898b\u89e3\uff08Author&#8217;s Position\uff09\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5b66\u8aac\u3001\u5bfe\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u6279\u5224\u8005\u306e\u8aac\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e16\u9593\u306e\u901a\u5ff5\uff08Third-Party Views\uff09\u304c\u591a\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u5f15\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005A\u306e\u8aac\uff08\u8aacA\uff09\u300d\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005B\u306e\u6279\u5224\uff08\u8aacB\uff09\u300d\u300c\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u8aac\uff09\u300d\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u5185\u3067\u4ea4\u932f\u3059\u308b\u6587\u8108\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306e\u8aac\u3092\u3042\u305f\u304b\u3082\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8aac\u3092\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3092\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u4e0d\u5f53\u80a2\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u30fb\u898b\u89e3\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u300c\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\uff08Attribution: \u8ab0\u304c\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\uff08Attitude: \u80af\u5b9a\/\u5426\u5b9a\/\u4e2d\u7acb\uff09\u300d\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u30bf\u30b0\u4ed8\u3051\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c1\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c &#8220;The author claims&#8230;&#8221; \u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u30bf\u30b0\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c2\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3067\u300c\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53e4\u3044\u5b66\u8aac\u300d\u3084\u300c\u5f15\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u300d\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff08Attribution Mismatch\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\uff09\u3068\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u65b0\u898f\u306a\u8ca2\u732e\uff08\u81ea\u5df1\u8aac\uff09\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\uff08Academic Integrity\uff09\u306e\u6839\u5e79\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u3092\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u6df7\u540c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u30e1\u30bf\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5168\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6700\u3082\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u8aac\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5168\u9762\u7684\u306b\u540c\u610f\u30fb\u5171\u611f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08e.g., &#8220;As Smith brilliantly points out&#8230;&#8221;\uff09\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u8aac\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u540c\u5024\u306b\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\uff08Politer\/Evaluative Words\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u4e3b\u8f9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8f9e\u306e\u6210\u5206\u5206\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u3001\u4e3b\u8f9e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u767a\u8a71\u30fb\u601d\u8003\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08Source\uff09\u300d\u306e\u7167\u5408\u306b\u7279\u5316\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Traditional historians argued that the fall of the empire was caused solely by external barbarian invasions. However, modern scholarship, supported by the author&#8217;s recent findings, demonstrates that internal economic decay was the primary factor.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The author agrees with modern scholarship in asserting that internal economic deterioration played a more decisive role in the empire&#8217;s collapse than external invasions.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u6b74\u53f2\u5bb6 \uff1d \u5916\u90e8\u4fb5\u5165\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u7814\u7a76\uff0b\u7b46\u8005 \uff1d \u5185\u90e8\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u8870\u9000\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3078\u306e\u540c\u610f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Critics contend that the new urban policy will exacerbate social segregation, but proponents maintain that it will revitalize impoverished neighborhoods. The author&#8217;s analysis suggests that while both sides have valid points, the policy&#8217;s success ultimately depends on implementation.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The author adopts a nuanced position, suggesting that the ultimate outcome of the urban policy hinges on execution rather than fully endorsing either the critics&#8217; or proponents&#8217; arguments.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u591a\u5c64\u7684\u5e30\u5c5e\uff08\u6279\u5224\u8005 \uff1d \u5206\u65ad\u60aa\u5316\u3001\u63a8\u9032\u8005 \uff1d \u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3001\u7b46\u8005 \uff1d \u57f7\u884c\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e2d\u7acb\u30fb\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff09\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u7b46\u8005\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Early behaviorists asserted that human learning is entirely governed by external conditioning, a view that the author strongly rejects in light of cognitive research.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The author asserts that human learning is exclusively determined by external conditioning mechanisms.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306f\u300c\u521d\u671f\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff08Early behaviorists\uff09\u300d\u306e\u8aac\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u3051\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u300c\u5f37\u304f\u62d2\u7d76\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08strongly rejects\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u62d2\u7d76\u3055\u308c\u305f\u521d\u671f\u884c\u52d5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u306e\u8aac\u3092\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08The author asserts\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6587\u8a00\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;While conventional wisdom holds that technological automation inevitably leads to widespread unemployment, recent empirical studies cited by the author indicate that it often creates new specialized job categories.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;According to the empirical studies referenced by the writer, technological automation frequently results in the emergence of novel specialized employment opportunities.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u5e30\u5c5e\uff08\u901a\u5ff5 \uff1d \u5931\u696d\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u5f15\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u8a3c\u7814\u7a76 \uff1d \u65b0\u8077\u7a2e\u306e\u5275\u51fa\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u305f\u5b9f\u8a3c\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u300d\u3068\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u591a\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u8aac\u3084\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u300c\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u300d\u3068\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u300d\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u30fb\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5e30\u5c5e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u5b8c\u74a7\u306b\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3068\u547d\u984c\u9069\u5408\u6027\u306e\u4ea4\u5dee\u691c\u8a3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u7b54\u7b97\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u300c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u672c\u6587\u9069\u5408\u6027\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7e26\u306e\u8ef8\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u554f\u3044\u30fb\u8981\u6c42\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7b54\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\u9069\u5408\u6027\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6a2a\u306e\u8ef8\u3092\u4ea4\u5dee\u3055\u305b\u3066\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\uff08Cross-Verification\uff09\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u304b\u3064\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u5c0b\u306d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u300c\u7406\u7531\u300d\u3092\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3068\u565b\u307f\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\uff08\u4e0d\u89e3\uff09\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u5c40\u6240\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3068\u5168\u4f53\u8981\u65e8\u306e\u4e56\u96e2\u306e\u691c\u77e5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u300c\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8981\u65e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3092\u9078\u3079\u300d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3044\u8003\u3048\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u300d\u3068\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u3084\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u300c100%\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08Local Fact\uff09\u300d\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f1\u306e\u72c2\u3044\u3082\u306a\u304f\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u300c\u5168\u4f53\u8981\u65e8\uff08Global Thesis\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8981\u6c42\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u300c\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u3059\u304e\u308b\uff08\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\uff09\u300d\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b63\u89e3\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff09\u3068\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u8981\u65e8\u306e\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u9069\u5408\u6027\uff09\u306e\u4e56\u96e2\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u30fb\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u307e\u305a\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30f3\u30d7\u30c8\uff09\u3092\u300c\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8a2d\u554f\uff08\u8981\u65e8\u30fb\u4e3b\u5f35\u30fb\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u8a2d\u554f\uff08\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u30fb\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u30fb\u7a7a\u6b04\uff09\u300d\u306b\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u300c\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8a2d\u554f\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u300c\u6bb5\u843d\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u300d\u306b\u7559\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u7db2\u7f85\u3059\u308b\u7dcf\u62ec\u7684\u547d\u984c\u300d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u6709\u7121\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\uff08\u4e0d\u9069\uff09\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u9aa8\u683c\uff09\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u8089\u4ed8\u3051\uff09\u306e\u533a\u5225\u304c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u3066\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8981\u65e8\u3092\u898b\u5931\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u8996\u91ce\u72ed\u7a84\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5165\u8a66\u3067\u3082\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306e\u300c\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u7d71\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3053\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u5468\u5230\u306b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u8981\u65e8\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a1\u3064\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u30fb\u30a8\u30d4\u30bd\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u96c6\u7d04\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u4e00\u898b\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8981\u65e8\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u96c6\u7d04\u5ea6\uff08Informativeness\uff09\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u96c6\u7d04\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u76f4\u7d50\u3057\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u5217\u6319\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u601d\u8003\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3001\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u4fdd\u5168\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u751f\u5b58\u57fa\u76e4\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9014\u4e2d\u306e\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\uff09\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u71b1\u5e2f\u96e8\u6797\u306e\u7834\u58ca\u306f\u5e74\u9593\u6570\u5343\u7a2e\u306e\u6606\u866b\u306e\u7d76\u6ec5\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8981\u65e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u3082\u306e\uff09 &#8220;Preserving global biodiversity is essential for safeguarding the fundamental ecological systems that support human survival.&#8221; \u2192 \u672c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u7db2\u7f85\u3059\u308b\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u4e0a\u4f4d\u547d\u984c\uff08\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u4fdd\u5168\u3068\u4eba\u9593\u751f\u5b58\u57fa\u76e4\u306e\u7dad\u6301\uff09\u3092\u6349\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8981\u6c42\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u6d88\u6ec5\u304c\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u77e5\u6075\u306e\u55aa\u5931\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u304c\u7dca\u6025\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\uff09\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u7d047,000\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u534a\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u4eca\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u307e\u3067\u306b\u6d88\u6ec5\u3059\u308b\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u7015\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u3082\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3044\u8003\u3048\u306f\u4f55\u304b\uff09 &#8220;Protecting endangered languages is an urgent imperative because the extinction of a language results in the irreplaceable loss of human cultural wisdom.&#8221; \u2192 \u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u8a00\u8a9e\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u7dca\u6025\u6027\u3068\u6587\u5316\u7684\u77e5\u6075\u306e\u4fdd\u5168\uff09\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u6d88\u6ec5\u304c\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u77e5\u6075\u306e\u55aa\u5931\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u304c\u7dca\u6025\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\uff09\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u7d047,000\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u534a\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u4eca\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u307e\u3067\u306b\u6d88\u6ec5\u3059\u308b\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u7015\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6700\u3082\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3044\u8003\u3048\u306f\u4f55\u304b\uff09 &#8220;More than half of the world&#8217;s approximately 7,000 existing languages are at risk of disappearing by the end of this century.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff087,000\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u3046\u3061\u534a\u6570\u304c\u6d88\u6ec5\u5371\u6a5f\uff09\u3068100%\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u300c\u6700\u3082\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3044\u8003\u3048\uff08\u8a00\u8a9e\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u80cc\u666f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff09\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u8aa4\u5224\u5225\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u8981\u6c42\u3068\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u4e56\u96e2\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\uff08\u4e0d\u9069\uff09\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587\u300c\uff08\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u63a2\u67fb\u306e\u4e3b\u305f\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u5730\u7403\u5916\u751f\u547d\u306e\u767a\u898b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u3068\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\uff09\u706b\u661f\u63a2\u67fb\u8eca\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u6c34\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u305f\u75d5\u8de1\u3092\u793a\u3059\u5ca9\u77f3\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u3092\u63a1\u53d6\u3057\u305f\u3002\u300d \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8981\u65e8\uff09 &#8220;The fundamental value of space exploration lies in advancing our understanding of Earth&#8217;s origin and environmental evolution rather than merely searching for extraterrestrial life.