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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u6587\u8108\u3084\u54c1\u8a5e\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8a9e\u5f59\u3084\u69cb\u6587\u3078\u3068\u59ff\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u898f\u5247\u4f53\u7cfb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167\uff1a[\u57fa\u790e M30]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u7f6e\u63db\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5358\u8a9e\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u6b63\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u7a00\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u540c\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u3078\u306e\u7f6e\u63db\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a9e\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u3092\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u305b\u305f\u540c\u7fa9\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u5909\u63db\u69d8\u614b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u524d\u8005\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7f6e\u63db\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u53cd\u8ee2\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u7f6e\u63db\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u540c\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u7f6e\u63db\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u306a\u6587\u5b57\u914d\u5217\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u8aad\u307f\u65b9\u306f\u6b63\u7b54\u306e\u6355\u6349\u3092\u59a8\u3052\u308b\u3002\u6b63\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u540c\u7fa9\u8a9e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u8fd1\u63a5\u3059\u308b\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u3078\u3068\u7f6e\u63db\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7f6e\u63db\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u7f6e\u63db\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u610f\u5473\u5834\u306b\u5c5e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08\u8a9e\u306e\u9023\u7d50\u95a2\u4fc2\uff09\u304c\u610f\u5473\u306e\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u6975\u6027\uff08\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30fb\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\uff09\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5358\u306a\u308b\u8f9e\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u306a\u540c\u7fa9\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u5883\u754c\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u304b\u3089\u3001\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u3067\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u7f6e\u63db\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u7126\u70b9\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7fa4\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u305d\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u540c\u7fa9\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\uff12\uff10\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u306b\u8d70\u67fb\u30fb\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u969b\u3001\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u3084\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59\u3078\u306e\u683c\u4e0a\u3052\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7f6e\u63db\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a9e\u5f59\u304c\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3084\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u672c\u6587\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u518d\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The committee rejected the proposal.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The proposal was turned down.&#8221; \u3068\u7f6e\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u540c\u7fa9\u7f6e\u63db\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u547d\u984c\u306e\u771f\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Her findings significantly altered existing theories.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Her research modified established paradigms.&#8221; \u3068\u7f6e\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002alter \u304c modify \u306b\u3001existing theories \u304c established paradigms \u306b\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u3078\u306e\u6574\u7136\u305f\u308b\u7f6e\u63db\u304c\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The unexpected fiscal crisis precipitated the decline of the corporation.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The financial problem accelerated the firm&#8217;s collapse.&#8221; \u3068\u7f6e\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u304c\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u3067\u518d\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u3082\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The administration refused to compromise on the environmental standards.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The government avoided strict ecological regulations.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002refused to compromise\uff08\u59a5\u5354\u3092\u62d2\u3093\u3060\uff09\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u97ff\u304d\u304b\u3089 avoided\uff08\u907f\u3051\u305f\uff09\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u8996\u3057\u3066\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u672c\u6587\u306f\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u5805\u6301\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u898f\u5236\u304b\u3089\u306e\u9003\u907f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6975\u6027\u304c\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6587\u8108\u7684\u9069\u5408\u6027\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u3092\u770b\u7834\u3057\u6392\u9664\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u8a9e\u5f59\u7684\u7f6e\u63db\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u53cd\u7fa9\u8a9e\u5426\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u540c\u7fa9\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u547d\u984c\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u3068\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a9e\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u76f4\u3059\u6280\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u6b63\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u3084\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a9e\u5426\u5b9a\u304c\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u80af\u5b9a\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u5c0e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u305d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\uff09\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\uff08partially, completely \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306a\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6975\u6027\u3092\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u771f\u7406\u5024\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a9e\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\uff08not, hardly, fail to \u7b49\uff09\u3068\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a9e\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u30fb\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u3068\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a9e\u3092\u76f8\u6bba\u3057\u3066\u80af\u5b9a\u547d\u984c\u3078\u3068\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\uff11\uff15\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u80af\u5b9a\u547d\u984c\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u6574\u5408\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u64cd\u4f5c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u8a9e\u9806\u3084\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u8ca0\u8377\u304c\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u8efd\u6e1b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The new methodology is reliable.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The new approach is not untrustworthy.&#8221; \u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5426\u5b9a\u8f9e\u3068\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e un- \u304c\u76f8\u6bba\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u80af\u5b9a\u547d\u984c\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The historical documents remained intact.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The archival records were not damaged.&#8221; \u3068\u7f6e\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002intact\uff08\u7121\u50b7\u306e\uff09\u304c not damaged\uff08\u640d\u50b7\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3078\u3068\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a9e\u5426\u5b9a\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The intervention was successful.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The project did not fail to produce results.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6210\u529f\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u80af\u5b9a\u547d\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5fa9\u5143\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The solution was simple and straightforward.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The approach was not completely impossible.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002impossible \u306b not \u304c\u4ed8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u80af\u5b9a\u3068\u77ed\u7d61\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u5358\u7d14\u300d\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u7f60\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002not completely impossible \u306f\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff08\u6975\u3081\u3066\u56f0\u96e3\u3060\u304c\u8f9b\u3046\u3058\u3066\u53ef\u80fd\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3059\u304e\u305a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u5e73\u6613\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u306f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u306e\u6c34\u6e96\u304c\u5168\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u7a0b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u306e\u4ecb\u5728\u306b\u3088\u308b\u610f\u5473\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u770b\u7834\u3057\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a9e\u5426\u5b9a\u304c\u5185\u5305\u3059\u308b\u80af\u5b9a\u547d\u984c\u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u7f6e\u63db\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u3092\u306a\u3059\u7d71\u8a9e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8ee2\u63db\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u4e3b\u5ba2\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u54c1\u8a5e\u8ee2\u63db\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u30fb\u52d5\u8a5e\u5316\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u547d\u984c\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u69cb\u6587\u5909\u63db\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u8ee2\u63db<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u308f\u308b\u614b\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u306f\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u9806\u3092\u5287\u7684\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u901f\u8aad\u6642\u306e\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u614b\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u80fd\u52d5\u6587\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\uff08Agent\uff09\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u6587\u306e\\(\\text{by}\\)\u53e5\u304c\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u80fd\u52d5\u6587\u306e\u88ab\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\uff08Patient\uff09\u304c\u53d7\u52d5\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u683c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3078\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u79fb\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u6642\u5236\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5b8c\u4e86\u30fb\u9032\u884c\u306e\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u5411\u304d\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u6587\u8996\u5ea7\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u69cb\u6587\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u3067\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u614b\uff08\u80fd\u52d5\u304b\u53d7\u52d5\u304b\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u614b\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\uff11\uff15\u79d2\u3067\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6642\u5236\u3084\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u3078\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u7b49\uff09\u304c\u7d1b\u308c\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;A severe drought devastated the regional wheat harvest.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The regional wheat harvest was ruined by a severe drought.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u88ab\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3078\u7e70\u308a\u4e0a\u304c\u308a\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e ruin \u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3078\u3068\u9069\u683c\u306b\u8ee2\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Leading economists criticized the newly implemented fiscal policy.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The newly implemented fiscal policy came under intense criticism from prominent economists.&#8221; \u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u53d7\u52d5\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3064\u540d\u8a5e\u69cb\u6587\u3078\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u304c\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The research team meticulously analyzed the astronomical data.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The astronomical data was analyzed meticulously by the scientists.&#8221; \u3068\u7f6e\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u614b\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u526f\u8a5e\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u95a2\u4fc2\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The unprecedented earthquake triggered a catastrophic tsunami.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;A catastrophic tsunami was generated and triggered the unprecedented earthquake.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002triggered \u3068\u3044\u3046\u540c\u4e00\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u304c\u6df7\u5728\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u3067\u4e3b\u5ba2\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u8aa4\u7b54\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u6d25\u6ce2\u304c\u5730\u9707\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u975e\u73fe\u5b9f\u7684\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u9006\u8ee2\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u3068\u88ab\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u3092\u6307\u5dee\u3057\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u901f\u3084\u304b\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u614b\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u4e3b\u5ba2\u914d\u7f6e\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u54c1\u8a5e\u8ee2\u63db\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u30fb\u52d5\u8a5e\u5316\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u5909\u63db<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8a00\u8aac\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u3078\u3068\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\uff08nominalization\uff09\u306f\u983b\u51fa\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u54c1\u8a5e\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3084\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u304c\u6240\u6709\u683c\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\uff08of, by \u7b49\uff09\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u610f\u5473\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u640d\u306a\u308f\u306a\u3044\u9023\u7d50\u52d5\u8a5e\u3084\u6a5f\u80fd\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08lead to, cause, result in \u7b49\uff09\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u4fee\u98fe\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u526f\u8a5e\u304b\u3089\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3078\u9069\u5207\u306b\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u54c1\u8a5e\u8ee2\u63db\u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3092\u306a\u3059\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\uff08destruction, discovery, reduction \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u5143\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u3078\u3068\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5fa9\u5143\u3057\u3001\u4ed8\u968f\u3059\u308b\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u304b\u3089\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\uff12\uff10\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u547d\u984c\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8907\u6587\u307e\u305f\u306f\u91cd\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The population in the urban areas expanded rapidly.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The rapid expansion of the urban population occurred.&#8221; \u3068\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u526f\u8a5e rapidly \u304c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e rapid \u306b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e expanded \u304c\u540d\u8a5e expansion \u306b\u8ee2\u63db\u3057\u3001\u610f\u5473\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The government decided to subsidize renewable energy.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The government&#8217;s decision on renewable energy subsidies was announced.&#8221; \u3068\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u3078\u3068\u5727\u7e2e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The device operates efficiently, which reduces operating costs.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The efficient operation of the device leads to cost reductions.&#8221; \u3068\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u8907\u6587\u304c\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u69cb\u6587\u3078\u3068\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308a\u51dd\u7e2e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The committee extensively discussed how to allocate the emergency budget.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The allocation of the emergency budget was finalized after extensive discussions.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002discussed \u304c discussions \u306b\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u5b89\u4f4f\u3057\u3001finalized\uff08\u6700\u7d42\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306a\u3044\u5b8c\u4e86\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u8ff0\u8a9e\u306b\u7d1b\u308c\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u7f60\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306f\u8a0e\u8b70\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u306b\u3059\u304e\u305a\u3001\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306e\u5b8c\u4e86\u307e\u3067\u306f\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4ed8\u52a0\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u54c1\u8a5e\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u5206\u6790\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"28822\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5bfe\u5fdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u3068\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3057\u3066\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e0b\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u304b\u3089\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u306e\u6607\u83ef\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u8a00\u660e\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u6982\u5ff5\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u65b9\u5411\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u5bfe\u6bd4\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u4e0b\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u304b\u3089\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u500b\u5225\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u3001\u6b63\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u306f\u4e00\u6bb5\u9ad8\u3044\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u8a9e\u5f59\u3067\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u7fa4\u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5305\u6442\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u306b\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u9038\u8131\uff08\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u98db\u8e8d\uff09\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u5305\u62ec\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u624b\u9806\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u540d\u8a5e\uff08instruments, methods, challenges, pollutants \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u623b\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u5217\u6319\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7b87\u6240\u3092\uff11\uff15\u79d2\u3067\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u305d\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u4ee3\u8868\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The laboratory purchased advanced spectrometers, microscopes, and chromatographs.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The facility acquired sophisticated analytical instruments.&#8221; \u3068\u8981\u7d04\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u6a5f\u5668\u304c\u300c\u5206\u6790\u6a5f\u5668\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u5305\u6442\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The project faced unexpected budget deficits and severe supply shortages.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The initiative encountered serious logistical and financial obstacles.&#8221; \u3068\u7f6e\u63db\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u500b\u5225\u306e\u56f0\u96e3\u304c\u300c\u969c\u5bb3\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0a\u4f4d\u8a9e\u3067\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u5305\u62ec\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Apples, oranges, and bananas are rich in essential vitamins.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Certain fruits provide vital nutrients.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u679c\u7269\u3068\u6804\u990a\u7d20\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u304c\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The company manufactures smartphones, laptops, and tablet computers.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The company produces all consumer electronic appliances.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e0a\u4f4d\u8a9e\u306b\u6607\u83ef\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001all \u304a\u3088\u3073 appliances\uff08\u5bb6\u96fb\u88fd\u54c1\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u304c\u51b7\u8535\u5eab\u3084\u6d17\u6fef\u6a5f\u307e\u3067\u5305\u542b\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5916\u5ef6\u3092\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u9038\u8131\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5305\u6442\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u304c\u904e\u5927\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u6392\u9664\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u5305\u6442\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u5305\u62ec\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u500b\u5225\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3078\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8a00\u660e\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3084\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5373\u3057\u305f\u8a18\u8ff0\u3078\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5247\u304b\u3089\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306b\u6f14\u7e79\u3055\u308c\u308b\u59a5\u5f53\u306a\u4e00\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u8a2d\u5b9a\u304c\u6b6a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u5c04\u7a0b\u5185\u306b\u305d\u306e\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u53ce\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u306e\u7167\u5408\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u4f5c\u30fb\u5bfe\u8c61\u30fb\u6570\u5024\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u30fb\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u547d\u984c\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u8108\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u77db\u76fe\u306a\u304f\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\uff12\uff10\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Physical exercise promotes mental health.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Regular jogging can reduce psychological stress.&#8221; \u3068\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u904b\u52d5\u306e\u4e00\u7a2e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b8\u30e7\u30ae\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The treaty restricts the emission of greenhouse gases.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;The agreement limits the release of carbon dioxide from industrial plants.&#8221; \u3068\u6577\u884d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6e29\u5ba4\u52b9\u679c\u30ac\u30b9\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u306b\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u59a5\u5f53\u306a\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Alternative energy sources are being adopted worldwide.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Solar and wind power facilities are increasing across multiple nations.&#8221; \u3068\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Wild animals in this national park must not be fed by visitors under any circumstances.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Visitors should avoid giving bread to bears unless they are hungry.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30d1\u30f3\u3084\u30af\u30de\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u81ea\u4f53\u306f\u9069\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001unless they are hungry\uff08\u7a7a\u8179\u3067\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52dd\u624b\u306a\u4f8b\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u7981\u6b62\uff08under any circumstances\uff09\u3068\u6b63\u9762\u304b\u3089\u885d\u7a81\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u770b\u7834\u3057\u3001\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u547d\u984c\u304b\u3089\u500b\u5225\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3078\u306e\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u7167\u5408\u6280\u8853\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u8aa4\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6b20\u9665\u306e\u985e\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff09\u306f\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u306e\u9699\u3092\u7a81\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6b20\u9665\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u672c\u6587\u975e\u8a00\u53ca\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u5927\u5178\u578b\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u672c\u6587\u975e\u8a00\u53ca\uff08\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff09\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u983b\u5ea6\u306b\u51fa\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u3042\u305f\u304b\u3082\u6b63\u89e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7d1b\u308c\u8fbc\u307e\u305b\u308b\u300c\u672c\u6587\u975e\u8a00\u53ca\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u985e\u578b\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u5e38\u8b58\u3084\u4e88\u5099\u77e5\u8b58\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u898b\u3048\u3066\u3082\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u98db\u8e8d\u306a\u3057\u306b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6f14\u7e79\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u3064\u306a\u304e\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u672a\u8a00\u53ca\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u634f\u9020\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u975e\u8a00\u53ca\u306e\u6392\u9664\u624b\u9806\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8ff0\u90e8\u304c\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u984c\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u8a00\u53ca\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u540c\u7fa9\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\uff11\uff15\u79d2\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u5e38\u8b58\u306b\u7167\u3089\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u6839\u62e0\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u300c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The researcher received widespread acclaim for her discovery.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;She won the Nobel Prize for her groundbreaking work.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u8cde\u53d7\u8cde\u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3082\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u8cde\u8cdb\u304b\u3089\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u98db\u8e8d\u3057\u305f\u975e\u8a00\u53ca\u60c5\u5831\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Solar panel installations increased substantially in European countries.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;European governments provided subsidies to all solar panel manufacturers.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a2d\u7f6e\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\u3001\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u652f\u7d66\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672a\u8a00\u53ca\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u634f\u9020\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The ancient ruins were heavily eroded by wind and rain over centuries.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Human tourists intentionally damaged the fragile structures.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4fb5\u98df\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306f\u81ea\u7136\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u307f\u304c\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u7834\u58ca\u306f\u672c\u6587\u306b\u4e00\u5207\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The local library introduced digital audiobooks, which immediately attracted young users.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Printed books in the library were replaced entirely by digital media because young people prefer them.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u82e5\u8005\u304c\u30aa\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30aa\u30d6\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u597d\u3093\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u5f15\u304b\u308c\u3001\u7d19\u306e\u672c\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5ec3\u68c4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u300c\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3061\u306a\u6d41\u308c\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u8aa4\u308a\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f\u7d19\u306e\u672c\u306e\u5168\u5ec3\u306a\u3069\u4e00\u5207\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\u3092\u672c\u6587\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u305f\u6b20\u9665\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5e38\u8b58\u3068\u672c\u6587\u6839\u62e0\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u6392\u3057\u305f\u672c\u6587\u975e\u8a00\u53ca\u306e\u5cfb\u5225\u6cd5\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u4e3b\u5ba2\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\uff08\u9006\uff09\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u5de7\u307f\u306b\u6563\u308a\u3070\u3081\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306b\u3059\u308b\u300c\u9006\u300d\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u89e3\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u3068\u88ab\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\uff08\u8ab0\u304c\u8ab0\u306b\u4f5c\u7528\u3057\u305f\u304b\uff09\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u6bd4\u8f03\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u512a\u52a3\u306e\u5411\u304d\u304c\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95a2\u4fc2\u9006\u8ee2\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u6a19\u8b58\uff08cause, lead to, result from \u7b49\uff09\u3084\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d1a\u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u77e2\u5370\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8996\u899a\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u4e3b\u5ba2\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\uff11\uff15\u79d2\u3067\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u77e2\u5370\u306e\u5411\u304d\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Heavy traffic congestion resulted from the sudden closure of the bridge.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The closure of the bridge was caused by heavy traffic congestion.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u6a4b\u306e\u9589\u9396\uff09\u3068\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u6e0b\u6ede\uff09\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Predator populations declined as a direct consequence of prey scarcity.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The scarcity of prey was brought about by the sharp decline in predators.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u88ab\u98df\u8005\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u304c\u6355\u98df\u8005\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u3092\u62db\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u5411\u304d\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Company A acquired Company B after prolonged negotiations.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Company A was successfully taken over by Company B.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8cb7\u53ce\u3057\u305f\u4e3b\u4f53\u3068\u8cb7\u53ce\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5ba2\u4f53\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The increase in public transportation fares led to widespread dissatisfaction among suburban commuters.