&#8221; \u2192 \u5c40\u6240\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u706b\u661f\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8981\u65e8\uff08\u5730\u7403\u7406\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5b87\u5b99\u63a2\u67fb\uff09\u3092\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u968e\u5c64\u6027\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u4ea4\u5dee\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8981\u65e8\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7f60\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u610f\u56f3\uff09\u3068\u547d\u984c\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6574\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u9078\u629e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u300c\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u306a\u3069\uff09\u300d\u3068\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u3078\u306e\u9069\u5408\u6027\uff08Prompt Alignment\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u300c\u306a\u305c\u7b46\u8005\u306fX\u3068\u3044\u3046\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u3068\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\uff08\u7406\u7531\u30fb\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u8981\u6c42\uff09\u300d\u3068\u5c0b\u306d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u300cX\u3068\u3044\u3046\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u3068\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001Y\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6210\u679c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\uff08\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u300c\u7406\u7531\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u7834\u7dbb\uff08\u4e0d\u89e3\uff09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3078\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u541f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u307e\u305a\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u6587\uff08\u30d7\u30ed\u30f3\u30d7\u30c8\uff09\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u300c\u8981\u6c42\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u8a9e\uff08Why, How, What, Condition, Result, Difference\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5186\u3067\u56f2\u307f\u3001\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\uff08\u539f\u56e0\u304b\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u304b\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u304b\u3001\u5dee\u5206\u304b\uff09\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\uff08\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u304c\u300c\u539f\u56e0\uff08Why\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u304c\u300c\u7d50\u679c\uff08Effect\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u624b\u6bb5\uff08How\uff09\u300d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3082\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u610f\u56f3\u3078\u306e\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\uff08\u4e0d\u89e3\uff09\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u5bfe\u8a71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u9762\u304b\u3089\u7b54\u3048\u308b\uff08Direct Answer\uff09\u300d\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u601d\u8003\u306e\u6700\u6839\u672c\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u554f\u308f\u308c\u305f\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u8a71\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u5d29\u58ca\u3055\u305b\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u300c\u554f\u984c\u306e\u6307\u793a\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3067\u56de\u7b54\u3092\u51fa\u529b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30e1\u30bf\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u300c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08How\uff09\u300d\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u300c\u539f\u56e0\uff08Why\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08e.g., &#8220;By doing X, they caused Y&#8221;\uff09\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u8a9e\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u624b\u6bb5\u306e\u4ea4\u5dee\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3066\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u539f\u7406\u306f\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3068\u76f4\u7d50\u3057\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u554f\u3044\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The company decided to shift its manufacturing operations abroad primarily because local labor costs had escalated dramatically, making domestic production unprofitable.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u306a\u305c\u305d\u306e\u4f01\u696d\u306f\u88fd\u9020\u62e0\u70b9\u3092\u6d77\u5916\u306b\u79fb\u8ee2\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b\uff1f\uff09 &#8220;The firm chose to relocate its production facilities overseas mainly due to the sharp rise in domestic labor expenses that rendered local manufacturing financially unviable.&#8221; \u2192 \u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u300c\u7406\u7531\uff08Why\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3082 &#8220;due to the sharp rise in domestic labor expenses&#8221;\uff08\u56fd\u5185\u4eba\u4ef6\u8cbb\u306e\u6025\u5897\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff09\u3068\u300c\u7406\u7531\u300d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3067\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7b54\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3082\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;By implementing an advanced satellite monitoring system, meteorologists were able to predict the hurricane&#8217;s landfall trajectory with unprecedented accuracy.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u6c17\u8c61\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u30cf\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u9032\u8def\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4e88\u6e2c\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b\uff1f\uff09 &#8220;Meteorologists achieved high precision in forecasting the hurricane&#8217;s path through the deployment of a sophisticated satellite tracking system.&#8221; \u2192 \u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u300c\u624b\u6bb5\u30fb\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08How\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;through the deployment of a sophisticated satellite system&#8221;\uff08\u5148\u9032\u7684\u885b\u661f\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\uff09\u3068\u300c\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3067\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The company decided to shift its manufacturing operations abroad primarily because local labor costs had escalated dramatically. As a result, the firm suffered a temporary decline in product quality and faced backlash from domestic trade unions.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u306a\u305c\u305d\u306e\u4f01\u696d\u306f\u88fd\u9020\u62e0\u70b9\u3092\u6d77\u5916\u306b\u79fb\u8ee2\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b\uff1f\uff09 &#8220;The relocation of manufacturing operations overseas caused the company to experience a short-term drop in product quality and encounter severe criticism from local labor unions.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\uff08\u79fb\u8ee2\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u4e8b\u614b\uff09\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306f\u300c\u79fb\u8ee2\u3057\u305f\u7406\u7531\uff08Why\uff09\u300d\u3092\u5c0b\u306d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u79fb\u8ee2\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\uff08Effect\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u8aa4\u5224\u5225\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u8981\u6c42\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3068\u306e\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\uff08\u7406\u7531\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u300c\u507d\uff08\u4e0d\u9069\uff09\u300d\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4fee\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b4: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The government enacted the conservation law in order to protect endangered wetland habitats from urban commercial development.&#8221; \u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\uff1a\u305d\u306e\u4fdd\u5168\u6cd5\u304c\u5236\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u4f55\u304b\uff1f\uff09 &#8220;The primary objective of passing the conservation legislation was to shield threatened wetland ecosystems from the expansion of commercial urban development.&#8221; \u2192 \u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u300c\u76ee\u7684\uff08Purpose\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The primary objective&#8230; was to shield threatened ecosystems&#8221;\uff08\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\uff09\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4e00\u81f4\u3055\u305b\u3066\u7b54\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f\u30d7\u30ed\u30f3\u30d7\u30c8\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\uff08\u7406\u7531\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u76ee\u7684\uff09\u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3092\u4ea4\u5dee\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u4e57\u3058\u305f\u8a2d\u554f\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u5b8c\u819a\u306a\u304d\u307e\u3067\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7cbe\u9ac4:\u521d\u898b\u306e\u6975\u9650\u72b6\u6cc1\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9ad8\u901f\u30fb\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u691c\u8a3c\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u904e\u9177\u306a\u6642\u9593\u5236\u7d04\u3068\u5f37\u3044\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5727\u529b\u304c\u306e\u3057\u304b\u304b\u308b\u6975\u9650\u72b6\u6cc1\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7fa4\u3092\u524d\u306b\u3057\u3066\u601d\u8003\u3092\u8ff7\u308f\u305b\u308b\u4f59\u5730\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u4fee\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u300c\u8996\u5ea7\u300d\u300c\u539f\u7406\u300d\u300c\u8003\u7a76\u300d\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u601d\u8003\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u6975\u9650\u307e\u3067\u6d17\u7df4\u3055\u305b\u3001\u7121\u99c4\u306a\u8a66\u884c\u932f\u8aa4\u3092\u4e00\u5207\u6392\u3057\u305f\u300c\u9ad8\u901f\u30fb\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u691c\u8a3c\u4f53\u7cfb\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u30fb\u8eab\u4f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u52dd\u6557\u3092\u5206\u3051\u308b\u7cbe\u9ac4\uff08Essence\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u5c64\u3067\u306f\u3001\u521d\u898b\u306e\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u578b\u3092\u9006\u7b97\u3057\u3001\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u3079\u304d\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u3078\u6700\u77ed\u8ddd\u96e2\u3067\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u3092\u7b97\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u904b\u7528\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u524d\u63d0\u77e5\u8b58\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u8ad6\u7406\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u578b\u3068\u9006\u7b97\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u9006\u8ee2\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u6b6a\u66f2\u3001\u5e30\u5c5e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u300c\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u578b\u300d\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u3084\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u3069\u306e\u578b\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u9006\u7b97\uff08\u540c\u5b9a\uff09\u3057\u3001\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u3079\u304d\u672c\u6587\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M28-\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\u3068\u6d88\u53bb\u306e\u8ad6\u7406]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3068\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u7d71\u5408]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u304b\u3089\u6b63\u7b54\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u300c\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\uff08Positive Selection\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u7834\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u300c\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\uff08Negative Elimination\uff09\u300d\u3092\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540c\u6642\u306b\u56de\u3057\u3001\u89e3\u7b54\u51e6\u7406\u306e\u901f\u5ea6\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u6975\u9650\u307e\u3067\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M30-\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u30fb\u8981\u65e8\u554f\u984c\u306e\u5206\u6790]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M28-\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\u3068\u6d88\u53bb\u306e\u8ad6\u7406]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u306e\u578b\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u904b\u7528\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M30-\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u30fb\u8981\u65e8\u554f\u984c\u306e\u5206\u6790]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u9577\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7fa4\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u30fb\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u6b63\u7b54\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u7d71\u5408\u4f5c\u696d\u306e\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u578b\u304b\u3089\u306e\u7f60\u9006\u7b97\u3068\u6700\u77ed\u691c\u7d22\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a66\u9a13\u672c\u756a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u30921\u6587\u305a\u3064\u30c0\u30e9\u30c0\u30e9\u3068\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304b\u3089\u672c\u6587\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u56de\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e0d\u52b9\u7387\u306a\u52d5\u304d\u306f\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u3084\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\uff08\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u6a19\u8b58\uff09\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7f60\uff08\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u3092\u4ed5\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u300c\u6a19\u8b58\uff08\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\uff09\u300d\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u7f60\u306e\u578b\u3092\u9006\u7b97\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u3078\u30c0\u30a4\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u8df3\u3093\u3067\u771f\u507d\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u6700\u77ed\u691c\u7d22\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u578b\u306e\u5373\u5ea7\u306e\u540c\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u76ee\u306b\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u8ffd\u3046\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u69cb\u6587\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u300d\u3092\u30df\u30ea\u79d2\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08all, every, always, only\uff09\u304c\u898b\u3048\u308c\u3070\u300c\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08cause, result from, lead to\uff09\u304c\u898b\u3048\u308c\u3070\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u9006\u8ee2\u30fb\u76f8\u95a2\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u3001\u5f37\u3044\u65ad\u5b9a\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08will, must, inevitably\uff09\u304c\u898b\u3048\u308c\u3070\u300c\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u9ad8\u3081\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08claim, argue, believe\uff09\u304c\u898b\u3048\u308c\u3070\u300c\u5e30\u5c5e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3001\u7f60\u306e\u578b\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u9006\u7b97\uff08\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u8a8d\u8b58\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u578b\u540c\u5b9a\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u601d\u8003\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u9032\u3081\u308b\u4e2d\u3067\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u8a9e\u300d\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u8a9e\u304c\u691c\u77e5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u8133\u5185\u3067\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u691c\u8a3c\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u8d77\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5168\u79f0\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u300c\u672c\u6587\u5074\u306b\u4f8b\u5916\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u300c\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u77e2\u5370\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08may\uff09\u306b\u7559\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u3079\u304d\u547d\u984c\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u904b\u7528\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5727\u304c\u6700\u3082\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5168\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5e73\u7b49\u306b\u719f\u8aad\u3057\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u7684\u4f59\u88d5\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u578b\u3092\u69cb\u6587\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u3079\u304d\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u7121\u99c4\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u8fd4\u3057\u3092\u6975\u9650\u307e\u3067\u524a\u304e\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3001\u5727\u5012\u7684\u306a\u51e6\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u8a9e\uff08all \u3084 cause \u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305a\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u7bc0\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u69cb\u9020\u3084\u5de7\u5999\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u6697\u9ed9\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u98db\u8e8d\u3092\u96a0\u853d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u96a0\u308c\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u300d\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u8a9e\u3060\u3051\u306b\u983c\u3089\u305a\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u5206\u89e3\uff08$S, P, Q$\uff09\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u59ff\u52e2\u3092\u5e38\u306b\u306a\u304f\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;All tropical plant species in the rainforest release volatile organic compounds to repel herbivorous insects.&#8221; \u2192 \u8d70\u67fb\u9806\u5e8f\uff1a\u5192\u982d\u306e\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e &#8220;All&#8221; \u3092\u691c\u77e5&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u3010\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3011\u3068\u9006\u7b97&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u691c\u7d22\uff1a\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u71b1\u5e2f\u690d\u7269\uff08All\uff09\u300d\u304b\u300c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7a2e\uff08some\/certain\uff09\u300d\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u672c\u6587 &#8220;Certain species of tropical plants&#8230;&#8221; \u3092\u767a\u898b&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u306e\u7455\u75b5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u7834\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The widespread adoption of remote learning technology directly caused the sharp decline in student academic performance.&#8221; \u2192 \u8d70\u67fb\u9806\u5e8f\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e &#8220;directly caused&#8221; \u3092\u691c\u77e5&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u3010\u56e0\u679c\u9006\u8ee2\u30fb\u4e0d\u5f53\u56e0\u679c\u4ed8\u52a0\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3011\u3068\u9006\u7b97&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u691c\u7d22\uff1a\u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u5b66\u7fd2\uff08$A$\uff09\u3068\u6210\u7e3e\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff08$B$\uff09\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u672c\u6587 &#8220;Academic performance declined during the period when remote learning was adopted&#8230;&#8221;\uff08\u5358\u306a\u308b\u540c\u6642\u767a\u751f\u30fb\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\uff09\u3092\u767a\u898b&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u304b\u3089\u76f4\u63a5\u56e0\u679c\u3078\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The lead researcher asserts that artificial intelligence will inevitably surpass human cognitive capabilities in every domain by 2050.&#8221; \u2192 \u8d70\u67fb\u9806\u5e8f\uff1a\u5e30\u5c5e\u52d5\u8a5e &#8220;asserts&#8221; \u304a\u3088\u3073\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u65ad\u5b9a &#8220;inevitably&#8230; in every domain&#8221; \u3092\u91cd\u5c64\u691c\u77e5&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u3010\u5e30\u5c5e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048 \uff0b \u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u9ad8\u3081\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3011\u3068\u9006\u7b97&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u691c\u7d22\uff1a\u7b46\u8005\/\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\uff08\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u65ad\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u672c\u6587 &#8220;While some tech enthusiasts claim that AI might surpass human capabilities, the lead researcher remains skeptical&#8230;&#8221; \u3092\u767a\u898b&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u8aac\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\uff08\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306f\u61d0\u7591\u7684\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u5168\u79f0\u65ad\u5b9a\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3084\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u305f\u7f60\u306e\u578b\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u9006\u7b97\u3057\u3001\u691c\u8a3c\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u8eab\u4f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u51e6\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u3068\u691c\u77e5\u7cbe\u5ea6\u304c\u98db\u8e8d\u7684\u306b\u5411\u4e0a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u3078\u306e\u6700\u77ed\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u5c40\u6240\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u578b\u304b\u3089\u7f60\u306e\u578b\u3092\u9006\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u6b21\u306b\u884c\u3046\u3079\u304d\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3059\u3079\u304d\u300c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\uff08Target Premise\uff09\u300d\u3078\u6700\u77ed\u8ddd\u96e2\u3067\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\uff08\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\uff09\u3057\u3001\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3055\u305b\u308b\u4f5c\u696d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u3092\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u30c0\u30e9\u30c0\u30e9\u3068\u518d\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u7279\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u300c\u691c\u7d22\u30ad\u30fc\uff08Keywords\uff09\u300d\u3092\u30d5\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u6bb5\u843d\u30fb\u8a72\u5f53\u6587\u3078\u30d4\u30f3\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u8df3\u3073\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u6587\u3068\u305d\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306e\u307f\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\uff08\u5c40\u6240\u691c\u8a3c\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u6700\u77ed\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u5c40\u6240\u691c\u8a3c\u306e\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b2c1\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u5909\u5f62\u3055\u308c\u306b\u304f\u3044\u7279\u6709\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u30fb\u6570\u5024\uff09\u30922\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9078\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c2\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u6bb5\u843d\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u628a\u63e1\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u3069\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\uff09\u3078\u76ee\u3092\u8d70\u3089\u305b\u3001\u30ad\u30fc\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b1\u6587\u3092\u6355\u6349\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c3\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e1\u6587\u3092\u300c\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$P_0$\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u300c\u4e3b\u5f35\u547d\u984c&nbsp;$Q$\u300d\u3068\u306e\u9593\u3067\u3001\u6210\u5206\u5206\u89e3\uff08$S, P, Q$\uff09\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u7b97\u5b9a\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u5883\u754c\u306e\u7167\u5408\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308c\u3070\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3001\u77db\u76fe\u30fb\u98db\u8e8d\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\u3078\u79fb\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u904b\u7528\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30011,000\u8a9e\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u9577\u6587\u3068\u54044\u301c5\u6587\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7fa4\u3092\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u4f55\u5ea6\u3082\u8aad\u307f\u8fd4\u3059\u4f5c\u696d\u306f\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\uff08\u6642\u9593\u5207\u308c\uff09\u306e\u6700\u5927\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u691c\u8a3c\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u306e\u307f\u306b\u30d4\u30f3\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3057\u3001\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u6f14\u7b97\u3067\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u7b97\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u6700\u77ed\u56de\u8def\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u5236\u9650\u6642\u9593\u5185\u306b\u6e80\u70b9\u3092\u596a\u53d6\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u304c\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u6587\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u305b\u305a\u30012\u3064\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u300c\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u7d71\u5408\u578b\u547d\u984c\u300d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u30011\u6587\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u771f\u507d\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u9593\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u9020\u3084\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u9023\u9396\u3092\u8996\u91ce\u306b\u5165\u308c\u3066\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The 2018 Antarctic expedition revealed that emperor penguin populations had dropped by thirty percent due to shifting ice conditions.&#8221; \u2192 \u6700\u77ed\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\uff1a\u691c\u7d22\u30ad\u30fc &#8220;2018 Antarctic expedition&#8221;, &#8220;thirty percent&#8221;, &#8220;emperor penguin&#8221; \u3092\u30d5\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\u3078\u76f4\u884c&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u7b2c4\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u6587\u6355\u6349 &#8220;The 2018 Antarctic expedition documented a thirty percent decline in emperor penguin numbers, stemming from alterations in sea ice stability.&#8221;&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u5c40\u6240\u691c\u8a3c\uff1a\u4e3b\u8f9e\u30fb\u6570\u5b57\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff08&#8221;stemming from&#8221; \uff1d &#8220;due to&#8221;\uff09\u304c100%\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u4e00\u81f4&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u771f\u300d\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Dr. Arisawa&#8217;s research team discovered that the rare enzyme breaks down synthetic plastics within twenty-four hours at room temperature.&#8221; \u2192 \u6700\u77ed\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\uff1a\u691c\u7d22\u30ad\u30fc &#8220;Dr. Arisawa&#8221;, &#8220;twenty-four hours&#8221;, &#8220;room temperature&#8221; \u3092\u30d5\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u3078\u76f4\u884c&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u6355\u6349 &#8220;Dr. Arisawa&#8217;s team found that the rare enzyme degrades synthetic plastics within twenty-four hours, but only when heated to fifty degrees Celsius.&#8221;&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u5c40\u6240\u691c\u8a3c\uff1a\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\uff08\u672c\u6587 &#8220;heated to 50\u00b0C&#8221; vs \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;at room temperature&#8221;\uff09\u3092\u691c\u51fa&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u7834\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b3: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The archaeological survey conducted in 2021 proved that the ancient trade route was used exclusively for transporting precious metals.&#8221; \u2192 \u6700\u77ed\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\uff1a\u691c\u7d22\u30ad\u30fc &#8220;2021&#8221;, &#8220;archaeological survey&#8221;, &#8220;precious metals&#8221; \u3092\u30d5\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u7b2c5\u6bb5\u843d\u3078\u76f4\u884c&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u7b2c5\u6bb5\u843d\u6355\u6349 &#8220;The 2021 archaeological survey indicated that while precious metals were transported along the ancient route, a wide variety of textiles and spices were also traded.&#8221;&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u5c40\u6240\u691c\u8a3c\uff1a\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\uff08\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;exclusively for precious metals&#8221; vs \u672c\u6587 &#8220;textiles and spices were also traded&#8221;\uff09\u3092\u691c\u51fa&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u30fb\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u7d22\u30ad\u30fc\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u672c\u6587\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u3078\u306e\u6700\u77ed\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u3001\u5230\u9054\u5730\u70b9\u3067\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u8ad6\u7406\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u9023\u7d9a\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6975\u9650\u306e\u6642\u9593\u5236\u7d04\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u30ce\u30fc\u30df\u30b9\u3067\u6b63\u7b54\u3092\u7b97\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3068\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u6b63\u7b54\u5c0e\u51fa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5165\u8a66\u672c\u756a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6975\u9650\u306e\u6642\u9593\u5727\u3068\u5f37\u3044\u7dca\u5f35\u611f\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\uff08\u4f5c\u696d\u8a18\u61b6\uff09\u306f\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u60aa\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u601d\u8003\u306e\u6df7\u4e71\u3092\u9632\u304e\u3001\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u7b54\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u300c\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3068\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u904b\u7528\uff08Dual-Engine Architecture\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3001\u8ff7\u3044\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u969b\u306e\u9593\u9055\u3044\u306e\u306a\u3044\u300c\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u5b9a\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u300d\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3068\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u904b\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9ad8\u901f\u8ad6\u7406\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u541f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u3082\u5805\u7262\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u4e3b\u5f35\u304b\u3089\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u6b63\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3057\u3066\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u300c\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\uff08Positive