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Suburban commuters&#8217; dissatisfaction prompted the transport authorities to raise fares.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\uff08fares, dissatisfaction, commuters\uff09\u304c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u3067\u5358\u8a9e\u7167\u5408\u306e\u307f\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3068\u6b63\u89e3\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u672c\u6587\u306f\u904b\u8cc3\u5024\u4e0a\u3052\u304c\u4e0d\u6e80\u3092\u62db\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u4e0d\u6e80\u304c\u5024\u4e0a\u3052\u3092\u4fc3\u3057\u305f\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9006\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u8ad6\u7406\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u7167\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308a\u901f\u3084\u304b\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e3b\u5ba2\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u770b\u7834\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"28822\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u9650\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u3092\u6b6a\u3081\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3084\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u9650\u5b9a\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u8aa4\u7b54\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u62e1\u5927\u89e3\u91c8\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7a0b\u5ea6\u30fb\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u308b\u6b6a\u307f\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08all, every, only\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\\(\\text{all, every, always, never, only, solely, completely}\\)\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u30fb\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u306a\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u9ad8\u78ba\u7387\u3067\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u672c\u6587\u304c\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u666e\u904d\u5316\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u50be\u5411\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3078\u3068\u8a87\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306a\u3044\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\uff08\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u5916\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7fa4\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08all, only, must \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u30de\u30eb\u3067\u56f2\u3093\u3067\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u7dcf\u79f0\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff08tend to, generally, often \u7b49\uff09\u3084\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304c\u4f8b\u5916\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Many participants experienced improved sleep quality after the intervention.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Every participant completely resolved their sleep issues.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002many \u304c every \u306b\u3001improved \u304c completely resolved \u306b\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The technology is primarily used in the automotive industry.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The technology is utilized only by automobile manufacturers.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002primarily\uff08\u4e3b\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff09\u304c only\uff08\u552f\u4e00\uff09\u3078\u3068\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u306b\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Regular exercise often reduces stress levels.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Physical activity always eliminates psychological tension.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u50be\u5411\u304c\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3078\u3068\u8a87\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The museum offers free admission to students on weekdays.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Students can visit the museum without paying any fee only on weekends.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5e73\u65e5\uff08weekdays\uff09\u3068\u9031\u672b\uff08weekends\uff09\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3001only \u306b\u3088\u308b\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u304c\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u7f60\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5e73\u65e5\u7121\u6599\u3068\u3044\u3046\u80af\u5b9a\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u3001\u9031\u672b\u3057\u304b\u7121\u6599\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6392\u4ed6\u547d\u984c\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u770b\u7834\u3057\u3001\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u4ed5\u639b\u3051\u308b\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u306e\u770b\u7834\u624b\u9806\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u7a0b\u5ea6\u30fb\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\uff08\u30ad\u30ba\u30fb\u30ba\u30ec\uff09\u306e\u8b58\u5225<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3084\u983b\u5ea6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u526f\u8a5e\u30fb\u6570\u91cf\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306a\u30ba\u30ec\uff08\u30ad\u30ba\uff09\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u5fcd\u3073\u8fbc\u307e\u305b\u308b\u8aa4\u7b54\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6570\u91cf\u30fb\u6bd4\u7387\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6570\u5024\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u7b49\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u983b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\uff08sometimes \u3068 usually \u7b49\uff09\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\uff08might \u3068 definitely \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7a0b\u5ea6\u30fb\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6570\u91cf\u8a5e\u30fb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u30fb\u983b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u3092\u30d4\u30f3\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u6570\u91cf\u30fb\u983b\u5ea6\u8868\u73fe\u3068\uff11\u5bfe\uff11\u3067\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u308f\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3082\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u30fb\u7e2e\u5c0f\u3084\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u683c\u4e0a\u3052\u30fb\u683c\u4e0b\u3052\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u30ad\u30ba\u3042\u308a\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Nearly half of the surveyed citizens supported the initiative.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The majority of citizens approved of the plan.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u534a\u6570\u8fd1\u304f\uff0850%\u672a\u6e80\uff09\u300d\u304c\u300c\u904e\u534a\u6570\uff0850%\u8d85\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u5de7\u5999\u306b\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The symptom occasionally occurs in rare cases.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Patients usually suffer from this symptom.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002occasionally\uff08\u305f\u307e\u306b\uff09\u304c usually\uff08\u666e\u901a\u306f\uff09\u3078\u3068\u983b\u5ea6\u304c\u6539\u5909\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The project might be completed by the end of next month.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The team will definitely finish the work within a month.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u63a8\u91cf\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u78ba\u5b9f\u306a\u65ad\u5b9a\u3078\u3068\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;Most European participants preferred the direct negotiation approach, while some favored written proposals.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Almost all participants rejected written proposals in favor of direct discussions.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5927\u534a\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u6e09\u3092\u597d\u3093\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304b\u3089\u98db\u8e8d\u3057\u3001some favored\uff08\u597d\u3093\u3060\u8005\u3082\u3044\u305f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066 almost all rejected\uff08\u307b\u307c\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u62d2\u7d76\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3068\u8a87\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u9664\u3078\u3068\u6b6a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30ad\u30ba\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\u306b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u305f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u30fb\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16. \u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u610f\u898b\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u69cb\u9020<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u7b2c\uff12\u554f\u7b49\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u554f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u300c\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08Fact\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u610f\u898b\uff08Opinion\uff09\u300d\u306e\u5cfb\u5225\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u89e3\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u8ef8\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u6df7\u5165\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u610f\u898b\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u6df7\u5165\u3059\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u8996\u5ea7\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u65b9\u91dd\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff11. \u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u610f\u898b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6392\u9664<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u300c\u672c\u6587\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08fact\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u767b\u5834\u4eba\u7269\u3084\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u610f\u898b\u30fb\u4fa1\u5024\u5224\u65ad\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6587\u304c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff08great, beautiful, best, wonderful \u7b49\uff09\u3084\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\uff08should, ought to \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u304c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u89b3\u5bdf\u30fb\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u6587\u306b fact \u306e\u6587\u8a00\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u300c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7fa4\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u4fa1\u5024\u5224\u65ad\u3084\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u8a9e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\uff11\uff10\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u672c\u6587\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u306e\u3042\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The hotel was constructed in 1925 and features a spacious lobby.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The hotel has the most comfortable atmosphere in the city.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002atmosphere \u304c\u5feb\u9069\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u306f\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u691c\u8a3c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The train operates every ten minutes during peak hours.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The train schedule is exceptionally convenient for all passengers.&#8221; \u306f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u904b\u884c\u983b\u5ea6\u306f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3060\u304c\u3001\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a55\u4fa1\u306f\u610f\u898b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The smartphone model weighs 150 grams and comes with a two-year warranty.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The smartphone offers a two-year warranty.&#8221; \u306f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587 &#8220;The author spent five years living in the remote mountain village and wrote a memoir.&#8221; \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u3067 &#8220;The author&#8217;s memoir is a wonderful masterpiece that everyone should read.&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u3067\u7d76\u8cdb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6587\u8108\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u8aa4\u7b54\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057 should \u3084 wonderful \u3092\u542b\u3080\u8a00\u660e\u306f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u610f\u898b\uff08opinion\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08fact\uff09\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u6b63\u89e3\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08&#8221;The author lived in the village for five years.&#8221; \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u610f\u898b\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u6392\u9664\u6cd5\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff12. \u610f\u898b\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6392\u9664<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u300c\u767b\u5834\u4eba\u7269\u3084\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u610f\u898b\uff08opinion \/ belief\uff09\u300d\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u307f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u672c\u6587\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u8ab0\u304b\u306e\u5185\u9762\u7684\u306a\u4fa1\u5024\u8a55\u4fa1\u3001\u89e3\u91c8\u3001\u63a8\u6e2c\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u3078\u306e\u63d0\u8a00\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3084\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u5831\u544a\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08think, believe, feel \u7b49\uff09\u3084\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u304c\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u610f\u898b\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u6587\u304c opinion \u3084 think \u7b49\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u554f\u3046\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6570\u5024\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u3001\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u307f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u6587\u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4fa1\u5024\u5224\u65ad\u3084\u5c06\u6765\u3078\u306e\u63d0\u8a00\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u610f\u898b\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The new highway was opened to traffic last Monday.&#8221; \u306f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u5831\u544a\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6b63\u89e3\u306f &#8220;The new highway will improve the quality of life for residents.&#8221; \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u4e88\u6e2c\u30fb\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u542b\u3080\u6587\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The product costs fifty dollars.&#8221; \u306f\u4fa1\u683c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u3001&#8221;The product is overpriced considering its quality.&#8221; \u304c\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306e\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The restaurant serves Italian cuisine.&#8221; \u306f\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30eb\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u3001&#8221;The restaurant serves the most authentic pasta in town.&#8221; \u304c\u610f\u898b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a1\u629e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u7b46\u8005\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The scientific experiment was funded by a government grant of two million dollars.&#8221; \u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u52a9\u6210\u91d1\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u8aa4\u308a\u304c\u983b\u767a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3053\u308c\u306f\u516c\u7684\u52a9\u6210\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u610f\u898b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u52a9\u6210\u91d1\u306e\u4f7f\u9014\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u4e0b\u3057\u305f\u8a55\u4fa1\uff08&#8221;The expenditure was an irresponsible waste of taxpayer money.&#8221; \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9078\u3070\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u610f\u898b\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u5cfb\u5225\u3068\u6b63\u7b54\u540c\u5b9a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M21]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 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data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u4e3b\u8a9e\u30fb\u8ff0\u8a9e\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u9805\u69cb\u9020\u7167\u5408\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u6587\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u9805\u69cb\u9020\uff08Argument Structure\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u3001\u88ab\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u3001\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u610f\u5473\u5f79\u5272\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u7167\u5408\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u4fa1\u306e\u5145\u8db3\u78ba\u8a8d\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u7d71\u8a9e\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u3068\u88ab\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u7167\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u3068\u88ab\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u7167\u5408\u306e\u624b\u9806\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u4fa1\u3068\u9805\u306e\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u5224\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d50\u5408\u4fa1\u7167\u5408\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e3b\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u9808\u9805\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u60f3\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u5185\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304c\u305d\u306e\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u57cb\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u305f\u5fc5\u9808\u306e\u76f8\u624b\u65b9\u3084\u5bfe\u8c61\u304c\u6b20\u843d\u3057\u3001\u6587\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u4fa1\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u9805\u306e\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u5224\u5b9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff08\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\uff09\u7167\u5408\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3001\u7a0b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u6587\u306e\u3069\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u307e\u3067\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u300c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff08Scope\uff09\u300d\u306e\u30ba\u30ec\u306f\u3001\u767a\u898b\u304c\u6700\u3082\u56f0\u96e3\u306a\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7a0b\u5ea6\u30fb\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u4fee\u98fe\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08not, never \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u8ff0\u8a9e\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u53e5\u306e\u307f\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\\(\\text{not all, not always}\\)\uff09\u3068\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\uff08\\(\\text{none, never}\\)\uff09\u306e\u533a\u5225\u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u7406\u7531\u7bc0\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff08\u301c\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u2026\u306a\u3044\uff09\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u518d\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u4e8c\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u304c\u80af\u5b9a\u306e\u5f37\u5ea6\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u3066\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5426\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u4e2d\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u53f3\u5074\u306b\u5e83\u304c\u308b\u652f\u914d\u9818\u57df\u3092\u30d6\u30e9\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u62ec\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3092\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u5e83\u72ed\u3092\uff12\uff10\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u3067\u6bd4\u8f03\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u304c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u3078\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6587\u5426\u5b9a\u304c\u8a9e\u5426\u5b9a\u3078\u3068\u5909\u8cea\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u8cdb\u6210\u3057\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u53cd\u5bfe\u3057\u305f\u5b66\u751f\u3082\u4e00\u90e8\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u542b\u610f\u304c\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u6349\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u6709\u540d\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u50b2\u6162\u306a\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u5f7c\u5973\u306e\u8b19\u865a\u3055\u306f\u3001\u5f7c\u5973\u306e\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3002\u7406\u7531\u7bc0\u5426\u5b9a\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u305d\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3048\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u306f\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\u3068\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9f\u6027\u306e\u8a00\u660e\u304c\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u9ad8\u4fa1\u306a\u6a5f\u5668\u304c\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u512a\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u3068\u306f\u9650\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u9ad8\u4fa1\u306a\u6a5f\u5668\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u826f\u3044\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u5426\u5b9a\uff08not necessarily\uff09\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\uff08never\uff09\u3078\u3068\u4e0d\u5f53\u306b\u62e1\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5426\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u539f\u7406\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u7a0b\u5ea6\u30fb\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">only, almost, hardly \u306a\u3069\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u3069\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u7d20\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u304b\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u304b\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u306b\u304b\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306b\u304b\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6587\u306e\u771f\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u6570\u91cf\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u304c\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u672c\u6587\u304c\u660e\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08only, just, merely \u7b49\uff09\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u88ab\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u305d\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5236\u9650\u304c\u3069\u306e\u8a9e\u53e5\u306b\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4fee\u98fe\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u304b\u3089\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3078\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6761\u4ef6\u304b\u3089\u7d50\u679c\u3078\u3068\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u9031\u672b\u306b\u306e\u307f\u958b\u9928\u3059\u308b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u5e73\u65e5\u306f\u9589\u9928\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3002\u52d5\u8a5e\u53e5\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u9650\u5b9a\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u767b\u9332\u3092\u6e08\u307e\u305b\u305f\u4f1a\u54e1\u3060\u3051\u304c\u5165\u5834\u3092\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u672a\u767b\u9332\u8005\u306f\u65bd\u8a2d\u3078\u306e\u7acb\u3061\u5165\u308a\u304c\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3002\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u304c\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u307b\u307c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u304c\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u5408\u683c\u3057\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5c11\u6570\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3002almost all \u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u304c\u9069\u5207\u306b\u63db\u8a00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u5f7c\u306f\u4f1a\u8b70\u3067\u63d0\u6848\u3092\u627f\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u306b\u306f\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u5f7c\u3060\u3051\u304c\u4f1a\u8b70\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u63d0\u6848\u306e\u627f\u8a8d\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u3067\u306f\u300c\u627f\u8a8d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u307f\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\uff08\u884c\u70ba\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u5f7c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u307f\u304c\u627f\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\uff08\u4e3b\u4f53\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u300d\u3078\u3068\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4fee\u98fe\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u30ba\u30ec\u3092\u770b\u7834\u3057\u3001\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8a5e\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5c0e\u306e\u6392\u9664\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"28822\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u300c\u672c\u6587\u975e\u8a00\u53ca\uff08\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff09\u300d\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u6392\u9664\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u300cA\u3068B\u306b\u306f\u5f37\u3044\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300cA\u304cB\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3002\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u542b\u610f\u3057\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3067\u9045\u304f\u307e\u3067\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u7fcc\u65e5\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u4e0d\u5b89\u3092\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u614b\u306f\u672c\u6587\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4f4f\u6c11\u304c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u9053\u8def\u5efa\u8a2d\u306b\u8cdb\u6210\u3057\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u53cd\u5bfe\u3057\u305f\u4f4f\u6c11\u306f\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u8cdb\u6210\u304b\u3089\u5168\u54e1\u306e\u8cdb\u6210\u306f\u5c0e\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u904e\u53bb\uff11\uff10\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u306e\u8ca9\u58f2\u53f0\u6570\u306f\u7740\u5b9f\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u30ac\u30bd\u30ea\u30f3\u8eca\u306e\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\u6392\u51fa\u91cf\u304c\u96fb\u6c17\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u306e\u666e\u53ca\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6392\u51fa\u91cf\u6e1b\u5c11\u306f\u74b0\u5883\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u59a5\u5f53\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7dcf\u4ea4\u901a\u91cf\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u3084\u767a\u96fb\u6642\u306e\u6392\u51fa\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8ca9\u58f2\u53f0\u6570\u5897\u52a0\u304b\u3089\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5c0e\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u300c\u56e0\u679c\u30fb\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\uff08\u9006\uff09\u300d\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5411\u304d\u3092180\u5ea6\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u308b\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u7167\u5408\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u5e30\u7d50\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u9006\u8ee2\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u539f\u56e0\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u7167\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\\(C\\)\u3068\u7d50\u679c\\(E\\)\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\\(E\\)\u3092\u539f\u56e0\u3001\\(C\\)\u3092\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u507d\u88c5\u3059\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u80fd\u52d5\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08lead to, cause, trigger \u7b49\uff09\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u73fe\uff08be due to, result from, be caused by \u7b49\uff09\u306e\u4e3b\u5ba2\u304c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u539f\u56e0\u304c\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u5148\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u77e2\u5370\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u540c\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u679c\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u7167\u5408\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u300c\\(C \\to E\\)\u300d\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u30e1\u30e2\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u4fa1\u3092\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\uff11\uff10\u79d2\u3067\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u77e2\u5370\u306e\u5411\u304d\u304c\u300c\\(E \\to C\\)\u300d\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3\u304c\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\uff08\\(\\text{\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3} \\to \\text{\u514d\u75ab\u4f4e\u4e0b}\\)\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\uff08\\(\\text{\u514d\u75ab\u4f4e\u4e0b} \\to \\text{\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3}\\)\uff09\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u71c3\u6599\u4fa1\u683c\u306e\u9ad8\u9a30\u306b\u3088\u308a\u822a\u7a7a\u4f1a\u793e\u306f\u904b\u8cc3\u3092\u5024\u4e0a\u3052\u3057\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u822a\u7a7a\u904b\u8cc3\u306e\u5024\u4e0a\u3052\u304c\u71c3\u6599\u4fa1\u683c\u306e\u9ad8\u9a30\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u304c\u9006\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u571f\u58cc\u4fb5\u98df\u304c\u9032\u3093\u3060\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u690d\u751f\u304c\u5931\u308f\u308c\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u690d\u751f\u306e\u55aa\u5931\u304c\u571f\u58cc\u4fb5\u98df\u306e\u5f15\u304d\u91d1\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3002\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5148\u884c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u304c\u30b3\u30eb\u30c1\u30be\u30fc\u30eb\u5024\u306e\u4e0a\u6607\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u969c\u5bb3\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u8a18\u61b6\u969c\u5bb3\u306b\u82e6\u3057\u3080\u60a3\u8005\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30b3\u30eb\u30c1\u30be\u30fc\u30eb\u5024\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u304c\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3002\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u9023\u9396\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u5371\u967a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306f\u300c\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\\(\\to\\)\u30b3\u30eb\u30c1\u30be\u30fc\u30eb\u4e0a\u6607\\(\\to\\)\u8a18\u61b6\u969c\u5bb3\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u56e0\u679c\u3092\u9006\u6d41\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u77e2\u5370\u306e\u7167\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308a\u901f\u3084\u304b\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u7167\u5408\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8aa4\u7b54\u691c\u51fa\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u5e30\u7d50\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u9006\u8ee2\u306e\u691c\u51fa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\\(P\\)\u306a\u3089\u3070\\(Q\\)\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u6587\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9006\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\\(Q\\)\u306a\u3089\u3070\\(P\\)\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3092\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u8aa4\u8b2c\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u3068\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u884c\u52d5\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u300c\u301c\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u9650\u308a\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u4e3b\u7bc0\u5074\u3078\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u79fb\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6761\u4ef6\u9806\u5e8f\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u7bc0\uff08if, when, provided that \u7b49\uff09\u3068\u4e3b\u7bc0\u306e\u5e30\u7d50\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u9006\u300d\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u96e8\u304c\u964d\u308c\u3070\u8a66\u5408\u306f\u4e2d\u6b62\u3068\u306a\u308b\uff08\\(\\text{\u96e8} \\implies \\text{\u4e2d\u6b62}\\)\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u8a66\u5408\u304c\u4e2d\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u96e8\u304c\u964d\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3060\uff08\\(\\text{\u4e2d\u6b62} \\implies \\text{\u96e8}\\)\uff09\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e2d\u6b62\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u300c\u9006\u300d\u306e\u8aa4\u8b2c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u5165\u4f1a\u8cc7\u683c\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u305b\u3070\u65bd\u8a2d\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u65bd\u8a2d\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8005\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5165\u4f1a\u8cc7\u683c\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u305f\u8005\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3002\u5341\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u70b9\u6570\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u307f\u304c\u9032\u7d1a\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u9032\u7d1a\u3057\u305f\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u6e80\u70b9\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u95be\u5024\u304c\u6b6a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u5341\u5206\u306a\u7761\u7720\u3092\u3068\u3063\u305f\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306f\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u5b9a\u7740\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9855\u8457\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u6b63\u7b54\u7387\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u8a18\u61b6\u5b9a\u7740\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u9ad8\u3044\u6b63\u7b54\u7387\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3057\u305f\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306e\u307f\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306a\u7761\u7720\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3002\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u7761\u7720\uff09\u3068\u5e30\u7d50\uff08\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u30fb\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3078\u306e\u5831\u916c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7761\u7720\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5947\u5999\u306a\u6587\u304c\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u5e30\u7d50\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u78ba\u8a8d\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u984c\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u3092\u770b\u7834\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6392\u9664\u529b\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"28822\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16. \u300c\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u30fb\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\uff08\u8a00\u3044\u904e\u304e\uff09\u300d\u306e\u6392\u9664\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3084\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u307f\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u3001\u5168\u79f0\u547d\u984c\u3084\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u771f\u7406\u3078\u3068\u62e1\u5927\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5168\u79f0\u547d\u984c\u5316\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4f8b\u5916\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u305f\u62e1\u5927\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u6392\u9664\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u306e\u904e\u5270\u5ea6\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff11. \u5168\u79f0\u547d\u984c\u5316\uff08always, completely\uff09\u306e\u691c\u51fa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u304c\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u30fb\u50be\u5411\u7684\uff08tend to, likely, often \u7b49\uff09\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u5168\u79f0\u7684\uff08all, always, every, entirely \u7b49\uff09\u306b\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6b6a\u66f2\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u304c\u78ba\u7387\u3084\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u4f8b\u5916\u3092\u8a31\u3055\u306a\u3044\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u306b\u4e56\u96e2\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5168\u79f0\u547d\u984c\u5316\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u4e2d\u306e\u5168\u79f0\u8a18\u53f7\u7684\u5358\u8a9e\uff08always, impossible, completely, inevitably \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u30de\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u614e\u91cd\u3055\uff08qualifiers: largely, relatively, somewhat \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304c\u9650\u5b9a\u3092\u4ed8\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8a87\u5f35\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u3053\u306e\u5730\u57df\u3067\u306f\u51ac\u306b\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u5927\u96ea\u304c\u964d\u308b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u51ac\u306e\u9593\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u96ea\u306b\u8986\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3002often \u304b\u3089 always \u3078\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u98db\u8e8d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u52d5\u7269\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u6295\u4e0e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u304c\u5065\u5eb7\u88ab\u5bb3\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u300d\u3002some \u304b\u3089 all \u3078\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5236\u5ea6\u306f\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u6210\u529f\u3092\u53ce\u3081\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6b20\u9665\u306e\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u662f\u8a8d\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u5316\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u30bd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u5229\u7528\u306f\u3001\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u306e\u7761\u7720\u969c\u5bb3\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u30bd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u82e5\u8005\u306f\u3001\u4f8b\u5916\u306a\u304f\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u4e0d\u7720\u75c7\u306b\u9665\u308b\u300d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u614e\u91cd\u306a\u76f8\u95a2\u8a00\u53ca\uff08associated with, may\uff09\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u306f\u5168\u79f0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\uff08all without exception, inevitably\uff09\u3078\u3068\u6975\u7aef\u306b\u8a87\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u62e1\u5927\u3092\u6355\u6349\u3057\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5168\u79f0\u547d\u984c\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u7b54\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u770b\u7834\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff12. \u4f8b\u5916\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u305f\u62e1\u5927\u89e3\u91c8\u306e\u6392\u9664<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u304c\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u4f8b\u5916\u3084\u9664\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u524a\u304e\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u898f\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u305b\u304b\u3051\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306b\\(\\text{except, unless, with the exception of, mostly}\\)\u306a\u3069\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u8f9e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u305d\u306e\u9664\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u5f8b\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u4f8b\u5916\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u304c\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5916\u7121\u8996\u306e\u6392\u9664\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u898f\u5b9a\u3084\u7559\u4fdd\u6761\u4ef6\uff08however, but, except \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u305d\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e00\u62ec\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4f8b\u5916\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u5e73\u5766\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u8981\u7d04\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u6708\u66dc\u65e5\u3092\u9664\u304d\u3001\u535a\u7269\u9928\u306f\u6bce\u65e5\u958b\u9928\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u535a\u7269\u9928\u306f\u7121\u4f11\u3067\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3002\u4f8b\u5916\u898f\u5b9a\u306e\u5207\u9664\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u5927\u534a\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u306f\u8cdb\u6210\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u6570\u540d\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u53cd\u5bfe\u3057\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u5168\u54e1\u306e\u5408\u610f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c7a\u8b70\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3002\u53cd\u5bfe\u610f\u898b\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u62b9\u6d88\u3057\u305f\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u9ad8\u5730\u3092\u9664\u304f\u5168\u57df\u3067\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u53ce\u7a6b\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u56fd\u5185\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u571f\u5730\u3067\u8fb2\u696d\u304c\u55b6\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3002\u5730\u7406\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u306e\u7121\u8996\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u91cd\u5ea6\u306e\u6301\u75c5\u3092\u6301\u3064\u60a3\u8005\u3092\u9664\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5b89\u5168\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u3053\u306e\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u60a3\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7121\u5bb3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u304c\u660e\u8a18\u3057\u305f\u300c\u6301\u75c5\u3092\u6301\u3064\u60a3\u8005\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u9664\u5916\u5bfe\u8c61\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u524a\u304e\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3001\u5168\u60a3\u8005\u3078\u306e\u7121\u5bb3\u6027\u3092\u8b33\u3046\u5371\u967a\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u304c\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9664\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u8131\u843d\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u901f\u3084\u304b\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u7559\u4fdd\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u8131\u843d\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u6392\u9664\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17. \u300c\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u30ad\u30ba\uff09\u300d\u306e\u7cbe\u5bc6\u691c\u51fa\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u524d\u534a\u306f\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5b8c\u74a7\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u3084\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306b\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\uff08\u30ad\u30ba\uff09\u304c\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u770b\u7834\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u524d\u534a\u9069\u5408\u30fb\u5f8c\u534a\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u306e\u7f60\u306e\u770b\u7834\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u30fb\u95a2\u4fc2\u7bc0\u306e\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u9f5f\u9f6c\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u30ad\u30ba\u306e\u6f5c\u4f0f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff11. \u524d\u534a\u9069\u5408\u30fb\u5f8c\u534a\u4e0d\u6574\u5408\u306e\u7f60\u306e\u770b\u7834<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u524d\u534a\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u300c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3060\u300d\u3068\u5b89\u5fc3\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306a\u4fee\u6b63\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u76f2\u70b9\u3092\u7a81\u3044\u305f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6587\u672b\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u672c\u6587\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u524d\u534a\u306e\u6b63\u3057\u3055\u306b\u5e7b\u60d1\u3055\u308c\u3066\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u6020\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u5f93\u5c5e\u90e8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u610f\u5473\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u534a\u9069\u5408\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u770b\u7834\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9014\u4e2d\u3067\u8aad\u3080\u306e\u3092\u3084\u3081\u305a\u3001\u30d4\u30ea\u30aa\u30c9\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u307e\u3067\u5747\u7b49\u306a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3067\u7cbe\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u534a\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3053\u305d\u7591\u3044\u306e\u76ee\u3092\u5f37\u3081\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u30fb\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u30fb\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u3092\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306b\u4e00\u7b87\u6240\u3067\u3082\u672c\u6587\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u53e5\uff08\u30ad\u30ba\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u524d\u534a\u304c\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u5b8c\u74a7\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u507d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u7834\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u6559\u6388\u306f\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u8457\u66f8\u3092\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u6559\u6388\u306f\u9577\u5e74\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u8457\u66f8\u3092\u3001\u81ea\u8cbb\u3067\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u524d\u534a\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u8cbb\u3067\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672a\u8a00\u53ca\u306e\u30ad\u30ba\u304c\u672b\u5c3e\u306b\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u4ea4\u901a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u3092\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u4ea4\u901a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u3001\u91ce\u515a\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u8cdb\u540c\u3092\u5f97\u3066\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3068\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u300c\u91ce\u515a\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u8cdb\u540c\u3092\u5f97\u3066\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u98df\u3044\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u672b\u5c3e\u306b\u6f5c\u3080\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u6cd5\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff12. \u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u30fb\u95a2\u4fc2\u7bc0\u306b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u305f\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u9f5f\u9f6c\u306e\u691c\u51fa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff11. \u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u554f\u3044\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5fdc\u7b54\u6027\u306e\u7167\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u771f\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u300c\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u554f\u3046\u3066\u3044\u308b\u554f\u3044\u306e\u7b54\u3048\u300d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u6b63\u89e3\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u7591\u554f\u8a5e\uff08Why, How, What 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f\u5fdc\u7b54\u6027\u306e\u7167\u5408\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u6587\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\uff08\u7406\u7531\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u8a00\u8a9e\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u5148\u982d\u306b\u300c\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\uff08\u7406\u7531\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff09\u300d\u306a\u3069\u3092\u88dc\u3063\u3066\u8a2d\u554f\u3068\u76f4\u7d50\u3055\u305b\u3001\u5bfe\u8a71\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u554f\u3044\u306e\u7b54\u3048\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3092\u300c\u8ad6\u70b9\u30ba\u30ec\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u8a2d\u554f\u300c\u306a\u305c\u5b9f\u9a13\u306f\u5ef6\u671f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u304b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u5b9f\u9a13\u6a5f\u5668\u306f\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u578b\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3002\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u6027\u80fd\u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5ef6\u671f\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u8a2d\u554f\u300c\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u63d0\u6848\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u554f\u984c\u306f\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u6df1\u523b\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3002\u73fe\u72b6\u306e\u6df1\u523b\u3055\u306f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3060\u304c\u3001\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u8981\u6c42\u3078\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5fdc\u7b54\u6027\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u624b\u9806\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff12. \u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5225\u7b87\u6240\u306e\u771f\u5b9f\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u8aa4\u5c0e\u306e\u6392\u9664<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u7b2c\uff13\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u7b2c\uff11\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u629c\u304d\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3002\u9818\u57df\u5916\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6d41\u7528\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u6700\u7d42\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u7b2c\uff12\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u8ad6\u99c1\u3055\u308c\u305f\u53cd\u5bfe\u6d3e\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3092\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3002\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5225\u7b87\u6240\u304b\u3089\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u6d41\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5c0e\u306e\u6392\u9664\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19. \u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u30fb\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u7167\u5408\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ca\u30e9\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\uff08\u7269\u8a9e\u6587\uff09\u3084\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u767a\u751f\u9806\u5e8f\u3084\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\uff08\u5b8c\u4e86\u3068\u9032\u884c\uff09\u306e\u98df\u3044\u9055\u3044\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u751f\u8d77\u9806\u5e8f\u306e\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u7167\u5408\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5b8c\u4e86\u4e8b\u8c61\u3068\u9032\u884c\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u7167\u5408\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u6642\u9593\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u628a\u63e1\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff11. \u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u751f\u8d77\u9806\u5e8f\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u691c\u8a3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u9806\u5e8f\uff08Narrative Order\uff09\u3068\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u767a\u751f\u9806\u5e8f\uff08Chronological Order\uff09\u304c\u56de\u60f3\u3084\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u8a18\u8ff0\u9806\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6642\u9593\u9806\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u5927\u904e\u53bb\uff08had done\uff09\u3084\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\uff08prior to, previously \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u793a\u3059\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u6642\u9593\u7684\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e before \/ after \u304c\u793a\u3059\u9806\u5e8f\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u771f\u507d\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u539f\u56e0\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u7d50\u679c\u4e8b\u8c61\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u7167\u5408\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u767a\u751f\u9806\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u4e0a\u306b\u6570\u5b57\uff081, 2, 3&#8230;\uff09\u3067\u756a\u53f7\u4ed8\u3051\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u524d\u5f8c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08A happened before B \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u3053\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u9806\u756a\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u5230\u7740\u3057\u305f\u6642\u3001\u4f1a\u8b70\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u5230\u7740\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u4f1a\u8b70\u304c\u958b\u59cb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3002\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u9806\u5e8f\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u5927\u5b66\u3092\u5352\u696d\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u7279\u8a31\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u5f7c\u306f\u7279\u8a31\u53d6\u5f97\u306b\u5148\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u5927\u5b66\u3092\u5352\u696d\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u304c\u9006\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u8b66\u5bdf\u304c\u73fe\u5834\u306b\u99c6\u3051\u3064\u3051\u305f\u6642\u306b\u306f\u3001\u72af\u4eba\u306f\u9003\u8d70\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u72af\u4eba\u306e\u9003\u8d70\u306f\u8b66\u5bdf\u306e\u5230\u7740\u306b\u5148\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3002\u6642\u9593\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u304c\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u305d\u306e\u63a2\u691c\u5bb6\u306f\u96e3\u7834\u3057\u305f\u8239\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u305d\u306e\u6570\u65e5\u524d\u306b\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u5d50\u3092\u751f\u304d\u5ef6\u3073\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u63a2\u691c\u5bb6\u306f\u96e3\u7834\u8239\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u5d50\u306b\u906d\u9047\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u53d9\u8ff0\u9806\u5e8f\uff08\u767a\u898b\\(\\to\\)\u5d50\u306e\u56de\u60f3\uff09\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u308c\u3001\u767a\u898b\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u5d50\u304c\u6765\u305f\u3068\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u8aa4\u7b54\u304c\u591a\u767a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86 had survived \u306f\u767a\u898b\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306b\u5d50\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u9806\u5e8f\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u53d9\u8ff0\u9806\u5e8f\u3068\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u306e\u5cfb\u5225\u539f\u7406\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff19.\uff12. \u5b8c\u4e86\u4e8b\u8c61\u3068\u9032\u884c\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u7167\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3059\u3067\u306b\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e8b\u8c61\u3068\u3001\u3044\u307e\u3060\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u3067\u672a\u78ba\u5b9a\u306a\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u7684\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304f\u539f\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u9032\u884c\u76f8\uff08be doing\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u5b8c\u4e86\u76f8\uff08have done\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6210\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u4e86\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u3068\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u7167\u5408\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u306e\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\uff08\u9032\u884c\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u6642\u5236\uff09\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u300c\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\uff08finished, achieved\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u300c\u7d99\u7d9a\u4e2d\u30fb\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff08in progress, ongoing\uff09\u300d\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672a\u5b8c\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3046\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u98db\u8e8d\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u306f\u65b0\u85ac\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3092\u9032\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u9032\u884c\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u65b0\u85ac\u306e\u958b\u767a\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3057\u305f\uff08\u5b8c\u4e86\uff09\u300d\u3002\u672a\u5b8c\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3068\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u5efa\u7269\u306f\u4fee\u5fa9\u4e2d\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u5efa\u7269\u306e\u4fee\u5fa9\u4f5c\u696d\u304c\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u98df\u3044\u9055\u3044\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6cd5\u6848\u3092\u7b56\u5b9a\u4e2d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u65b0\u6cd5\u304c\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u65bd\u884c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3002\u9032\u884c\u3068\u5b8c\u4e86\u30fb\u65bd\u884c\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u5b87\u5b99\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\uff08was analyzing\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u5b87\u5b99\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5206\u6790\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u7d42\u3048\u305f\u300d\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u5f62\u306f\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u3092\u63cf\u5199\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3059\u304e\u305a\u3001\u5206\u6790\u306e\u5b8c\u4e86\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u542b\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672a\u5b8c\u4e86\u306e\u9032\u884c\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u305f\u696d\u7e3e\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u8aa4\u5c0e\u3092\u6349\u3048\u3001\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u7167\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"28822\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff10. \u8a71\u8005\u30fb\u767b\u5834\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u614b\u5ea6\u30fb\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u306e\u7167\u5408\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u547d\u984c\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff08\u63a8\u91cf\u304b\u65ad\u5b9a\u304b\uff09\u3084\u611f\u60c5\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u6975\u6027\uff08\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u304b\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\u304b\uff09\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6b6a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u7167\u5408\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u611f\u60c5\u30fb\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u6975\u6027\u7167\u5408\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u5074\u9762\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff10.\uff11. \u65ad\u5b9a\u3068\u63a8\u91cf\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u7167\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u4eee\u8aac\u3084\u63a8\u91cf\uff08may, could, probably \u7b49\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08is, definitely, must \u7b49\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u306e\u9006\u306e\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a00\u660e\u304c\u76f4\u8aac\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\u30fb\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u65ad\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u63a8\u91cf\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3068\u7b49\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u7d50\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u7167\u5408\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6587\u672b\u3084\u8ff0\u8a9e\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u6a19\u8b58\uff08perhaps, seems, indicates that&#8230; might \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u65ad\u5b9a\u5f62\uff08proves, is, will \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u63a8\u91cf\u304b\u3089\u65ad\u5b9a\u3078\u306e\u4e0d\u5f53\u306a\u683c\u4e0a\u3052\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8ad6\u8a3c\u306e\u5f37\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u3053\u306e\u5316\u77f3\u306f\u65b0\u7a2e\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\uff08might be\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u3053\u306e\u5316\u77f3\u306f\u65b0\u7a2e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a3c\u660e\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff08is proven\uff09\u300d\u3002\u63a8\u91cf\u304c\u65ad\u5b9a\u3078\u6b6a\u66f2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u6c17\u6e29\u4e0a\u6607\u306e\u50be\u5411\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08suggests\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306e\u52a0\u901f\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\uff08conclusively demonstrated\uff09\u300d\u3002\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u306e\u904e\u5270\u306a\u683c\u4e0a\u3052\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u5931\u6557\u306b\u7d42\u308f\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\uff08likely to fail\uff09\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u5d29\u58ca\u3059\u308b\uff08will inevitably collapse\uff09\u300d\u3002\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u898b\u8fbc\u307f\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u5316\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u4e88\u5099\u7684\u306a\u89b3\u5bdf\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7269\u8cea\u306f\u8d85\u4f1d\u5c0e\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u793a\u3059\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u305d\u306e\u7269\u8cea\u306f\u5ba4\u6e29\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8d85\u4f1d\u5c0e\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5224\u660e\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6975\u3081\u3066\u614e\u91cd\u306a\u63a8\u91cf\uff08indicates a potential\uff09\u304c\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u306f\u5224\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u65ad\u5b9a\u3078\u3068\u3059\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8a00\u660e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u5f37\u5ea6\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u65ad\u5b9a\u3068\u63a8\u91cf\u306e\u30e2\u30c0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u7167\u5408\u306e\u904b\u7528\u539f\u7406\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff10.\uff12. \u611f\u60c5\u30fb\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u6975\u6027\uff08\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30fb\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\uff09\u7167\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3084\u767b\u5834\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u62b1\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u611f\u60c5\u3084\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u30dd\u30b8\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\uff09\u304b\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u30cd\u30ac\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\uff09\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u6975\u6027\u304c\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u8cde\u8cdb\u3001\u6279\u5224\u3001\u4e2d\u7acb\u3001\u61f8\u5ff5\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u8a9e\u306e\u6975\u6027\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u76ae\u8089\uff08\u30a2\u30a4\u30ed\u30cb\u30fc\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8868\u9762\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3068\u9006\u306e\u6975\u6027\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6975\u6027\u7167\u5408\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u611f\u60c5\u30fb\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u300c\uff0b\uff08\u80af\u5b9a\uff09\u300d\u300c\u2212\uff08\u5426\u5b9a\uff09\u300d\u300c\uff10\uff08\u4e2d\u7acb\uff09\u300d\u3067\u30bf\u30b0\u4ed8\u3051\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u30fb\u526f\u8a5e\u3092\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u30bf\u30b0\u4ed8\u3051\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6975\u6027\u304c\u98df\u3044\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u672c\u6587\u304c\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\u306a\u306e\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u3001\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u7167\u5408\u3092\u5f85\u305f\u305a\u306b\uff11\uff10\u79d2\u3067\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u672c\u6587\u304c\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u306e\u502b\u7406\u7684\u5371\u967a\u6027\u3092\u61f8\u5ff5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u2212\uff09\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u306e\u753b\u671f\u7684\u306a\u5229\u4fbf\u6027\u3092\u6b53\u8fce\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\uff0b\uff09\u300d\u3002\u6975\u6027\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u767b\u5834\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u88cf\u5207\u308a\u306b\u61a4\u6168\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u2212\uff09\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u76f8\u624b\u306e\u3084\u3080\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u4e8b\u60c5\u306b\u6df1\u304f\u540c\u60c5\u3057\u305f\uff08\uff0b\uff09\u300d\u3002\u611f\u60c5\u6975\u6027\u306e\u9006\u8ee2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u7b46\u8005\u304c\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u975e\u52b9\u7387\u6027\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u2212\uff09\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u4f1d\u7d71\u306e\u6301\u3064\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u64c1\u8b77\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\uff0b\uff09\u300d\u3002\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u300c\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u306f\u305d\u306e\u6620\u753b\u306e\u9673\u8150\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u904e\u5270\u306a\u611f\u50b7\u6027\u3092\u51b7\u3084\u3084\u304b\u306b\u5206\u6790\u3057\u305f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u306f\u305d\u306e\u6620\u753b\u306e\u611f\u60c5\u8c4a\u304b\u306a\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u30c6\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u6df1\u3044\u611f\u9298\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u300d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\uff08clich\u00e9d plot, excessive sentimentality\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u611f\u9298\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6b63\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u6975\u6027\u3092\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u611f\u60c5\u6975\u6027\u306e\u7167\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308a\u901f\u3084\u304b\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u306e\u6975\u6027\u7167\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9ad8\u901f\u6392\u9664\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff11. \u8907\u6570\u6839\u62e0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\uff08AND\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u691c\u8a3c\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u6700\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8907\u6570\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u6563\u5728\u3059\u308b\u6839\u62e0\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u6b63\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u300d\u554f\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\uff08AND\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u7b87\u6240\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u7167\u5408\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6761\u4ef6\u5145\u8db3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6f0f\u308c\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u6392\u9664\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u691c\u8a3c\u306e\u7db2\u7f85\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u89b3\u70b9\u3067\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff11.