Selection\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u6f5c\u3080\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u7b54\u80a2\u3092\u7834\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u300c\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\uff08Negative Elimination\uff09\u300d\u3092\u4e26\u5217\u3067\u8d70\u3089\u305b\u308b\u7d71\u5408\u904b\u7528\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u7d42\u3048\u305f\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u300c\u3053\u306e\u554f\u306e\u6b63\u89e3\u306f\u300eX\u3068\u3044\u3046\u539f\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066Y\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u300f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3060\u300d\u3068\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u3067\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\uff08\u578b\uff09\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3059\u308b\u3002\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u9069\u5408\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u7455\u75b5\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u9006\u8ee2\u3001\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u904b\u7528\u306e\u30c7\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u30fb\u601d\u8003\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b2c1\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u5b8c\u4e86\u6642\u306b\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u30fb\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3092\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b1\u6587\u3067\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\uff08\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u5f62\u6210\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c2\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7fa4\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u547d\u984c\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u300c\u672c\u547d\u80a2\u300d\u30921\u3064\u306b\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u3002\u7b2c3\u306b\u3001\u672c\u547d\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u4fee\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u30fb\u56e0\u679c\u9006\u8ee2\u30fb\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u9ad8\u3081\u30fb\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\u30fb\u5e30\u5c5e\u4e0d\u5f53\uff09\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u7834\u68c4\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\uff08\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6b63\u89e3\u80a2\u306e\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\u3068\u4ed6\u80a2\u306e\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u7834\u68c4\u304c\u91cd\u306a\u3063\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u78ba\u4fe1\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u6b63\u7b54\u3092\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u904b\u7528\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3060\u3051\u306b\u983c\u308b\u30684\u301c5\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u7d30\u304b\u306a\u7167\u5408\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u6642\u9593\u3068\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3092\u6d88\u8cbb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u3060\u3051\u306b\u983c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u305f\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3084\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u5371\u967a\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u4e21\u8005\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3001\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u3067\u6a19\u7684\u3092\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3067\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u7f60\u3092\u7834\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u3092\u56de\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u6291\u3048\u3064\u3064\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u901f\u3068\u6700\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u4e21\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u904b\u7528\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u89e3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u306b\u304f\u3044\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u3092\u4e3b\u8ef8\u306b\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u30921\u3064\u305a\u3064\u51b7\u5fb9\u306b\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u67d4\u8edf\u306a\u30ae\u30a2\u30c1\u30a7\u30f3\u30b8\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u72b6\u6cc1\uff1a\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u300c\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u6280\u8853\u306e\u666e\u53ca\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u8a18\u61b6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u305f\u300d\u3068\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u9577\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\uff1a\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u6b63\u89e3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u300c\u6b63\u89e3\u306f\u300e\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u5316\u304c\u8a18\u61b6\u306e\u3084\u308a\u65b9\u3092\u5909\u3048\u305f\u300f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u56e0\u679c\u547d\u984c\u3092\u542b\u3080\u306f\u305a\u3060\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u8d70\u67fb\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2C &#8220;The widespread availability of digital devices has structurally altered how human beings store and retrieve information.&#8221; \u3092\u767a\u898b\uff08\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u9069\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\uff1a\u4ed6\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u7455\u75b5\u3092\u77ac\u9593\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u9078\u629e\u80a2A\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u5316 &#8220;All memory capabilities have been destroyed&#8221;&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7834\u68c4\uff09\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2B\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u9006\u8ee2 &#8220;Changes in human memory created digital technology&#8221;&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7834\u68c4\uff09\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2D\uff08\u7121\u5224\u5b9a &#8220;Digital devices will soon be replaced by bio-chips&#8221;&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7834\u68c4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u5408\u81f4 \uff0b 3\u80a2\u306e\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u7834\u68c4\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2C\u3092\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u4fe1\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u72b6\u6cc1\uff1a\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u304c\u8fb2\u696d\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9577\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u65e8\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\uff1a\u6b63\u89e3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u5f62\u6210\u300c\u6c17\u5019\u5909\u52d5\u306f\u8fb2\u696d\u306b\u8907\u5408\u7684\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u9069\u5fdc\u7b56\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u8d70\u67fb\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2B &#8220;Climate change poses multifaceted risks to agricultural yields, necessitating the implementation of adaptive farming strategies.&#8221; \u304c\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2A\uff08\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u904e\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6607 &#8220;Climate change will inevitably wipe out all global agriculture&#8221;&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7834\u68c4\uff09\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2C\uff08\u5e30\u5c5e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048 &#8220;Critics argue that climate change has no impact on farming&#8221;&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7834\u68c4\uff09\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2D\uff08\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u30fb\u968e\u5c64\u4e0d\u9069\u5408 &#8220;Fertilizer prices increased in 2020&#8221;&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u5c40\u6240\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u904e\u304e\u305a\u4e3b\u65e8\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u7834\u68c4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2B\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6b63\u89e3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u5f62\u6210\u3068\u3001\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u306e\u7834\u68c4\u3092\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540c\u6642\u306b\u4f5c\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u9ad8\u5727\u7684\u306a\u8a66\u9a13\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u3067\u3082\u30d6\u30ec\u306a\u3044\u9ad8\u901f\u30fb\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306a\u691c\u8a3c\u304c\u5b8c\u4e86\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u8ff7\u3044\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u969b\u306e\u547d\u984c\u5206\u89e3\u3068\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u5b9a\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3068\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306b2\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2B\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2D\uff09\u304c\u6b8b\u308a\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u6b63\u89e3\u304b\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u8ff7\u3046\u7aae\u5730\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u9762\u3067\u611f\u899a\u3084\u76f4\u611f\u306b\u983c\u3063\u3066\u300c\u306a\u3093\u3068\u306a\u304f\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305d\u3046\u306a\u65b9\u300d\u3092\u9078\u3076\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8ff7\u3044\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u3053\u305d\u3001\u51b7\u9759\u306b\u601d\u8003\u3092\u300c\u547d\u984c\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u5206\u89e3\uff08\u6210\u5206\u5206\u89e3\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u539f\u70b9\u56de\u5e30\u3055\u305b\u30012\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u9593\u306e\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5dee\u5206\uff08Logical Difference\uff09\u300d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u6700\u7d42\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u5b9a\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u624b\u9806\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7b2c1\u306b\u3001\u6b8b\u3063\u305f2\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08B\u3068D\uff09\u3092\u4e0a\u4e0b\u306b\u4e26\u3079\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u300c\u3069\u3053\u307e\u3067\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3001\u3069\u3053\u304b\u3089\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\uff08\u5dee\u5206\uff09\u3092\u30da\u30f3\u3067\u7269\u7406\u7684\u30fb\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c2\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5dee\u5206\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7b87\u6240\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u5dee &#8220;most&#8221; vs &#8220;some&#8221;\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u65b9\u5411 &#8220;caused&#8221; vs &#8220;resulted from&#8221;\uff09\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c3\u306b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u6587\u3078\u8df3\u3073\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5dee\u5206\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b1\u70b9\u306e\u307f\u3092\u51b7\u5fb9\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068100%\u6574\u5408\u3059\u308b\u5074\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u30011\u70b9\u3067\u3082\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u98db\u8e8d\u30fb\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u5074\u3092\u507d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7834\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u6b8b\u3063\u305f2\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u7cbe\u5de7\u306b\u4f5c\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u300c\u672c\u7269\u306e\u6b63\u89e3\u80a2\u300d\u3068\u300c\u6700\u9ad8\u54c1\u8cea\u306e\u507d\u80a2\uff08\u30ad\u30e9\u30fc\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\uff09\u300d\u306e\u30da\u30a2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u96f0\u56f2\u6c17\u306f\u4e21\u8005\u3068\u3082\u672c\u6587\u306b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u8fd1\u304f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u307c\u3093\u3084\u308a\u8aad\u307f\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u5dee\u306f\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u9593\u306e\u300c\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5dee\u5206\u300d\u3060\u3051\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3060\u3051\u3092\u672c\u6587\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306e\u307f\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306e\u7f60\u3092\u7834\u308a\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a1\u70b9\u3092\u3082\u304e\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b1: \u8ff7\u3044\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u72b6\u6cc1\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2B\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2D\u306e2\u3064\u304c\u6b8b\u308a\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u672c\u6587\u306e\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5dee\u5206\u62bd\u51fa\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\uff1a\u4e21\u8005\u3092\u4e26\u3079\u3066\u5dee\u5206\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2B: &#8220;&#8230;the interaction between the two species&nbsp;<strong>inevitably leads to<\/strong>&nbsp;competitive exclusion.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2D: &#8220;&#8230;the interaction between the two species&nbsp;<strong>can potentially result in<\/strong>&nbsp;competitive exclusion.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5dee\u5206\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\uff1a\u5dee\u5206\u306f\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u5ea6\uff08&#8221;inevitably leads to&#8221;\uff3b\u78ba\u5b9a\u30fb\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\uff3d vs &#8220;can potentially result in&#8221;\uff3b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u30fb\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\uff3d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7167\u5408\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u6587\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d &#8220;Under certain conditions, the interaction between the two species may result in one excluding the other&#8230;&#8221;\uff08&#8221;may result in&#8221; \uff1d \u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5224\u5b9a\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2B\u306f\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u4e0d\u5f53\u9ad8\u3081\uff08inevitably\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308a\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2D\uff08can potentially\uff09\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;may&#8221; \u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u5024\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2D\u3092\u6700\u7d42\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b2: \u8ff7\u3044\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u72b6\u6cc1\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2A\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2C\u304c\u6b8b\u308a\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u4ea4\u932f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5dee\u5206\u62bd\u51fa\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\uff1a\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u5dee\u5206\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2A: &#8220;The social unrest was&nbsp;<strong>primarily triggered by<\/strong>&nbsp;the sudden increase in grain prices.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2C: &#8220;The sudden increase in grain prices&nbsp;<strong>was one of several factors that accompanied<\/strong>&nbsp;the social unrest.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5dee\u5206\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u5f37\u5ea6\u3068\u4e3b\u5f93\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08&#8221;primarily triggered by&#8221;\uff3b\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u4e3b\u539f\u56e0\uff3d vs &#8220;one of several factors that accompanied&#8221;\uff3b\u6570\u3042\u308b\u8981\u56e0\u306e1\u3064\u30fb\u76f8\u95a2\uff3d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7167\u5408\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u7b2c5\u6bb5\u843d\u78ba\u8a8d &#8220;While multiple economic difficulties coincided with the social unrest, the soaring price of grain was the single most decisive factor that sparked the rebellion.&#8221;\uff08&#8221;single most decisive factor that sparked&#8221; \uff1d \u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u4e3b\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u5224\u5b9a\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2C\u306f\u56e0\u679c\u5f37\u5ea6\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u5f31\u3081\uff08one of several factors\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308a\u300c\u4e0d\u9069\u300d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;most decisive factor&#8221; \u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2A\uff08primarily triggered by\uff09\u3092\u6700\u7d42\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8ff7\u3044\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u969b\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b2\u80a2\u306e\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5dee\u5206\u300d\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5dee\u52061\u70b9\u306e\u307f\u3092\u672c\u6587\u3068\u51b7\u5fb9\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u5b9a\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6975\u9650\u306e\u5727\u529b\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082100%\u518d\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u7b54\u5c0e\u51fa\u304c\u5b8c\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3053\u306e\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\uff08M06:\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u7455\u75b5\u306e\u691c\u77e5\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u541f\u5473\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u5370\u8c61\u3084\u611f\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308b\u66d6\u6627\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u6392\u3057\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u304a\u3088\u3073\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u898f\u5247\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u304b\u3064\u518d\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u7b97\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u601d\u8003\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c1\u5c64\u306e\u3010\u8996\u5ea7\u3011\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u300d\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u652f\u914d\u3059\u308b\u300c\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u300d\u306e\u540c\u5024\u5909\u5f62\u3084\u80fd\u52d5\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u5909\u63db\u3092\u8de8\u3050\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u304c\u53ca\u3076\u300c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff08Scope\uff09\u300d\u306e\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u5883\u754c\u306e\u78ba\u5b9a\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u300c\u5168\u79f0\u547d\u984c\uff08All\/Every\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u7279\u79f0\u547d\u984c\uff08Some\/Certain\uff09\u300d\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u533a\u5225\u3092\u5b66\u3093\u3060\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u7cbe\u67fb\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\uff08\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff09\u3084\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3078\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u773c\u5206\u91cf\u3001\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3084\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\uff08\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff09\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u4e0a\u6607\u306e\u691c\u77e5\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u300c\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\uff08\u5224\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\uff1d\u4e0d\u89e3\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u9589\u3058\u305f\u547d\u984c\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3001\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c2\u5c64\u306e\u3010\u539f\u7406\u3011\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u5b9f\u6226\u7684\u306a\u300c\u7455\u75b5\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u691c\u77e5\u539f\u7406\u300d\u3078\u3068\u6607\u83ef\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u4e3b\u8f9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8f9e\u30fb\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u300d\u3078\u3068\u6210\u5206\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u5305\u542b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u3001\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3092\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u7b97\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u6f5c\u3080\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u2014\u2014\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u5316\uff09\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u30fb\u4ed8\u52a0\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u2014\u2014\u304c\u547d\u984c\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7834\u7dbb\u3055\u305b\u308b\u304b\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u3001\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u7f60\u306e\u578b\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u547d\u984c\uff08$P \\to Q$\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u524d\u4ef6\u3068\u5f8c\u4ef6\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u540c\u5024\u306a\u300c\u5bfe\u5076\uff08$\\neg Q \\to \\neg P$\uff09\u300d\u306e\u307f\u304c\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u7d99\u627f\u3057\u3001\u300c\u9006\u300d\u3084\u300c\u88cf\u300d\u306f\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u4e8c\u9805\u5bfe\u7acb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7570\u6982\u5ff5\u9593\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u300d\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u3084\u3001\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u30fb\u8b72\u6b69\uff08\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3068\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u65e8\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u968e\u5c64\uff09\u3092\u5207\u308a\u5206\u3051\u308b\u968e\u5c64\u5206\u96e2\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c3\u5c64\u306e\u3010\u8003\u7a76\u3011\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6700\u96e3\u95a2\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u308b\u8907\u5408\u7684\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u5883\u754c\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3092\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5165\u308c\u5b50\u72b6\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u3068\u591a\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u304c\u6298\u308a\u91cd\u306a\u3063\u305f\u8907\u96d1\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u304d\u307b\u3050\u3057\u3066\u660e\u89e3\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3078\u3068\u9084\u5143\u3059\u308b\u6280\u6cd5\u3084\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u304c\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7834\u7815\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u4fee\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u7406\u8ad6\u4e3b\u5f35\u300d\u3068\u300c\u3042\u3048\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u53cd\u4f8b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u300d\u306e\u9593\u306b\u751f\u3058\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306d\u3058\u308c\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306e\u8aac\u300d\u3068\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u300d\u306e\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u591a\u5c64\u7684\u306b\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u672c\u6587\u9069\u5408\u6027\uff09\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\uff08\u7406\u7531\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7b54\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u8a2d\u554f\u9069\u5408\u6027\uff09\u3092\u4ea4\u5dee\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u30af\u30ed\u8a3c\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c4\u5c64\u306e\u3010\u7cbe\u9ac4\u3011\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u539f\u7406\u30fb\u6280\u6cd5\u3092\u8a66\u9a13\u672c\u756a\u306e\u6975\u9650\u72b6\u6cc1\u4e0b\u3067\u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\u3067\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u3078\u3068\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u3084\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306e\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u578b\u3092\u9006\u7b97\u3057\u3001\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u30d5\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u3057\u3066\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u547d\u984c\u3078\u6700\u77ed\u8ddd\u96e2\u3067\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3057\u3066\u5c40\u6240\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3055\u305b\u308b\u9ad8\u901f\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u300c\u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u300d\u3068\u3001\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u7455\u75b5\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u7834\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u300c\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u300d\u3092\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e26\u5217\u4f5c\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u7d71\u5408\u904b\u7528\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306b2\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u8ff7\u3044\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5dee\u5206\u300d\u306e\u307f\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u672c\u6587\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u6b63\u7b54\u5c0e\u51fa\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u4f53\u7cfb\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u5ba2\u89b3\u578b\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u6b63\u8aa4\u5224\u5b9a\u3067\u9ad8\u5f97\u70b9\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3060\u3051\u306e\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u5370\u8c61\u3084\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u5148\u5165\u89b3\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u547d\u984c\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u304b\u3064\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u89e3\u8aad\u30fb\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u306f\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u5927\u5b66\u3084\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b66\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u63a8\u9032\u3057\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6587\u732e\u3092\u6279\u5224\u7684\u306b\u8aad\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u4e0a\u3067\u306e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u304b\u3064\u5805\u7262\u306a\u77e5\u7684\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b9f\u8df5\u77e5\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6f14\u7fd2\u306f\u3001\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u300c\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u7455\u75b5\u306e\u691c\u77e5\u4f53\u7cfb\u300d\u3067\u4fee\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u601d\u8003\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u30fb\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u304b\u3064\u518d\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u771f\u507d\u5024\u3092\u7b97\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u904b\u7528\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5165\u8a66\u672c\u756a\u3067\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u3092\u60d1\u308f\u305b\u308b\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u542b\u307f\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\u30fb\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300d\u3084\u3001\u300c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u306b\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u305d\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306b\u6839\u62e0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300d\u3092\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u4e0d\u5f53\uff08\u507d\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5224\u5b9a\u30fb\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u8ffd\u4f53\u9a13\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6f14\u7fd2\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u76f4\u611f\u3084\u96f0\u56f2\u6c17\u306b\u3088\u308b\u66d6\u6627\u306a\u8aad\u89e3\u304b\u3089\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u8131\u5374\u3057\u3001\u5404\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u51b7\u5fb9\u306b\u89e3\u4f53\u3057\u3066\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u89e3\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u7cbe\u9ac4\u3092\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7740\u3055\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51fa\u984c\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51fa\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3068\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u5f62\u5f0f:\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\uff08T\/F\u5224\u5b9a\u30fb\u591a\u80a2\u9078\u629e\u554f\u984c\uff09\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8a18\u8ff0\u578b\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u30fb\u5185\u5bb9\u8aac\u660e\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u691c\u8a3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6:\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u6a19\u6e96 \u301c \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u96e3\u95a2\u4e0a\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5206\u91cf:\u5927\u554f1\u984c\uff08\u9577\u6587\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u7d041,000\u8a9e\uff09\u30fb\u5c0f\u554f\u8a084\u554f\u30fb\u63a8\u5968\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u959320\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a9e\u5f59\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb:\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\uff08\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u9032\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8a9e\u5f59<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u69cb\u6587\u8907\u96d1\u5ea6:\u591a\u91cd\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\u3001\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u633f\u5165\u53e5\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u30fb\u8b72\u6b69\u69cb\u6587\u304c\u8907\u5408\u7684\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u983b\u51fa\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3068\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u3067\u7279\u79f0\uff08\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u30fb\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08all, every, always, inevitably\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u9069\u7528\u9818\u57df\u3092\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u305b\u308b\u51fa\u984c\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u56e0\u679c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u53cd\u8ee2\u3068\u4e0d\u5f53\u4ed8\u52a0<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u300c\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;$A \\to$&nbsp;\u7d50\u679c&nbsp;$B$\u300d\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u300c$B \\to A$\u300d\u3068\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u3084\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u51fa\u984c\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u4e0a\u6607\u3068\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08may, possibly\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u9ad8\u3081\u305f\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306e\u8aac\u300d\u3092\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u300d\u3078\u3068\u5e30\u5c5e\u5148\u3092\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u3092\u63fa\u3055\u3076\u308b\u51fa\u984c\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5dee\u304c\u3064\u304f\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6f14\u7fd2\u554f\u984c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u554f\u984c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a66\u9a13\u6642\u9593: 