\uff11. \u672c\u6587\u306e\u8907\u6570\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u6563\u5728\u3059\u308b\u6839\u62e0\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7167\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u6587\u3060\u3051\u3092\u898b\u3066\u9078\u3076\u3068\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306a\u6b63\u3057\u3055\u306b\u9a19\u3055\u308c\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6bb5\u843dA\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u6bb5\u843dB\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\uff08\\(A \\land B\\)\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u3001\u53cc\u65b9\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u8907\u5408\u7684\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u301c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u304b\u3064\u2026\u306a\u3082\u306e\uff09\u3092\u8981\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u304c\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u6587\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u652f\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u306e\u307f\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u4ed6\u65b9\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u6570\u6839\u62e0\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7167\u5408\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\uff11\u300d\u300c\u6761\u4ef6\uff12\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u304b\u3089\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u6839\u62e0\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u5225\u3005\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u5171\u901a\u9818\u57df\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u305d\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5145\u586b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u8a2d\u554f\u300c\u8cbb\u7528\u304c100\u30c9\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3001\u304b\u3064\u9031\u672b\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30c4\u30a2\u30fc\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304b\u300d\u3002\u6bb5\u843d\uff11\u306e\u4fa1\u683c\u8868\u3068\u6bb5\u843d\uff12\u306e\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u8868\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u672c\u6587\u7b2c\uff12\u6bb5\u843d\u300c\u305d\u306e\u6750\u6599\u306f\u8010\u71b1\u6027\u306b\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u7b2c\uff14\u6bb5\u843d\u300c\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6975\u4f4e\u6e29\u3067\u306f\u8106\u304f\u306a\u308b\u300d\u3002\u7d71\u5408\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u305d\u306e\u6750\u6599\u306f\u9ad8\u6e29\u306b\u306f\u8010\u3048\u3046\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6975\u5ea6\u306e\u4f4e\u6e29\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u306f\u9069\u3055\u306a\u3044\u300d\u304c\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u767b\u5834\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7406\u7531\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u3001\u7b2c\uff11\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u300c\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u56f0\u7aae\u300d\u3068\u7b2c\uff13\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u300c\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u52e7\u3081\u300d\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u304c\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: \u672c\u6587\u7b2c\uff13\u6bb5\u843d\u300c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306f\u51e6\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u3092\u500d\u5897\u3055\u305b\u305f\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7b2c\uff15\u6bb5\u843d\u300c\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u6d88\u8cbb\u91cf\u304c\u5f93\u6765\u578b\u306e\uff13\u500d\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306f\u901f\u5ea6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u52b9\u7387\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u6b20\u9665\u3092\u62b1\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3002\u901f\u5ea6\u306e\u5229\u70b9\u306e\u307f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3084\u3001\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u6b20\u70b9\u306e\u307f\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u306a\u3044\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u89e3\u7b54\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u4e21\u5074\u9762\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u63a1\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff14\u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6839\u62e0\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u7167\u5408\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11\uff11.\uff12. \u6761\u4ef6\u5145\u8db3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6f0f\u308c\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u6392\u9664<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u98db\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u30df\u30b9\u3092\u3001\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u65b9\u5f0f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u9632\u3050\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u8a2d\u554f\u304a\u3088\u3073\u672c\u6587\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u6761\u4ef6\uff08Constraints\uff09\u304c\u6d17\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306b\u5019\u88dc\u3068\u306a\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u5168\u9805\u76ee\u306b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u5165\u308b\u304b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u306b\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3067\u3082\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u306a\u3044\u9805\u76ee\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u5931\u683c\uff08\u6d88\u53bb\uff09\u3068\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6761\u4ef6\u6f0f\u308c\u6392\u9664\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u7b87\u6761\u66f8\u304d\uff08Condition A, B, C&#8230;\uff09\u3067\u8996\u899a\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff12\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5404\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u3053\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u9806\u6b21\u901a\u3057\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u306a\u3044\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\u3092\u6253\u3061\u5207\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\uff13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u30af\u30ea\u30a2\u3057\u305f\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6b8b\u5b58\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u6761\u4ef6\u300c\u2460\u5348\u5f8c\u958b\u59cb \u2461\u53c2\u52a0\u8cbb\u7121\u6599 \u2462\u4e88\u7d04\u4e0d\u8981\u300d\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u7121\u6599\u3060\u304c\u4e88\u7d04\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u6761\u4ef6\u2462\u306e\u4e0d\u5145\u8db3\u306b\u3088\u308a\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff12: \u6761\u4ef6\u300c\u2460\u690d\u7269\u7531\u6765 \u2461\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u53ef\u80fd \u2462\u71b1\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u300d\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u300c\u71b1\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u304c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7531\u6765\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u6761\u4ef6\u2460\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7834\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff13: \u6761\u4ef6\u300c\u2460\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306e\u767a\u8868 \u2461\u4fee\u58eb\u53f7\u4fdd\u6301 \u2462\uff13\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5b9f\u52d9\u7d4c\u9a13\u300d\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u2461\u3092\u6b20\u304f\u5019\u88dc\u8005\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff14: 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8907\u6570\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u5145\u8db3\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6392\u9664\u6280\u8853\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M10]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63a8\u8ad6\u3068\u542b\u610f\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8868\u5c64\u306b\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a00\u660e\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u542b\u610f\u3092\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3066\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u80cc\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u524d\u63d0\u3084\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u5834\u9762\u304c\u591a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6\u64cd\u4f5c\u304c\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u7167: [\u57fa\u790e M23]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11. \u5927\u554f\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5b9f\u7528\u6587\u30fb\u4e8b\u5b9f\u610f\u898b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u8b58\u5225<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff11\u306e\u5b9f\u7528\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5927\u554f\uff12\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u30fb\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e9\u30e0\u8aad\u89e3\u306f\u3001\u8a66\u9a13\u958b\u59cb\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6642\u9593\u5275\u51fa\u533a\u9593\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u6642\u9593\u3092\u904e\u5ea6\u306b\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u5927\u554f\uff15\u3084\uff16\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u6642\u9593\u304c\u5727\u8feb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u6848\u5185\u6587\u3084\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u7167\u5408\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u77ac\u6642\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u5927\u554f\uff12\u306e\u4e2d\u6838\u8ab2\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08fact\uff09\u3068\u610f\u898b\uff08opinion\uff09\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u5883\u754c\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u9ad8\u901f\u8b58\u5225\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff11. \u5b9f\u7528\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u7d50\u5408\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8d70\u67fb\u3068\u7167\u5408\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u5b9f\u7528\u6587\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7167\u5408\u306f\u300c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u7cbe\u8aad\u3057\u3001\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u672c\u6587\u304b\u3089\u63a2\u3059\u300d\u3068\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3067\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u3069\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3073\u306b\u8996\u7dda\u304c\u5f80\u5fa9\u3057\u3001\u591a\u5927\u306a\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u7528\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6b63\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u6642\u3001\u5834\u6240\u3001\u4fa1\u683c\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u8cc7\u683c\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\uff08\\(\\text{A}\\land\\text{B}\\land\\text{C}\\)\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u6761\u4ef6\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5206\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u5074\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u7b87\u6761\u66f8\u304d\u3001\u8868\u3001\u6ce8\u91c8\uff08\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u7b49\uff09\u306b\u5206\u6563\u3057\u3066\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u3001\u6700\u3082\u691c\u8a3c\u304c\u5bb9\u6613\u306a\u6570\u5024\u3084\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u7167\u5408\u306e\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u5272\u5f15\u6761\u4ef6\u3084\u4f8b\u5916\u898f\u5b9a\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6392\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\\(\\text{unless}\\) \u3084 \\(\\text{except}\\)\uff09\u304c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8ff0\u90e8\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5b9f\u7528\u6587\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u90e8\u3001\u5e30\u7d50\u90e8\u306b\u5206\u7bc0\u3057\u3001\u7167\u5408\u3059\u3079\u304d\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\uff08\u6570\u5024\u3001\u66dc\u65e5\u3001\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u56fa\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3042\u305f\u308a\u7d04\u4e09\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8868\u3084\u6ce8\u91c8\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3001\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u6570\u5024\u3084\u6761\u4ef6\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u90e8\u3092\u7a81\u304d\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5145\u8db3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u554f\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u60f3\u5b9a\u51e6\u7406\u6642\u9593\u306f\u56db\u5341\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u62bd\u51fa\u304b\u3089\u672c\u6587\u7167\u5408\u3078\u306e\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u306a\u8996\u7dda\u79fb\u52d5\u304c\u3053\u306e\u901f\u5ea6\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\uff11: \u4f1a\u54e1\u9650\u5b9a\u30c4\u30a2\u30fc\u306e\u6848\u5185\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Non-members can join the Saturday afternoon tour by paying an additional fee.&#8221; \u3068\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8868\u306b\u306f\u571f\u66dc\u5348\u5f8c\u306e\u30c4\u30a2\u30fc\u304c\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6ce8\u91c8\u306b &#8220;Non-members: add $10&#8221; \u3068\u660e\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u975e\u4f1a\u54e1\u30fb\u571f\u66dc\u5348\u5f8c\u30fb\u8ffd\u52a0\u6599\u91d1\uff09\u304c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5145\u8db3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306e\u5229\u7528\u6848\u5185\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Students may borrow up to five books for three weeks during the summer break.&#8221; \u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u8cb8\u51fa\u671f\u9593\u3068\u3057\u3066 &#8220;two weeks&#8221; \u3068\u3042\u308a\u3001\u590f\u671f\u7279\u5225\u8cb8\u51fa\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u306b &#8220;up to five books for two weeks&#8221; \u3068\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u518a\u6570\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u304c\u671f\u9593\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u7f60\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u30dc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u52df\u96c6\u544a\u77e5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c &#8220;Applicants must possess a valid driver&#8217;s license to participate in the weekend cleanup.&#8221; \u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5fdc\u52df\u8981\u4ef6\u306b\u306f &#8220;No license required for cleanup; license required for transportation team only&#8221; \u3068\u660e\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6d3b\u52d5\u5185\u5bb9\u3054\u3068\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u30ba\u30ec\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u5287\u5834\u306e\u30c1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u4e88\u7d04\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Senior citizens receive a 20% discount on all evening performances throughout the week.&#8221; \u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u76ee\u7acb\u3064\u7b87\u6240\u306b &#8220;Senior Discount: 20% off&#8221; \u3068\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7d20\u6734\u306a\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u7167\u5408\u3092\u884c\u3046\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u3053\u308c\u3092\u9078\u3073\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u3067\u672c\u6587\u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u7c73\u5370\u6ce8\u8a18 &#8220;Discount valid for weekday matinee shows only&#8221; \u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3068\u8aa4\u7b54\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u306f\u3001\u5272\u5f15\u7387\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76ee\u7acb\u3064\u6570\u5024\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u6e80\u8db3\u3057\u3001\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u9650\u5b9a\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6ce8\u91c8\u306e\u6392\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e &#8220;evening&#8221; \u304a\u3088\u3073 &#8220;throughout the week&#8221; \u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u6392\u9664\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u5b9f\u7528\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u7d50\u5408\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u7167\u5408\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff11.\uff12. \u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u610f\u898b\u306e\u5cfb\u5225\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u6a19\u8b58\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u610f\u898b\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306f\u300c\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u304c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u304b\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u304b\u3092\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6df1\u304f\u541f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3089\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08fact\uff09\u3068\u610f\u898b\uff08opinion\uff09\u306e\u5206\u985e\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u5370\u8c61\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e8c\u5206\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u8ab2\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u6570\u5024\u3084\u516c\u7684\u8a18\u9332\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u771f\u507d\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u4e8b\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u5236\u3084\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u610f\u898b\u306f\u8a71\u8005\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u3001\u63a8\u6e2c\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5c06\u6765\u3078\u306e\u671f\u5f85\u3092\u542b\u307f\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff08\\(\\text{wonderful, disappointing, ideal, terrible}\\) \u7b49\uff09\u3084\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\\(\\text{should, must, will probably}\\) \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u591a\u304f\u306e\u767b\u5834\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u540c\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u8a55\u4fa1\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u9650\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0a\u306f\u300c\u610f\u898b\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u300c\u4e8b\u5b9f\u300d\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5883\u754c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u610f\u898b\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u6307\u793a\u6587\u304c\u554f\u3046\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c &#8220;fact&#8221; \u306a\u306e\u304b &#8220;opinion&#8221; \u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u6307\u5dee\u3057\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u3059\u3079\u304d\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u4e8c\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u56db\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3001\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u526f\u8a5e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7fa9\u52d9\u30fb\u63a8\u91cf\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u610f\u898b\u5019\u88dc\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u307f\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u4e8b\u5b9f\u5019\u88dc\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u9078\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u7d04\u5341\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u5019\u88dc\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u307f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u672c\u6587\u7167\u5408\u3092\u7d4c\u305a\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u51e6\u7406\u6642\u9593\u3092\u534a\u6e1b\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u8a18\u4e8b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001&#8221;According to the text, what is one fact about the new model?&#8221; \u3068\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e2d\u306b &#8220;It features a water-resistant glass screen.&#8221;\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8868\u73fe\uff09\u3068 &#8220;Its battery life is remarkably convenient for daily use.&#8221;\uff08\u610f\u898b\u8868\u73fe\uff1aconvenient\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u306f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u304b\u3089\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u3001\u524d\u8005\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4ed5\u69d8\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u5b66\u6821\u306e\u5236\u670d\u5c0e\u5165\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001&#8221;Which of the following statements is an opinion expressed by Ken?&#8221; \u3068\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e &#8220;Ken wore the school blazer during the ceremony.&#8221; \u306f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u9664\u5916\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002&#8221;Wearing uniforms would create a stronger sense of unity.&#8221; \u306f\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e would \u3068\u4fa1\u5024\u8a55\u4fa1 a stronger sense of unity \u3092\u542b\u3080\u305f\u3081\u610f\u898b\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3001Ken \u306e\u767a\u8a00\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u5341\u516b\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u535a\u7269\u9928\u306e\u5c55\u793a\u8a55\u4fa1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001&#8221;One opinion about the exhibition is that&#8230;&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The exhibition was visited by over 10,000 students last month.&#8221; \u306f\u6570\u5024\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u4e0d\u9069\u683c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u9664\u5916\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u516b\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001&#8221;Which of the following is stated as a fact in the reviews?&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The pasta served at the restaurant was the most delicious in town.&#8221; \u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u8aa4\u308a\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30ec\u30d3\u30e5\u30a2\u30fc\u304c\u300c\u753a\u3067\u4e00\u756a\u304a\u3044\u3057\u3044\u30d1\u30b9\u30bf\u3060\u3063\u305f\u300d\u3068\u7d76\u8cdb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u7531\u3067\u98db\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u6700\u4e0a\u7d1a delicious \u306f\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u5473\u899a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u610f\u898b\u300d\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u300c\u4e8b\u5b9f\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u8981\u6c42\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u6020\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7f60\u306b\u6355\u3089\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u610f\u898b\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u6280\u8853\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12. \u5927\u554f\uff13\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u30fb\u5fc3\u60c5\u5909\u5316\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6\u7167\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff13\u306e\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u3084\u4f53\u9a13\u8a18\u3067\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u914d\u5217\u3084\u767b\u5834\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u5fc3\u60c5\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u9806\u5e8f\u3068\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u751f\u8d77\u9806\u5e8f\u304c\u4e56\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u30ca\u30e9\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u6642\u9593\u6a19\u8b58\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u3092\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u884c\u52d5\u63cf\u5199\u304b\u3089\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u5272\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u63a8\u8ad6\u7167\u5408\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff11. \u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u30fb\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u3092\u8db3\u5834\u3068\u3059\u308b\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u9006\u8ee2\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u89e3\u8aad<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u306e\u914d\u5217\u8a2d\u554f\u306f\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u9806\u5e8f\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u4e26\u3079\u308b\u300d\u3068\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u7269\u8a9e\u3084\u4f53\u9a13\u8a18\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u56de\u60f3\uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\uff09\u3084\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6642\u9593\u3092\u793a\u3059\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u9806\u5e8f\u3068\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u6642\u9593\u306e\u9032\u884c\u304c\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u9006\u8ee2\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62\uff08\\(\\text{had \uff0b \u904e\u53bb\u5206\u8a5e}\\)\uff09\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e8b\u8c61\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u306e\u4e8b\u8c61\u3088\u308a\u3082\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u4e0a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5fc5\u305a\u524d\u65b9\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u6cd5\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\\(\\text{before, after, previously, earlier, prior to}\\) \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u6642\u9593\u6a19\u8b58\u304c\u7bc0\u3084\u53e5\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u63a5\u7d9a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u53cd\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u4e0a\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u5ea7\u6a19\u306b\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u9806\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u751f\u8d77\u9806\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u518d\u6574\u5e8f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u56db\u3064\u304b\u3089\u4e94\u3064\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u5404\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u52d5\u4f5c\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u4e3b\u8981\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3066\u5404\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5468\u56f2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u6642\u5236\uff08\u5358\u7d14\u904e\u53bb\u304b\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u304b\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b A \u3068\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b B \u306e\u9593\u306b\u300cA \u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u6642\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b B \u306f\u7d42\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5148\u884c\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u4e26\u3073\u9806\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u3092\u7a81\u304d\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a18\u8ff0\u9806\u306e\u7f60\u3092\u8b66\u6212\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u3092\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u7d19\u9762\u306b\u30e1\u30e2\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u6df7\u4e71\u3092\u9632\u3050\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u767b\u5c71\u4f53\u9a13\u8a18\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u914d\u5217\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u3067\u306f &#8220;We reached the summit at noon. We had lost our trail map two hours before, but we managed to find the path.&#8221; \u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u8a18\u8ff0\u9806\u306f\u300c\u767b\u9802 \u2192 \u5730\u56f3\u7d1b\u5931\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f62 had lost \u3068\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e two hours before \u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u751f\u8d77\u9806\u306f\u300c\u5730\u56f3\u7d1b\u5931\uff08\u5348\u524d\u5341\u6642\uff09 \u2192 \u767b\u9802\uff08\u6b63\u5348\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306e\u6574\u5e8f\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e09\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u6d77\u5916\u7559\u5b66\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001&#8221;Before departing for London, Emily had taken intensive language lessons for six months.&#8221; \u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u5148\u982d\u306b departing \u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5f93\u5c5e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e before \u3068\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86 had taken \u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u30ec\u30c3\u30b9\u30f3\u306e\u53d7\u8b1b\u304c\u51fa\u767a\u306b\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u30de\u30e9\u30bd\u30f3\u5927\u4f1a\u306e\u8a18\u9332\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001&#8221;I crossed the finish line with relief. My running partner had already finished the race fifteen minutes earlier.&#8221; \u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a18\u8ff0\u9806\u3068\u306f\u9006\u306b\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30ca\u30fc\u306e\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u3088\u308a\u524d\u306b\u751f\u8d77\u3057\u305f\u4e8b\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u65c5\u884c\u8a18\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u56db\u679a\u306e\u30a4\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u9806\u306b\u4e26\u3079\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u5834\u9762\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f &#8220;I finally arrived at the museum. I had realized my passport was missing while I was riding the subway, but I decided to visit the gallery first.&#8221; \u3068\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u9806\uff08\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5230\u7740 \u2192 \u30d1\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u7d1b\u5931\u306e\u6c17\u3065\u304d \u2192 \u5730\u4e0b\u9244\u4e57\u8eca\uff09\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6642\u9593\u9806\u3068\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u3001\u300c\u535a\u7269\u9928 \u2192 \u5730\u4e0b\u9244\u300d\u306e\u9806\u306b\u4e26\u3093\u3060\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u5b8c\u4e86 had realized \u3068\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e while \u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u9244\u4e57\u8eca\u4e2d\u306b\u7d1b\u5931\u306b\u6c17\u3065\u3044\u305f\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5230\u7740\u3088\u308a\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u5148\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u306f\u3001\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u751f\u8d77\u9806\u5e8f\u3068\u8a18\u8ff0\u9806\u5e8f\u306e\u4e56\u96e2\u3092\u6642\u9593\u6587\u6cd5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u518d\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6642\u9593\u6a19\u8b58\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u9006\u8ee2\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u89e3\u8aad\u6cd5\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff12.