20\u5206 \/ \u6e80\u70b9: 100\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff11\u554f(25\u70b9)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u672c\u6587\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\uff08\u554f1\uff09\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The prevailing narrative surrounding technological innovation often assumes a deterministic trajectory: once a superior technology is developed, its widespread adoption across society is nearly inevitable. However, historical analyses of technological transitions reveal a far more complex reality. The mere technical superiority of an innovation does not guarantee its commercial or cultural success, simply because societal adoption is governed by an intricate web of institutional, economic, and cultural factors rather than intrinsic engineering merit alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For instance, during the late nineteenth century, early electric vehicles briefly demonstrated performance capabilities comparable, and in some urban contexts superior, to their internal combustion counterparts. Yet, internal combustion engines ultimately achieved market dominance, not because they possessed inherent engineering perfection from the outset, but because a sudden surge in petroleum infrastructure, combined with aggressive marketing and geopolitical considerations, dramatically lowered the operational costs of gasoline-powered automobiles. This historical episode illustrates that a technology&#8217;s failure to secure long-term market dominance does not necessarily signify its structural or technical inferiority at the time of its emergence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, contemporary debates regarding the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources frequently mirror these historical misunderstandings. Skeptics often argue that renewable technologies are inherently incapable of supplying continuous baseload power due to their intermittent nature. While it is true that solar and wind generation depend on weather conditions, this limitation does not imply that a fully renewable energy grid is an unattainable goal. Rather, as recent energy systems research demonstrates, integrating advanced grid-level battery storage, demand-response management, and geographically diversified generation networks can effectively mitigate intermittency. Consequently, the assertion that the physical constraints of renewable energy make a total transition away from fossil fuels technically impossible represents an oversimplification that ignores modern system-integration solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u554f1<\/strong>&nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u7167\u3089\u3057\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b<strong>\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\uff08\u771f\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u547d\u984c<\/strong>\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u306e(A)\u301c(D)\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u30891\u3064\u9078\u3079\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(A) The failure of a newly developed technology to achieve widespread market dominance serves as definitive proof that the technology was engineeringly inferior to its competitors upon its initial emergence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B) Internal combustion engines achieved long-term market dominance in the late nineteenth century primarily because they exhibited absolute technical and structural perfection compared to electric vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(C) The inherent intermittency of solar and wind power means that relying entirely on a renewable energy grid is a technically unachievable goal for modern society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(D) A technology&#8217;s long-term commercial success is determined not merely by its intrinsic technical superiority, but also by external economic, institutional, and infrastructure-related factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff12\u554f(25\u70b9)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u306e\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\uff08\u554f2\uff09\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u554f2<\/strong>&nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u7167\u3089\u3057\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b<strong>\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306a\uff08\u507d\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u547d\u984c<\/strong>\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u306e(A)\u301c(D)\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u30891\u3064\u9078\u3079\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(A) The rapid expansion of petroleum infrastructure in the late nineteenth century was one of the key factors that reduced the running expenses of gasoline-driven cars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B) According to recent research in energy systems, combining large-scale battery storage with diversified generation networks can help address the problem of renewable energy intermittency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(C) Current technological advancements in grid integration have successfully eliminated all physical and environmental constraints associated with solar and wind power generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(D) The fact that early electric cars failed to maintain market dominance does not automatically imply that they lacked technical competitiveness in the nineteenth-century urban setting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff13\u554f(25\u70b9)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\uff08\u554f3\uff09\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u554f3<\/strong>&nbsp;\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u8ad6\u65e8\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6349\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u547d\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b<strong>\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u3082\u306e<\/strong>\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u306e(A)\u301c(D)\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u30891\u3064\u9078\u3079\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(A) Technological progress should be evaluated solely on the basis of engineering efficiency and technical specifications rather than economic considerations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B) Historical and contemporary evidence demonstrates that societal adoption of technology is shaped by multifaceted system-level factors rather than technical merit in isolation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(C) Internal combustion automobiles will inevitably be replaced by electric vehicles as renewable battery technologies overcome their physical limitations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(D) Government intervention through aggressive marketing is the single most decisive factor in determining whether an innovative technology succeeds in the market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff14\u554f(25\u70b9)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\uff08\u554f4\uff09\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u554f4<\/strong>&nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\uff08Skeptics\uff09\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5c55\u958b\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u3057\u3066<strong>\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306a\u3082\u306e<\/strong>\u3092\u3001\u6b21\u306e(A)\u301c(D)\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u30891\u3064\u9078\u3079\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(A) \u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u304c\u63b2\u3052\u308b\u300c\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u5929\u5019\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u865a\u507d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u592a\u967d\u5149\u767a\u96fb\u306e\u51fa\u529b\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B) \u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3059\u308b\u300c\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u65ad\u7d9a\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u9650\u754c\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3064\u3064\u3082\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u7d71\u5408\u6280\u8853\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u305d\u306e\u9650\u754c\u304c\u88dc\u5b8c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u8131\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5168\u79f0\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u9000\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(C) \u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u5168\u9762\u7684\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30b0\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u6280\u8853\u3067\u306f\u5168\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5316\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(D) \u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u8caf\u8535\u6280\u8853\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u77f3\u6cb9\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u3092\u305f\u3069\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff11\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u672c\u6587\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u6280\u8853\u7684\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3068\u5e02\u5834\u652f\u914d\u529b\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u542b\u610f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u3001\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u3084\u56e0\u679c\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u6a19\u6e96<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 4\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d\u30fb\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u300c\u6280\u8853\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u300d\u3068\u300c19\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca vs \u30ac\u30bd\u30ea\u30f3\u8eca\u306e\u4e8b\u4f8b\u300d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306e &#8220;definitive proof&#8221;\uff08\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u8a3c\u660e\uff09\u3001(B)\u306e &#8220;absolute perfection&#8221;\uff08\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u5b8c\u74a7\u3055\uff09\u3001(C)\u306e &#8220;unachievable goal&#8221;\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u76ee\u6a19\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u65ad\u5b9a\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u8a9e\u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7b87\u6240(\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u9806):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e\u30fb\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u300c\u6280\u8853\u7684\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3068\u5e02\u5834\u652f\u914d\u529b\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u30fb\u5bfe\u6bd4\u69cb\u6587\uff08not merely A, but also B\uff09\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u30b9\u30ad\u30c3\u30d7\u3057\u3066\u3088\u3044\u7b87\u6240:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\uff08\u7b2c1\u554f\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u5916\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593:90\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8 \u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96 \u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;does not necessarily signify its inferiority&#8221; \u3068\u306e\u77db\u76fe 25\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;not because they possessed inherent perfection&#8221; \u3068\u306e\u77db\u76fe 25\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;does not imply that&#8230; is an unattainable goal&#8221; \u3068\u306e\u77db\u76fe 25\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;not&#8230; engineering merit alone&#8221;\uff0b&#8221;institutional&#8230;&#8221; \u3068\u5408\u81f4 15\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306f\u300c\u5e02\u5834\u652f\u914d\u306e\u5931\u6557\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\u306e\u6280\u8853\u7684\u52a3\u7b49\u6027\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u8a3c\u660e\uff08definitive proof\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308b\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u672b\u5c3e &#8220;a technology&#8217;s failure&#8230; does not necessarily signify its structural or technical inferiority&#8221;\uff08\u652f\u914d\u306e\u5931\u6557\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u6280\u8853\u7684\u52a3\u7b49\u6027\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\uff08\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\uff09\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u7834\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306f\u300c\u30ac\u30bd\u30ea\u30f3\u8eca\u304c\u52dd\u5229\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u6280\u8853\u7684\u5b8c\u74a7\u3055\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3060\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d &#8220;not because they possessed inherent engineering perfection from the outset&#8221;\uff08\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u5b8c\u74a7\u3055\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u771f\u9006\u306b\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\uff09\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u7834\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306f\u300c\u65ad\u7d9a\u6027\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5168\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u30b0\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u306f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u76ee\u6a19\uff08unachievable goal\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d &#8220;this limitation does not imply that&#8230; is an unattainable goal&#8221;\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u76ee\u6a19\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\uff08\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u4e0a\u6607\u30fb\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\uff09\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u7834\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306f\u300c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u5546\u696d\u7684\u6210\u529f\u306f\u3001\u6280\u8853\u7684\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u30fb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u30fb\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d &#8220;societal adoption is governed by an intricate web of institutional, economic, and cultural factors rather than intrinsic engineering merit alone&#8221; \u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\uff08\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u6b63\u89e3\u547d\u984c\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u3092\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(D)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: \u672c\u6587\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d\u306e &#8220;governed by an intricate web of institutional, economic, and cultural factors rather than intrinsic engineering merit alone&#8221;\uff08\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u6280\u8853\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u30fb\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u30fb\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u7db2\u306e\u76ee\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u652f\u914d\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306e &#8220;determined not merely by its intrinsic technical superiority, but also by external economic, institutional, and infrastructure-related factors&#8221; \u306b\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A): \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;does not necessarily signify&#8230; inferiority&#8221;\uff08\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u52a3\u7b49\u6027\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001&#8221;serves as definitive proof&#8230; was inferior&#8221;\uff08\u52a3\u7b49\u6027\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u8a3c\u660e\u3068\u306a\u308b\uff09\u3068\u5168\u79f0\u7684\u65ad\u5b9a\u3078\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B): \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;not because they possessed inherent engineering perfection&#8221;\uff08\u5b8c\u74a7\u3055\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001&#8221;because they exhibited absolute technical and structural