\uff12. \u884c\u52d5\u30fb\u767a\u8a71\u63cf\u5199\u304b\u3089\u611f\u60c5\u63a8\u8ad6\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u691c\u8a3c\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7269\u8a9e\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u767b\u5834\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u5fc3\u60c5\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u611f\u60c5\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3092\u76f4\u611f\u3067\u9078\u3076\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5371\u967a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u30ca\u30e9\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u767b\u5834\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u5185\u9762\u306f &#8220;I felt sad&#8221; \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u8a9e\u5f59\u3067\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u884c\u52d5\uff08\u8eab\u4f53\u53cd\u5fdc\uff09\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u306e\u8abf\u5b50\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u60c5\u666f\u63cf\u5199\u306e\u30e1\u30bf\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u6697\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u611f\u60c5\u30fb\u614b\u5ea6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff08\\(\\text{relieved, frustrated, anxious, grateful, determined}\\) \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u5834\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff08\u8996\u7dda\u3092\u843d\u3068\u3059\u3001\u6df1\u304f\u606f\u3092\u5410\u304f\u3001\u62f3\u3092\u63e1\u308a\u3057\u3081\u308b\u7b49\uff09\u3084\u767a\u8a71\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u611f\u60c5\u79fb\u5165\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u63cf\u5199\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6f14\u7e79\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u63a8\u8ad6\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u9762\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u6bb5\u843d\u3078\u8996\u7dda\u3092\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u4e94\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u5916\u9762\u7684\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u63cf\u5199\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u53cd\u5fdc\u3001\u767a\u8a71\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u5185\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3057\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u306e\u5f15\u304d\u91d1\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u611f\u60c5\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u3001\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u63cf\u5199\u3068\u306e\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u9069\u5408\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304b\u3089\u98db\u8e8d\u3057\u305f\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u63a8\u6e2c\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u611f\u60c5\u8868\u73fe\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u63cf\u5199\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u59ff\u52e2\u304c\u6b63\u7b54\u7387\u3092\u5b89\u5b9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u5834\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001&#8221;How did David feel right before going onto the stage?&#8221; \u3068\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f &#8220;David checked his notes for the fifth time, his hands trembling slightly as he swallowed hard.&#8221; \u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8eab\u4f53\u53cd\u5fdc\uff08\u624b\u306e\u9707\u3048\u3001\u553e\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3001\u30e1\u30e2\u306e\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u78ba\u8a8d\uff09\u306f\u7dca\u5f35\u3068\u4e0d\u5b89\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;He was extremely nervous about his turn.&#8221; \u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u5171\u540c\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u96e3\u822a\u5834\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001&#8221;After reading the critical email, Maria stared at the screen in silence and then quietly closed her laptop.&#8221; \u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7121\u8a00\u3067\u306e\u51dd\u8996\u3068\u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u3092\u9759\u304b\u306b\u9589\u3058\u308b\u52d5\u4f5c\u306f\u3001\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u6012\u308a\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u843d\u80c6\u3084\u8ae6\u5ff5\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6df1\u3044\u52d5\u63fa\u306e\u6291\u5236\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;She felt deeply discouraged by the feedback.&#8221; \u3068\u306e\u9069\u5408\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u79d1\u5b66\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u6210\u529f\u5834\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001&#8221;The professor smiled broadly and warmly shook hands with every student in the laboratory.&#8221; \u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5168\u54e1\u3068\u306e\u63e1\u624b\u3068\u6e80\u9762\u306e\u7b11\u307f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u884c\u52d5\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;He was exceedingly proud of the team&#8217;s achievement.&#8221; \u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u306b\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u7d75\u753b\u30b3\u30f3\u30af\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u767a\u8868\u5834\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001&#8221;How did Elena feel when she saw the winner&#8217;s name?&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f &#8220;Elena took a deep breath, walked over to the winner, and sincerely congratulated her with a warm smile.&#8221; \u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u306a\u63a8\u6e2c\uff08\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u843d\u9078\u3057\u3066\u4ed6\u4eba\u304c\u512a\u52dd\u3057\u305f\u3089\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u5ac9\u59ac\u3084\u6094\u3057\u3055\u3092\u611f\u3058\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3060\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3061\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;She was overwhelmed with bitter jealousy.&#8221; \u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u8aa4\u308a\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f\u5ac9\u59ac\u3084\u6012\u308a\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u8eab\u4f53\u53cd\u5fdc\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u63cf\u304b\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6f54\u304f\u76f8\u624b\u3092\u79f0\u3048\u308b\u884c\u52d5\u304c\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6b63\u7b54\u306f &#8220;She accepted the result gracefully.&#8221; \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u63cf\u5199\u3092\u96e2\u308c\u3066\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u5fc3\u7406\u5287\u3092\u6295\u5f71\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4 \u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u63cf\u5199\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u611f\u60c5\u63a8\u8ad6\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"28822\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13. \u5927\u554f\uff14\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u30fb\u6761\u4ef6\u4ea4\u5dee\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\u691c\u8a3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff14\u306e\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u8aad\u89e3\u306f\u3001\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u3001\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u8868\u3001\u4fa1\u683c\u8868\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u6e90\u3092\u6a2a\u65ad\u3057\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u639b\u3051\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u6700\u9069\u89e3\u3092\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u8ab2\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u578b\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u306b\u6563\u5728\u3059\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u66f4\u65b0\u3084\u4fee\u6b63\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8aa4\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6392\u9664\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff11. \u8907\u6570\u60c5\u5831\u6e90\u306b\u5206\u6563\u3057\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\u691c\u8a3c\u6cd5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u554f\u984c\u306f\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u7cbe\u8aad\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u51e6\u7406\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u91cf\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u591a\u3044\u5927\u554f\uff14\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5168\u8a33\u7684\u306a\u901a\u8aad\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u6642\u9593\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3092\u62db\u304f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u306e\u904e\u8ca0\u8377\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6b63\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u8cc7\u6599 A \u306e\u5236\u7d04\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u8cc7\u6599 B \u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u8981\u671b\u3001\u8cc7\u6599 C \u306e\u4ed5\u69d8\u4e00\u89a7\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\uff08\\(\\text{Condition}_A \\land \\text{Condition}_B \\land \\text{Condition}_C\\)\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u307e\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u901a\u8aad\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5148\u306b\u8a2d\u554f\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u3059\u3079\u304d\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u8ef8\uff08\u4e88\u7b97\u4e0a\u9650\u3001\u65e5\u7a0b\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u4eba\u6570\u3001\u5fc5\u9808\u6a5f\u80fd\u7b49\uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u8cc7\u6599\u3060\u3051\u3067\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u4e0b\u3055\u305a\u3001\u4ed6\u65b9\u306e\u8cc7\u6599\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4f8b\u5916\u898f\u5b9a\u3084\u8ffd\u52a0\u8cbb\u7528\u3092\u5fc5\u305a\u639b\u3051\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u5408\u5426\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u306a\u3044\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3082\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5206\u6563\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u3067\u7d71\u5408\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u6587\u304b\u3089\u300c\u8ab0\u304c\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5236\u7d04\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u63a2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u691c\u7d22\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u4e94\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u8cc7\u6599 A\uff08\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3084\u8981\u671b\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\uff09\u304b\u3089\u5236\u7d04\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u4e0a\u9650\u91d1\u984d\u3001\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u65e5\u6642\u3001\u5fc5\u9808\u30a2\u30a4\u30c6\u30e0\uff09\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u554f\u984c\u7528\u7d19\u306e\u4f59\u767d\u306b\u8a18\u53f7\u5316\u3057\u3066\u30e1\u30e2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u8cc7\u6599 B \u3084 C\uff08\u4e00\u89a7\u8868\u3084\u30b9\u30b1\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u8868\uff09\u306e\u5404\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u3001\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u7167\u3089\u3057\u3066\u4e0a\u304b\u3089\u9806\u306b\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3057\u305f\u5019\u88dc\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3057\u3066\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u6b8b\u4f59\u5019\u88dc\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u554f\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u60f3\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u306f\u4e00\u5206\u4ee5\u5185\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30e1\u30e2\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f\u5916\u90e8\u5316\u304c\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306e\u5727\u8feb\u3092\u9632\u3050\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u7559\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7814\u4fee\u65bd\u8a2d\u9078\u3073\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6761\u4ef6 A\u300c\u4e88\u7b97\u4e00\u6cca\u516b\u5341\u30c9\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u300d\u3001\u6761\u4ef6 B\u300cWi-Fi \u7121\u6599\u300d\u3001\u6761\u4ef6 C\u300c\u99c5\u304b\u3089\u5f92\u6b69\u5341\u5206\u4ee5\u5185\u300d\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u65bd\u8a2d\u4e00\u89a7\u8868\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\uff11\uff08\u4e5d\u5341\u30c9\u30eb\uff1a\u6761\u4ef6 A \u9055\u53cd\u3067\u6d88\u53bb\uff09\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\uff12\uff08\u4e03\u5341\u4e94\u30c9\u30eb\u3001Wi-Fi \u6709\u6599\uff1a\u6761\u4ef6 B \u9055\u53cd\u3067\u6d88\u53bb\uff09\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\uff13\uff08\u4e03\u5341\u30c9\u30eb\u3001\u7121\u6599 Wi-Fi\u3001\u5f92\u6b69\u4e03\u5206\uff1a\u5168\u6761\u4ef6\u5145\u8db3\u3067\u78ba\u5b9a\uff09\u3068\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u56db\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u4f1a\u5834\u9078\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5e0c\u671b\u8005\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u300c\u53c2\u52a0\u4e88\u5b9a\u8005\u56db\u5341\u540d\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u5fc5\u9808\u300d\u3001\u5229\u7528\u898f\u7d04\u306b\u300c\u5229\u7528\u306f\u5348\u5f8c\u4e94\u6642\u307e\u3067\u3001\u53ce\u5bb9\u4eba\u6570\u4e94\u5341\u540d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u90e8\u5c4b\u306f\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u5229\u7528\u6599\u7121\u6599\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u90e8\u5c4b\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u300c\u53ce\u5bb9\u4e09\u5341\u540d\uff08\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u8db3\u3067\u6d88\u53bb\uff09\u300d\u300c\u53ce\u5bb9\u516d\u5341\u540d\u3001\u5348\u5f8c\u516b\u6642\u307e\u3067\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\uff08\u5168\u6761\u4ef6\u5145\u8db3\u3067\u78ba\u5b9a\uff09\u300d\u3092\u9078\u5225\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u6a5f\u6750\u8cfc\u5165\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6559\u6388\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u300c\u4e88\u7b97\u4e94\u5343\u30c9\u30eb\u300d\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u300c\u4fdd\u8a3c\u671f\u9593\u4e09\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u5fc5\u9808\u300d\u3001\u30ab\u30bf\u30ed\u30b0\u8868\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e94\u5343\u30c9\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u4fdd\u8a3c\u671f\u9593\u304c\u4e00\u5e74\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e8c\u5e74\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u578b\u756a\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u8a9e\u5b66\u7814\u4fee\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306b &#8220;I want to take an intensive morning course for at least four weeks, but my budget is limited to $1,500 including the registration fee.&#8221; \u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u4e00\u89a7\u8868\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b &#8220;Course A: $1,400 for 4 weeks (morning)&#8221; \u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e88\u7b97\u5185\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3066\u3053\u308c\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u8aa4\u308a\u304c\u983b\u767a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u8868\u306e\u6700\u4e0b\u90e8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u6ce8\u91c8 &#8220;One-time registration fee: $150 for all new students&#8221; \u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5408\u8a08\u8cbb\u7528\u306f $1,550 \u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u4e88\u7b97\u4e0a\u9650\u306e $1,500 \u3092\u8d85\u904e\u3057\u3066\u4e0d\u9069\u683c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u6b63\u7b54\u306f\u6388\u696d\u6599 $1,300\uff08\u7dcf\u984d $1,450\uff09\u306e\u5225\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6563\u5728\u3059\u308b\u6ce8\u8a18\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7dcf\u5408\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u691c\u8a3c\u6280\u8853\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff13.\uff12. \u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u66f4\u65b0\u30fb\u4fee\u6b63\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u3068\u7121\u52b9\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6392\u9664\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u3084\u308a\u53d6\u308a\u3084\u9023\u7d61\u7db2\u3092\u542b\u3080\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u8b66\u6212\u3059\u3079\u304d\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u8cc7\u6599\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u8cc7\u6599\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4fee\u6b63\u30fb\u66f4\u65b0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u5ea6\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56fa\u5b9a\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3001\u5f8c\u306e\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u300c\u3084\u3063\u3071\u308a\u6642\u9593\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u305f\u3044\u300d\u300c\u5225\u306e\u8272\u306b\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u300d\u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u7121\u52b9\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u4ed8\u3084\u9001\u4fe1\u6642\u523b\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30d7\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u65b0\u65e7\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u610f\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u7d9a\u306e\u8cc7\u6599\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u5426\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u3084\u5909\u66f4\u6a19\u8b58\uff08\\(\\text{instead, change our plan, turn out that, actually}\\) \u7b49\uff09\u306b\u6700\u5927\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u914d\u5206\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u4fee\u6b63\u524d\u306e\u53e4\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u7528\u610f\u3057\u305f\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8b66\u6212\u30fb\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u7121\u52b9\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\uff08\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u5f80\u5fa9\u7b49\uff09\u306e\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u3001\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u30fc\u306e\u65e5\u6642\u60c5\u5831\u304b\u3089\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u4e09\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u5148\u306b\u8d70\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u63d0\u6848\u3084\u5408\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5909\u66f4\u70b9\uff08\u65e5\u7a0b\u306e\u7e70\u308a\u4e0b\u3052\u3001\u4eba\u6570\u306e\u5897\u6e1b\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u306e\u5909\u66f4\uff09\u304c\u660e\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5909\u66f4\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u4e0b\u7dda\u3067\u56f2\u3080\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u541f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u4fee\u6b63\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u3057\u3001\u53e4\u3044\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u3057\u304b\u767b\u5834\u3057\u306a\u3044\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3059\u308b\u539f\u5247\u306e\u5fb9\u5e95\u304c\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u7121\u529b\u5316\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u30af\u30e9\u30d6\u306e\u96c6\u4f1a\u65e5\u7a0b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4e8c\u901a\u306e\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fbf\uff08\u6708\u66dc\uff09\u300c\u6728\u66dc\u306e\u5348\u5f8c\u56db\u6642\u306b\u7406\u79d1\u5ba4\u3067\u96c6\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u300d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fbf\uff08\u6c34\u66dc\uff09\u300c\u7406\u79d1\u5ba4\u304c\u4f7f\u3048\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u91d1\u66dc\u306e\u5348\u5f8c\u56db\u6642\u306b\u8996\u8074\u899a\u5ba4\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u300d\u3002\u8a2d\u554f\u300c\u96c6\u4f1a\u306f\u3044\u3064\u3069\u3053\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fbf\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u300c\u6728\u66dc\u30fb\u7406\u79d1\u5ba4\u300d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fbf\u306e\u300c\u91d1\u66dc\u30fb\u8996\u8074\u899a\u5ba4\u300d\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u5099\u54c1\u8cfc\u5165\u306e\u9023\u7d61\u3002\u5f53\u521d\u306e\u4f9d\u983c\u300c\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u7528\u306e\u9ed2\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u3092\u4e94\u500b\u6ce8\u6587\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u300d\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u9023\u7d61\u300c\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u5370\u5237\u306e\u9700\u8981\u304c\u5897\u3048\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u9ed2\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u4e09\u500b\u3068\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u4e8c\u500b\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u300d\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u4fee\u6b63\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u7559\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u6ede\u5728\u8a08\u753b\u3002\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5e0c\u671b\u300c\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30a4\u3067\u30da\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5bb6\u5ead\u3092\u5e0c\u671b\u300d\u3002\u53d7\u5165\u308c\u7d44\u7e54\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8fd4\u4fe1\u300c\u30da\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5bb6\u5ead\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3089\u305a\u3001\u732b\u304c\u4e00\u5339\u3044\u308b\u5bb6\u5ead\u304b\u3001\u5bee\u306e\u500b\u5ba4\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u300d\u3002\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u518d\u8fd4\u4fe1\u300c\u5bee\u306e\u500b\u5ba4\u3092\u9078\u3073\u307e\u3059\u300d\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u3067\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5e0c\u671b\u3084\u4e2d\u9593\u6848\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u5bee\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e09\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u5171\u540c\u83dc\u5712\u306e\u30ec\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5927\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u5712\u82b8\u59d4\u54e1\u9577\u304c\u300c\u65e5\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u306e\u826f\u3044\u5357\u5074\u306b\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u3092\u690d\u3048\u3001\u5317\u5074\u306b\u30b8\u30e3\u30ac\u30a4\u30e2\u3092\u690d\u3048\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u300d\u3068\u63d0\u6848\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u5c4a\u3044\u305f\u571f\u58cc\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3067 &#8220;Actually, the northern section has better drainage which tomatoes desperately need, so we should swap their positions.&#8221; \u3068\u4fee\u6b63\u304c\u63d0\u6848\u3055\u308c\u3001\u59d4\u54e1\u9577\u304c &#8220;That makes sense. Let&#8217;s do that.&#8221; \u3068\u540c\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u8a2d\u554f\u300c\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306f\u3069\u3053\u306b\u690d\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304b\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u63d0\u6848\u306e\u5370\u8c61\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f &#8220;In the southern section&#8221; \u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u5931\u70b9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u306f\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u66f4\u65b0\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u305b\u305a\u3001\u521d\u671f\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u8a18\u61b6\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u4e0b\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4 \u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u66f4\u65b0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u7121\u52b9\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u6392\u9664\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14. \u5927\u554f\uff15\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7269\u8a9e\u5c55\u958b\u30fb\u4e3b\u984c\u8981\u7d04\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u5224\u5b9a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff15\u306e\u9577\u6587\u30ca\u30e9\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u9023\u9396\u3092\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3057\u3066\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u3084\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u8ab2\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u8981\u70b9\u3092\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3078\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u62bd\u8c61\u5909\u63db\u3092\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u7269\u8a9e\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8cab\u304f\u6559\u8a13\u3084\u4e3b\u984c\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u7167\u5408\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff11. \u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u8c61\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\uff08Generalization\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u7a7a\u6b04\u88dc\u5145<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff15\u306e\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u5b8c\u6210\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u53e5\u3092\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304b\u3089\u63a2\u3059\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u624b\u6cd5\u306f\u901a\u7528\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u3084\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b7\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u3084\u8981\u7d04\u9805\u76ee\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30d4\u30bd\u30fc\u30c9\u3084\u4f1a\u8a71\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u3001\u4e00\u6bb5\u9ad8\u3044\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u8a9e\u5f59\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u7269\u8a9e\u306e\u3069\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\uff08\u5e7c\u5c11\u671f\u3001\u8ee2\u6a5f\u3001\u82e6\u96e3\u3001\u9054\u6210\u7b49\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306b\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u540d\u8a5e\u3084\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u3069\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u63cf\u5199\u3084\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u3092\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u5305\u6442\uff08subsume\uff09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u3059\u304e\u308b\u7d30\u90e8\u306b\u56da\u308f\u308c\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\uff09\u3084\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u306e\u306a\u3044\u904e\u5ea6\u306a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u7a7a\u6b04\u88dc\u5145\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u306e\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u4fef\u77b0\u3057\u3001\u7a7a\u6b04\u306e\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\\(\\text{Obstacles Faced, Turning Point, Key Achievements}\\)\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7a7a\u6b04\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u610f\u5473\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u4e94\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u6bb5\u843d\u3078\u623b\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3084\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u63cf\u5199\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u541f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u6700\u3082\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u9078\u3073\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u8c61\u3078\u306e\u5909\u63db\u8f9e\u66f8\u3092\u8133\u5185\u3067\u7a3c\u50cd\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u7167\u5408\u306e\u9375\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u6b74\u53f2\u4e0a\u306e\u767a\u660e\u5bb6\u306e\u4f1d\u8a18\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057 \\(\\text{Initial Setbacks}\\) \u306e\u7a7a\u6b04\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u308b\u8a2d\u554f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f\u300c\u8cc7\u91d1\u304c\u5e95\u3092\u3064\u304d\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u53bb\u308a\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u5668\u5177\u304c\u7206\u767a\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;He suffered from severe resource shortages and personnel loss.&#8221; \u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u500b\u5225\u4e8b\u8c61\u3092\u5305\u6442\u3059\u308b\u9069\u5207\u306a\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e09\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u9678\u4e0a\u9078\u624b\u306e\u6210\u9577\u7269\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u306e \\(\\text{Turning Point}\\) \u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3002\u672c\u6587\u300c\u30e9\u30a4\u30d0\u30eb\u306e\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3001\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u7df4\u7fd2\u6cd5\u3092\u6368\u3066\u3066\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u7df4\u7fd2\u306b\u5408\u6d41\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;She learned to value collaboration and modified her rigid training regimen.&#8221; \u3068\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u4f1d\u7d71\u5de5\u82b8\u8077\u4eba\u306e\u30a8\u30c3\u30bb\u30a4\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u306e \\(\\text{Modern Applications}\\) \u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3002\u672c\u6587\u300c\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u6f06\u5857\u308a\u306e\u6280\u8853\u3092\u533b\u7642\u7528\u5668\u5177\u306e\u6297\u83cc\u30b3\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Adapting traditional craftsmanship to contemporary medical technology&#8221; \u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u7d75\u672c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u5c11\u5973\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u306e \\(\\text{What inspired her to resume drawing}\\) \u3068\u3044\u3046\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f\u300c\u5e7c\u3044\u5f1f\u304c\u5f7c\u5973\u306e\u53e4\u3044\u843d\u66f8\u304d\u3092\u898b\u3066\u58f0\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u7b11\u3044\u3001\u3082\u3063\u3068\u63cf\u3044\u3066\u3068\u305b\u304c\u3093\u3060\u300d\u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A &#8220;Her brother asked her to draw a picture for his birthday.&#8221; \u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B &#8220;Witnessing a child&#8217;s pure joy rekindled her artistic passion.&#8221; \u304c\u4e26\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u3068\u540c\u3058\u5358\u8a9e\uff08brother, draw, picture\uff09\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u306b\u98db\u3073\u3064\u304f\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u591a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u306e\u7d75\u3092\u983c\u307e\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306f\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6b63\u7b54\u306f\u3001\u5f1f\u306e\u7121\u90aa\u6c17\u306a\u53cd\u5fdc\u3092\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3057\u3066\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u306f\u3001\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u3001\u610f\u5473\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u62bd\u8c61\u5909\u63db\u306e\u7167\u5408\u624b\u9806\u3092\u7fd2\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff14.\uff12. \u7269\u8a9e\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6559\u8a13\u30fb\u4e3b\u984c\uff08Theme\uff09\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u57fa\u6e96<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff15\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u554f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u983b\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u7269\u8a9e\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\uff08theme\uff09\u3084\u6559\u8a13\uff08lesson\uff09\u3092\u554f\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6700\u3082\u591a\u3044\u5931\u6557\u306f\u300c\u7269\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300d\u3084\u300c\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u306b\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u3068\u7121\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300d\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4e3b\u984c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u304c\u7269\u8a9e\u306e\u5192\u982d\u304b\u3089\u7d50\u672b\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u305f\u5185\u7684\u5909\u5316\uff08\u6210\u9577\u3084\u8a8d\u8b58\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\uff09\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8981\u7d04\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7db2\u7f85\u6027\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u526f\u6b21\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u306b\u306e\u307f\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u307e\u308b\u6559\u8a13\u3084\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30a8\u30d4\u30bd\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306e\u307f\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u6559\u8a13\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u9023\u9396\uff08\u82e6\u96e3 \u2192 \u6c17\u3065\u304d \u2192 \u884c\u52d5\u5909\u5bb9 \u2192 \u89e3\u6c7a\uff09\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u4e3b\u984c\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u7269\u8a9e\u306e\u7d50\u672b\u90e8\u5206\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u304c\u845b\u85e4\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3057\u305f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u518d\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u5341\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u5404\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u547d\u984c\u3092\u300c\u3053\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\\(\\text{X}\\) \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u9084\u5143\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e \\(\\text{X}\\) \u304c\u7269\u8a9e\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u691c\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u771f\u7406\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30d4\u30bd\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u3057\u304b\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u72ed\u3059\u304e\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3068\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u8108\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u308c\u305f\u5e83\u3059\u304e\u308b\u6559\u8a13\u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3057\u3001\u7269\u8a9e\u306e\u4e3b\u7b4b\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u7570\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u3067\u306e\u5931\u6557\u3068\u548c\u89e3\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u7269\u8a9e\u3002\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u306f\u8a00\u8449\u304c\u901a\u3058\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5b64\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u76f8\u624b\u306e\u6587\u5316\u306e\u6599\u7406\u3092\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u4f5c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5fc3\u3092\u901a\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3002\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u300c\u5916\u56fd\u8a9e\u3092\u6d41\u66a2\u306b\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3060\u300d\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u5305\u6442\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;True cross-cultural understanding begins with shared experiences rather than linguistic perfection.&#8221; \u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e09\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u5b8c\u74a7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30de\u30fc\u304c\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u958b\u767a\u3067\u632b\u6298\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u306b\u983c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5b66\u3093\u3067\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u6210\u529f\u3055\u305b\u305f\u7269\u8a9e\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Individual technical excellence cannot substitute for collective collaboration and mutual trust.&#8221; \u304c\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u306e\u5185\u7684\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8981\u7d04\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u88fd\u6cd5\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u30d1\u30f3\u8077\u4eba\u304c\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3066\u7d4c\u55b6\u5371\u6a5f\u3092\u8131\u3057\u305f\u7269\u8a9e\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Respecting tradition requires adapting to changing times rather than blindly resisting innovation.&#8221; \u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u521d\u3081\u3066\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u65c5\u3067\u5730\u56f3\u3092\u7121\u304f\u3057\u3001\u5730\u5143\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u89aa\u5207\u306b\u52a9\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304c\u3089\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3057\u305f\u9752\u5e74\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3002\u300c\u3053\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u306e\u6559\u8a13\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u3044\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A &#8220;Always carry a spare map when traveling in unfamiliar places.&#8221; \u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B &#8220;Vulnerability can open the door to meaningful connections with strangers.&#8221; \u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u7528\u7684\u306a\u52a9\u8a00\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u3089\u3057\u304f\u898b\u3048\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u8aa4\u308a\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4e88\u5099\u306e\u5730\u56f3\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u6280\u8853\u7684\u306a\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7269\u8a9e\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u4f1d\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u9593\u7684\u6210\u9577\u3084\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u6e29\u304b\u3055\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u984c\u3092\u5168\u304f\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6b63\u7b54\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u306f\u3001\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u30fb\u6559\u8a13\u7684\u306a\u6a19\u8a9e\u306b\u60d1\u308f\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u306e\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5909\u5bb9\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7269\u8a9e\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4 \u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u7269\u8a9e\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u57fa\u6e96\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"28822\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15. \u5927\u554f\uff16\uff21\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u30fb\u6bb5\u843d\u8981\u65e8\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u7167\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff16\uff21\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u306f\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u8ad6\u7406\u5c55\u958b\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u8981\u7d04\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6bb5\u843d\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u3092\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u8a18\u4e8b\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8ad6\u8a3c\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u306e\u7167\u5408\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff11. \u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u3068\u6bb5\u843d\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff16\uff21\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u8981\u65e8\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u5747\u7b49\u306b\u8aad\u3080\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u6642\u9593\u5207\u308c\u306e\u4e3b\u56e0\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\uff08Topic Sentence\uff09\u306f\u3001\u9006\u63a5\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u793a\u3059\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306e\u76f4\u5f8c\u3084\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5192\u982d\u6587\u30fb\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u898f\u5247\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u5192\u982d\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8868\u73fe\uff08\\(\\text{However, In contrast, Therefore, Furthermore}\\) \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u8ee2\u63db\u3001\u4ed8\u52a0\u3001\u5e30\u7d50\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u8ad6\u7406\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8ee2\u63db\u6a19\u8b58\u4ee5\u964d\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u6587\u3053\u305d\u304c\u305d\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u771f\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u8981\u7d04\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u5185\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3084\u5c0e\u5165\u90e8\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8a00\u660e\u3068\u610f\u5473\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u7b49\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u3067\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u8981\u7d04\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u7a7a\u6b04\u304c\u3069\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u8a72\u5f53\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u7b2c 1 \u6587\u3068\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6bb5\u843d\u5185\u306e\u9006\u63a5\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6bb5\u843d\u304c\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u547d\u984c\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff09\u3092\u4e00\u884c\u3067\u8981\u7d04\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u541f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u5185\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\uff08\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3084\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u5e74\u53f7\uff09\u306b\u3057\u304b\u89e6\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u547d\u984c\u3092\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7d30\u90e8\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u306b\u5f3e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u7167\u5408\u306e\u8fc5\u901f\u5316\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u7761\u7720\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u306e\u7b2c 3 \u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u5192\u982d\u6587\u300c\u7761\u7720\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4f11\u606f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u300d\u3002\u7b2c 3 \u6587 &#8220;However, recent neuroimaging studies demonstrate that the brain actively consolidates memory during deep sleep.&#8221;\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The active role of sleep in stabilizing memory&#8221; \u304c\u9006\u63a5\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u547d\u984c\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u751f\u7269\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u5192\u982d\u6587\u300c\u90fd\u5e02\u74b0\u5883\u306f\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u904e\u9177\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u6587 &#8220;Consequently, certain bird species have developed novel foraging strategies adapted to urban landscapes.&#8221;\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Behavioral adaptation of avian species to artificial environments&#8221; \u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u524d\u534a\u3067\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u306e\u666e\u53ca\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u4e2d\u76e4\u306e But \u4ee5\u964d\u3067\u54c1\u8cea\u52a3\u5316\u3068\u518d\u51e6\u7406\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u5897\u5927\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Economic and material constraints hindering complete recycling&#8221; \u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u30af\u30de\u30e0\u30b7\uff08Tardigrades\uff09\u306e\u6975\u9650\u74b0\u5883\u8010\u6027\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u7b2c 2 \u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u8981\u65e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5f53\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u524d\u534a\u306b\u306f\u300c\u30af\u30de\u30e0\u30b7\u306f\u7d76\u5bfe\u96f6\u5ea6\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u6975\u4f4e\u6e29\u3084\u9ad8\u7dda\u91cf\u306e\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u306b\u8010\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u5b9f\u9a13\u4e8b\u5b9f\u304c\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u672b\u5c3e\u306b &#8220;This extraordinary endurance is made possible by a process called anhydrobiosis, in which they enter a state of suspended animation by expelling almost all water from their bodies.&#8221; \u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A &#8220;Tardigrades can survive in temperatures close to absolute zero.&#8221; \u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B &#8220;The physiological mechanism enabling tardigrades to endure extreme conditions.&#8221; \u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u524d\u534a\u306e\u5f37\u70c8\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u5f15\u304b\u308c\u305f\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u3092\u9078\u3073\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6bb5\u843d\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9a5a\u7570\u7684\u306a\u8010\u6027\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u6b63\u7b54\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u304b\u3064\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff15.\uff12. \u5168\u4f53\u8ad6\u8a3c\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u5e8f\u8ad6\u30fb\u672c\u8ad6\u30fb\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u3068\u6700\u7d42\u4e3b\u5f35\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u7167\u5408\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff16\uff21\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8a18\u4e8b\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3084\u6700\u9069\u306a\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u504f\u3063\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6b63\u7b54\u306f\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u306e\u8ad6\u8a3c\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001\u5e8f\u8ad6\uff08\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u8d77\u30fb\u901a\u8aac\u306e\u63d0\u793a\uff09\u3001\u672c\u8ad6\uff08\u8a3c\u62e0\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u30fb\u5bfe\u7acb\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\uff09\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\uff08\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u898b\u89e3\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u30fb\u793a\u5506\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u6bb5\u69cb\u6210\u3092\u3068\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u4e3b\u5f35\u306f\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\uff08\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7b2c 1 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u4e3b\u5f35\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u7b2c 1 \u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6587\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u554f\u984c\u610f\u8b58\uff09\u3068\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5168\u4f53\uff08\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u8ad6\uff09\u3092\u518d\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u901a\u8aac\u3092\u8986\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff08\u30c6\u30fc\u30bc\uff09\u3092\u4e00\u884c\u3067\u8a00\u8a9e\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u7d50\u679c\u3084\u4e00\u5074\u9762\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3057\u304b\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u300c\u72ed\u3059\u304e\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6d88\u53bb\u3057\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30bc\u3092\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u305f\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u6642\u9593\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u77e5\u899a\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9577\u6587\u3002\u672c\u8ad6\u3067\u52a0\u9f62\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4ee3\u8b1d\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3084\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7d4c\u9a13\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u300c\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u6642\u9593\u306e\u52a0\u901f\u306f\u3001\u8133\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u51e6\u7406\u52b9\u7387\u5316\u306e\u4ee3\u511f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3068\u3057\u3066 &#8220;Why Time Speeds Up as We Age: The Cognitive Cost of Efficiency&#8221; \u3092\u9078\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e09\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u3002\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u3068\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u306e\u4e21\u9762\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u3067\u300c\u8a00\u8a9e\u306f\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u7a81\u7136\u5909\u7570\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8981\u8acb\u304b\u3089\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3068\u7dcf\u62ec\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e3b\u5f35\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Language emerged as a gradual adaptation driven by complex social interaction.&#8221; \u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u4eba\u5de5\u77e5\u80fd\u306e\u502b\u7406\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u6280\u8853\u7684\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u300c\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3068\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u76e3\u8996\u3092\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6025\u52d9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u63d0\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The urgent need for institutional oversight to ensure algorithmic accountability&#8221; \u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u98df\u7269\u7e4a\u7dad\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9577\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u8a18\u4e8b\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u8981\u7d04\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u9069\u5f53\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c 3 \u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u306f\u300c\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u98df\u7269\u7e4a\u7dad\u304c\u8178\u5185\u7d30\u83cc\u53e2\u3092\u6539\u5584\u3057\u3001\u77ed\u9396\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u3092\u7523\u751f\u3059\u308b\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u300d\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u9577\u3005\u3068\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A &#8220;Soluble dietary fiber promotes the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids in the gut.&#8221; \u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B &#8220;Dietary fiber enhances overall human health by systematically modulating metabolic and immune functions.&#8221; \u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c 3 \u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u306f\u7b2c 3 \u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u8981\u7d04\u306b\u3059\u304e\u305a\u3001\u7b2c 4 \u6bb5\u843d\u4ee5\u964d\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3084\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u60a3\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u4f4e\u6e1b\u3092\u5305\u62ec\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8981\u7d04\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u306f\u3001\u5c40\u6240\u7684\u306a\u96e3\u6240\u3092\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u3068\u932f\u899a\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4 \u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u8ad6\u8a3c\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6700\u7d42\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u624b\u9806\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16. \u5927\u554f\uff16\uff22\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u56f3\u8868\u7d71\u5408\u30fb\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u691c\u8a3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u3092\u98fe\u308b\u5927\u554f\uff16\uff22\u306f\u3001\u9577\u6587\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u30fb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u3068\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3084\u56f3\u8868\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u3001\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u7528\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u6700\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u56f3\u8868\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u6570\u5024\u7684\u7167\u5408\u3092\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u5b8c\u6210\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7a7a\u6b04\u88dc\u5145\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff11. \u672c\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3068\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30fb\u56f3\u8868\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u7167\u5408\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff16\uff22\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3060\u3051\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u308a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3060\u3051\u3092\u898b\u3066\u5224\u65ad\u3092\u4e0b\u3059\u884c\u70ba\u306f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u62db\u304f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5927\u554f\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u56f3\u8868\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u304c\u63c3\u3063\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u6b63\u8aa4\u304c\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u56f3\u8868\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u3001\u7e26\u8ef8\u3001\u6a2a\u8ef8\u3001\u5358\u4f4d\u3001\u51e1\u4f8b\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u56f3\u8868\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u5897\u6e1b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3001\u56f3\u8868\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u6570\u5024\u306e\u52d5\u304d\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u56f3\u8868\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u7279\u7570\u306a\u6570\u5024\u3084\u5909\u66f2\u70b9\uff08\u6025\u6fc0\u306a\u4e0a\u6607\u3084\u4e0b\u964d\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u304c\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u76f8\u4e92\u53c2\u7167\uff08\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u56f3\u8868\u3092\u76f8\u4e92\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u7a7a\u6b04\u304c\u3069\u306e\u56f3\u8868\uff08Figure 1, Figure 2 \u7b49\uff09\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u56f3\u8868\u306e\u8ef8\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u3068\u51e1\u4f8b\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u5341\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u6570\u5024\u3001\u671f\u9593\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d1a\uff08\\(\\text{higher than, decreased steadily}\\) \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u56f3\u8868\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u7a81\u304d\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u4e0a\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5358\u72ec\u3067\u306e\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u5148\u884c\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u6bb5\u843d\uff08Figure \u3078\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u7b87\u6240\uff09\u306b\u623b\u308a\u3001\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u7b54\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u52d5\u7269\u306e\u7761\u7720\u6642\u9593\u3068\u4f53\u91cd\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3002\u6a2a\u8ef8\u304c\u4f53\u91cd\u3001\u7e26\u8ef8\u304c\u4e00\u65e5\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u7761\u7720\u6642\u9593\u3002\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306f\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53f3\u4e0b\u304c\u308a\u306e\u8ca0\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Larger mammals generally tend to sleep fewer hours per day than smaller ones.&#8221; \u3092\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u50be\u304d\u304b\u3089\u76f4\u63a5\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4ee3\u8b1d\u901f\u5ea6\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e09\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u7570\u306a\u308b\u7d20\u6750\u306e\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u7387\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3002\u68d2\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3067\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u3001\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u3001\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u306e 2000 \u5e74\u3068 2020 \u5e74\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f\u300c\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u56de\u53ce\u7387\u306f\u5411\u4e0a\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u8907\u5408\u7d20\u6750\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u518d\u751f\u7387\u306f\u505c\u6ede\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u518d\u751f\u7387\u304c\u6a2a\u3070\u3044\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u8fb2\u696d\u6280\u8853\u5c0e\u5165\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u3068\u6c34\u6d88\u8cbb\u91cf\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u8868\u3002\u6280\u8853\u5c0e\u5165\u306b\u3088\u308a\u53ce\u91cf\u304c 20%\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u6c34\u6d88\u8cbb\u304c 30%\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6570\u5024\u3067\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The new irrigation method achieved higher productivity with reduced water usage.&#8221; \u3068\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u4e8c\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u7518\u5473\u6599\uff08Sugar vs. Artificial Sweetener\uff09\u306e\u6442\u53d6\u91cf\u3068\u80a5\u6e80\u7387\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u793a\u3059\u4e8c\u8ef8\u6298\u308c\u7dda\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3002\u5b9f\u7dda\u304c\u7518\u5473\u6599\u6d88\u8cbb\u91cf\uff08\u5de6\u8ef8\uff1a\u5897\u52a0\u50be\u5411\uff09\u3001\u70b9\u7dda\u304c\u80a5\u6e80\u7387\uff08\u53f3\u8ef8\uff1a\u5897\u52a0\u50be\u5411\uff09\u3002\u8a2d\u554f\u300cFigure 1 \u304b\u3089\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9069\u5f53\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304b\u300d\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A &#8220;Increased consumption of artificial sweeteners directly caused the rise in obesity rates.&#8221; \u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B &#8220;There is a positive correlation between artificial sweetener consumption and obesity rates over the period.&#8221; \u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u300c\u7518\u5473\u6599\u304c\u80a5\u6e80\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u8b70\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u7acb\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u4e8c\u672c\u306e\u7dda\u304c\u3068\u3082\u306b\u53f3\u4e0a\u304c\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u65ad\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3057\u307e\u3046\u8aa4\u308a\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08correlation\uff09\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08causation\uff09\u3092\u5cfb\u5225\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30b7\u30fc\u304c\u6b20\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3053\u306e\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306a\u7f60\u306b\u843d\u3061\u308b\u3002\u6b63\u7b54\u306f\u5358\u306a\u308b\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u56f3\u8868\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u7167\u5408\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff16.\uff12. \u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u5b8c\u6210\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u3068\u7a7a\u6b04\u88dc\u5145\u624b\u9806<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff16\uff22\u306e\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u5b8c\u6210\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5404\u67a0\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3002\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u5c0e\u5165\uff08\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\uff09\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u30fb\u8abf\u67fb\u624b\u6cd5\u3001\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u56f3\u8868\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff09\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u30fb\u8003\u5bdf\u3001\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u767a\u8868\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u7a7a\u6b04\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u67a0\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7b87\u6761\u66f8\u304d\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u4e26\u5217\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5bfe\u6bd4\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u5c55\u671b\u3084\u672a\u89e3\u6c7a\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u63a8\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u7a7a\u6b04\u88dc\u5145\u3092\u5b8c\u9042\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u914d\u7f6e\u3092\u898b\u6e21\u3057\u3001\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7a7a\u6b04\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\uff08\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u5217\u6319\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u8981\u7d04\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u63d0\u8a00\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff09\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u4e94\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u7a7a\u6b04\u3068\u540c\u3058\u67a0\u5185\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u7b87\u6761\u66f8\u304d\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304b\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e\u53e5\u304b\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u30fb\u610f\u5473\u7684\u4e26\u5217\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u7cbe\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u7b87\u6761\u66f8\u304d\u9805\u76ee\u3068\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u305b\u305a\u3001\u304b\u3064\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9069\u5207\u306a\u63a8\u8ad6\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e \\(\\text{Advantages of the New Method}\\) \u3068\u3044\u3046\u67a0\u5185\u306e\u7a7a\u6b04\u3002\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u306b &#8220;Reduced production cost&#8221; \u3068 &#8220;Faster processing time&#8221; \u304c\u4e26\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Lower environmental toxicity during manufacturing&#8221; \u306f\u3001\u5229\u70b9\u306e\u4e26\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f62\u5f0f\u30fb\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u3082\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e \\(\\text{Unresolved Questions}\\)\uff08\u672a\u89e3\u6c7a\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u67a0\u306e\u7a7a\u6b04\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u6bb5\u843d\u300c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u4eba\u4f53\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u8ffd\u8de1\u8abf\u67fb\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Whether prolonged exposure leads to chronic health issues&#8221; \u3092\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e \\(\\text{Recommendations for Consumers}\\) \u3068\u3044\u3046\u63d0\u8a00\u306e\u67a0\u3002\u672c\u6587\u300c\u8cfc\u5165\u524d\u306b\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u8a8d\u8a3c\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u904e\u5270\u5305\u88c5\u306e\u88fd\u54c1\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;Checking certification labels and avoiding excessively packaged goods&#8221; \u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e8c\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e \\(\\text{Future Challenges}\\) \u3068\u3044\u3046\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u7a7a\u6b04\u88dc\u5145\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u306b\u300c\u3053\u306e\u65b0\u7d20\u6750\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u6709\u671b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u7523\u306e\u8a2d\u5099\u304c\u6574\u3063\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u4e09\u500d\u304b\u304b\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A &#8220;The material has demonstrated unprecedented electrical conductivity in laboratory tests.&#8221; \u3068\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B &#8220;Developing cost-effective infrastructure for large-scale production.