perfection&#8221;\uff08\u5b8c\u74a7\u3055\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3060\uff09\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u80af\u5b9a\u3078\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C): \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;does not imply that&#8230; is an unattainable goal&#8221;\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u76ee\u6a19\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001&#8221;is a technically unachievable goal&#8221;\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u76ee\u6a19\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306a\u5236\u9650\u304b\u3089\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3078\u3068\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u5316\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b &#8220;definitive proof&#8221;, &#8220;absolute perfection&#8221;, &#8220;unachievable goal&#8221; \u306a\u3069\u306e\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5168\u79f0\u30fb\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3084\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff08not necessarily, does not imply\uff09\u3068\u306e\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u30fb\u4e00\u6a4b\u5927\u5b66\u7b49\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u30fb\u65ad\u5b9a\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M06-\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406] [\u57fa\u790e M21-\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8aad\u89e3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff12\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u672c\u6587\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3001\u300c\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\uff08\u507d\uff09\u306a\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u767a\u5c55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 5\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u300c\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306a\uff08\u507d\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3059\u308b\uff08Negative Question\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306e &#8220;eliminated all physical and environmental constraints&#8221;\uff08\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u30fb\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u5168\u79f0\u9650\u5b9a\u8f9e &#8220;all&#8221; \u306b\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u53cd\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7b87\u6240(\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u9806):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u300c\u30b0\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u7d71\u5408\u6280\u8853\uff08grid-level battery storage&#8230;\uff09\u300d\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u300c\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u6392\u9664\u300d\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306e\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u306e\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593:120\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8 \u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96 \u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;surge in petroleum infrastructure&#8230; lowered costs&#8221; \u3068\u5408\u81f4 30\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;battery storage&#8230; mitigate intermittency&#8221; \u3068\u5408\u81f4 30\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;mitigate intermittency&#8221; vs \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;eliminated ALL constraints&#8221; 30\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;failure&#8230; does not necessarily signify inferiority&#8221; \u3068\u5408\u81f4 30\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d &#8220;surge in petroleum infrastructure&#8230; dramatically lowered the operational costs&#8221; \u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u9069\u5207\uff08\u771f\uff09\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672c\u554f\u306e\u6b63\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d &#8220;integrating advanced grid-level battery storage&#8230; can effectively mitigate intermittency&#8221; \u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u9069\u5207\uff08\u771f\uff09\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672c\u554f\u306e\u6b63\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306f\u300c\u30b0\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u7d71\u5408\u6280\u8853\u306e\u9032\u6b69\u304c\u3001\u592a\u967d\u5149\u30fb\u98a8\u529b\u767a\u96fb\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u30fb\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3057\u305f\uff08eliminated ALL physical and environmental constraints\uff09\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306f\u3001\u6280\u8853\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u65ad\u7d9a\u6027\u3092\u8efd\u6e1b\u3067\u304d\u308b\uff08mitigate intermittency\uff09\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u96e2\u8131\u304c\u6280\u8853\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u5358\u7d14\u5316\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3057\u305f\uff08eliminated all\uff09\u300d\u3068\u306f\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3082\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7279\u79f0\u30fb\u8efd\u6e1b\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u300d\u3078\u3068\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u30fb\u8a87\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u306e\u7455\u75b5\uff09\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u300c\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\uff08\u507d\uff09\u306a\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u672c\u554f\u306e\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d &#8220;This historical episode illustrates that a technology&#8217;s failure&#8230; does not necessarily signify its&#8230; inferiority&#8221; \u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u9069\u5207\uff08\u771f\uff09\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672c\u554f\u306e\u6b63\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u3092\u6b63\u89e3\uff08\u507d\u306a\u308b\u547d\u984c\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(C)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: \u672c\u6587\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30b0\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u7d71\u5408\u6280\u8853\uff08\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u8caf\u8535\u7b49\uff09\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u300c\u65ad\u7d9a\u6027\u3092\u548c\u3089\u3052\u308b\u30fb\u8efd\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\uff08mitigate intermittency\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306e &#8220;eliminated ALL physical and environmental constraints&#8221;\uff08\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u30fb\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u305f\uff09\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u8efd\u6e1b\uff08mitigate\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306a\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u6ec5\uff08eliminated all\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u30fb\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u3055\u305b\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7455\u75b5\uff08\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\uff09\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u304a\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u51fa\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u300c\u507d\u306a\u308b\u547d\u984c\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A): \u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u306e &#8220;surge in petroleum infrastructure&#8230; lowered the operational costs&#8221;\uff08\u77f3\u6cb9\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u6025\u5897\u304c\u8d70\u884c\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u4e0b\u3052\u305f\uff09\u3068\u6574\u5408\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\uff08\u6b63\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B): \u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e &#8220;integrating&#8230; battery storage&#8230; can effectively mitigate intermittency&#8221;\uff08\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u8caf\u8535\u7b49\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u304c\u65ad\u7d9a\u6027\u3092\u7de9\u548c\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3068\u6574\u5408\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\uff08\u6b63\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D): \u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u306e &#8220;failure to secure market dominance does not necessarily signify&#8230; inferiority&#8221;\uff08\u652f\u914d\u5931\u6557\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u52a3\u7b49\u6027\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u6574\u5408\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u300c\u771f\u300d\uff08\u6b63\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: NOT\u554f\u984c\uff08\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3092\u9078\u3076\u554f\u984c\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u4e2d\u306b &#8220;all&#8221;, &#8220;completely eliminated&#8221;, &#8220;entirely&#8221; \u306a\u3069\u306e\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u30fb\u5168\u79f0\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;mitigate&#8221;\uff08\u8efd\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\uff09, &#8220;reduce&#8221;\uff08\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\uff09\u306a\u3069\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u30fb\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3092\u793a\u3059\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u843d\u5dee\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u30fb\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3092\u9078\u3079\u300d\u5f62\u5f0f\u306e\u5168\u79f0\u5316\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u76e4 M20-\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e] [\u57fa\u790e M28-\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\u3068\u6d88\u53bb\u306e\u8ad6\u7406]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff13\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u9577\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u6280\u8853\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u306e\u6279\u5224&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u5b9f\u8a3c&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u554f\u984c\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\uff09\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3001\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8981\u65e8\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u767a\u5c55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 5\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u8ad6\u65e8\uff08\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u300d\u3092\u554f\u3046\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u7a4d\u6975\u6cd5\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u3092\u4f5c\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u3001\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u6b63\u89e3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u300c\u6b63\u89e3\u306f\u300e\u6280\u8853\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u666e\u53ca\u3084\u5546\u696d\u7684\u6210\u529f\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6280\u8853\u7684\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u30fb\u5236\u5ea6\u30fb\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u6587\u8108\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8907\u5408\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u542b\u3080\u306f\u305a\u3060\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593:120\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8 \u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96 \u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;rather than intrinsic engineering merit alone&#8221; \u3068\u77db\u76fe 25\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u30de\u30af\u30ed\u6b63\u89e3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\uff08&#8221;shaped by multifaceted system-level&#8230;&#8221;\uff09\u3068\u6574\u5408 35\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff0b\u52dd\u624b\u306a\u672a\u6765\u4e88\u6e2c\uff08\u4e0d\u5f53\u63a8\u8ad6\u30fb\u5c40\u6240\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\uff09 30\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;surge in petroleum&#8230; AND marketing&#8230;&#8221;\uff08\u5358\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\u3078\u306e\u5358\u7d14\u5316\uff0930\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306f\u300c\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9032\u6b69\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u8003\u616e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5de5\u5b66\u7684\u52b9\u7387\u6027\u306e\u307f\uff08solely\uff09\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d &#8220;rather than intrinsic engineering merit alone&#8221;\uff08\u5de5\u5b66\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3068\u771f\u3063\u5411\u304b\u3089\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7834\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306f\u300c\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u3001\u6280\u8853\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u304c\u5358\u72ec\u306e\u6280\u8853\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u591a\u9762\u7684\u306a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f62\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u69cb\u6210\uff08\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d\uff1a\u7406\u8ad6\u63d0\u793a&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\uff1a19\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u5b9f\u8a3c&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\uff1a\u73fe\u4ee3\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u554f\u984c\u3078\u306e\u9069\u7528\uff09\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5305\u62ec\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u547d\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u305f\u6b63\u89e3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u3068100%\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306f\u300c\u30ac\u30bd\u30ea\u30f3\u8eca\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u6280\u8853\u304c\u7269\u7406\u7684\u9650\u754c\u3092\u514b\u670d\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u7684\u306b\uff08inevitably\uff09\u96fb\u6c17\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u6697\u55a9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u96fb\u6c17\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u306b\u89e6\u308c\u305f\u306b\u904e\u304e\u305a\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u7684\u306a\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\uff08inevitably replaced\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672a\u6765\u4e88\u6e2c\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u8a18\u8f09\u30fb\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u62e1\u5f35\uff09\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u4e0d\u9069\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7834\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306f\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a2\u30b0\u30ec\u30c3\u30b7\u30d6\u306a\u30de\u30fc\u30b1\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u3001\u5e02\u5834\u6210\u529f\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u6700\u3082\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u8981\u56e0\uff08single most decisive factor\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u306f\u77f3\u6cb9\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3001\u30de\u30fc\u30b1\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3001\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u7684\u8003\u616e\u306a\u3069\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30de\u30fc\u30b1\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u307f\u3092\u300c\u552f\u4e00\u6700\u5927\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u56e0\u300d\u3068\u65ad\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8907\u6570\u8981\u56e0\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u53cd\u3059\u308b\uff08\u5358\u4e00\u56e0\u679c\u3078\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\uff09\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7834\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u3092\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: \u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306e &#8220;societal adoption of technology is shaped by multifaceted system-level factors rather than technical merit in isolation&#8221;\uff08\u6280\u8853\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u306f\u3001\u5358\u72ec\u306e\u6280\u8853\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u591a\u9762\u7684\u306a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f62\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u547d\u984c\u306f\u3001\u7b2c1\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u8907\u5408\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u306e\u652f\u914d\uff09\u3001\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff08\u30ac\u30bd\u30ea\u30f3\u8eca\u306e\u666e\u53ca\u8981\u56e0\uff09\u3001\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u5fdc\u7528\uff08\u518d\u30a8\u30cd\u306e\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u7d71\u5408\uff09\u306e\u5168\u6bb5\u843d\u3092\u8cab\u304f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u8981\u65e8\uff08\u4e0a\u4f4d\u547d\u984c\uff09\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u30fb\u5305\u542b\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A): \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;rather than intrinsic engineering merit alone&#8221;\uff08\u6280\u8853\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u306e\u307f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u547d\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C): \u672c\u6587\u7b2c2\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3092\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u306a\u3044\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u306a\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\uff08inevitably replaced\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u4e88\u6e2c\uff08\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\uff09\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\uff08\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u30fb\u4e0d\u89e3\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D): \u672c\u6587\u3067\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8981\u56e0\uff08\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3001\u30de\u30fc\u30b1\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3001\u5730\u653f\u5b66\uff09\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u30de\u30fc\u30b1\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3060\u3051\u3092\u629c\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u3001&#8221;single most decisive factor&#8221;\uff08\u552f\u4e00\u6700\u5927\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u56e0\uff09\u3068\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u30fb\u5358\u4e00\u56e0\u679c\u3078\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u4e3b\u65e8\u30fb\u8981\u65e8\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a19\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\uff09\u3084\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u672a\u6765\u4e88\u6e2c\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u304c\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u308f\u308b\uff09\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6d88\u53bb\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8907\u6570\u6bb5\u843d\u3092\u5305\u542b\u3059\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u30fb\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7b2c1\u554f\u30fb\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9577\u6587\u8981\u65e8\u628a\u63e1\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M19-\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u4e3b\u984c\u6587] [\u57fa\u790e M30-\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4\u30fb\u8981\u65e8\u554f\u984c\u306e\u5206\u6790]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff14\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3: \u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u30fb\u8ad6\u8a3c\u5c55\u958b\uff08\u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u53cd\u8ad6\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\uff09\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u3068\u5168\u79f0\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066\uff08\u8b72\u6b69\u30fb\u30a2\u30a6\u30d5\u30d8\u30fc\u30d9\u30f3\u7684\u69cb\u9020\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6: \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u767a\u5c55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593: 6\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08Skeptics&#8217; Claim\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5c55\u958b\uff08Author&#8217;s Counter-argument\uff09\u300d\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb1:\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u672c\u6587\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5206\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3002\u300c\u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u306e\u6307\u6458\uff08\u5929\u5019\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\uff09\uff1d\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08True\uff09\u300d&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u300c\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5168\u30b0\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff08False Deduction\uff09\u300d&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;\u300c\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u7d71\u5408\u6280\u8853\u3067\u88dc\u5b8c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3089\uff08Counter-evidence\uff09\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb2:\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc(\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593:150\u79d2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8 \u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96 \u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;While it is true that&#8230;&#8221;\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u80af\u5b9a\uff09\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u77db\u76fe 35\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u9650\u754c\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\uff0b\u5168\u79f0\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\uff0b\u88dc\u5b8c\uff09\u3068\u5408\u81f4 45\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587 &#8220;does not imply that&#8230; is an unattainable goal&#8221; \u3068\u77db\u76fe 35\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306e\u691c\u8a3c \u672c\u6587\u306b\u77f3\u6cb9\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3068\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u306a\u3069\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff08\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\uff09 35\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A)\u306f\u300c\u5929\u5019\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u865a\u507d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d &#8220;While it is true that solar and wind generation depend on weather conditions&#8221;\uff08\u592a\u967d\u5149\u3084\u98a8\u529b\u304c\u5929\u5019\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u771f\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\uff09\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9f\u627f\u8a8d\u306e\u7121\u8996\uff09\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306f\u300c\u65ad\u7d9a\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u9650\u754c\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3064\u3064\u3082\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u7d71\u5408\u6280\u8853\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u88dc\u5b8c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u8131\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5168\u79f0\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u9000\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u69cb\u9020\uff08&#8221;While it is true&#8230;&#8221;\uff3b\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u9650\u754c\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\uff3d&nbsp;$\\to$&nbsp;&#8220;this limitation does not imply&#8230;&#8221;\uff3b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\uff3d&nbsp;$\\to$&#8221;integrating advanced grid-level&#8230; can effectively mitigate&#8221;\uff3b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u7d71\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308b\u88dc\u5b8c\uff3d\uff09\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u8ad6\u7406\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C)\u306f\u300c\u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u5168\u9762\u7684\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3001\u5168\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5316\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u305f\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587 &#8220;represents an oversimplification&#8221;\uff08\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u5358\u7d14\u5316\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u53cd\u8ad6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u771f\u3063\u5411\u304b\u3089\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30fb\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306e\u541f\u5473\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D)\u306f\u300c\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u6280\u8853\u304c\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u77f3\u6cb9\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u3092\u305f\u3069\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u6280\u8853\u3068\u77f3\u6cb9\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u306e\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u300d\u306a\u3069\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u8a18\u8f09\u30fb\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u985e\u63a8\u30fb\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u904e\u8aa4\uff09\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u507d\u300d\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb3:\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 \u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u3092\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: \u7b46\u8005\u306f\u7b2c3\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001&#8221;While it is true that&#8230;&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u306f\u771f\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u306e\u6307\u6458\u3059\u308b\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08\u5929\u5019\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\uff09\u3092\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u8a8d\u3081\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\uff08\u8b72\u6b69\uff09\u3001&#8221;this limitation does not imply that&#8230; is an unattainable goal&#8221;\uff08\u3053\u306e\u9650\u754c\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u76ee\u6a19\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073 &#8220;represents an oversimplification&#8221;\uff08\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u5358\u7d14\u5316\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u61d0\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u304c\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u300c\u5168\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5316\u306f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5168\u79f0\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u9000\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u627f\u8a8d \uff0b \u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u6027\u306e\u6307\u6458 \uff0b \u4ee3\u66ff\u6280\u8853\uff08\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u7b49\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2(B)\u306b\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8981\u7d04\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(A): \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;While it is true that&#8230;&#8221;\uff08\u301c\u306f\u771f\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u8a8d\u5bb9\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u300c\u4e8b\u5b9f\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u865a\u507d\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u507d\u3063\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(C): \u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;represents an oversimplification&#8221;\uff08\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u5358\u7d14\u5316\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u53cd\u8ad6\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u300c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3060\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u305f\u300d\u3068\u771f\u9006\u306b\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2(D): \u672c\u6587\u306b\u4e00\u5207\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u306a\u3044\u300c\u77f3\u6cb9\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3068\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8a3c\u660e\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u4ed8\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u300c\u8b72\u6b69\uff08While it is true&#8230;\uff09\uff0b \u53cd\u8ad6\uff08but \/ does not imply&#8230;\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4e8c\u6bb5\u69cb\u3048\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u554f\u3046\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u304f\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u6027\u306e\u6307\u6458\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3066\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u90e8\u30fb\u653f\u6cbb\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u90e8\u3001\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u8ffd\u8de1\u30fb\u6bb5\u843d\u6a5f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M15-\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3068\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2] [\u57fa\u790e M21-\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8aad\u89e3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b66\u7fd2\u8a55\u4fa1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\u69cb\u6210<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u914d\u70b9<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u5927\u554f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u767a\u5c55<\/td><td>50\u70b9<\/td><td>\u7b2c\uff11\u554f\u3001\u7b2c\uff14\u554f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u96e3\u95a2<\/td><td>50\u70b9<\/td><td>\u7b2c\uff12\u554f\u3001\u7b2c\uff13\u554f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u6d3b\u7528<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u5f97\u70b9<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u5224\u5b9a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u63a8\u5968\u30a2\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>85\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/td><td>A<\/td><td>\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u601d\u8003\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5b9a\u7740\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u81ea\u4fe1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u6f14\u7fd2\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>70\u301c84\u70b9<\/td><td>B<\/td><td>\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u306f\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3084\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u6b6a\u66f2\u306e\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c2\u5c64\u3010\u539f\u7406\u3011\u3092\u518d\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>55\u301c69\u70b9<\/td><td>C<\/td><td>\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u3084\u7121\u5224\u5b9a\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u8a18\u8f09\uff09\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c1\u5c64\u3010\u8996\u5ea7\u3011\u306e\u6210\u5206\u5206\u89e3\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5fa9\u7fd2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>55\u70b9\u672a\u6e80<\/td><td>D<\/td><td>\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u4f53\u304c\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a72\u5f53\u8b1b\u7fa9\uff08M06\u8996\u5ea7\u30fb\u539f\u7406\uff09\u3092\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u7cbe\u8aad\u3057\u3001\u601d\u8003\u624b\u9806\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66 \u82f1\u8a9e \u7279\u5316\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb M06:\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u3068\u7455\u75b5\u306e\u691c\u77e5\u4f53\u7cfb \u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u69cb\u6210 \u96e3\u95a2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u5165\u8a66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u578b\u30fb\u8a18\u8ff0\u578b\u554f\u308f\u305a\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u300c\u5185\u5bb9\u771f\u507d\u5224\u5b9a\u300d\u300c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u541f\u5473\u300d\u300c\u547d\u984c\u691c\u8a3c\u300d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u611f\u899a\u7684\u306a 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