&#8221; \u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u7b2c 2 \u6bb5\u843d\u3067\u7d76\u8cdb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7d1b\u308c\u3082\u306a\u3044\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u300c\u512a\u308c\u305f\u7279\u6027\u300d\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u300c\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u304c \\(\\text{Future Challenges}\\) \u3067\u3042\u308b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3001\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2 B \u3092\u9078\u3070\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8aa4\u308a\u306f\u3001\u7a7a\u6b04\u304c\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u67a0\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u7121\u5dee\u5225\u306b\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4 \u3064\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u5b8c\u6210\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u306e\u904b\u7528\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"p-adBox -normal -border-off\" data-id=\"28822\" data-ad=\"normal\"><div class=\"p-adBox__body\"><div class=\"p-adBox__img\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4096448290756453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"8041436349\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17. \u6642\u9593\u903c\u8feb\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u30ad\u30ba\u691c\u51fa\u3068\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a66\u9a13\u6642\u9593\u304c\u6b8b\u308a\u4e94\u5206\u3092\u5207\u308a\u3001\u9577\u6587\u3092\u7cbe\u8aad\u3059\u308b\u4f59\u88d5\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5931\u308f\u308c\u305f\u6975\u9650\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3044\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u5931\u70b9\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u6291\u3048\u3001\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6b8b\u3059\u304b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7dca\u6025\u907f\u96e3\u7684\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u7b54\u3092\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u52a0\u70b9\u6cd5\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8aa4\u7b54\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u5207\u308a\u843d\u3068\u3059\u9ad8\u901f\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u3078\u3068\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3092\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u30ad\u30ba\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8aa4\u308a\uff09\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u691c\u51fa\u3092\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7fa4\u306e\u76f8\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8f03\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff11. \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u524d\u534a\u30fb\u5f8c\u534a\u306b\u6f5c\u3080\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u30ad\u30ba\uff09\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6642\u9593\u304c\u306a\u3044\u4e2d\u3067\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3068\u304d\u3001\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3092\u898b\u3066\u5b89\u5fc3\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3092\u6d41\u3057\u8aad\u307f\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u591a\u3044\u3002\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u304c\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u8aa4\u7b54\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u5178\u578b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u300c\u524d\u534a\u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306b\u518d\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u3092\u5b89\u5fc3\u3055\u305b\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u8ff0\u90e8\u3084\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u306b\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u30ad\u30ba\uff08\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5358\u8a9e\uff09\u3092\u4e00\u3064\u3060\u3051\u5fcd\u3070\u305b\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5de7\u5999\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u524d\u534a\uff08\u4e3b\u90e8\u30fb\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff09\u3068\u5f8c\u534a\uff08\u8ff0\u90e8\u30fb\u5e30\u7d50\uff09\u306b\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u4e8c\u5206\u5272\u3057\u3066\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u524d\u534a\u304c\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5b8c\u74a7\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306b\u672c\u6587\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u53e5\uff08\u53cd\u5bfe\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u3001\u7121\u6839\u62e0\u306a\u56e0\u679c\uff09\u304c\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u767e\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u8aa4\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u7d76\u5bfe\u6392\u9664\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3001\u526f\u8a5e\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7d30\u90e8\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\u306b\u3053\u305d\u30ad\u30ba\u304c\u4ed5\u7d44\u307e\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u50be\u5411\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u30ad\u30ba\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u3067\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3001\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u3067\u8996\u7dda\u3092\u4e00\u5ea6\u6b62\u3081\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u4e8c\u3064\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u610f\u5473\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u5206\u7bc0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3042\u305f\u308a\u4e8c\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u524d\u534a\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u76f4\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u8b66\u6212\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u6700\u5927\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u5f8c\u534a\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u8ff0\u8a9e\u52d5\u8a5e\u3068\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u308f\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3082\u30ba\u30ec\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u306f\u300c\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u300d\u306a\u306e\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u300d\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306f\u300c\u63a8\u5968\u3057\u305f\u300d\u306a\u306e\u306b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u300c\u5f37\u5236\u3057\u305f\u300d\uff09\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u659c\u7dda\u3067\u62b9\u6d88\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f8c\u534a\u3092\u7591\u3046\u59ff\u52e2\u306e\u5fb9\u5e95\u304c\u3001\u6642\u9593\u903c\u8feb\u6642\u306e\u5931\u70b9\u3092\u9632\u3050\u9632\u58c1\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The committee approved the budget proposal after conducting an extensive review, but rejected all public comments.&#8221; \u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f\u300c\u516c\u8074\u4f1a\u3067\u5e02\u6c11\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3092\u805e\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u524d\u534a\u306f\u672c\u6587\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e &#8220;rejected all public comments&#8221; \u304c\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306a\u3044\u7121\u6839\u62e0\u306a\u30ad\u30ba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f8c\u534a\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u6b20\u9665\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e03\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The new technology increases energy efficiency significantly while maintaining existing manufacturing costs.&#8221; \u672c\u6587\u300c\u52b9\u7387\u306f\u5287\u7684\u306b\u5411\u4e0a\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u524d\u534a\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u5411\u4e0a\u306b\u98db\u3073\u3064\u304b\u305a\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e &#8220;maintaining existing costs&#8221;\uff08\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u7dad\u6301\uff09\u304c\u672c\u6587\u306e\u300c\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u4e0a\u6607\u300d\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u629c\u3044\u3066\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u516d\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The author praises the novel&#8217;s innovative narrative structure, although she severely criticizes its thematic conclusions.&#8221; \u672c\u6587\u300c\u6587\u4f53\u3092\u6279\u5224\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u7d50\u672b\u306e\u601d\u60f3\u6027\u3092\u7d76\u8cdb\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3002\u524d\u534a\u3068\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u5bfe\u8c61\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u7dba\u9e97\u306b\u9006\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30ad\u30ba\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u516b\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u6642\u9593\u304c\u6b8b\u308a\u4e09\u5206\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u7126\u71e5\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5927\u554f\uff16\uff21\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2 &#8220;The research team successfully mapped the complete neural network of the organism, proving that consciousness is merely an illusion.&#8221; \u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u7b2c 4 \u6bb5\u843d\u306b\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u7dda\u866b\u306e\u5168\u795e\u7d4c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u5730\u56f3\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u524d\u534a\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u300c\u3053\u308c\u3060\u300d\u3068\u78ba\u4fe1\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e &#8220;proving that consciousness is merely an illusion&#8221;\uff08\u610f\u8b58\u304c\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5e7b\u60f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3082\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u51fa\u984c\u8005\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u634f\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u524d\u534a\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u3066\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u98db\u3070\u3057\u305f\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30ba\u306b\u6c17\u3065\u304b\u305a\u306b\u5931\u70b9\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5f8c\u534a\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u306a\u8d70\u67fb\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f8b\u304c\u793a\u3059\u901a\u308a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u5f8c\u534a\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u30ad\u30ba\u691c\u51fa\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6642\u9593\u903c\u8feb\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8aa4\u7b54\u56de\u907f\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff17.\uff12. \u76f8\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8f03\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e8c\u8005\u629e\u4e00\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u3068\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u306e\u5b9f\u6226\u7684\u904b\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56db\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u3046\u3061\u4e8c\u3064\u3092\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3067\u304d\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u524d\u3067\u7acb\u3061\u6b62\u307e\u308a\u3001\u8cb4\u91cd\u306a\u6642\u9593\u3092\u6570\u5206\u9593\u6d88\u8cbb\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u81a0\u7740\u72b6\u614b\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u6226\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u907f\u3051\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u4e8b\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e8c\u8005\u629e\u4e00\u306e\u81a0\u7740\u3092\u6253\u7834\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u500b\u5225\u306b\u672c\u6587\u3068\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3092\u3084\u3081\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u540c\u58eb\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u4e26\u3079\u3066\u300c\u3069\u3053\u304c\u9055\u3046\u306e\u304b\uff08\u76f8\u9055\u70b9\uff09\u300d\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u9650\u5b9a\u8a9e\uff08\\(\\text{always, never, completely, only, all, perfectly}\\) \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306b\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u6839\u62e0\u304c\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u3067\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u8868\u73fe\uff08\\(\\text{may, can, tend to, partly, not necessarily}\\) \u7b49\uff09\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u6b63\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e8c\u8005\u629e\u4e00\u3092\u8fc5\u901f\u306b\u6c7a\u7740\u3055\u305b\u308b\u624b\u9806\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff12\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\uff14\uff09\u3092\u7e26\u306b\u4e26\u3079\u3066\u8996\u7dda\u3092\u884c\u304d\u6765\u3055\u305b\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u8a9e\u53e5\uff08\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3001\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u8a9e\u306e\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e\uff09\u306b\u4e0b\u7dda\u3092\u5f15\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u306f\u4e94\u79d2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u62bd\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u76f8\u9055\u70b9\u306b\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5f37\u8abf\u8a9e\uff08\\(\\text{only, completely}\\) \u7b49\uff09\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3092\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3057\u3001\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5074\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u672c\u6587\u3067\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u30d4\u30f3\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6d88\u53bb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u601d\u8003\u3092\u7981\u6b62\u3057\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u4e00\u65b9\u306b\u5fae\u7d30\u306a\u4e0d\u5be9\u70b9\uff08\u672c\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u4f59\u8a08\u306a\u60c5\u5831\uff09\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3063\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u4ed6\u65b9\u3092\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u629e\u4e00\u306e\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3055\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u3088\u308a\u3082\u602a\u3057\u3055\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u5727\u5012\u7684\u306b\u901f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u4e8c\u629e\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A &#8220;The policy completely eliminated poverty in the target region.&#8221; vs. \u9078\u629e\u80a2 B &#8220;The policy contributed to reducing poverty among certain demographics.&#8221; \u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u306e &#8220;completely eliminated&#8221;\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u64b2\u6ec5\uff09\u306f\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u4e3b\u5f35\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;poverty rates decreased&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u7de9\u3084\u304b\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6975\u7aef\u306a A \u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3057\u3001\u614e\u91cd\u306a\u8868\u73fe &#8220;contributed to reducing&#8221; \u3092\u542b\u3080 B \u3092\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u5341\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: \u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u4e8c\u629e\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A &#8220;The ancient society collapsed primarily because of climate change.&#8221; vs. \u9078\u629e\u80a2 B &#8220;Climate change was the only factor responsible for the collapse.&#8221; \u76f8\u9055\u70b9\u306f &#8220;primarily&#8221;\uff08\u4e3b\u306b\uff09\u3068 &#8220;the only factor&#8221;\uff08\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u8981\u56e0\uff09\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u300c\u5e72\u3070\u3064\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u5185\u4e71\u3082\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u306a A \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8907\u5408\u8981\u56e0\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b A \u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u516b\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 3: \u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u4e8c\u629e\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A &#8220;Linguistic diversity is declining more rapidly than biodiversity.&#8221; vs. \u9078\u629e\u80a2 B &#8220;Both linguistic diversity and biodiversity are facing unprecedented threats.&#8221; \u672c\u6587\u306b\u306f\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u304c\u4e26\u5217\u3057\u3066\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6e1b\u5c11\u901f\u5ea6\u306e\u512a\u52a3\u6bd4\u8f03\u306f\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306b\u306a\u3044\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d1a\u306e\u6301\u3061\u8fbc\u307f\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3001A \u3092\u6d88\u53bb\u3057\u3066 B \u3092\u9078\u3076\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u5341\u4e8c\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 4\uff08\u8aa4\u7b54\u8a98\u767a\u4f8b\uff09: \u6b8b\u308a\u6642\u9593\u304c\u4e00\u5206\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5927\u554f\uff15\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u554f\u984c\u3067\u4e8c\u629e\u306b\u8ffd\u3044\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u5834\u9762\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A &#8220;Elena decided never to enter another art competition because of the stress.&#8221; vs. \u9078\u629e\u80a2 B &#8220;Elena realized that genuine artistic satisfaction comes from sharing her passion with others.&#8221; \u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u306e &#8220;never to enter another competition&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u3044\u5426\u5b9a\u8a9e\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e\u7d50\u672b\u3092\u6025\u3044\u3067\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u300c\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30af\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30b9\u30b1\u30c3\u30c1\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u300d\u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002&#8221;never&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u9650\u5b9a\u8a9e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9078\u629e\u80a2 A \u304c\u672c\u6587\u3068\u771f\u3063\u5411\u304b\u3089\u77db\u76fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u660e\u767d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u76f8\u9055\u70b9\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u3092\u884c\u308f\u305a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b &#8220;stress&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3051\u3067 A \u306b\u3059\u304c\u308a\u3064\u304f\u3068\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u76f8\u9055\u70b9\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u304c\u5371\u6a5f\u3092\u6551\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u6642\u9593\u5727\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u76f8\u5bfe\u6bd4\u8f03\u3068\u6d88\u53bb\u6cd5\u306e\u5b9f\u6226\u7684\u904b\u7528\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18. \u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u4e8c\u8005\u629e\u4e00\u7a81\u7834\u3068\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u6c7a\u5b9a\u57fa\u6e96<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u78ba\u4fe1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u89e3\u7b54\u3067\u304d\u308b\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u672c\u756a\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9ad8\u5f97\u70b9\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u8005\u306f\u3001\u78ba\u4fe1\u304c\u6301\u3066\u306a\u3044\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u8ff7\u3044\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u305a\u3089\u305a\u306b\u78ba\u7387\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u6700\u3082\u59a5\u5f53\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u77ac\u6642\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3078\u3068\u8a8d\u77e5\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u904b\u7528\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3092\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u5206\u3051\u3057\u3066\u6642\u9593\u914d\u5206\u3092\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3059\u308b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u7ba1\u7406\u3092\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u30b7\u30fc\u30c8\u3078\u306e\u8ee2\u8a18\u30df\u30b9\u3092\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff18.\uff11. \u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30de\u30cd\u30b8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u640d\u5207\u308a\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u6050\u308b\u3079\u304d\u4e8b\u614b\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u96e3\u554f\u306b\u4e94\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u5e73\u6613\u306a\u8a2d\u554f\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u6642\u9593\u3092\u5931\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u554f\u306e\u5931\u70b9\u306f\u6570\u70b9\u306b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u6642\u9593\u914d\u5206\u306e\u5d29\u58ca\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9023\u9396\u7684\u306a\u672a\u89e3\u7b54\u306f\u6570\u5341\u70b9\u306e\u81f4\u547d\u50b7\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u89e3\u7b54\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3092\u300c\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff11\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3042\u308a\uff1a\u5373\u6c7a\uff09\u300d\u300c\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff12\uff08\u4e8c\u629e\u307e\u3067\u7d5e\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u5b8c\u4e86\uff1a\u78ba\u7387\u52dd\u8ca0\uff09\u300d\u300c\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff13\uff08\u6839\u62e0\u4e0d\u660e\u30fb\u624b\u8a70\u307e\u308a\uff1a\u640d\u5207\u308a\u5bfe\u8c61\uff09\u300d\u306e\u4e09\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u5c0f\u554f\u306b\u304b\u3051\u308b\u601d\u8003\u6642\u9593\u306e\u4e0a\u9650\u3092\u53b3\u683c\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u4e0a\u9650\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f\u77ac\u9593\u306b\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff12\u307e\u305f\u306f\uff13\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u3078\u5f37\u5236\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u7b2c\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u57f7\u7740\u3092\u6368\u3066\u3001\u516b\u5341\u5206\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u306e\u7dcf\u5f97\u70b9\u306e\u6700\u5927\u5316\u306e\u307f\u3092\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u898f\u7bc4\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5224\u5b9a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u640d\u5207\u308a\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3092\u904b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e00\u306f\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u6587\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u7167\u5408\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u5206\u304c\u7d4c\u904e\u3057\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6839\u62e0\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3057\u3001\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u4e94\u5341\u79d2\u3067\u5b8c\u4e86\u3059\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e8c\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u5206\u7d4c\u904e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u4e8c\u629e\u304b\u3089\u7d5e\u308a\u304d\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\uff08\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff12\uff09\u3001\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u300c\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u8a9e\u306e\u6392\u9664\u300d\u300c\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u9078\u629e\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9f\u6226\u7684\u7d4c\u9a13\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3001\u4e94\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u306b\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u4e00\u65b9\u3092\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3057\u3066\u554f\u984c\u756a\u53f7\u306b\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u306e\u5370\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u624b\u9806\u4e09\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u5206\u7d4c\u904e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u7b87\u6240\u3059\u3089\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\uff08\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff13\uff09\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u306b\u6700\u3082\u51fa\u73fe\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u756a\u53f7\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u76f4\u611f\u3067\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u5857\u308a\u3064\u3076\u3057\u3001\u554f\u984c\u756a\u53f7\u306b\u30d0\u30c4\u5370\u3092\u3064\u3051\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u3078\u8996\u7dda\u3092\u8ee2\u63db\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u632f\u308a\u8fd4\u3089\u306a\u3044\u6c7a\u65ad\u306e\u901f\u3055\u304c\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5f97\u70b9\u3092\u9632\u885b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 1: \u5927\u554f\uff12\uff22\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u78ba\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff11\u3068\u5224\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u8ff7\u308f\u305a\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3057\u3066\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\u3067\u6b21\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u3078\u9032\u3080\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b 2: 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u3068\u56f3\u8868\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u691c\u8a3c\uff08\u5927\u554f\uff16\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u6271\u3046\u9577\u6587\u3068\u6298\u308c\u7dda\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3084\u6563\u5e03\u56f3\u3092\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u3092\u8a98\u3046\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u63a8\u8ad6\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5dee\u304c\u3064\u304f\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6f14\u7fd2\u554f\u984c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u554f\u984c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a66\u9a13\u6642\u9593\uff1a\uff12\uff10\u5206 \/ \u6e80\u70b9\uff1a\uff11\uff10\uff10\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff11\u554f\uff08\uff12\uff15\u70b9\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u4e0b\u306e\u554f\u3044\uff08\u554f\uff11\uff09\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The City Council conducted an extensive review of the public transportation network following numerous complaints from residents regarding bus delays. The municipal report revealed that while the total number of operational buses had increased by 15% over the past two years, the average commute time for passengers traveling from the northern suburbs to the downtown business district had increased by eight minutes. Many citizens expressed the view that the newly introduced digital ticketing system was needlessly confusing and responsible for the boarding delays. However, traffic management data definitively proved that the primary cause of the delays was ongoing road construction along the central avenue, which reduced vehicular capacity by half during peak hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u554f\uff11 According to the text, which of the following is stated as an objective fact? [ 1 ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) The newly introduced digital ticketing system was the most inconvenient technological change ever implemented by the council.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) Road construction along the central avenue reduced vehicular traffic capacity by 50% during peak hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) The city&#8217;s public transportation network has become completely unreliable for all suburban commuters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) Increasing the number of operational buses was a foolish administrative decision that wasted public funds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff12\u554f\uff08\uff12\uff15\u70b9\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u4e0b\u306e\u554f\u3044\uff08\u554f\uff12\uff09\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Message 1: From Club President to Members (May 10)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dear Members,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We are organizing our annual summer hiking trip to Mount Kurodake for Saturday, July 15. The basic participation fee is $40 per person, which covers transportation and trail guide services. Please note that lunch is not included, so you must bring your own meal. If you need to rent professional hiking boots from the club, an additional equipment rental fee of $15 will be charged. All members wishing to join must submit their registration form by Friday, June 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Message 2: From Club President to Members (May 25)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dear Members,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Regarding our July 15 trip, the local park authority has just informed us that the trail guide service is now mandatory for safety reasons, so the club will cover that cost without increasing the basic $40 fee. Furthermore, the local mountain lodge has offered us an optional lunch package for $12 per person. If you wish to order this package, please indicate so on your registration. Also, please note that the rental fee for hiking boots has been reduced to $10 thanks to a group discount. The deadline for registration remains unchanged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u554f\uff12 A member wants to join the hiking trip on July 15, order the optional lunch package, and rent hiking boots from the club. How much will this member have to pay in total, and what is the deadline for registration? [ 2 ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) $62, by June 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) $67, by June 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) $62, by July 15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) $65, by June 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff13\u554f\uff08\uff12\uff15\u70b9\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u4e0b\u306e\u554f\u3044\uff08\u554f\uff13\uff09\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elena stared at the rejection letter from the prestigious conservatory. Her hands trembled slightly, not with sorrow, but with an intense, quiet frustration. For three relentless years, she had practiced the violin for six hours a day, strictly adhering to classical interpretations prescribed by her conservative instructor. Yet, the judges&#8217; feedback sheet contained a single, devastating critique: &#8220;Technically flawless, but entirely lacking in personal voice and emotional vitality.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">She placed the instrument back into its worn leather case, walked to the window, and looked out at the bustling city streets below. A street musician was playing an improvised jazz melody on a battered saxophone, surrounded by an entranced, smiling crowd. Watching the raw enthusiasm of the performer, Elena took a deep breath. She unlatched the case, picked up her violin, and for the first time in her life, began to play without looking at a sheet of music, allowing the rhythm of the city to guide her fingers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u554f\uff13 Which of the following best describes the transformation in Elena&#8217;s attitude? [ 3 ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) She abandoned her musical aspirations after realizing that classical music was too rigid and outdated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) She overcame her disappointment by recognizing that authentic expression requires individual creativity rather than mechanical perfection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) She decided to switch her primary instrument from the violin to the saxophone to gain immediate public approval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) She rejected the feedback of the judges because she believed her technical execution was superior to that of other competitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff14\u554f\uff08\uff12\uff15\u70b9\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3001\u4e0b\u306e\u554f\u3044\uff08\u554f\uff14\uff09\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3088\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Biologists have long investigated the physiological adaptations that enable small desert rodents to thrive in arid environments with minimal water intake. Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between metabolic water production (water created internally through the oxidation of dietary nutrients) and ambient environmental temperature in two distinct rodent species: the Kangaroo Rat (Species A), a desert specialist, and the Brown Rat (Species B), a non-desert generalist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As ambient temperatures rise from 15\u00b0C to 35\u00b0C, Species A demonstrates a consistent, highly efficient rate of metabolic water production, allowing it to maintain water balance without active cooling mechanisms. In contrast, Species B exhibits a marked decline in water efficiency as temperatures exceed 25\u00b0C, primarily because it must expend significant water reserves through evaporative cooling to prevent hyperthermia. While some observers initially hypothesized that Species A simply consumes more succulent plants to acquire moisture, physiological assays confirmed that Species A relies almost exclusively on dry seeds, obtaining over 90% of its required hydration directly from internal metabolic synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Figure 1: Metabolic Water Production Rate across Temperatures<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u6982\u8981\uff1a\u6a2a\u8ef8\u306f\u74b0\u5883\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0815\u00b0C\u301c35\u00b0C\uff09\u3001\u7e26\u8ef8\u306f\u4ee3\u8b1d\u6c34\u751f\u6210\u52b9\u7387\uff08mg\/g\/day\uff09\u3002Species A\uff08\u5b9f\u7dda\uff09\u306f 15\u00b0C \u304b\u3089 35\u00b0C \u307e\u3067\u7d04 12\u301c13 \u306e\u9ad8\u6c34\u6e96\u3092\u5e73\u5766\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3002Species B\uff08\u70b9\u7dda\uff09\u306f 15\u00b0C \u3067\u7d04 10 \u3060\u304c\u300125\u00b0C \u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u3068\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057 35\u00b0C \u3067\u7d04 4 \u307e\u3067\u843d\u3061\u8fbc\u3080\u3002]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u554f\uff14 What can be logically concluded from the text and Figure 1? [ 4 ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) Species A survives in desert habitats primarily by foraging for water-rich vegetation when the ambient temperature exceeds 35\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) Species B produces more metabolic water than Species A at temperatures below 20\u00b0C because of its larger body mass.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) Species A maintains a superior and stable rate of internal water synthesis under high temperatures, whereas Species B&#8217;s efficiency deteriorates due to thermal stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) Ambient environmental temperature has no measurable effect on the physiological cooling requirements of non-desert generalist rodents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff11\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3\uff1a\u4e8b\u5b9f\uff08fact\uff09\u3068\u610f\u898b\uff08opinion\uff09\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u6a19\u8b58\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u672c\u6587\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u6570\u5024\u306e\u7167\u5408\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\uff1a\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606\u6a19\u6e96<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593\uff1a\uff13\u5206\uff08\u5185\u8a33\uff1a\u8a2d\u554f\u5206\u6790\uff11\uff15\u79d2\u3001\u672c\u6587\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\uff11\u5206\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7167\u5408\uff11\u5206\uff11\uff15\u79d2\u3001\u30de\u30fc\u30af\uff13\uff10\u79d2\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff12\u76f8\u5f53\u306e\u5b9f\u7528\u6587\u30fb\u5831\u544a\u8a18\u4e8b\u8aad\u89e3\u3002\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u306e\u9045\u5ef6\u539f\u56e0\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u62bd\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff11\uff1a\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f\u6307\u793a\u6587\u306e &#8220;stated as an objective fact&#8221;\uff08\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\uff09\u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3002\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u300c\u8a55\u4fa1\u6027\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3084\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u542b\u3080\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u539f\u5247\u3092\u767a\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u3079\u304d\u7b87\u6240\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(1)\u306e &#8220;the most inconvenient&#8221;\uff08\u6700\u4e0a\u7d1a\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(4)\u306e &#8220;foolish&#8221;\uff08\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u975e\u96e3\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff09\u30b9\u30ad\u30c3\u30d7\u3057\u3066\u3088\u3044\u7b87\u6240\uff1a\u5e02\u6c11\u306e\u4e0d\u6e80\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u611f\u60c5\u63cf\u5199\u3084\u3001\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u30c1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u5c0e\u5165\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\u3002\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff12\uff1a\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\uff1a\uff14\uff15\u79d2\uff09\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8\uff1a\u8a00\u8a9e\u6a19\u8b58\u306e\u5ba2\u89b3\u6027\u304a\u3088\u3073\u672c\u6587\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(1): &#8220;most inconvenient&#8221; \u2192 \u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002\u6392\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(2): &#8220;reduced vehicular traffic capacity by 50%&#8221; \u2192 \u6570\u5024\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a18\u8ff0\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;reduced vehicular capacity by half&#8221;\uff08\u534a\u5206\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u3055\u305b\u305f\uff09\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff0850% = half\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(3): &#8220;completely unreliable for all&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;completely&#8221;, &#8220;all&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u9650\u5b9a\u8a9e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;many citizens expressed the view&#8221;\uff08\u610f\u898b\u306e\u63d0\u793a\uff09\u306b\u53cd\u3057\u3001\u304b\u3064\u904e\u5ea6\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3002\u6392\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(4): &#8220;foolish&#8221; \u2192 \u660e\u3089\u304b\u306a\u4fa1\u5024\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u6392\u9664\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0\u9078\u629e\u80a2(2)\u304c\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;traffic management data definitively proved that&#8230; reduced vehicular capacity by half&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u691c\u8a3c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff13\uff1a\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9\u9078\u629e\u80a2(2)\u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 1 ] (2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: \u9078\u629e\u80a2(2)\u306f\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u8a55\u4fa1\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u4e00\u5207\u542b\u307e\u305a\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;traffic management data definitively proved that the primary cause of the delays was ongoing road construction along the central avenue, which reduced vehicular capacity by half during peak hours&#8221; \u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08by half \uff1d by 50%\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(1): &#8220;the most inconvenient&#8221; \u306f\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u8a55\u4fa1\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8a2d\u554f\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u300c\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u300d\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(3): &#8220;completely unreliable for all&#8221; \u306f\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;many citizens expressed the view&#8221;\uff08\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5e02\u6c11\u304c\u610f\u898b\u3092\u8868\u660e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u610f\u898b\u306e\u7d39\u4ecb\u3092\u3001\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u9650\u5b9a\u8a9e\uff08completely, all\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u6b6a\u66f2\u3057\u305f\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(4): &#8220;foolish&#8221; \u306f\u884c\u653f\u5224\u65ad\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u975e\u96e3\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: &#8220;Which of the following is a fact \/ an opinion?&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a2d\u554f\u5f62\u5f0f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u672c\u8a66\uff082021\u301c2024\u5e74\uff09\u7b2c\uff12\u554fA\u30fbB\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b Fact \/ Opinion \u8b58\u5225\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M21]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3068\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u4e3b\u89b3\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u5cfb\u5225\u3059\u308b\u8aad\u89e3\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff12\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3\uff1a\u4e8c\u901a\u306e\u9023\u7d61\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u66f4\u65b0\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8ad6\u7406\u7a4d\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u91d1\u984d\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\uff1a\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u6a19\u6e96<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593\uff1a\uff14\u5206\uff08\u5185\u8a33\uff1a\u8a2d\u554f\u5206\u6790\uff12\uff10\u79d2\u3001\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\uff11\u30fb\uff12\u306e\u5dee\u5206\u62bd\u51fa\uff11\u5206\uff13\uff10\u79d2\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u7167\u5408\uff11\u5206\uff14\uff10\u79d2\u3001\u30de\u30fc\u30af\uff13\uff10\u79d2\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff14\u76f8\u5f53\u306e\u8907\u6570\u60c5\u5831\u6e90\u8aad\u89e3\u3002\u30cf\u30a4\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30af\u30e9\u30d6\u306e\u9023\u7d61\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u4e8c\u901a\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8cbb\u7528\u3068\u7de0\u5207\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff11\uff1a\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f\u6587 &#8220;join the hiking trip on July 15, order the optional lunch package, and rent hiking boots&#8230; pay in total, and what is the deadline&#8221; \u3092\u5206\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63a2\u7d22\u3059\u3079\u304d\u5909\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u57fa\u672c\u53c2\u52a0\u8cbb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30e9\u30f3\u30c1\u4ee3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30d6\u30fc\u30c4\u30ec\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u4ee3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7533\u8fbc\u7de0\u5207\u65e5\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\uff1a\u6700\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3067\u3042\u308b Message 2 \u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u3057\u3001Message 1 \u304b\u3089\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u70b9\u3092\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff12\uff1a\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\uff1a\uff16\uff10\u79d2\uff09\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u9069\u7528\u3068\u56db\u5247\u8a08\u7b97<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u57fa\u672c\u53c2\u52a0\u8cbb: Message 1 \u3067\u306f $40\u3002Message 2 \u3067\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u4ee3\u7fa9\u52d9\u5316\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5024\u4e0a\u3052\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300c$40 \u306e\u307e\u307e\u7dad\u6301\u300d\u3002\u2192 $40\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30e9\u30f3\u30c1\u4ee3: Message 1 \u3067\u306f\u5404\u81ea\u6301\u53c2\u3002Message 2 \u3067\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3\u30c1\u304c\u300c$12\u300d\u3067\u8ffd\u52a0\u3002\u2192 $12\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30d6\u30fc\u30c4\u30ec\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u4ee3: Message 1 \u3067\u306f $15\u3002Message 2 \u3067\u56e3\u4f53\u5272\u5f15\u306b\u3088\u308a\u300c$10 \u306b\u6e1b\u984d\u300d\u3002\u2192 $10\uff08\u53e4\u3044 $15 \u306f\u6d88\u53bb\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5408\u8a08\u91d1\u984d\u306e\u8a08\u7b97: $40 \uff0b $12 \uff0b $10 \uff1d $62\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7de0\u5207\u65e5: Message 1 \u3067\u306f &#8220;Friday, June 2&#8243;\u3002Message 2 \u3067 &#8220;The deadline&#8230; remains unchanged&#8221;\u3002\u2192 June 2\uff08July 15 \u306f\u65c5\u884c\u5b9f\u65bd\u65e5\uff09\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0\u91d1\u984d $62 \u304b\u3064\u7de0\u5207 June 2 \u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3092\u6301\u3064\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u8d70\u67fb\u3002\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff13\uff1a\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9\u9078\u629e\u80a2(1)\u304c\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 2 ] (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: Message 2 \u306e\u6700\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u53c2\u52a0\u8cbb $40\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u30c1\u4ee3 $12\u3001\u6539\u5b9a\u5f8c\u306e\u30d6\u30fc\u30c4\u30ec\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u4ee3 $10 \u3092\u5408\u8a08\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6b63\u78ba\u306b $62 \u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u7de0\u5207\u65e5\u306f\u5909\u66f4\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081 Message 1 \u306e June 2 \u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(2): \u30d6\u30fc\u30c4\u4ee3\u306e\u6539\u5b9a\u524d\u4fa1\u683c\uff08$15\uff09\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08$40 + $12 + $15 = $67\uff09\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u66f4\u65b0\u306e\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(3): \u91d1\u984d\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u304c\u3001\u7de0\u5207\u65e5\u3092\u65c5\u884c\u5b9f\u65bd\u65e5\u3067\u3042\u308b July 15 \u3068\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(4): \u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u4ee3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u6570\u5024\u3092\u52a0\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u8a08\u7b97\u30df\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u8907\u6570\u306e\u9023\u7d61\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3084\u30c1\u30e9\u30b7\u306e\u6539\u5b9a\u7248\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5927\u554f\uff14\u5f62\u5f0f\u5168\u822c\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u672c\u8a66\u7b2c\uff14\u554f\uff08\u8907\u6570\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u6599\u91d1\u8868\u7167\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M25]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u304b\u3089\u6563\u5728\u3059\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u691c\u7d22\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff13\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3\uff1a\u30ca\u30e9\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u884c\u52d5\u63cf\u5199\u30fb\u5916\u7684\u77e5\u899a\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u306e\u5185\u9762\u7684\u5909\u5bb9\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u63a8\u8ad6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\uff1a\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u6a19\u6e96<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593\uff1a\uff14\u5206\uff08\u5185\u8a33\uff1a\u8a2d\u554f\u5206\u6790\uff11\uff15\u79d2\u3001\u8a72\u5f53\u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u63cf\u5199\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\uff11\u5206\uff13\uff10\u79d2\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u62bd\u8c61\u5909\u63db\u7167\u5408\uff11\u5206\uff14\uff15\u79d2\u3001\u30de\u30fc\u30af\uff13\uff10\u79d2\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff13\u30fb\uff15\u76f8\u5f53\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u6587\u8aad\u89e3\u3002\u30d0\u30a4\u30aa\u30ea\u30f3\u594f\u8005\u306e\u632b\u6298\u3068\u8def\u4e0a\u6f14\u594f\u8005\u304b\u3089\u306e\u89e6\u767a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5185\u7684\u6210\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff11\uff1a\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f &#8220;transformation in Elena&#8217;s attitude&#8221;\uff08\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u5909\u5bb9\uff09\u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3002\u7b2c 1 \u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u521d\u671f\u72b6\u614b\uff08\u632b\u6298\u30fb\u6279\u5224\u306e\u53d7\u5bb9\uff09\u3068\u7b2c 2 \u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u7d50\u672b\u72b6\u614b\uff08\u76f4\u611f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6f14\u594f\uff09\u306e\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff12\uff1a\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\uff1a\uff16\uff10\u79d2\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u8c61\u3068\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306e\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u7b49\u4fa1\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u521d\u671f\u72b6\u614b: \u6bce\u65e5 6 \u6642\u9593\u7df4\u7fd2\u3001\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u306e\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u89e3\u91c8\u306b\u8ffd\u5f93\u3001\u5be9\u67fb\u54e1\u8a55\u306f\u300c\u6280\u8853\u306f\u5b8c\u74a7\u3060\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u58f0\u3068\u611f\u60c5\u306e\u8e8d\u52d5\u304c\u306a\u3044\uff08flawless, but lacking in personal voice\uff09\u300d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8ee2\u6a5f: \u7a93\u304b\u3089\u30b5\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u594f\u8005\u306e\u5373\u8208\u6f14\u594f\uff08improvised jazz\uff09\u3068\u8074\u8846\u306e\u7b11\u9854\u3092\u76ee\u6483\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5909\u5bb9\u884c\u52d5: \u521d\u3081\u3066\u697d\u8b5c\u3092\u898b\u305a\u306b\uff08without looking at a sheet of music\uff09\u3001\u8857\u306e\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u6307\u3092\u4efb\u305b\u3066\u6f14\u594f\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u62bd\u8c61\u5316: \u300c\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306a\u5b8c\u74a7\u3055\uff08mechanical perfection\uff09\u300d\u304b\u3089\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u306a\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u30fb\u5275\u9020\u6027\uff08authentic expression \/ individual creativity\uff09\u300d\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0\u9078\u629e\u80a2(2)\u304c\u3053\u306e\u5909\u5bb9\u306e\u5168\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u306a\u304f\u8981\u7d04\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff13\uff1a\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9\u9078\u629e\u80a2(2)\u3092\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 3 ] (2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: \u9078\u629e\u80a2(2)\u306e &#8220;individual creativity rather than mechanical perfection&#8221; \u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;without looking at a sheet of music&#8221;\uff08\u697d\u8b5c\u3092\u898b\u305a\u306b\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5be9\u67fb\u54e1\u306e &#8220;technically flawless, but lacking in personal voice&#8221; \u3068\u3044\u3046\u6279\u5224\u306e\u514b\u670d\u3092\u898b\u4e8b\u306b\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3057\u305f\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(1): \u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u30d0\u30a4\u30aa\u30ea\u30f3\u3092\u518d\u3073\u624b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u5f3e\u304d\u59cb\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u97f3\u697d\u3078\u306e\u5fd7\u3092\u6368\u3066\u305f\uff08abandoned her musical aspirations\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u672c\u6587\u3068\u771f\u3063\u5411\u304b\u3089\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(3): \u30b5\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u594f\u8005\u306e\u6f14\u594f\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u697d\u5668\u3092\u30b5\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306b\u5909\u3048\u305f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8868\u5c64\u7684\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u9023\u60f3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u7b54\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(4): \u5be9\u67fb\u54e1\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u62d2\u7d76\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6279\u5224\u306e\u6b63\u3057\u3055\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5f3e\u304d\u65b9\u3092\u6a21\u7d22\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e0d\u9069\u683c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u306e\u6210\u9577\u3084\u6c17\u3065\u304d\u3092\u554f\u3046\u5927\u554f\uff15\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u672c\u8a66\u7b2c\uff15\u554f\uff08\u7269\u8a9e\u30fb\u4f1d\u8a18\u306e\u6559\u8a13\u30fb\u4e3b\u984c\u628a\u63e1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M22]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u63cf\u5199\u304b\u3089\u6df1\u5c64\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5909\u5bb9\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\uff14\u554f \u89e3\u7b54\u30fb\u89e3\u8aac<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u6226\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51fa\u984c\u610f\u56f3\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3068\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u76f8\u4e92\u7167\u5408\u3057\u3001\u76f8\u95a2\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u306e\u6df7\u540c\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u529b\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\uff1a\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u96e3\u95a2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6a19\u89e3\u7b54\u6642\u9593\uff1a\uff15\u5206\uff08\u5185\u8a33\uff1a\u8a2d\u554f\u30fb\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u8ef8\u628a\u63e1\uff11\u5206\u3001\u672c\u6587\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\uff11\u5206\uff13\uff10\u79d2\u3001\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u7167\u5408\uff11\u5206\uff14\uff15\u79d2\u3001\u30de\u30fc\u30af\uff14\uff15\u79d2\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u601d\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72b6\u6cc1\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u554f\uff16\uff22\u76f8\u5f53\u306e\u9577\u6587\u8aac\u660e\u6587\uff0b\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u8aad\u89e3\u3002\u7802\u6f20\u9069\u5fdc\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u4ee3\u8b1d\u6c34\u751f\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u74b0\u5883\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff11\uff1a\u521d\u52d5\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a2d\u554f &#8220;logically concluded from the text and Figure 1&#8221; \u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u63a2\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff12\uff1a\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u53d6\u6368\u9078\u629e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\uff08\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\uff1a\uff19\uff10\u79d2\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u691c\u8a3c\u8ef8\uff1a\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6570\u5024\u50be\u5411\u3068\u672c\u6587\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u8aac\u660e\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d: Species A\uff08\u30ab\u30f3\u30ac\u30eb\u30fc\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\uff09\u306f\u9ad8\u6e29\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3082\u9ad8\u3044\u4ee3\u8b1d\u6c34\u751f\u6210\uff08\u7d04 12\uff09\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3002Species B\uff08\u30c9\u30d6\u30cd\u30ba\u30df\uff09\u306f 25\u00b0C \u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u3068\u6025\u843d\uff0810 \u2192 4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u672c\u6587\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d: Species A \u306f\u4e7e\u71e5\u7a2e\u5b50\u304b\u3089 90%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u6c34\u5206\u3092\u4ee3\u8b1d\u3067\u5f97\u308b\u3002Species B \u306f 25\u00b0C \u8d85\u3067\u904e\u71b1\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305f\u3081\u84b8\u767a\u51b7\u5374\uff08\u767a\u6c57\u30fb\u3042\u3048\u304e\uff09\u3067\u6c34\u3092\u6d88\u8cbb\u3057\u52b9\u7387\u304c\u843d\u3061\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(1): 35\u00b0C \u8d85\u3067\u6c34\u5206\u306e\u591a\u3044\u690d\u7269\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e &#8220;relies almost exclusively on dry seeds&#8221;\uff08\u307b\u307c\u4e7e\u71e5\u7a2e\u5b50\u306b\u306e\u307f\u4f9d\u5b58\uff09\u3068\u771f\u3063\u5411\u304b\u3089\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6d88\u53bb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(2): 20\u00b0C \u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067 Species B \u306e\u65b9\u304c\u591a\u304f\u4ee3\u8b1d\u6c34\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306b\u306a\u3044\uff08\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3067\u306f\u5e38\u306b Species A \u306e\u65b9\u304c\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u6d88\u53bb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(3): Species A \u306f\u9ad8\u6e29\u3067\u3082\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u9ad8\u52b9\u7387\u3092\u7dad\u6301\uff08\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u5b9f\u7dda\u304c\u5e73\u5766\uff09\u3057\u3001Species B \u306f\u71b1\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\uff08thermal stress\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308a\u52b9\u7387\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff08\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u70b9\u7dda\u304c\u6025\u843d\u3001\u672c\u6587\u306e evaporative cooling\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u30fb\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(4): \u6e29\u5ea6\u304c\u751f\u7406\u7684\u51b7\u5374\u8981\u6c42\u306b\u4f55\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3082\u4e0e\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e3b\u5f35\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u30fb\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u53cc\u65b9\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u6d88\u53bb\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u624b\u9806\u30ed\u30b0\u9078\u629e\u80a2(3)\u304c\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u6574\u5408\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff13\uff1a\u89e3\u7b54\u69cb\u7bc9\u9078\u629e\u80a2(3)\u3092\u6b63\u7b54\u3068\u3057\u3066\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ 4 ] (3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u89e3\u7b54\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u89e3\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0: \u9078\u629e\u80a2(3)\u306f\u3001Figure 1 \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 Species A \u304c 15\u00b0C\u301c35\u00b0C \u3067\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u6570\u5024\u3092\u4fdd\u3061\u3001Species B \u304c 25\u00b0C \u4ee5\u964d\u3067\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u4e0b\u964d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u3001\u672c\u6587\u7b2c 2 \u6bb5\u843d\u306e\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8aac\u660e\uff08Species B \u306f\u4f53\u6e29\u4e0a\u6607\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6c34\u5206\u3092\u6d88\u8cbb\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff09\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u305f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e\u8ad6\u62e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(1): &#8220;foraging for water-rich vegetation&#8221;\uff08\u6c34\u5206\u306e\u591a\u3044\u690d\u7269\u3092\u63a2\u3059\uff09\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u6700\u7d42\u6587\u306e &#8220;relies almost exclusively on dry seeds&#8221;\uff08\u307b\u307c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4e7e\u71e5\u7a2e\u5b50\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9f\u8a3c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(2): \u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300115\u00b0C\u301c20\u00b0C \u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3067\u3082 Species A\uff08\u7d04 12\uff09\u306f Species B\uff08\u7d04 10\uff09\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u3044\u6570\u5024\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u8aa4\u8aad\u306e\u8aa4\u7b54\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9078\u629e\u80a2(4): &#8220;has no measurable effect&#8221;\uff08\u6e2c\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u306a\u3044\uff09\u306f\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u5426\u5b9a\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6607\u306b\u4f34\u3063\u3066 Species B \u306e\u6c34\u5206\u6d6a\u8cbb\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8ad6\u65e8\u3068\u885d\u7a81\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u6761\u4ef6: \u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u6587\u3068\u4e8c\u8ef8\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30fb\u6563\u5e03\u56f3\u304c\u9023\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u5927\u554f\uff16\uff22\u5f62\u5f0f\u5168\u822c\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u984c: \u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u672c\u8a66\u7b2c\uff16\u554f\uff22\uff08\u56f3\u8868\u7d71\u5408\u30fb\u79d1\u5b66\u63a8\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u53c2\u7167\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M26]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u56f3\u8868\u30fb\u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u306e\u8aad\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8996\u899a\u7684\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3092\u76f8\u4e92\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u624b\u9806\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b66\u7fd2\u8a55\u4fa1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\u69cb\u6210<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u914d\u70b9<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u5927\u554f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u6a19\u6e96<\/td><td>50\u70b9<\/td><td>\u7b2c\uff11\u554f\u3001\u7b2c\uff12\u554f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u767a\u5c55<\/td><td>25\u70b9<\/td><td>\u7b2c\uff13\u554f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u96e3\u95a2<\/td><td>25\u70b9<\/td><td>\u7b2c\uff14\u554f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u6d3b\u7528<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u5f97\u70b9<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u5224\u5b9a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u63a8\u5968\u30a2\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>80\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/td><td>A<\/td><td>\u904e\u53bb\u554f\u6f14\u7fd2\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3002\u672c\u756a\u5f62\u5f0f\u306780\u5206\u306e\u6642\u9593\u914d\u5206\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u5927\u554f\u3054\u3068\u306e\u76ee\u6a19\u901a\u904e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u306e\u53b3\u5b88\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>65-79\u70b9<\/td><td>B<\/td><td>\u8aa4\u7b54\u3057\u305f\u5927\u554f\u306e\u985e\u578b\uff08\u6761\u4ef6\u4ea4\u5dee\u3001\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u3001\u56f3\u8868\u7167\u5408\uff09\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u672c\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u8a72\u5f53\u904b\u7528\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u518d\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u985e\u984c\u6f14\u7fd2\u3092\u91cd\u306d\u3088\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>50-64\u70b9<\/td><td>C<\/td><td>\u5358\u8a9e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u7167\u5408\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u304b\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002\u539f\u7406\u5c64\u306b\u623b\u308a\u3001\u8aa4\u7b54\u306e5\u5927\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u6392\u9664\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u306b\u5fa9\u7fd2\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>50\u70b9\u672a\u6e80<\/td><td>D<\/td><td>\u8a72\u5f53\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3092\u5fa9\u7fd2\u5f8c\u306b\u518d\u6311\u6226\u3002\u6587\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u628a\u63e1\u529b\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u57fa\u790e\u4f53\u7cfb\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u89e3\u91c8\u3078\u623b\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u8ff0\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u4fee\u98fe\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u5224\u5225\u529b\u3092\u518d\u69cb\u7bc9\u305b\u3088\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M23]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u8a2d\u554f\u306e\u8a00\u5916\u306b\u6f5c\u3080\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6\u3068\u3001\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u304b\u3089\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u5e30\u7d50\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5224\u65ad\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3092\u88dc\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6f14\u7fd2\u554f\u984c\u306e\u7b2c\uff13\u554f\u30fb\u7b2c\uff14\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0a\u306b\u76f4\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M25]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u8907\u6570\u8cc7\u6599\u304b\u3089\u6563\u5728\u3059\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u3084\u6599\u91d1\u8868\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u691c\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u8d70\u67fb\u6280\u8853\u3092\u88dc\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6f14\u7fd2\u554f\u984c\u306e\u7b2c\uff11\u554f\u30fb\u7b2c\uff12\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u306e\u6700\u5927\u5316\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u57fa\u790e M26]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514 \u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30fb\u56f3\u8868\u306e\u6570\u5024\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3092\u77db\u76fe\u306a\u304f\u7167\u5408\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u6280\u8853\u3092\u88dc\u5f37\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6f14\u7fd2\u554f\u984c\u306e\u7b2c\uff14\u554f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u5cfb\u5225\u306b\u76f4\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u82f1\u8a9e\u30ea\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u5168\u5927\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u5224\u5b9a\u30fb\u8aa4\u7b54\u6392\u9664\u306e\u904b\u7528\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3002\u6975\u9650\u306e\u6642\u9593\u5236\u7d04\u4e0b\u3067\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u898b\u629c\u304d\u3001\u5468\u5230\u306a\u8aa4\u7b54\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306b\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3066\u5f97\u70b9\u3092\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"swell_btn_cv_data":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23,191],"tags":[621],"class_list":["post-28808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dnc","category-dnc-english","tag-optimized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- 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